Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| persistence of seed bank under thick volcanic deposits twenty years after eruptions of mount usu, hokkaido island, japan. | the topsoil that contained the seed bank became buried under thick tephra after the eruptions of mount usu during 1977 and 1978. to determine the seed bank potential of the topsoil 20 yr after the eruptions, i.e., in 1998, 408 100-cm(3) samples were excavated under 115-185 cm of volcanic deposits. the topsoil was collected at 10-cm intervals along the horizontal scale and was divided into a 0-5 cm deep upper layer and a 5-10 cm deep lower layer. the seed bank was estimated by both the germinatio ... | 2001 | 21669614 |
| leaf shape and anatomy as indicators of phase change in the grasses: comparison of maize, rice, and bluegrass. | leaf morphology and anatomy during vegetative phase change was compared in bluegrass, rice, and maize. maize juvenile leaves are coated with epicuticular wax, lack specialized cells, such as trichomes and bulliform cells, and epidermal cell walls stain a uniform purple color. adult maize leaves are pubescent, lack epicuticular waxes, and have crenulated epidermal cell walls that stain purple and blue. all bluegrass and rice blades are pubescent, coated with epicuticular waxes, and show purple an ... | 2001 | 21669648 |
| changes in preoptic and hypothalamic levels of progesterone receptor mrna across the oestrous cycle of the ewe. | we measured the levels of progesterone receptor (pr) mrna in the hypothalamus and preoptic area (poa) of the ewe across the oestrous cycle. perfusion-fixed hypothalamic tissue was collected from sheep killed during the luteal and follicular phases and during behavioural oestrus. blood samples taken at the time of tissue collection verified that the oestrous ewes were undergoing a preovulatory luteinizing hormone (lh) surge. matched sections were taken from the poa, periventricular nucleus (pevn) ... | 2001 | 11328448 |
| sexual dimorphism of brain aromatase activity in medaka: induction of a female phenotype by estradiol. | in this study we identified sex-dependent dimorphism of brain aromatase in the teleost medaka and examined its regulation by sex steriods. we first investigated differential distribution of brain aromatase activity in sexually mature male and female medaka in serial coronal sections of the brain and identified the hypothalamic nuclei contained in each section using the brain atlas of medaka. in the brain of male medaka, high levels of activity are localized in sections containing the preoptic (p ... | 2001 | 11333187 |
| an accurate analytical approach to electron crystallography. | a much more accurate analytical expression of dynamical electron diffraction than the phase object approximation (poa) formula has been derived in this paper which decreases the restriction of sample thickness up to almost one order of magnitude compared to poa theory. the importance of the new expression is twofold. first, a sample with such a thickness that new expression remains valid can be prepared experimentally. second, the new expression reveals a clear and straightforward relationship b ... | 2001 | 11334165 |
| coumestrol antagonizes neuroendocrine actions of estrogen via the estrogen receptor alpha. | the phytoestrogen coumestrol has estrogenic actions on peripheral reproductive tissues. yet in the brain this compound has both estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects. we used estrogen receptor alpha knockout mice (eralphako) to determine whether coumestrol has estrogenic actions in mice and also if these effects are mediated by the classic eralpha. female wild-type (wt) and eralphako mice were ovariectomized and treated with estradiol (e2), dietary coumestrol, both, or neither compound. ten day ... | 2001 | 11368421 |
| kentucky bluegrass. | 2001 | 11379814 | |
| an equine mystery in the bluegrass. an epidemic is killing kentucky's finest foals. | 2001 | 11383129 | |
| increased noradrenaline release from rat preoptic area during and after sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia. | to study the effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on noradrenaline release from the rat preoptic area (poa). | 2001 | 11394514 |
