Publications

[pneumocystis carinii in male drug addicts: morphologic study of the parasite].	this work describes the first case of acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (aids) to be found in sardinia. the patient was an adult male drug-addict who died following a respiratory inadequacy due to bronchial pneumonia resulting from pneumocystis carinii (pcp). for diagnostic purposes the emphasis is laid on the importance of morphological research into the parasite, considering the lack of specific evidence regarding serological investigation. therefore, the various techniques of coloration are ...	1986	3495279
[aids in africa].	the main aspects of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) epidemic in africa as of mid-1986 are discussed. in certain parts of africa the disease appears to be widespread and fairly evenly divided between the sexes. most of the aids patients have traveled a great deal and been very active sexually, even while traveling. prostitutes in such large cities as nairobi are heavily infected with hiv. recognized routes of infection are: sexual transmission, blood transfusion, contaminated i ...	1986	3642940
united states aids activity.	the tables in this report present data on cases reported to the centers for disease control by may 26, 1986, of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). as of that date, a total of 21,065 cases (20,771 involving adults and 294 involving children under 18 years of age) had been reported. 11,541 (55%) of aids victims have died. the majority of cases in both the adult and pediatric populations have involved pneumocystis carinii pneumonia without kaposi's sarcoma. 47% of aids cases have occurr ...	1986	12267771
lymphotoxin production in aids.	the etiological agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), lymphadenopathy-associated virus/human t-lymphotropic virus iii (lav/htlv-iii), infects the okt4(+) subset of t cells and causes their death. in this article nancy ruddle proposes that the trans acting protein of lav/htlv-iii kills cells by inducing them to make a cellular cytotoxic protein, lymphotoxin, which in abnormally high quantities results in the cells' self-destruction. lymphotoxin may even become serum detectable. ...	1986	25291416
chest diseases: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1986	18749947
aids in two african infants born in belgium.	two african infants born in belgium, dying from the acquired immune deficiency syndrome are reported. the first patient was a premature baby girl born to healthy parents. however, her asymptomatic mother was found to have polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia, a reversed t-helper/t-suppressor ratio and a decreased lymphocyte response to mitogens. the second patient's mother was treated for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during the fourth month of gestation and was subsequently diagnosed with aids. ...	1987	3645954
ribavirin treatment of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and the acquired-immunodeficiency-syndrome-related complex (arc). a phase 1 study shows transient clinical improvement associated with suppression of the human immunodeficiency virus and enhanced lymphocyte proliferation.	to assess safety, tolerance, and the clinical and laboratory effects of oral ribavirin in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and the aids-related complex.	1987	3662279
the impact of bronchoalveolar lavage cell analysis on clinicians' diagnostic reasoning about interstitial lung disease.	to assess the impact of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) on clinicians' diagnostic reasoning, we administered serial telephone questionnaires to all pulmonary physicians submitting bal specimens to our laboratory from nonimmunocompromised patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease. questionnaires were completed when the lavage specimens were first submitted and again after the results were reported to referring physicians. we recorded the clinicians' ordered list of likeliest diagnoses for the ...	1987	3665598
[bacteriological aspects of 64 cases of severe pneumonia seen in a respiratory intensive care unit].	we report on the bacterial aspects of 64 cases of severe pneumonia in an intensive care over a two year period, excluding cases occurring during artificial ventilation. in all the cases, the grave respiratory and haemodynamic signs, the blood gas and radiological findings justified admission of these patients to an intensive care unit. specimens for bacteriology, virology and parasitology enabled a precise microbiological diagnosis 43 times (63%); in 44% of these diagnosis the possibility of the ...	1987	3671863
phenytoin hypersensitivity with pulmonary involvement in a hemophiliac patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection.	acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), with its attendant sequelae of opportunistic infections and aggressive lymphatic malignancies, continues to dominate the world's medical literature. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) remains as the most commonly encountered infection in aids and an early cause of morbidity and mortality. current therapy for pcp revolves around the administration of either pentamidine isoethionate or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; however, the major aids centers repor ...	1987	3678058
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy in a homosexual man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	a 40-year-old homosexual man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) presented with dyspnea and renal insufficiency. a chest radiograph showed cardiomegaly and prominent pulmonary arteries, without alveolar infiltrates. swan-ganz catheterization revealed pulmonary hypertension and no evidence of left-to-right shunt. liver function tests were normal. he was treated empirically for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, but he died 3 days after admission. at autopsy, membranoproliferative glom ...	1987	3679202
