Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| an internal part of the chloroplast atpa gene sequence is present in the mitochondrial genome of triticum aestivum: molecular organisation and evolutionary aspects. | an internal part of the chloroplast atpa gene has been identified in the mitochondrial dna of triticum aestivum. it is located near the 18s-5s ribosomal genes and partially contained within a repeated sequence. comparison of the transferred sequence with the original ct sequence reveals several nucleotide changes and shows that neither 5' nor 3' ends are present in the mt genome. no transcript of this region could be detected by northern analysis. this sequence is present in mitochondrial genome ... | 1990 | 2143966 |
| characterization and regeneration of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) embryogenic cell suspension cultures. | stable cell suspension cultures were established from two types of calli (one compact, nodular and embryogenic, the other friable and embryogenic) derived from cultured immature embryos of wheat (cv fla302). only aged calli, which had been subcultured for at least 5-8 months, formed suspensions comprised mainly of groups of small, round, densely cytoplasmic, starch-containing cells. only the embryogenic suspension derived from the aged, compact and nodular callus formed distinct somatic embryos ... | 1990 | 24232924 |
| genetic variability of leaf esterases in triticum aestivum l. 2n=6x=42. | starch gel electrophoresis with two different buffer systems and several substrates and inhibitors have been used to study the electrophoretic variability of esterases in leaves of cultivars of triticum aestivum. each one of the buffer systems showed different levels of variability, according to the electrophoretic patterns. at the same time green and etiolated leaves showed different patterns in each buffer system. the variability was dependent upon the developmental stage of the leaves. accord ... | 1990 | 24226583 |
| identification of callus types for long-term maintenance and regeneration from commercial cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | immature embryos, inflorescences, and anthers of eight commercial cultivars of triticum aestivum (wheat) formed embryogenic callus on a variety of media. immature embryos (1.0-1.5 mm long) were found to be most suitable for embryogenic callus formation while anthers responded poorly; inflorescences gave intermediate values. immature embryos of various cultivars showed significant differences in callus formation in response to 11 of the 12 media tested. no significant differences were observed wh ... | 1990 | 24226574 |
| association between dwarfing genes 'rht1' and 'rht 2' and resistance toseptoria tritici blotch in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell). | differences in levels of resistance toseptoria tritici blotch were observed in plants with a specific height-reducing gene. when the gene 'rht 2' was present either as an isoline or in the progeny, a higher degree of resistance was found. the most susceptible plants were observed in populations carrying the 'rht 1' gene. associations, as determined by phenotypic correlations, were detected betweenseptoria tritici blotch and tall stature, late heading, and maturity. plants having short stature, e ... | 1990 | 24226364 |
| use of recombinant inbred lines of wheat for study of associations of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit alleles to quantitative traits : 1. grain yield and quality prediction tests. | the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (hmw glutenin), encoded by alleles at homoeologous lociglu-a1,glu-b1, andglu-d1 on the long arms of chromosomes1a,1b, and1d of a set of f8 random recombinant inbred lines (ril) derived from the bread wheat cross anza × cajeme 71, were classified by sds-page. anza has poor breadmaking quality and hmw-glutenin subunits (payne numbers) null (glu-a1c), 7+8 (glu-b1b), and 2+12 (glu-d1a); cajeme 71 has good quality and 1 (glu-a1a), 17+18 (glu-b1i), and 5+10 ... | 1990 | 24226349 |
| genetic characterisation of a further homoeoallelic series of grain esterase loci,est-6, in wheat. | isoelectric focussing in alkaline ph gels has permitted the identification of a new homoeoallelic series of genes,est-6, encoding grain esterases in bread wheat,triticum aestivum. nullisomic analysis located these genes to the short arms of the homoeologous group 2 chromosomes. a search for polymorphism withinest-6 revealed null alleles at each ofest-a6,est-b6 andest-d6. a further homoeolocus,est-m6, is present on chromosome arm2ms ofaegilops comosa. | 1990 | 24226345 |
| nucleotide sequence of a cdna encoding an alpha/beta-type gliadin from hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum). | 1990 | 2102865 | |
| differential expression of two types of sucrose synthase-encoding genes in wheat in response to anaerobiosis, cold shock and light. | the expression of two types of sucrose synthase-encoding genes, ss1 and ss2, in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum, l.), has been investigated using type-specific probes, corresponding to the 250-270 bp c-terminal portions of the respective cdna clones. both types of genes are highly expressed in developing endosperm, where the expression of the ss2 type slightly precedes in time that of the ss1 type. expression of ss genes is lower in etiolated leaves and in roots than in endosperm. in the firs ... | 1990 | 2140810 |
| nucleotide sequences of two nuclear trna(tyr) genes from triticum aestivum. | 1990 | 2336367 | |
| starch synthesis in developing wheat grain : the effect of light on endosperm starch synthesis in vitro and in vivo. | the effect of light on the in-vivo rate of starch synthesis in the endosperm of developing wheat (triticum aestivum cv. mardler) grain was studied. individual grains from spikelets grown on the same spike either in darkness or bright light showed no difference in their ability to accumulate radioactivity or to convert this to starch over a 14-h period. similarly, there was no difference in final grain dry weight between spikes which had been kept in either darkness or normal light from 10 d post ... | 1990 | 24196681 |
| chloramphenicol stimulates the accumulation of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein ii by affecting posttranscriptional events in the chlorina cd3 mutant wheat. | the levels of total chlorophyll (chl), total carotenoids, light-harvesting chl a/b apoprotein of photosystem ii (lhcpii), and light-harvesting chl a/b apoprotein (lhcp) mrna were examined in the cd3 chlorina mutant wheat (triticum aestivum, l.) after 18 hours greening at either a low (3 micromoles of photons per square meter per second) or moderate (200 micromoles of photons per square meter per second) irradiance. the chl b and lhcpii deficient mutant wheat accumulated significantly greater lev ... | 1990 | 16667395 |
| characteristics of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase degradation by lysates of mechanically isolated chloroplasts from wheat leaves. | the lysate from intact chloroplasts mechanically isolated from primary leaves of 9 day old seedlings of wheat (triticum aestivum l. var aoba) was incubated in the ph range of 5.5 to 8.5 at 37 degrees c for 5 hours. proteolytic activity against ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco, ec 4.1.1.39) was estimated by disappearance of the large subunit of rubisco or the appearance of its degradation products. although the activity in lysates was weak, the products were detected by ap ... | 1990 | 16667392 |