| effects of food deprivation and refeeding on neuropeptide y (npy) mrna levels in goldfish. | in mammals, npy is a key factor in the regulation of feeding behavior. in the present study, the effects of refeeding for 1-3 h in 72-75-h food deprived (fd) goldfish on the levels of npy mrna in telencephalon-preoptic (tel-poa), hypothalamus (hyp) and optic tectum-thalamus (ot-thal) were examined, using northern blot analysis. goldfish fd for 72 h exhibited a significant increase in npy mrna levels in all brain regions. at 1 h after 72-h fd (73-h fd), npy mrna was significantly increased in tel ... | 2001 | 11399499 |
| incomplete ecdysis is an indicator of ecdysteroid exposure in daphnia magna. | daphnia magna were exposed for 21 d to the ecdysteroids, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-e), the accepted molting hormone, and ponasterone a (poa), an ecdysteroid found in some crustaceans and many plants. daphnids were monitored for alterations in molting, fecundity, and survival time. the 20-e elicited no significant effects on molting frequency, and its significant effects on reproduction were only at concentrations (260 nm) associated with premature death caused by incomplete ecdysis. we also examine ... | 2001 | 11434299 |
| aging-related increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cytotoxicity markers in rat hypothalamic regions associated with male reproductive function. | we have previously demonstrated that the inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) protein and total nos activity increase in the hypothalamus and other regions of the male rat brain during aging. we have now tested the hypothesis that increased inos results in excessive nitric oxide (no) and peroxynitrite production, and leads to increased apoptosis in cns cells, including the gnrh and oxytocin hypothalamic neurons involved in the control of male reproductive function. young (3-month-old) and old ... | 2001 | 11435753 |
| penicillin productivity and glutathione-dependent detoxification of phenylacetic and phenoxyacetic acids in penicillium chrysogenum. | both toxicity and penicillin productivity of the hydroxylated derivatives of phenylacetic acid (pa) and phenoxyacetic acid (poa) were highly dependent on the position of hydroxylation on the aromatic ring in penicillium chrysogenum. hydroxylation at position 2 diminished penicillin production but the compounds retained most of their toxicity. on the other hand, hydroxylation at position 4 resulted in barely toxic derivatives with still significant penicillin productivity. 3-hydroxy-pa was a weak ... | 2001 | 11441461 |
| tannins in puccinellia arctica: possible deterrents to herbivory by canada geese. | urban populations of canada geese, branta canadensis, pose a nuisance problem throughout most of the eastern united states and in other parts of the united states and canada. puccinellia arctica is a species of arctic grass that is unpalatable to canada geese on the north slope of alaska and may prove to be an effective long-term and nonlethal means of controlling the growing populations of urban canada geese. a comparative study of the secondary metabolites of both p. arctica and puccinellia la ... | 2001 | 11446296 |
| increased synaptic input to gonadotropin releasing hormone cells in preoptic area grafts that support reproductive development in female hypogonadal mice. | ultrastructural studies have established that gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) neuronal cell bodies receive sparse synaptic input compared to other neuronal cell types. in the present studies, immunocytochemistry for the presynaptic marker synaptophysin, coupled with confocal microscopy, was employed to evaluate whether there was a difference in synaptic input to gnrh cells within preoptic area grafts (hypogonadal, hpg; preoptic area, poa) in hypogonadal female mice that did or did not show ... | 2001 | 11207941 |
| direct innervation of gnrh neurons by encephalic photoreceptors in birds. | in nonmammalian vertebrates, photic cues that regulate the timing of seasonal reproductive cyclicity are detected by nonretinal, nonpineal deep brain photoreceptors. it has long been assumed that the underlying mechanism involves the transmission of photic information from the photoreceptor to a circadian system, and thence to the reproductive axis. an alternative hypothesis is that there is direct communication between the brain photoreceptor and the reproductive axis. in the present study, lig ... | 2001 | 11220777 |