[significance of the presence of candida sp. in bronchopulmonary secretions. contribution of pulmonary biopsy].	candida sp is often found in broncho-pulmonary secretions (expectorations, bronchial aspirations, bronchiolo-alveolar lavage...); however, its presence even in massive amounts, is difficult to interpret. is it a sign of broncho-pulmonary candidosis or mouth-pharynx contamination? the different clinical and biological elements, in particular immunology in immunodepressed patients, bring little information. in this article, we present the retrospective study of 18 patients hospitalized in pneumolo ...	1987	3425992
autopsy findings in a japanese patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	a 37-year-old japanese man was diagnosed as having acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) on the basis of a homosexual history, generalized lymphadenopathy, marked decrease of helper/inducer t cells in the peripheral blood, and positive serum antibody (antibodies) against human immunodeficiency virus (human t-lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus). autopsy showed severe depletion of lymphocytes in the lymphoid organs including the systemic lymph nodes, spleen, and gut-a ...	1987	3439457
experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the ferret.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was provoked in the ferret, mustela pulorius furo, by immunosuppression with daily long-term administration of cortisone acetate, 10-20 mg/kg subcutaneously for 9 to 10 weeks, microscopically p. carinii was observed in the lungs of all 11 treated animals: mild to moderate in five and extensive disease in six. the histopathological features of pcp in the ferret included interstitial pneumonitis, scant mononuclear cell alveolitis, with abundant cysts and tropho ...	1987	3495285
freeze-fracture localization of filipin-sterol complexes in plasma- and cyto-membranes of pneumocystis carinii.	the polyene antibiotic, filipin, was used as the probe for demonstrating sterols in the freeze-fractured plasma- and cytomembranes of pneumocystis carinii. the distribution of filipin-sterol complexes was homogeneous on the plasma membrane throughout all developmental stages from trophozoite to cyst; however, the density of the complexes gradually decreased with the progress of development. in the trophozoite, the density of the complexes was 485 +/- 42/micron2 on the p face and 341 +/- 27/micro ...	1987	3495660
intralymphatic interleukin-2 treatment of a hemophiliac aids patient with defective interleukin-2 production.	to improve immune functions in an interleukin-2 (il-2) deficient hemophiliac aids patient suffering from severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, treatment with il-2 was started in addition to standard antimicrobial therapy. highly purified il-2 was administered subcutaneously and then repeatedly intralymphatically in a manner similar to pedal lymphography. no toxicity was observed. the patient temporarily improved clinically as well as with regard to immunological functions. particularly the in v ...	1987	3495696
successful intermittent chemoprophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis.	we conducted a prospective, randomized clinical trial over a two-year period in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia to assess the effectiveness of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole given on three consecutive days each week as compared with daily in the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. p. carinii pneumonitis did not develop in any of 92 patients receiving the drug daily (30,602 patient-days) or in any of 74 who received it three consecutive days a week (27,329 patient-days), where ...	1987	3495732
deterioration of kidney function by high doses of co-trimoxazole in man.	high doses of co-trimoxazole in a patient with pneumocystis carinii and impaired kidney function (creatinine clearance 10 ml/min) resulted in a declining renal clearance of the drug but did not affect the average creatinine clearance. the renal clearance of sulfamethoxazole and its metabolites 5-hydroxy-, n4-acetyl-, n4-acetyl-5-hydroxysulfamethoxazole decreased 80%, while the renal clearance of trimethoprim decreased 60%. the renal clearance of all compounds was evidently dependent on urine flo ...	1987	3495779
[inhalation pneumonia presenting as a pneumocystis infection].	a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is presented. following presentation a chronic alveolitis was uncovered, which was due to ultimately repeated and prolonged inhalation of sweets containing gum arabic. the diagnosis was confirmed by a trans-bronchial biopsy and by chemical analysis of centrifugation of the alveolar lavage deposit. after cessation of the inhalation the progress was satisfactory both in terms of clinical status and lung function measurement.	1987	3495833
a critical review of the use of open lung biopsy in the management of the oncologic patient with acute pulmonary infiltrates.	in a retrospective review, 28 open lung biopsies from 27 oncology patients with acute pulmonary infiltrates were evaluated. the operative complication rate was 28%, and the operative mortality 4%. infection caused 57% of the infiltrates (16 cases); 87% of the infections were secondary to either pneumocystis carinii or a viral infection. two patients had bacterial pneumonia. sixteen of these cases survived (37%). all but one survivor had pneumocystis carinii. a nonspecific pneumonitis either with ...	1987	3496003
patterns of gallium-67 scintigraphy in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the aids related complex.	thirty-two patients with aids related complex (arc) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) underwent 67ga scans as part of their evaluation. three patterns of 67ga biodistribution were found: lymph node uptake alone; diffuse pulmonary uptake; normal scan. gallium-67 scans were useful in identifying clinically occult pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in seven of 15 patients with arc who were asymptomatic and had normal chest radiographs. gallium scans are a useful ancillary procedure in the ev ...	1987	3496431
gallium-67 scans of the chest in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	eighty-six [67ga]citrate chest scans were performed in 71 adult patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. forty-five of these patients also had kaposi's sarcoma. only 29 of 57 abnormal scans were correlated with abnormal chest radiographs. chest radiographs were negative for 27 scans and unavailable for one. several scan patterns were seen. diffusely increased lung uptake was seen most commonly with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, but also other infections and noninfectious inflammat ...	1987	3496432