| partial characterization of the trait for enhanced k(+)-na (+) discrimination in the d genome of wheat. | the long arm of chromosome 4d of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) contains a gene (or genes) which influences the ability of wheat plants to discriminate between na(+) and k(+). this discrimination most obviously affects transport from the roots to the shoots, in which less na(+) and more k(+) accumulate in those plants which contain the long arm of chromosome 4d. concentrations of na(+) and k(+) in the roots, and cl(-) concentrations in the roots and shoots, are not significantly affected by this t ... | 1990 | 24202105 |
| abscisic acid enhances the transcription of wheat-germ agglutinin mrna without altering its tissue-specific expression. | we used rna gel-blot analysis, in-situ hybridization, and nuclear run-on transcription to examine the effects of exogenous abscisic acid (aba) on the spatial distribution of mrna for the lectin wheat-germ agglutinin (wga) in developing wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. marshall) embryos and seedlings. when analyzed by rna gel blots, both developing embryos and seedlings exhibited higher steady-state levels of wga mrna after aba treatment. as determined by in-situ hybridization, incubation of devel ... | 1990 | 24202100 |
| ubiquitin pool modulation and protein degradation in wheat roots during high temperature stress. | ubiquitin, a key component in an atp-dependent proteolytic pathway, participates in the response of various eucaryotic organisms to high temperature stress. our objective was to determine if ubiquitin serves a similar capacity for metabolizing altered proteins in higher plants during stress. degradation of total proteins was measured, and ubiquitin pools (free versus conjugated) were extracted with an improved protocol from wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv len) roots treated at 22, 27, 32, 37, and ... | 1990 | 16667343 |
| correlation between the maintenance of photosynthesis and in situ protoplast volume at low water potentials in droughted wheat. | studies were undertaken to examine the relationship between water deficit effects on photosynthesis and the extent of protoplast volume reduction which occurs in leaves at low water potential (psi(w)). this relationship was monitored in two cultivars (;condor' and ;capelle desprez') of cultivated wheat (triticum aestivum) that differed in sensitivity to drought, and in a wild relative of cultivated wheat (triticum kotschyi) that has been previously found to be ;drought resistant.' when subjected ... | 1990 | 16667342 |
| photosynthetic decline from high temperature stress during maturation of wheat : ii. interaction with source and sink processes. | high temperature stress reduces grain growth in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by altering source activity and sink capacity. the impact of stress on source and sink interactions in two wheat cultivars of differing source thermotolerance was monitored by analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence transients, fv (variable fluorescence) and psm (peak, stationary, maximum), of attached flag leaves on intact and decapitated tillers grown at optimum (20 degrees c) and stress (35 degrees c) temperatures after ... | 1990 | 16667330 |
| photosynthetic decline from high temperature stress during maturation of wheat : i. interaction with senescence processes. | photosynthetic capacity decreases rapidly when temperate species are exposed to heat stress during reproductive development. we investigated whether injury in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) resulted from general acceleration of senescence processes or specific heat-induced lesions. in situ photosynthetic capacity of leaf discs and thylakoid reactions were measured using flag leaf tissue from two cultivars maintained at 20 and 35 degrees c during maturation. photosynthetic rates of leaf discs decre ... | 1990 | 16667329 |
| wheat germ 5s ribosomal rna common arm fragment conformations observed by 1h and 31p nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | the nonexchangeable protons of the common arm fragment of wheat germ (triticum aestivum) ribosomal 5s rna have been observed by means of high-resolution 500-mhz 1h nmr spectroscopy in d2o solution. although nmr studies on the exchangeable protons support the presence of two distinct solution structures of the common arm fragment (and of the same base-paired segment in intact 5s rrna), only a single conformation is manifested in the 1h nmr behavior of all of the h6 and h5 pyrimidine and most of t ... | 1990 | 2331463 |
| 500-mhz proton nmr evidence for two solution structures of the common arm base-paired segment of wheat germ 5s ribosomal rna. | the base-pair protons of the common arm duplex fragment of wheat germ (triticum aestivum) ribosomal 5s rna have been identified and assigned by means of 500-mhz proton nmr spectroscopy. the two previously reported extra base pairs within the fragment [li et al. (1987) biochemistry 26, 1578-1585] are now explained by the presence of two distinct solution structures of the common arm fragment (and its corresponding base-paired segment in intact 5s rrna). the present conclusions are supported by on ... | 1990 | 2331462 |
| the effect of parental divergence on f2 heterosis in winter wheat crosses. | in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.), the development of a methodology to estimate genetic divergence between parental lines, when combined with knowledge of parental performance, could be beneficial in the prediction of bulk progeny performance. the objective of this study was to relate f2 heterosis for grain yield and its components in 116 crosses to two independent estimates of genetic divergence among 28 parental genotypes of diverse origins. genetic divergence between parents was estimate ... | 1990 | 24226225 |
| chromosomal location of adenylate kinase isozymes in triticeae species. | one system of monomeric adenylate kinase isozymes, designated adk, was observed in triticum aestivum and in five diploid triticeae species. the gene loci adk-a, adk-b and adk-d were located on 7al, 7bl and 7dl triticum aestivum cv "chinese spring" chromosomal arms, respectively. adk gene loci were also located on the 7rl chromosomal arm of secale cereale cv "ailés", the 7h chromosome of hordeum vulgare cv "betzes", 7x of agropyron intermedium, 7e of elytrigia elongata and csu-e of aegilops umbel ... | 1990 | 24226212 |
| characterization of amyloplastic phosphohexose isomerase from immature wheat (triticum aestivum l.) endosperm. | phosphohexose isomerase from amyloplasts of immature wheat endosperm was purified 133-fold. the enzyme had a molecular weight of 130 kda and maximum activity at ph 8.6. it showed normal hyperbolic kinetics for both fructose-6-p and glucose-6-p with km of 0.12 mm and 0.44 mm, respectively. ph had a great influence on km for fructose-6-p. using glucose-6-p as the substrate, the equilibrium was reached at 23% fructose-6-p and 77% glucose-6-p and an equilibrium constant of about 3.0. the delta f cal ... | 1990 | 2341161 |
| somaclonal variant plants of wheat derived from mature embryo explants of three genotypes. | somaclones regenerated from three wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, glennson, pavon and pak-16171 were evaluated for variation in agronomic and morphological characters. calli were initiated from germinating seeds on linsmaier and skoog (ls) medium plus 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2% sucrose and 1% agar. calli were isolated and regenerated into whole plants on ls medium containing 0.1 mg/l indole - 3-acetic acid and 0.5 mg/l benzyladenine. comparisons among the somaclones and th ... | 1990 | 24226286 |