| estrogen biphasically modifies hypothalamic gabaergic function concomitantly with negative and positive control of luteinizing hormone release. | the principal role of estrogen is its control of the female ovulatory cycle via negative and positive feedback on gonadotropin secretion. however, a detailed, cohesive picture of how the steroid specifically regulates the excitability of hypothalamic neurons involved in the central control of gonadotropin secretion is still emerging. here, we used an ovariectomized female guinea pig model to test the hypothesis that estrogen acts on gabaergic neurons in the preoptic area (poa) to elicit a biphas ... | 2001 | 11245692 |
| prenatal morphine exposure alters estrogen regulation of kappa receptors in the cortex and poa of adult female rats but has no effects on these receptors in adult male rats. | the binding characteristics of kappa receptors were assessed in the frontal cortex (cx), striatum, hypothalamus, preoptic area (poa), cerebellum, and ventral tegmental area of adult male and female rats exposed prenatally to morphine or saline. prenatal morphine exposure altered estrogen regulation of kappa receptors in the cx and poa of females, but had no effects on kappa receptors in any of the examined brain regions in male rats. | 2001 | 11245827 |
| inhibition of interleukin-1beta and prostaglandin e(2) thermogenesis by glycyl-glutamine, a pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptide. | interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) and other cytokines produce fever by stimulating prostaglandin e(2) (pge(2)) synthesis in thermoregulatory regions of the preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus (poa/ah). prostaglandin e(2) is thought to raise body temperature, at least in part, by stimulating beta-endorphin release from pro-opiomelanocortin neurons that innervate the poa/ah. in this study, we investigated whether glycyl-glutamine (beta-endorphin(30-31)), an inhibitory dipeptide synthesized from bet ... | 2001 | 11251208 |
| preoptic area sleep-regulating mechanisms. | evidence is summarized for the existence of a sleep-regulating mechanism within the preoptic area of the hypothalamus, including the results of lesion, stimulation, and neuronal recording studies. recent findings employing the c-fos protein immunohistochemical method, have localized putative sleep-regulatory neurons to the ventrolateral preoptic area (vlpoa) and the median preoptic nucleus (mnpn). electrophysiological studies have confirmed the presence of neurons with sleep-related discharge in ... | 2001 | 11256189 |
| involvement of antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in the adaptation of two cool-season grasses to localized drought stress. | in natural environments, drought often occurs in surface soil while water is available for plant uptake deeper in the soil profile. the objective of the study was to examine the involvement of antioxidant metabolism and lipid peroxidation in the responses of two cool-season grasses to surface soil drying. kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l) and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) were grown in split tubes, consisting of two sections (each 10 cm in diameter and 20 cm long). grasses were su ... | 2001 | 11275219 |
| evidence from action and fluorescence spectra that uv-induced violet-blue-green fluorescence enhances leaf photosynthesis. | we assessed the contribution of uv-induced violet-blue-green leaf fluorescence to photosynthesis in poa annua, sorghum halepense and nerium oleander by measuring uv-induced fluorescence spectra (280-380 nm excitation, 400-550 nm emission) from leaf surfaces and determining the monochromatic uv action spectra for leaf photosynthetic o2-evolution. peak fluorescence emission wavelengths from leaf surfaces ranged from violet (408 nm) to blue (448 nm), while excitation peaks for these maxima ranged f ... | 2001 | 11281021 |
| effects of calcium on antioxidant activities and water relations associated with heat tolerance in two cool-season grasses. | calcium (ca2+) may be involved in plant tolerance to heat stress by regulating antioxidant metabolism or/and water relations. this study was designed to examine whether external ca2+ treatment would improve heat tolerance in two c(3), cool-season grass species, tall fescue (festuca arundinacea l.) and kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.), and to determine the physiological mechanisms of ca2+ effects on grass tolerance to heat stress. grasses were treated with cacl(2) (10 mm) or h(2)o by foliar ... | 2001 | 11283179 |