efficacy and complications of transthoracic needle biopsy of lung in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and aids.	transthoracic needle biopsy of lung was performed under fluoroscopic guidance in 16 patients with aids or suspected aids for diagnosing 18 episodes of possible p carinii infection. diagnostic information was obtained in 15 of 18 cases. p carinii (10) and other infections agents (5) were diagnosed by tnb. the complications were pneumothorax in 44% (17% requiring chest tube drainage) and minor hemoptysis in 11%. our incidence of pneumothorax following tnb in patients with diseases other than aids ...	1987	3496467
pneumocystis carinii infections in patients with aids.		1987	3496651
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1987	3496671
nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis in patients with aids: radiologic features.	chest radiographic abnormalities in patients with aids usually are associated with opportunistic infection or neoplasm. one hundred five patients with aids and clinical evidence of pneumonitis had chest radiographs and underwent bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial biopsy, or open-lung biopsy. chest radiographs were abnormal in 73 (70%). pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was identified at bronchoscopy or open-lung biopsy in 52 (50%). nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis occurrin ...	1987	3496748
radiographic resolution of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in response to corticosteroid therapy.	systemic corticosteroid therapy alone was administered to a patient with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. substantial clinical improvement and almost complete chest radiographic resolution of parenchymal infiltrates occurred. because spontaneous resolution of p. carinii pneumonia is not known to occur, corticosteroid therapy most likely was responsible for the favorable response. given the high mortality associated with p. carinii infection i ...	1987	3496819
[intracerebral calcification in a patient with late-onset congenital rubella].	a fourteen-week-old boy is described who was admitted with failure to thrive and an interstitial pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii infection. a late onset congenital rubella infection was diagnosed in combination with an immunodeficiency. the congenital rubella infection induced a chronic meningoencephalitis. further investigations revealed intracerebral calcifications on computerized tomography of the skull. the clinical symptoms of early and late onset congenital rubella syndrome are de ...	1987	3497469
[severe pneumopathy caused by pneumocystis carinii in chickenpox in a immunosuppressed adult].		1987	3497599
[bronchoscopic detection of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].		1987	3498114
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia--changing status.		1987	3498350
inhaled or reduced-dose intravenous pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. a pilot study.	study objective: to evaluate inhaled or reduced-dose intravenous pentamidine for the treatment of patients with mild pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. design: open, nonrandomized pilot study; measurement of pentamidine concentrations in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. patients: of 22 men with mild p. carinii pneumonia (po2 greater than or equal to 55 mm hg), 15 (9 in the inhaled group and 6 in the intravenous group) received treatment for their first episode and 7 for a repeat episode. in ...	1987	3498418
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia therapy with 9-deazainosine in rats.	an inosine analog, 9-deazainosine, has previously been demonstrated to inhibit pneumocystis carinii in culture with wi-38 cells. the present study shows that it is also effective against pneumocystis carinii in immunosuppressed sprague-dawley rats with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. after 8 wk of immunosuppression, rats that developed severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were treated with either 9-deazainosine or served as controls. after 15 days of therapy, animals were sacrificed and severit ...	1987	3498606
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.	the antimicrobial combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole is active in vitro against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. clinically, it is useful for treatment and prophylaxis of various infections of the genitourinary tract and certain infections of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole by itself or in combination with other antimicrobial agents is indicated for most nocardia asteroides infections. it is the antimicrobial agent of ...	1987	3498863
prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients receiving azidothymidine.		1987	3498898
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in a hemophiliac with transfusion-acquired aids.		1987	3498988
torsade de pointes during administration of pentamidine isethionate.	pentamidine isethionate is a diamidine compound used in the treatment of a number of parasitic diseases, notably pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. although cases of sudden death have been reported during the administration of pentamidine, there have been no reported cases in the literature of pentamidine-associated arrhythmias. reported in this study are two cases of torsade de pointes occurring during the prolonged administration of pentamidine. in addition, electrocardiographic changes of marked ...	1987	3499072
pentamidine aerosol in prophylaxis and treatment of murine pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	the efficacy and tolerance of pentamidine aerosol were evaluated in the prophylaxis and therapy of murine pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. p. carinii pneumonia was induced in rats by corticosteroid immunosuppression. pentamidine was administered three times weekly via a bird micronebulizer. the actual amount of pentamidine inhaled was estimated by monitoring the ventilation of the rats during the aerosol administration. pentamidine levels in blood, lung, liver and kidney samples were determined b ...	1987	3499116