| the effects of interactions of culture environment with genotype on wheat (triticum aestivum) anther culture response. | the interactions of genotype and several variables related to culture environment, including temperature pretreatment, conditioned medium and agar concentrations were examined in a series of experiments for their effects on percent anthers producing callus and number of embryoids produced per 100 anthers scored. significant genotypic interaction was observed for both traits with all environmental variables except methods of medium conditioning. such interactions involve both changes of response ... | 1990 | 24226278 |
| a novel intergeneric hybrid in the triticeae: triticum aestivum x psathyrost achys juncea. | two hybrid embryos of intergeneric origin between triticum aestivum cv fukuho (2n=6x=42, aabbdd) and psathyrostachys juncea (2n=2x=14, nn) were successfully rescued. one hybrid plant had the expected chromosome number of 28 (abdn), whereas the second plant had 35 chromosomes. the average meiotic chromosome pairing in the 35-chromosome hybrid was 21.87 univalents + 6.38 bivalents + 0.11 trivalents + 0.009 quadrivalents, which indicates that two copies of the n genome were present. chromosome pair ... | 1990 | 24226118 |
| nitrate reductases in hexaploid and tetraploid wheats and aegilops. | nitrate reductase activity (nr activity), protein content (nr protein) and polypeptides were compared in shoots of triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare (l.) cv fidel (bread wheat, aabbdd genome), triticum dicoccum cv vernal (aabb genome), aegilops squarrosa var. strangulata (dd genome) and the amphiploid 365 (aabbdd genome), produced by crossing t. dicoccum cv vernal and ae. squarrosa var. strangulata. constitutive nr protein and activity were found in shoots of all seedlings grown without nitrate, wi ... | 1990 | 24226112 |
| gibberellic acid regulates cell wall extensibility in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | mutations (rht genes) blocking sensitivity to gibberellic acid (ga) were used to examine phytohormone mediated cell wall expansion in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). irreversible extensibility of immature leaf segments, as determined by stress/strain (instron) measurements, declined with rht gene dose. exogenous ga(3) significantly increased wall extensibility in the nonmutant controls but had no effect on the near-isogenic ga-insensitive genotypes. furthermore, ancymidol, an inhibitor of gibberel ... | 1990 | 16667254 |
| effects of ozone on the grain composition of spring wheat grown in open-top field chambers. | in a three-year study carried out at a rural site in switzerland, spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. albis) was exposed to different levels of ozone (o(3)) in open-top-field chambers from the two-leaf stage until harvest. field plots in ambient air (aa) were used for comparison. grain recovered from the different treatments was analyzed for minerals (ca, mg, k, p), starch, protein, amino acids and alpha-tocopherol, in order to investigate the effect of o(3) on grain composition. chamber-encl ... | 1990 | 15092274 |
| electron microscopic demonstration of lectin binding sites in the taste buds of the european catfish silurus glanis (teleostei). | taste buds in the european catfish silurus glanis were examined with electron microscopic lectin histochemistry. for detection of carbohydrate residues in sensory cells and adjacent epithelial cells, gold-, ferritin- and biotin-labeled lectins were used. a post-embedding procedure carried out on tissue sections embedded in lr-white was applied to differentiate between the sensory cells: the lectins from helix pomatia (hpa) and triticum vulgare (wga) bound to n-acetyl-galactosamine and to n-acety ... | 1990 | 2279957 |
| effects of sodium chloride stress and calcium supply on growth, potassium uptake, and internal chloride and sodium levels of winter wheat seedlings. | the effects of saline conditions on the k+ (86rb), na+ and cl- uptake and growth of 6-day-old wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. gk szeged) seedlings were studied in the absence and presence of ca2+. it was found that on direct nacl treatment the k+ uptake of the roots in the absence of ca2+ declined significantly with increasing salinity. the reverse was true, however, in the case of nacl pretreatment: seedlings grown under highly saline conditions (50 mm nacl) absorbed more k+ than those pretreat ... | 1990 | 2131712 |
| effects of open-top chamber fumigations with ozone on three fungal leaf diseases of wheat and the mycoflora of the phyllosphere. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. turbo) was exposed in open-top chambers to six different ozone levels (8-h daily means from 12.4 to 122 microg m(-3)), to non-filtered air and to chamberless field conditions for 31 days from seedling stage through ear emergence. powdery mildew (erysiphe graminis dc. f.sp. tritici marchal) which developed during the exposure period was significantly enhanced from 0.3/0.6% (two chamber replicates), 1.2/2.1%, 0.9/2.2% in charcoal-filtered air (cf) to 1.5/1.6% ... | 1991 | 15092102 |
| lectin binding to gp60 decreases specific albumin binding and transport in pulmonary artery endothelial monolayers. | the effect of albumin binding to cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell (bpaec) monolayers on the transendothelial flux of 125i-labelled bovine serum albumin (bsa) was examined to determine its possible role on albumin transcytosis. the transport of 125i-bsa tracer across bpaec grown on gelatin- and fibronectin-coated filters (0.8 microns pore diam.) was affected by the presence of unlabelled bsa in the medium in that transendothelial 125i-bsa permeability decreased, reaching a 40% re ... | 1991 | 1744181 |
| a pathogen-induced wheat gene encodes a protein homologous to glutathione-s-transferases. | winter wheat (triticum aestivum) shows local, induced resistance against the plant-pathogenic fungus erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici following exposure to the nonpathogen e. g. f. sp. hordei. the onset of this resistance has been shown to be correlated with the activation of putative defense genes, and cdna clones representing transcripts of induced genes have been obtained (p. schweizer, w. hunziker, and e. mösinger, plant molecular biology 12:643-654, 1989). we have cloned and sequenced a gen ... | 1991 | 1799693 |
| induction of beta-1,3-glucanase in barley in response to infection by fungal pathogens. | the sequence of a partial cdna clone corresponding to an mrna induced in leaves of barley (hordeum vulgare) by infection with fungal pathogens matched almost perfectly with that of a cdna clone coding for beta-1,-3-glucanase isolated from the scutellum of barley. western blot analysis of intercellular proteins from near-isogenic barley lines inoculated with the powdery mildew fungus (erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei) showed a strong induction of glucanase in all inoculated lines but was most pron ... | 1991 | 1815765 |
| cloning and sequencing of cdnas encoding a pathogen-induced putative peroxidase of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | we report here the complete amino acid sequence of a pathogen-induced putative peroxidase from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) as deduced from cdna clones representing mrna from leaves infected with the powdery mildew fungus erysiphe graminis. the protein consists of 312 amino acids, of which the first 22 form a putative signal sequence, and has a calculated pi of 5.7. sequence comparison revealed that the putative wheat peroxidase is most similar to the turnip (brassica rapa) peroxidase, with whic ... | 1991 | 1893103 |