| isolation and characterization of major glycoproteins of pigeon egg white: ubiquitous presence of unique n-glycans containing galalpha1-4gal. | ovotransferrin (pot), two ovalbumins (poa(hi) and poa(lo)), and ovomucoid (pom) were isolated from pigeon egg white (pew). unlike their chicken egg white counterparts, pew glycoproteins contain terminal galalpha1-4gal, as evidenced by gs-i lectin (specific for terminal alpha-gal), anti-p(1) (galalpha1-4galbeta1-4glcnacbeta1-3galbeta1-4glcbeta1-1cer) monoclonal antibody, and p fimbriae on uropathogenic escherichia coli (specific for galalpha1-4gal). galalpha1-4gal on pew glycoproteins were found ... | 2001 | 11287422 |
| effects of neonatal exposure to a high-dose p-tert-octylphenol on the male reproductive tract in rats. | time-course alterations in morphological changes of the reproductive tract including spermatogenesis as well as pituitary and gonadal hormones, reproductive ability, and the size of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (sdn-poa) were investigated in male rats neonatally exposed to 100 mg/kg p-tert-octylphenol (op) subcutaneously. op treatment affected hormone levels of follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) and testosterone, reproductive organ weights and sperm counts. slightly depres ... | 2001 | 11312034 |
| estrogen receptor beta regulates sexually dimorphic neural responses to estradiol. | estrogen receptors (ers) mediate many sexual dimorphisms in the neuroendocrine system and in behavior. we examined the consequences of the loss of functional estrogen receptor beta (erbeta) on two sexually differentiated neural responses to estrogen. in wild type (wt) male mice, but not in females, estradiol (e(2)) treatment decreased estrogen receptor alpha immunoreactive (eralpha-ir) cell numbers in the arcuate nucleus (arc), the preoptic area (poa), and the ventromedial nucleus (vmn). these s ... | 2001 | 11145618 |
| neuroendocrine regulation of sexually dimorphic brain structure and associated sexual behavior in male rats is genetically controlled. | steroid hormones, particularly 17beta-estradiol (e2), regulate the development and expression of neural structures and sexual behavior. recently, we demonstrated that e2-regulated responses are controlled by quantitative trait loci. in this study, we quantified 1) volume of the sexually dimorphic nucleus (sdn) of the preoptic area (poa); 2) medial basal hypothalamic (mbh)-poa aromatase and 5alpha-reductase enzyme activities during prenatal development and in adults; 3) serum lh, testosterone, fs ... | 2001 | 11159360 |
| insulin-like growth factor-1 regulation of alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor signaling is estradiol dependent in the preoptic area and hypothalamus of female rats. | recently, we demonstrated that estradiol (e(2)) modulates cross-talk between protein tyrosine kinases and norepinephrine (ne) receptor signaling in the hypothalamus (hyp) and preoptic area (poa), brain areas that govern female reproductive function. we are now investigating the identity of protein tyrosine kinase(s) that modify ne receptor signaling in the hyp and poa. incubation of poa and hyp slices with insulin-like growth factor i (igf-i), which signals via a receptor (igf-ir) with endogenou ... | 2001 | 11159830 |
| ecotoxicological evaluation of three deicers (nacl, nafo, cma)-effect on terrestrial organisms. | the use of chemical deicers such as sodium chloride (nacl) has increased significantly during the past three decades. deicers induce metal corrosion and alter the physicochemical properties of soils and water. environmental damage caused by the use of nacl has prompted government agencies to find alternative deicers. this article presents a comparative ecotoxicological study of three deicers on soil organisms. sodium formiate (nafo) and calcium-magnesium acetate (cma) are the most interesting co ... | 2001 | 11161687 |
| involvement of central histaminergic neurons in polypnea induced by hyperthermia in rabbits. | a role of central histamine in the preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (poa/ah) for the regulation of hyperthermia-induced polypnea was examined in anesthetized, paralyzed, vagotomized and artificially ventilated rabbits. phrenic nerve activities were recorded to monitor respiratory neuronal output. hyperthermia increased respiratory frequency by reductions of inspiratory time (t(i)) and expiratory time (t(e)). pyrilamine, an h1 receptor antagonist, which was applied to the poa/ah reduced polypn ... | 2001 | 11163292 |