hypoxemia with normal chest roentgenogram due to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. diagnostic errors due to low suspicion of aids.	three patients encountered in a single month had insidious development of atypical respiratory or systemic symptoms and were found to be hypoxemic. all had normal chest roentgenograms and were perplexing problems in diagnosis. on initial presentation, none had evidence of pulmonary infection or recognized clinical or social features that suggested acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). all received corticosteroids for respiratory distress before the correct diagnosis was made, and all died r ...	1987	3499294
prognostic factors and life expectancy of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	to assess determinants of prognosis for 43 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, objective clinical and histopathologic characteristics were analyzed for acute and long-term prognostic significance. severe abnormalities on initial chest radiographs and alveolar-arterial oxygen differences (aapo2) greater than 30 mm hg were associated with higher mortality during the period of treatment for the acute episode (p less than 0.05). decreased l ...	1987	3499836
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv infection. diagnosis and therapy].		1987	3500030
aids in louisiana. unusual pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an aids patient.		1987	3500272
survival with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. experience with 5833 cases in new york city.	in a cohort of 5833 subjects in whom the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) was diagnosed in new york city before 1986, the cumulative probability of survival (mean +/- se) was 48.8 +/- 0.7 percent at one year and 15.2 +/- 1.8 percent at five years. the group with the most favorable survival rate--white homosexual men 30 to 34 years old who presented with kaposi's sarcoma only--had a one-year cumulative probability of survival of 80.5 percent; that group was used as the reference group in ...	1987	3500409
scanning electron microscopy with backscattered electron imaging to identify pneumocystis carinii.		1987	3500413
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pneumocystosis)].	in former times pneumocystis carinii (pc) primarily affected premature infants. more recently, it has proved to be one of the major infectious complications among immunocompromised patients, particularly those with aids. the most frequent radiographic feature is diffuse, bilateral alveolar and interstitial perihilar shadowing, spreading in a butterfly pattern. the typical findings may mimic other infectious diseases, but the presence of large pleural effusions of hilar adenopathy is evidence aga ...	1987	3500484
[contribution of chest radiology to the diagnosis of hiv virus infection].	after revising literature concerning pneumocystis carinii pneumoniae (pcp), the authors undertook a close examination of the immunological system of the hivab-positive patients that suffered opportunistic pneumopathy from pcp. hundred-forty-three cases of hivab-positive (mean age of 29), prevalently heroin drug-users, were studied. there were 13 aids, 26 arc, 91 las cases and 13 patients with only ab positivity for hiv. four hundred chest radiographs were examined without previous knowledge of c ...	1987	3500488
clinical features of 100 human immunodeficiency virus antibody-positive individuals from an alternate test site.	we evaluated 100 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibody-positive persons from the only alternate test site in los angeles. thirty-five subjects complained of systemic symptoms suggestive of hiv infection and 65 were completely asymptomatic. irrespective of symptoms, the group as a whole demonstrated clinical and laboratory evidence of immunodeficiency. eighty had generalized lymphadenopathy, 16 onychomycosis, six oral candidiasis, and two biopsy-proved kaposi's sarcoma. seventy-seven were a ...	1987	3500685
diagnosis of lung disease in acquired immune deficiency syndrome: biopsy or cytology and implications for management.	one hundred and twenty consecutive bronchoscopic examinations were carried out on 80 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) between january 1982 and december 1986. ninety one paired biopsy and cytology specimens from 72 of these patients were analysed. there was no significant difference between biopsy and cytology in diagnosing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (0.95 greater than p greater than 0.1). in 10 cases p carinii pneumonia was diagnosed by biopsy but not cytology and in ...	1987	3500967
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following 5-fluorouracil administration.	a 54-year-old man who had been treated with monthly courses of 5-fluorouracil for one year developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. no evidence of significant, permanent, immunologic impairment was evident one year after the patient became infected. an infection associated with 5-fluorouracil treatment is implicated.	1987	3501015
diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage in children with aids.	between october, 1985 and may 1987, 29 children (mean age 22 +/- 22 months, range 2-54 months) with aids or arc developed acute respiratory illness. the initial diagnostic procedure was flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy, with bronchoalveolar lavage (bal). bal was positive for pneumocystis carinii in 14 and for respiratory syncytial virus, staphylococcus aureus, and escherichia coli in 3 additional patients. subsequent lung tissue analysis and/or clinical course suggested no false negative lavages ...	1987	3501100
multiple pulmonary cavities--an unusual complication of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	cavitation is a most unusual radiological feature of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). autopsy evidence of cavities in pcp is poorly documented. we describe a case of fatal pcp occurring in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome; the pcp was associated with radiological as well as autopsy evidence of large intrapulmonary cavities. these cavities are ascribed to pneumocystis carinii infection, since other possible causes were excluded.	1987	3501169