| intrinsic labelling of different foods with stable isotope of zinc (67zn) for use in bioavailability studies. | intrinsically-labelled foods are required to validate extrinsic-labelling techniques used to study the bioavailability of trace elements. wheat (triticum aestivum), peas (pisum sativum), goat's milk, human milk, eggs and chicken meat were selected for intrinsic-labelling studies with 67zn. peas were grown hydroponically in enriched nutrient solution and wheat was grown in sand and watered with enriched nutrient solution. some of the wheat plants were also given stem injections of 67zn solution. ... | 1991 | 1931906 |
| structural and functional analysis of promoter from gliadin, an endosperm-specific storage protein gene of triticum aestivum l. | to identify cis-regulatory elements of the gliadin gene, a study of the gliadin gene promoter was conducted by transient expression analysis of plasmid dnas which were introduced into plant protoplasts by electroporation. the promoter region (-592 bp to +18 bp from the translational start) of this developmentally regulated gene, when fused upstream to the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) reporter cassette was unable to direct significant cat expression in wheat or tobacco suspension cell ... | 1991 | 2000092 |
| ruminal escape protein supplementation and zeranol implantation effects on performance of steers grazing winter annuals. | fifty-four crossbred steers (275 kg) were assigned randomly to one of three isoenergetic but not isonitrogenous ruminal escape protein (ep) supplements: high ruminal escape protein (hep), low ruminal escape protein (lep), or corn. the supplements contained corn, distillers' dried grains with solubles (ddgs), and fish meal. supplements were fed at approximately 1.5 kg/d; the hep and lep supplements provided .25 and .12 kg more ep per day than corn, respectively. these supplements also supplied .2 ... | 1991 | 1654314 |
| effect of cropping regime on populations of belonolaimus sp. and pratylenchus scribneri in sandy soil. | the host efficiencies of corn, sorghum, soybean, and wheat were compared for a kansas population of belonolaimus sp. under greenhouse conditions. in a related field study conducted in 1989 and 1990, the responses of belonolaimus sp. and pratylenchus scribneri populations to eight cropping regimes were monitored at depths of 0-30 and 31-60 cm in sandy soil. with the exception of alfalfa, all crop species examined supported substantial increases in populations of both nematodes. largest nematode p ... | 1991 | 19283178 |
| analysis of the resistance of aegilops squarrosa to the wheatgrass mildew fungus by using the gene-for-gene reationship. | pm10 and pm15, resistance genes to erysiphe graminis f. sp. agropyri, are located on the d genome of common wheat. it was determined whether or not they were carried by existing lines of the d genome donor, aegilops squarrosa, using the gene-for-gene relationship. two lines of ae. squarrosa tested (one was var. meyeri and the other was var. anathera) were susceptible to culture tk-1 of e. graminis f. sp. tritici and were highly resistant to culture ak-1 of e. graminis f. sp. agropyri. the two li ... | 1991 | 24221433 |
| sequence and tissue-specific expression of a putative peroxidase gene from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | we have used a cdna clone encoding a pathogen-induced putative wheat peroxidase to screen a genomic library of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. cheyenne) and isolated one positive clone, lambda pox1. sequence analysis revealed that this clone contains a gene encoding a putative peroxidase with a calculated pi of 8.1 which exhibits 58% and 83% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of the turnip (brassica rapa) peroxidase and a pathogen-induced putative wheat peroxidase, respectively. the tw ... | 1991 | 1653627 |
| measurement of 2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate in plant leaves by isotope dilution. | the level of 2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate (ca1p) in leaves of 12 species was determined by an isotope dilution assay. (14)c-labeled standard was synthesized from [2-(14)c]carboxyarabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate using acid phosphatase, and was added at the initial point of leaf extraction. leaf ca1p was purified and its specific activity determined. ca1p was found in dark-treated leaves of all species examined, including spinach (spinacea oleracea), wheat (triticum aestivum), arabidopsis thaliana, ... | 1991 | 16668153 |
| difference in hydroxamic acid content in roots and root exudates of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rye (secale cereale l.): possible role in allelopathy. | hydroxamic acids (hx) produced by some cereal crops have been associated with allelopathy. however, the release of hx to the soil by the producing plant-an essential condition for a compound to be involved in allelopathy-has not been shown. gc and hplc analysis of roots and root exudates of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rye (secale cereale l.) cultivars, with high hx levels in their leaves, demonstrated the presence of these compounds in the roots of all cultivars analyzed and in root exudate ... | 1991 | 24259166 |
| functional xylem anatomy in root-shoot junctions of six cereal species. | in cereals, the formation of safety zones in the root-shoot junction could protect the vessels of roots from embolism originating in the shoot. the root-shoot junction was examined both anatomically, with a light microscope, and experimentally, using a pressurized-air method, in the base of seminal and adventitious roots of maize (zea mays l. cv. seneca 60-ii), a corngrass mutation of maize (cg mutant), sorghum (sorghum bicolor l. cv. ho-pak), winter oats (avena sativa l. cv. ogle), spring wheat ... | 1991 | 24193938 |
| characterization of variability and relationships among components of partial resistance to leaf rust in cimmyt bread wheats. | a study of spring bread wheat (triticum aestivum) germ plasm developed at the international maize and wheat improvement center (cimmyt) showed highly significant phenotypic variability for each component of partial resistance (namely, uredial appearance period, latency period, uredial number and uredial size) to puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici. all of the wheat genotypes displayed longer uredial appearance and latency periods and decreased uredial number and uredial size when compared to the s ... | 1991 | 24213440 |
| specific binding of a hypersensitive lignification elicitor from puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici to the plasma membrane from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | we have recently reported the isolation and characterization of a glycoprotein (mr 67 000) from germ-tube walls of puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici which elicits the cellular hypersensitive lignification response in wheat (g. kogel et al., 1988, physiol. mol. plant pathol. 33, 173-185). the present study uses this glycoprotein, referred to as pgt elicitor, to identify putative elicitor targets in wheat cell membranes. in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using anti-pgt elicitor antibodies, spec ... | 1991 | 24193616 |
| changes to the stoichiometry of glycine decarboxylase subunits during wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and pea (pisum sativum l.) leaf development. | changes in the levels of the four subunits of the mitochondrial enzyme glycine decarboxylase (ec 2.1.2.10) have been investigated during development in the 8 day old primary leaf of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). proteins were extracted from wheat leaf sections between the basal meristem and 8.5 centimeters. the individual glycine decarboxylase subunits were detected by western blotting, using subunit-specific polyclonal antibodies, and quantified by laser densitometry. p, t, and h subunits showe ... | 1991 | 16668280 |