high-performance liquid chromatographic method for measurement of pentamidine in plasma and its application in an immunosuppressed patient with renal dysfunction.	a rapid method for the quantitation of pentamidine in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography is described. pentamidine was extracted from plasma using a mixed solvent of 40% acetonitrile in chloroform. reversed-phase chromatography was then performed on a mu bondapak c-18 column, using a mobile phase of acetonitrile containing 0.1% h3po4 and 0.1% nacl (20:80) and the eluting peaks detected by their uv absorbance at 262 nm. the assay had a within-day coefficient of variation of less tha ...	1987	3501181
the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: a report of the first case in malaysia.	the 1st case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in malaysia was detected in 1987, 1 year after the ministry of health established a national aids task force. the patient was a 45-year-old chinese man of malaysian origin who had been living overseas for the past 30 years. the patient denied any homosexual relationships, blood transfusions, of intravenous drug use; however, he reported multiple sexual partners 10 years prior to developing aids. at hospital admission, the patient was i ...	1987	3501533
the role of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of suspected opportunistic pneumonia.	we report 50 immunocompromised patients with pulmonary infiltrates who underwent fibreoptic bronchoscopy, including bronchoalveolar lavage, on 56 occasions. the underlying diseases were mostly lymphoma, leukemia, other malignancies and renal failure. the commonest immunodeficiency factors were chemotherapy, steroids and neutropenia. a positive diagnosis could be made from analysis of the bronchoalveolar lavage on 59% (33/56) occasions. this was a comparable yield to transbronchial lung biopsy 57 ...	1987	3501711
severe ventricular arrhythmia during pentamidine treatment of aids-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1987	3501769
freeze-fracture studies on pneumocystis carinii. iii. fine structure of the precyst and the cyst.	the ultrastructure of the precyst and cyst of pneumocystis carinii was investigated by the freeze-fracture method. the most interesting point in this study is the alteration in the number of intramembranous particles (imps) of the plasma membrane during the formation of intracystic bodies. the imp density of delimiting membrane originating from the precyst plasma membrane, which later becomes the plasma membrane of the intracystic body, was low. in contrast, that of the plasma membrane of the in ...	1987	3501864
doses and side effects of co-trimoxazole in treatment of aids associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1987	3502075
an autopsy-proved aids patient with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1987	3502135
pulmonary manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	between 1983 and 1985, 71 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were evaluated. pulmonary manifestations were present in 42 patients (59%). pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was the most common pulmonary manifestation, present in 32 patients (45%). other pulmonary findings were cytomegalovirus pneumonia (one patient), candida pneumonia (one patient), cryptococcal pneumonia (one patient), bacterial pneumonia (three patients), nonspecific pneumonitis (three patients), kapo ...	1987	3502322
separation of trophozoites of pneumocystis carinii from lung of the inoculated nude rat.		1987	3502477
[pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii in aids].		1987	3502489
roentgenographic patterns of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in 104 patients with aids.	we reviewed the initial and follow-up chest roentgenograms (cxr) of 104 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) diagnosed between 1981 and 1985 in order to determine the relative frequencies of its various roentgenographic patterns. although a diffuse bilateral interstitial infiltrate is most common, it was concluded that unusual and atypical roentgenographic manifestations of pcp occur in aids. these include localized infiltrate, cys ...	1987	3493117
endobronchial pneumocystis carinii infection in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	we report a case of endobronchial pneumocystis carinii infection in a patient who most likely had the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). although many unusual manifestations of pneumocystis pneumonia have been reported in patients with aids, this is the first case of p carinii presenting as an endobronchial mass.	1987	3493122
disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	pneumocystis carinii, a frequent cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, rarely disseminates to involve other organs. this report describes a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumocystis pneumonia in whom extrapulmonary p. carinii infection was diagnosed on duodenal and esophageal endoscopic biopsy specimens. autopsy revealed dissemination to multiple organs.	1987	3493199
phospholipid profile of pneumocystis carinii and its interaction with alveolar type ii epithelial cells.	pneumocystis carinii is an obligate parasite of mammalian lungs, attaching to but not invading the alveolar epithelium. the alveolar air spaces are rich in phospholipids, which are secreted by steroid-responsive alveolar type ii epithelial cells. p. carinii isolated from rat lungs was found to contain the expected structural phospholipids as well as a large amount of firmly attached disaturated phosphatidylcholine, the characteristic phospholipid of alveolar surfactant. in vitro, p. carinii cell ...	1987	3493222
cutaneous pneumocystosis.	a 42-year-old man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) presented with a 9-month history of progressive hearing loss and bilateral external auditory canal masses. biopsy of the right ear mass detected pneumocystis carinii. the patient was treated with a 7-day course of intravenous trimethoprim, followed by a 3-week course of oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, with a marked reduction in the size of his ear masses. this is the first reported case of skin involvement by p. carinii in ...	1987	3492951
otic infection due to pneumocystis carinii in an apparently healthy man with antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus.		1987	3492952
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1987	3492953
cytomorphology of alternaria in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens.	review of the bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from 326 patients resulted in the identification of alternaria in 28 (8.6%) of the specimens. on papanicolaou-stained millipore filters, the most common finding was a yellow-brown-pigmented muriform conidium with characteristic transverse and longitudinal septations. four of the patients had floccose branched and septated hyphae of alternaria in addition to conidia. budding yeast or yeast forms were also present in the lavage fluid of 14 of the pati ...	1987	3473859
neurological manifestations in three german children with aids.	we report the neurological findings in two children with aids and one child with lesser aids. the first patient developed acute encephalopathy 37 months after having received a blood transfusion from a htlv-iii positive donor. cct showed ring-enhancement and hypodense lesions with homogenous enhancement. autopsy revealed cns toxoplasmosis. the second child with aids, born to an iv drug-addicted mother, had one seizure at four months of age, but other neurologic signs were absent. she died of pne ...	1987	3474544
relationship between htlv-iii neutralizing antibody and clinical status of pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and aids-related complex cases.	to investigate a possible protective role of htlv-iii neutralizing antibodies in individuals exposed to the virus, sera of children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex were analyzed for neutralizability of htlv-iiib infectivity. twelve pediatric patients (nine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, three acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex) were clinically stable and had survived more than 2 yr postonset. their predominant cli ...	1987	3474582
[clinical manifestations of acquired immunologic deficiency syndrome (aids)].	the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome aids is caused by the retrovirus hiv. about 20% develop after the inoculation of the virus an acute clinical picture resembling infectious mononucleosis. several weeks to months after the infection antibodies can be demonstrated in the serum. lateron a lymphadenopathy syndrome or aids related complex may develop. most of the patients with las or arc will progress to the full blown picture of aids. this is defined as immunodeficiency complicated by kaposi-sa ...	1987	3475926
azidothymidine associated with bone marrow failure in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids).	four patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and a history of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed severe pancytopenia (hemoglobin, less than 85 g/l; granulocytes, less than or equal to 0.5 x 10(9)/l; platelets, less than or equal to 30 x 10(9)/l) 12 to 17 weeks after the initiation of azidothymidine (azt) therapy. the bone marrow was markedly hypocellular in three patients and moderately hypocellular in the fourth. partial bone marrow recovery was documented within 4 to 5 week ...	1987	3477107
[positive hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) serology in the pregnant woman: current data on its management. apropos of a continuous series of 56 cases].	56 cases of pregnant women with a positive hiv serology were reported in 20 months at the maternity of the nice hospital center. in 10 cases, there were clinical signs of the disease (9 arc-syndrome, one case of aids). the predisposing factor was most of the time drug addiction, 53 cases (94.5%) and one case occurred after a blood transfusion. in the majority of the cases (52%) the pregnancy was pursued because of the late term or the patient's decision. a therapeutic abortion was performed in 1 ...	1987	3478787
gallium scanning in lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis of children with aids.	lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis (lip) is a frequent pulmonary complication in the child with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. we report the gallium scan findings in two children with aids and lip. gallium scintigraphy in both children demonstrated increased radionuclide concentration throughout the lungs, a pattern indistinguishable scintigraphically from that of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). this should alert nuclear medi ...	1987	3479536
aids and antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in children and their families: clinical experience at yale-new haven hospital.	as of december 1986, we have identified 23 symptomatic children with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in new haven. twelve developed aids as manifested by lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), and/or disseminated mycobacterial infections; seven of them have died. the remainder have milder clinical syndromes, which include failure to thrive, diffuse lymphadenopathy, and parotid swelling. when compared to adults with aids, children often have hyper ...	1987	3481146
immunohistological localization of immunoglobulins in pneumocystosis of adults.	we examined by direct immunofluorescence open lung biopsies from seven adult patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. in all of them, immunoglobulin deposits (especially iga) were found in alveoli that exhibited by light microscopy the classical foamy exudate infested by pneumocystis. these immunoglobulins were eluted at an acid ph and were able to fix complement fractions in vitro. moreover, we could reproduce this fixation by incubating previously eluted tissue sections with concentrated ...	1987	3297215
[refractory respiratory tract infections. 9. chemotherapy of recent respiratory tract infections. e. pneumocystis carinii infection].		1987	3298741