| effects of nitrogen nutrition on nitrogen partitioning between chloroplasts and mitochondria in pea and wheat. | nitrogen partitioning among proteins in chloroplasts and mitochondria was examined in pea (pisum sativum l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown hydroponically with different nitrogen concentrations. in pea leaves, chloroplast nitrogen accounted for 75 to 80% of total leaf nitrogen. we routinely found that 8% of total ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase adhered to thylakoids during preparation and could be removed with triton x-100. with this precaution, the ratio of stroma nitrog ... | 1991 | 16668193 |
| multiplicity of histone h3 variants in wheat, barley, rice, and maize. | histone h3 proteins were purified to near homogeneity from etiolated seedlings of wheat (triticum aestivum), barley (hordeum vulgare), rice (oryza sativa), maize (zea mays), and alfalfa (medicago sativa) to determine the number of histone h3 variants. five distinct histone h3 variants were identified by gradient gel electrophoresis and reversed phase chromatography. these variants occur in various combinations of two to four forms in each plant species. one minor histone variant form (variant ii ... | 1991 | 16668207 |
| response to anoxia in rice and wheat seedlings: changes in the ph of intracellular compartments, glucose-6-phosphate level, and metabolic rate. | (31)p nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure intracellular ph in living tissues. oxygen deprivation caused fast cytoplasmic acidification from ph 7.4 to 7.0 in shoots of rice, oryza sativa l. var arborio, a species highly resistant to anoxia. acidification was complete after 10 minutes of anoxia. alkalinization of both cytosplasm and vacuole followed thereafter. in the anoxia intolerant wheat shoots, triticum aestivum l. var mek, the same treatment caused a sharper cytoplasm ... | 1991 | 16668051 |
| [effects of autoclaving and surface disinfection of wheat (triticum aestivum) on the production of ergosterol, ochratoxin a and citrinin by penicillium verrucosum]. | moist wheat was autoclaved, surface disinfected with naocl or left untreated. after inoculation with conidia of a toxigenic strain of penicillium verrucosum kernels were stored at 10 and 4 degrees c. the production of ergosterol, a chemical indicator of fungal growth, was accelerated at both temperatures by each of the two treatments, compared to untreated wheat. the accumulation of ochratoxin a and citrinin was accelerated by each of the two treatments at 10 degrees c, whereas it was accelerate ... | 1991 | 1950201 |
| a dna fragment mapped within the submicroscopic deletion of ph1, a chromosome pairing regulator gene in polyploid wheat. | bread wheat is an allohexaploid consisting of three genetically related (homoeologous) genomes. the homoeologous chromosomes are capable of pairing but strict homologous pairing is observed at metaphase 1. the diploid-like pairing is regulated predominantly by ph1, a gene mapped on long arm of chromosome 5b. we report direct evidence that a mutant of the gene (ph1b) arose from a submicroscopic deletion. a probe (xksus1-5) detects the same missing fragment in two independent mutants ph1b and ph1c ... | 1991 | 1936962 |
| general features of chromosome substitutions in triticum aestivum x t. timopheevii hybrids. | based on a c-banded chromosome analysis of triticum aestivum x t. timopheevii hybrid lines, we developed a classification of the a(t) and g genome chromosomes that agrees with the standard genetic nomenclature of t. aestivum chromosomes. transfer of genetic material from t. timopheevii to t. aestivum involved complete chromosomes, chromosome arms, or segments. frequencies of chromosome substitution were highest for homoeologous group 2 and lowest for group 4. moreover, b(g) substitutions were fr ... | 1991 | 24213071 |
| variability and uniformity of mitochondrial dna in populations of putative diploid ancestors of common wheat. | by using restriction endonuclease digestion patterns, the degree of intraspecific polymorphism of mitochondrial dna in four diploid species of wheat and aegilops, ae. speltoides, ae. longissima, ae. squarrosa, and triticum monococcum, was assessed. the outbreeding ae. speltoides was found to possess the highest degree of variability, the mean number of nucleotide substitutions among conspecific individuals being 0.027 substitutions per nucleotide site. a very low degree of mtdna variation was de ... | 1991 | 24213067 |
| short-term effects of nitrate on sucrose synthesis in wheat leaves. | experiments were carried out with fully expanded leaves from three-week-old seedlings of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) raised without no 3 (sup-) . nitrate was supplied to the leaves through the transpiration stream in the light. uptake of no 3 (sup-) was linear with no 3 (sup-) concentrations from 0 to 80 mm in the solution. net sucrose synthesis showed inverse relationships versus nitrate uptake, assimilation, and accumulation, with correlation coefficients close to 1. by contrast, no alteratio ... | 1991 | 24186279 |
| a triticum aestivum cdna clone encoding a low-molecular-weight heat shock protein. | 1991 | 1863780 | |
| nucleotide sequence of a triticum aestivum cdna clone which is homologous to the 26 kda chloroplast-localized heat shock protein gene of maize. | 1991 | 1863777 | |
| two-dimensional electrophoresis of 1d-encoded b and d glutenin subunits in common wheats with similar omega gliadins. | gli-d1-encoded omega gliadins of bread wheats show little variation; their electrophoretic patterns can be classified into two main groups which broadly resemble the patterns found in the cultivars chinese spring and in cheyenne. b and d subunits of low molecular weight glutenin encoded by the chromosome 1d loci glu-d3 and gli-d1, respectively, also showed little variation. d subunits were found only in bread wheats with "chinese spring-type" omega gliadins and they all exhibited the same electr ... | 1991 | 1747100 |
| chromosome pairing relationships among the a, b, and d genomes of bread wheat. | chromosome pairing and chiasma frequency were studied in bread wheat euhaploids (2n = 3x = 21; abd genomes) with and without the major pairing regulatorph1. this constitutes the first report of chromosome pairing relationships among the a, b, and d genomes of wheat without the influence of an alien genome. allph1 euhaploids had very little pairing, with 0.62-1.05 rod bivalents per cell; ring bivalents were virtually absent and mean arm-binding frequency (c) values ranged from 0.050 to 0.086. in ... | 1991 | 24213260 |
| normalization of the dna content of telophase cells from wheat calli by nutrient modifications. | cytophotometric analyses were conducted to determine whether the dna content of wheat callus varied by tissue culture medium or age of callus. wheat,triticum aestivum l. line pcyt-20, was cultured on three variations of the murashige and skoog (1962) growth medium. at the end of 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks, samples were collected and prepared for feulgen cytophotometry. standards for the dna measurements were readings from 100 telophase nuclei in wheat meristematic root tips. amounts of dna per nucleus ... | 1991 | 24213255 |
| chromosomal control of wheat gliadin protein epitopes: analysis with specific monoclonal antibodies. | the genetic relationships between small clusters of monomeric alcohol-soluble wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain storage proteins (gliadins) were studied using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and immunoblotting, elisa, and ria methods. use of chinese spring nullisomic-tetrasomic lines showed that several narrow-specificity antibodies bound specifically to gliadins encoded by genes located on a single chromosome. in at least one case, antibodies bound to genetic "blocks" of gliadins, indicating ... | 1991 | 24212859 |
| sucrose synthase expression during cold acclimation in wheat. | when wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings are exposed to a cold temperature (2-4 degrees c) above 0 degrees c, sucrose accumulates and sucrose synthase activity increases. the effect of a cold period on the level of sucrose synthase (ss) was investigated. using antibodies against wheat germ ss, western blots studies showed that the amount of the ss peptide increased during 14 days in the cold, when plants were moved from 23 degrees c to 4 degrees c. the level of ss diminished when plants were mov ... | 1991 | 16668270 |
| wheat inhibitors of heterologous alpha-amylases : characterization of major components from the monomeric class. | the four major components of the wheat monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitors (wmai) from wheat, triticum aestivum, endosperm have been isolated and characterized. two of them, wmai-1 and wmai-2, are highly active against the alpha-amylase from the insect tenebrio molitor and their n-terminal amino acid sequences indicate that they are closely related to each other (86% identical residues) and to the other members of the family (subunits of dimeric and tetrameric alpha-amylase inhibitors and trypsin ... | 1991 | 16668253 |
| a segment of rye chromosome 1 enhances growth and embryogenesis of calli derived from immature embryos of wheat. | the influence of the short arm of rye chromosome 1 (1rs) from secale cereale var. imperial on the growth and differentiation of callus cultures from wheat triticum aestivum var. chinese spring immature embryos was analysed. this chromosome arm was found to stimulate both embryogenesis and the rate of growth of calli. recombinant lines carrying segments of 1rs were used to delineate the regions of 1rs responsible for the tissue culture effects. the enhancement of embryogenesis and the stimulation ... | 1991 | 24221495 |
| production, morphology, and cytogenetics of triticum aestivum (l.) thell × elymus scabrus (r. br.) love intergeneric hybrids obtained by in ovulo embryo culture. | intergeneric hybrids were produced between common wheat, triticum aestivum (2n=6x=42, aabbdd), and an apomictic triticeae species, elymus scabrus (syn. agropyron scabrum) (2n=6x=42, hhssss), the first successful report of this cross. nine tiny, underdeveloped, and structureless embryos were obtained in vitro only by in ovulo embryo culture at 4 days after pollination, which gave rise to five mature hybrid plants. all the hybrid plants were vigorous and possessed a phenotype intermediate to the t ... | 1991 | 24221449 |
| effect of gabaculine on the synthesis of heme and cytochrome f in etiolated wheat seedlings. | the effect of gabaculine (3-amino 2,3-dihydrobenzoic acid), an inhibitor of tetrapyrrole synthesis, on the accumulation of heme and cytochrome f in etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum var mardler) seedlings has been examined. gabaculine treatment resulted in decreased amounts of heme and of holocytochrome f detected spectroscopically and by peroxidase activity after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the amount of the cytochrome f polypeptide detected immunochemically on w ... | 1991 | 16668225 |
| low growth temperature effects a differential inhibition of photosynthesis in spring and winter wheat. | in vivo room temperature chlorophyll a fluorescence coupled with co(2) and o(2) exchange was measured to determine photosynthetic limitation(s) for spring and winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown at cold-hardening temperatures (5 degrees c/5 degrees c, day/night). plants of comparable physiological stage, but grown at nonhardening temperatures (20 degrees c/16 degrees c, day/night) were used in comparison. winter wheat cultivars grown at 5 degrees c had light-saturated rates of co(2) exchan ... | 1991 | 16668213 |
| water-stress-induced ethylene production in wheat : a fact or artifact? | effects of water stress on ethylene evolution from excised leaf segments and intact plants of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv katepwa) were studied. excised leaf segments of 8 day or 6 week old plants were dried until they lost 8% of their fresh weight (water potential about -2.3 megapascals). these and nondried control leaf segments (water potential about -1.0 megapascal) were sealed in glass tubes, and their ethylene production rates were compared by head space analysis via gas-chromatography. ... | 1991 | 16668200 |
| nucleotide sequence of a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cdna clone encoding the waxy protein. | 1991 | 1863765 | |
| direct effect of colchicine on the microspore embryogenesis to produce dihaploid plants in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | in the present experiment, different chromosome reduplication techniques were applied to microspore-originated triticum aestivum l. (cv 'ciano') haploids. in addition to the conventional treatment (whole plant exposure to colchicine solution), spontaneously redoubled haploids were also examined. as an experimental treatment, different concentrations (0.01, 0.02, 0.04%) of colchicine were added directly to the induction media. colchicine did not affect the anther response or the plant regeneratio ... | 1991 | 24221385 |
| molecular characterization of a low-molecular-weight glutenin cdna clone from triticum durum. | a full-length, low-molecular-weight (lmw) glutenin cdna clone, ptducd1, has been isolated from a triticum durum cv 'mexicali' wheat cdna library. the complete sequence was determined and compared to the lmw glutenin genes that have been isolated from hexaploid wheat, triticum aestivum. this cdna codes for a protein of 295 amino acids (33,414 daltons) including a 20-amino acid signal peptide as deduced from the dna sequence. northern analysis showed that this cdna hybridizes to a family of relate ... | 1991 | 24221382 |
| identification of 'amigo' and 'kavkaz' translocations in ohio soft red winter wheats (triticum aestivum l.). | one cultivar ('gr876') and two advanced ohio soft red winter wheat lines ('oh413' and 'oh414'), with 'kavkaz' in their pedigrees, were examined for the presence of the 'kavkaz,' 1rs/1bl rye/wheat chromosome translocation. another advanced line ('oh416'), with 'amigo' in its pedigree, was examined for the presence of the 'amigo,' 1rs/1al translocation. only two satellited chromosomes were observed in most mitotic root-tip cells from 'gr876,' 'oh413,' and 'oh414,' compared to four in most cells fr ... | 1991 | 24221378 |
| seed set after pollination with in-vitro-matured, isolated pollen of triticum aestivum. | immature pollen of two varieties of triticum aestivum, at the stage right after the first pollen mitosis, was isolated from individual anthers and cultured in microcultures of microliter droplets. in a specifically designed medium, some of the pollen grains developed to maturity. these were applied to excised stigmas on agar, where they produced pollen tubes. application to flowers in vivo led to seed set. pollen was matured in vitro from a variety that produced a different protein banding patte ... | 1991 | 24221370 |