the efficacy of azidothymidine (azt) in the treatment of patients with aids and aids-related complex. a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.	we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy of oral azidothymidine (azt) in 282 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) manifested by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia alone, or with advanced aids-related complex. the subjects were stratified according to numbers of t cells with cd4 surface markers and were randomly assigned to receive either 250 mg of azt or placebo by mouth every four hours for a total of 24 weeks. one hundred forty-five subjects rece ...	1987	3299089
technetium-99m dtpa aerosol and gallium scanning in acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	in 11 non-smoking aids patients suspected of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), the results of tc-99m dtpa aerosol clearances, gallium scans, and arterial blood gases were compared with those of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal). nine patients had pcp. all had increased clearances five times higher than the normal (5.6 +/- 2.3% x min-1 vs 1.1 +/- 0.34% x min-1, n = 10, p less than 0.001), suggesting an increased alveolar permeability. gallium scans were abnormal in six patients but normal or sligh ...	1987	3301147
cyclosporine therapy and refractory pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. a potential association.	in surveillance of 75 patients receiving renal transplants in 1984 at our institution, five cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were detected. all five cases occurred in a subgroup of 11 patients who had received cyclosporine. a retrospective epidemiologic survey of the infected patients revealed all five were heterosexual white men with onset of pneumocystis pneumonia two to six months after cadaveric transplantation. all received cyclosporine and corticosteroids, and four of five patients ...	1987	3304199
intra- and inter-species transmission and antigenic difference of pneumocystis carinii derived from rat and mouse.	pneumocystis carinii (pc) derived from nude mice (mpc) and hypercorticonized rats (rpc) was subjected to transmission experiments via intranasal (i.n.) route into athymic nu/nu mice (balb/c background) and run/rnu rats (rowett hooded strain) and their euthymic heterozygotes rnu/+ rats. although all these recipient animals received intensive cortisone treatment, mpc propagated only in nu/nu mice. in contrast, rpc strains from three different sources were transmitted successfully to both rats and ...	1987	3306057
causes of death in renal transplant recipients. a review of autopsy findings from 1966 through 1985.	from 1966 through 1985, a total of 640 patients received 739 renal transplants at a single center transplantation program. of 245 total deaths, a slide and chart review of all 116 autopsied cases (47%) identified the major causes of death as pneumonia (n = 43), sepsis (n = 32), hemorrhage (n = 15), peritonitis (n = 11), meningitis (n = 7), and pulmonary embolism (n = 5). eighty-five (73.3%) of these patients died of complications directly associated with immunosuppression, almost all (n = 82) as ...	1987	3307685
[pneumocystosis-- pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. pulmonary complications of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].		1987	3308397
alveolar permeability in hiv antibody positive patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	pulmonary permeability was assessed using the technique of 99mtc (technetium-99m) diethylene triamene pentacetic acid (dtpa) aerosol transfer in 10 patients who had antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and were non-smokers and in 20 hiv antibody positive smokers. five patients had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) proved by transbronchial lung biopsy; four were non-smokers and one a smoker. two findings emerged: patients with pcp had greater epithelial permeability than non-smoker ...	1987	3308684
detection of circulating antigens of pneumocystis carinii in human sera by a sandwich enzyme-immunoassay.	a countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis test has been used for detection of circulating antigens of pneumocystis carinii in humans; however, this study describes another experiment by sandwich enzyme-immunoassay. antiserum was prepared by immunizing rabbits with p. carinii cysts which had been propagated in athymic nude rats. profiles of time course in patients with the positive antigenemia show that p. carinii antigens are detectable prior to an onset of acute pneumonia. since the sandwich enzym ...	1987	3310461
detection of pneumocystis carinii by fluorescent-antibody stain using a combination of three monoclonal antibodies.	a combination of three monoclonal antibodies, two prepared against human and one against rat pneumocystis carinii, was used in an indirect fluorescent-antibody stain (ifa) to diagnose p. carinii in both bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsy specimens. this combination of monoclonal antibodies was specific for p. carinii and yielded bright fluorescence of both p. carinii cysts and trophozoites. a total of 126 specimens from 93 patients were stained for p. carinii by a toluidine blue o stain and ...	1987	3312285
comparison of a novel trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-containing medium (xt80) with kanamycin agar for isolation of antibiotic-resistant organisms from stool and rectal cultures of marrow transplant patients.	a new medium (xt80) containing trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) was characterized and compared with kanamycin-containing tryptic soy agar (ka) for the recovery of multiply resistant organisms (mro) in rectal and stool cultures. cultures from 151 patients hospitalized for bone marrow transplantation were screened for mro. a total of 366 mro were recovered from 702 cultures on 94 patients during a 6-month period. xt80 detected more gram-negative bacilli and corynebacterium spp. than ka. det ...	1987	3312287
the development of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome after bone-marrow transplantation.	since bone-marrow transplant recipients receive considerable quantities of packed-cell, platelet and sometimes leukocyte transfusions, as well as the donor marrow infusion, it would be predictable that acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) by blood-product transfusion would occur in this patient population. we report here two patients who received hla-identical sibling bone-marrow transplants for acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia during their first remission. both developed category-a aids a ...	1987	3316952