| cytological analysis on the distribution and origin of the alien chromosome pair conferring blue aleurone color in several european common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) strains. | meiotic chromosome pairing and giemsa c-banding analyses in crosses of several european blue-grained wheat strains with chinese spring double ditelosomic and other aneuploid lines showed that triticum aestivum blaukorn strains "berlin," "probstdorf," "tschermak," and "weihenstephan" are chromosome substitutions, in which the complete wheat chromosome 4a pair is replaced, whereas the strains "brünn" and "moskau" are 4b substitutions. the alien chromosome pair in all of these strains is an a genom ... | 1991 | 24221323 |
| recovery of normal photosynthesis and respiration in common wheat with agropyron cytoplasms by telocentric agropyron chromosomes. | alloplasmic common wheat (triticum aestivum l. cultivais 'penjamo 62' and 'siete cerros 66') with cytoplasms of wheatgrass (agropyron trichophorum and ag. glaucum) showed two aberrant phenotypes, i.e., gross reduction in plant vigor and male sterility. plant vigor and male fertility were restored by cytoplasm-specific telocentric chromosomes (telosomes). studies on carbon assimilation and consumption and on oxygen evolution and uptake showed that maximum rates of apparent photosynthesis were sig ... | 1991 | 24221317 |
| diurnal fluctuations in the content and functional properties of the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex in thylakoid membranes : correlation with the diurnal rhythm of the mrna level. | diurnal fluctuations were observed in the content and some structural and functional properties of the light-harvesting chlorophyll (chl) a/b pigment-protein complex of photosystem ii (lhcii) in young developing wheat (triticum aestivum) leaves grown under 16 hours light/8 hours dark illumination regime. the fluctuations could be correlated with the diurnal oscillation in the level of mrna for lhcii. the most pronounced changes occurred in the basal segments of the leaves. they were weaker or ha ... | 1991 | 16668134 |
| hybridization between triticum aestivum l. and agropyron michnoi roshev. : 1. production and cytogenetic study of f1 hybrids. | intergeneric hybrids between triticum aestivum cv 'chinese spring' (2n=6x=42, aabbdd) and agropyron michnoi roshev. (2n=4x=28, pppp) were obtained by embryo culture. their spike characteristics were similar to those of common wheat but, unlike their parents, they were long-awned. the average meiotic chromosome pairing at mi of f1 hybrids was: 6.39 i +3.75 rodii+8.64 ringii+0.81 iii+0.30 iv+0.04 v, the bivalent and multivalent formation of which was much higher than expected from the genomic form ... | 1991 | 24221258 |
| efficient production of wheat-barley hybrids and preferential elimination of barley chromosomes. | intergeneric hybridization between four common wheat cultivars, triticum aestivum l. cultivars chinese spring, norin 12, norin 61, and shinchunaga, and cultivated barley, hordeum vulgare l. cultivars betzes, nyugoruden, harunanijou, and kinai 5 were carried out in a greenhouse under 15 - 20 °c and long-day (15 h) photoperiod conditions. two days prior to pollination, a 100 mg/1 2,4-d solution was injected into wheat stems. among wheat cultivars, norin 12, norin 61, and shinchunaga showed higher ... | 1991 | 24221254 |
| plant regeneration from protoplasts isolated from long-term cell cultures of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | a friable and fast-growing type of callus was isolated from a long term shoot-competent cell culture of wheat. the suspension cultures established from this callus consisted of small, densely cytoplasmic cells which divided more rapidly but with a lower plant regeneration frequency than the original culture. a high yield of protoplasts was released from suspension cells (2 to 3×10(7) protoplasts per ml packed cell volume) when treated with enzyme mixtures. the isolated protoplasts divided at a r ... | 1991 | 24213660 |
| molecular cloning and expression of abscisic acid-responsive genes in embryos of dormant wheat seeds. | hydrated dormant cereal seeds do not germinate even when environmental conditions are favorable for germination. by using cdna cloning and differential screening, we have identified mrnas from five gene families that are abundant in the embryos of imbibed, but developmentally arrested wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seeds. gene transcript levels of these mrnas are maintained and even increase in embryos of imbibed dormant seeds for as long as the seeds remain dormant. in contrast, transcript levels ... | 1991 | 16668059 |
| [use of phytostimolin vaginal cream and lavage in cervical dystrophy after dtc of the cervix]. | the study evaluated the efficacy and tolerance of the active components of "phytostimolin" cream and vaginal lavage, triticum vulgare and ether glycoethylen-mono-phenolic, in 40 patients suffering from dystrophic cervico-vaginal pathologies (group 1), and in 20 patients following dtc of the portio due to ectropion (group 2). the study was double blind. an overall efficacy of 70% was observed in group 1 and 90% in group 2. the results obtained, the absence of side effects, and the good level of t ... | 1991 | 2057103 |
| the sequence of change within the photosynthetic apparatus of wheat following short-term exposure to ozone. | the basis of inhibition of photosynthesis by single acute o(3) exposures was investigated in vivo using analyses based on leaf gas exchange measurements. the fully expanded second leaves of wheat plants (triticum aestivum l. cv avalon) were fumigated with either 200 or 400 nanomoles per mole o(3) for between 4 and 16 hours. this reduced significantly the light-saturated rate of co(2) uptake and was accompanied by a parallel decrease in stomatal conductance. however, the stomatal limitation, esti ... | 1991 | 16668016 |
| characterization of a cdna clone encoding the triticum aestivum l. cm16 protein: homology with the triticum durum desf. sequence. | 1991 | 1893108 | |
| encoding genes for endosperm proteins in hordeum chilense. | the endosperm proteins encoded by the genome hch in hordeum chilense, tritordeum (amphiploid hordeum chilense x triticum turgidum), common wheat-h. chilense addition lines, and the segregating plants resulting from the cross tritordeum x t. turgidum, were fractionated by three electrophoretical techniques: sds-page, a-page, and bidimensional page. prolamin subunits with a high molecular weight (hmw) were well visualized by sds-page, the a-page technique permitted good resolution for many hordein ... | 1991 | 24221169 |
| chromosomal location of genes for rubisco small subunit and rubisco-binding protein in common wheat. | the genes coding for the rubisco small subunit (ssu) and for the α-subunit of the rubisco-binding protein were located to chromosome arms of common wheat. hindiii-digested total dna from the hexaploid cultivar chinese spring and from ditelosomic and nullisomic-tetrasomic lines was probed with these two genes, whose chromosomal location was deduced from the disappearance of or from changes in the relative intensity of the relevant band(s). the rubisco ssu pattern consisted of 14 bands, containing ... | 1991 | 24221165 |
| ammi adjustment for statistical analysis of an international wheat yield trial. | multilocation trials are important for the cimmyt bread wheat program in producing high-yielding, adapted lines for a wide range of environments. this study investigated procedures for improving predictive success of a yield trial, grouping environments and genotypes into homogeneous subsets, and determining the yield stability of 18 cimmyt bread wheats evaluated at 25 locations. additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (ammi) analysis gave more precise estimates of genotypic yields ... | 1991 | 24221155 |