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and other sulfonamides.	trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole continues to be a useful antibiotic for common outpatient problems such as urinary tract infections, prostatitis, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and acute otitis media as well as for serious infections of the hospitalized patient including pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, acute pyelonephritis, and some forms of gram negative meningitis. the other sulfonamides have a limited role.	1987	3320619
pneumocystis carinii in the aids patient.		1987	3320758
aids in the pre-aids era.	a search of the medical literature published since 1950 disclosed 19 cases of probable aids reported before the start of the current epidemic. these cases retrospectively met the centers for disease control's surveillance definition of the syndrome and had a clinical course suggestive of aids. the reports originated from north america, western europe, africa, and the middle east. the mean age of patients was 37 years, and the ratio of male to female patients was 1.7:1. sixteen patients had oppor ...	1987	3321360
invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: a diagnostic and therapeutic problem. clinical experience with eight haematologic patients.	eight patients with haematologic malignancies contracted fatal invasive aspergillosis during an outbreak. five patients were neutropenic. bronchofiberoscopic examination with microbiology specimen brush and bronchoalveolar lavage yielded aspergillus fumigatus in only 2/5 patients examined. the specific diagnosis reached during lifetime in 5 patients was based on a combination of invasive procedures (lung biopsy in 2, percutaneous lung puncture in 1), the presence of a lung abscess (3 patients), ...	1987	3321414
treatment of marrow graft recipients with thymopentin.	four adult patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia were given marrow grafts from hla-identical siblings following 120 mg/kg cyclophosphamide and 10-12 gy total body irradiation. all received intermittent intravenous methotrexate as prophylaxis against graft-versus-disease (gvhd). in an attempt to accelerate immune recovery and prevent gvhd, each patient received thymopentin (tp5) for 100 days after grafting. no adverse effects were seen with tp5 administration. all four patients developed a ...	1987	3332144
lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia in patients at risk for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	three patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) or aids-related complex and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia are reported. all patients presented with progressive dyspnea, nonproductive cough, fever, anorexia, weight loss, and arterial hypoxemia. chest roentgenograms exhibited bilateral diffuse reticular-nodular densities. the diagnosis of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia was made by fiberoptic bronchoscopy or open lung biopsy. two patients were treated with corticosteroid ...	1987	3491742
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: ga-67 citrate imaging.	all gallium-67 citrate scans obtained in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) at the clinical center, national institutes of health (bethesda, md.) were retrospectively analyzed and correlated with the results of bronchoscopy, chest radiography, and endoscopy. there were 164 scans of 95 patients. twenty scans were from patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; 19 were abnormal, for a sensitivity of 95%. ga-67 uptake tended to be less in patients receiving therapy for p. ca ...	1987	3492009
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. review of 53 cases.	between 1976 and 1983, 53 cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were documented at the mayo clinic. underlying diseases included leukemia in 15 patients, lymphoma in nine, nonhematologic malignancies in five, acquired immune deficiency syndrome in two, an various inflammatory diseases treated by corticosteroids in 16 patients. cytotoxic drugs with corticosteroids were used in 68 percent of patients, whereas 23 percent received corticosteroids alone. clinical features consisted of progressive d ...	1987	3492144
thoracic manifestations of aids.	of 67 hospitalized aids patients, 39 had pulmonary pathology. more than half of these patients died of pulmonary disease. pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus, cryptococcus neoformans and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare were the most common pulmonary pathogens, and kaposi's sarcoma was the most common neoplasm. infections and neoplasms frequently coexist in the thorax of an aids patient. the chest radiograph may be normal in an aids patient with active pneumocystis pneumonia.	1987	3026159
overwhelming pneumonia.	overwhelming pneumonias remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality. these illnesses may be rapidly fatal; thus, many patients are treated empirically. although the various etiologic agents cannot be differentiated on the basis of radiographic appearance, epidemiologic information may give a clue to the cause. community-acquired overwhelming pneumonias are usually due to pyogenic bacteria (especially streptococcus pneumoniae), mycoplasma, mycobacteria, and fungi. hospital-acquired pneum ...	1987	3026760
tissue diagnosis of selected aids-related opportunistic infections.	opportunistic infections are the most common initial manifestations of aids and, in many instances, are first encountered in surgical specimens. pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis is by far the most frequent infection seen in biopsy specimens of aids patients. most pathologists are familiar with its histopathologic presentations from previous experience. by contrast, many other opportunistic infections are either new or present clinically and pathologically in unfamiliar ways. cytomegalovirus affe ...	1987	3028190