| gibberellins and leaf expansion in near-isogenic wheat lines containing rht1 and rht3 dwarfing alleles. | in near-isogenic lines of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. maris huntsman) grown at 20° c under long days the reduced-height genes, rht1 (semi-dwarf) and rht3 (dwarf) reduced the rate of extension of leaf 2 by 12% and 52%, respectively, compared with corresponding rht (tall) lines. lowering the growing temperature from 20° to 10° c reduced the rate of linear extension of leaf 2 by 2.5-fold (60% reduction) in the rht3 line but by only 1.6-fold (36% reduction) in the rht3 line. for both geno ... | 1991 | 24193625 |
| yield and grain quality of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. drabant) exposed to different concentrations of ozone in open-top chambers. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. drabant) was exposed to different concentrations of ozone in open-top chambers for two growing seasons, 1987 and 1988, at a site located in south-west sweden. the chambers were placed in a field of commercially grown spring wheat. the treatments were charcoal-filtered air (cf), non-filtered air (nf) and non-filtered air plus extra ozone (nf(+)). in 1988, one additional ozone concentration (nf(++)) was used. grain yield was affected by the ozone concentrati ... | 1991 | 15092158 |
| morphological responses of wheat to changes in phytochrome photoequilibrium. | wheat plants (triticum aestivum l.) were grown at the same photosynthetic photon flux (ppf), 200 micromoles per square meter per second, but with phytochrome photoequilibrium (phi) values of 0.81, 0.55, and 0.33. plants grown at phi values of 0.55 and 0.33 tillered 43 and 56%, less compared with plants grown at phi of 0.81. main culm development (haun stage) was slightly more advanced at lower values of phi, and leaf sheaths, but not leaf lamina, were longer at lower phi. dry-mass accumulation w ... | 1991 | 11538375 |
| germination and growth of wheat in simulated martian atmospheres. | one design for a manned mars base incorporates a bioregenerative life support system based upon growing higher plants at a low atmospheric pressure in a greenhouse on the martian surface. to determine the concept's feasibility, the germination and initial growth of wheat (triticum aestivum) was evaluated at low atmospheric pressures in simulated martian atmosphere (sma) and in sma supplemented with oxygen. total atmospheric pressures ranged from 10 to 1013 mb. no seeds germinated in pure sma, re ... | 1991 | 11537561 |
| carbonic anhydrase assay: strong inhibition of the leaf enzyme by co2 in certain buffers. | apparent carbonic anhydrase activity in leaf extracts, measured as the rate of h+ production associated with the co2 hydration reaction, varied by as much as 25-fold when the assay buffer was varied. highest activities were usually recorded in barbitone buffer, with lower activities in imidazole, tricine, hepes, tris, and phosphate buffers. the greatest differences were observed with the enzyme isolated from leaves of the monocotyledonous plants zea mays (maize) and triticum aestivum (wheat). sm ... | 1991 | 1904692 |
| characterization and organization of gene families at the gli-1 loci of bread and durum wheats by restriction fragment analysis. | probes related to γ-gliadins and to the lmw subunits of glutenin were used to determine the complexity of the gli-1 loci, by rflp analysis of euploid and aneuploid lines of bread wheat cv chinese spring and durum wheat cv langdon. the two probes hybridised to separate sets of fragments derived from chromosomes 1 a, 1 b and 1d. the fragments related to the lmw subunit probe had a total copy number in hindiii digests of about 35 in chinese spring and 17 in langdon, with more fragments derived from ... | 1991 | 24202360 |
| nadh dehydrogenase: a new molecular marker for homoeology group 4 in triticeae. a map of the 4rs chromosome arm in rye. | structural gene loci encoding the monomeric isozymes nicotin adenin dinucleotide dehydrogenase (nadh dehydrogenase or ndh) have been located on the 4al, 4bα, and 4ds chromosome arms of triticum aestivum cv "chinese spring", on the 4rs chromosome arm of secale cereale cultivars "imperial", "king ii", "dakold," and "ailes," on the 4s(1) s/7s(1) chromosome of aegilops longissima, the 4e of elytrigia elongata, and the csu-a of aegilops umbellulata. all the results support the homoeologous relationsh ... | 1991 | 24202354 |
| effect of light and no(3) on wheat leaf phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity: evidence for covalent modulation of the c(3) enzyme. | phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepcase) activity was studied in excised leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in the dark and in the light, in presence of either n-free (low-no(3) (-) leaves) or 40 millimolar kno(3) (high-no(3) (-) leaves) nutrient solutions. pepcase activity increased to 2.7-fold higher than that measured in dark-adapted tissue (control) during the first 60 minutes and continued to increase more slowly to 3.8-fold that of the control. this level was reached after 200 minutes ... | 1991 | 16668573 |
| expression of three rnase activities during natural and dark-induced senescence of wheat leaves. | we have monitored the activities of rnases wl(a), wl(b), and wl(c) (a blank, ta mckeon [1991] plant physiol 97: 1402-1408) during leaf senescence in wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv chinese spring). when seedlings were induced to senesce in darkness, protein loss from primary leaves began immediately. rnase wl(b) activity was unchanged for 2 days and then rose linearly, reaching a sixfold elevation in 7 days. rnase wl(c) activity declined for 2 days and then rose linearly, reaching a twofold eleva ... | 1991 | 16668564 |
| three rnases in senescent and nonsenescent wheat leaves : characterization by activity staining in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. | we have described three rnases in wheat leaves (triticum aestivum l. cv chinese spring) and developed assays for measuring each rnase individually in crude leaf extracts. we initially used activity staining in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels to characterize rnases in extracts of primary and flag leaves. we thus identified acid rnase (ec 3.1.27.1, here designated rnase wl(a)), and two apparently novel enzymes, designated rnases wl(b) and wl(c). rnase wl(b) activity displays a distincti ... | 1991 | 16668563 |
| role of the root apoplasm for iron acquisition by wheat plants. | the role of the root apoplasm for iron acquisition was studied in wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv ares) grown in nutrient solution under controlled environmental conditions. to obtain different levels of fe in the root apoplasm, plants were supplied in the dark for 5 hours (preloading period) with various (59)fe-labeled fe compounds [fe(iii) hydroxide; microbial siderophores: fe rhodotorulic acid (ferda) and ferrioxamin (fedesferal(3)), and synthetic fe chelate (feeddha)], each at a concentration ... | 1991 | 16668547 |
| abrupt increase in the level of hydrogen peroxide in leaves of winter wheat is caused by cold treatment. | after cold treatment of seedlings of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.), levels of hydrogen peroxide in the leaves were measured. the concentration of hydrogen peroxide increased to about three times the control level within a few minutes, and returned to the normal level in 15 to 20 minutes. the elevated level of hydrogen peroxide was found to be equivalent to 1.5 micromoles per gram fresh weight tissues of leaves. | 1991 | 16668520 |