| low-sexually performing rams but not male-oriented rams can be discriminated by cell size in the amygdala and preoptic area: a morphometric study. | brain regions of male sheep behaviorally classified as high-sexually performing (n=10), low-sexually performing (n=8) or male-oriented (n=9) were examined to determine if differences in reproductive behavior were associated with differences in density or sizes of neurons. high-sexually performing rams actively mounted estrous ewes, low-sexually performing rams failed to mount or had long latencies to mounting estrous ewes, and male-oriented rams mounted other rams in preference to ewes in estrus ... | 2001 | 11164521 |
| role of preoptic and anterior hypothalamic cholinergic input on water intake and body temperature. | to elucidate the role played by cholinergic mechanism in the preoptic area (poa) and anterior hypothalamus (ah) in the control of body temperature and water intake of rats, we used microdialysis without disturbing the behavior of unanesthetized animals. after microdialysis, we also investigated immunoreactivity for c-fos protein in the hypothalamus. stimulation with neostigmine, an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor, through microdialysis probe increased extracellular concentration of acetylcholin ... | 2001 | 11166703 |
| computed free energy differences between point mutations in a collagen-like peptide. | we studied the results of mutating alanine --> glycine at three positions of a collagen-like peptide in an effort to develop a computational method for predicting the energetic and structural effects of a single point genetic mutation in collagen, which is associated with the clinical diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta (oi). the differences in free energy of denaturation were calculated between the collagen-like peptides [(pog)(4)(poa)(pog)(4)](3) and [(pog)(10)](3) (pog: proline-hydroxyprolin ... | 2001 | 11169394 |
| distribution and regulation by oestrogen of fully processed and variant transcripts of gonadotropin releasing hormone i and gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor mrnas in the male chicken. | the aim of this study was to increase understanding of the occurrence and regulation of chicken gonadotropin releasing hormone i (cgnrh i) and chicken gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (cgnrh-r) mrna variants in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis (hpta). the study was carried out in the cockerel. fully processed cgnrh i mrna (cgnrh ia) and a variant transcript (cgnrh ib) with a retained intron 1 were observed in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamus (poa), the basal hypothalamus, ante ... | 2001 | 11123514 |
| steroid hormone influence on brain calbindin-d(28k) in male prepubertal and ovariectomized rats. | calbindin-d(28k) (calb), a calcium-binding protein, is thought to buffer intracellular calcium levels in neurons playing several important roles during central nervous system development such as, protecting against apoptosis (programmed cell death), neurodegenerative diseases and influencing sexually dimorphic brain structures. while preliminary research indicates that calbindin levels are modulated by steroids, there has not yet been a comprehensive study to determine the role androgens, androg ... | 2001 | 11506857 |
| projections from the arcuate/ventromedial region of the hypothalamus to the preoptic area and bed nucleus of stria terminalis in the brain of the ewe; lack of direct input to gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons. | this study aimed to determine whether cells in the region of the arcuate and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei (arc/vmh) project to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) cells in the preoptic area (poa) and diagonal band of broca (dbb) of the female sheep brain. an anterograde tracer, biotinylated dextran amine (bda), was injected (70 nl) into the arc/vmh (n=7) and the brains were perfused 3 weeks later. bda terminals were mainly found in the dbb, poa and bed nucleus of stria terminalis (bnst ... | 2001 | 11516406 |
| the noradrenergic inhibition of an apamin-sensitive, small-conductance ca2+-activated k+ channel in hypothalamic gamma-aminobutyric acid neurons: pharmacology, estrogen sensitivity, and relevance to the control of the reproductive axis. | the present study sought to determine whether small-conductance, ca2+-activated k+ currents underlie the afterhyperpolarization (ahp) in neurons of the preoptic area (poa), a brain region important in controlling reproduction. we used an ovariectomized, female guinea pig model to test two hypotheses: 1) the current associated with the ahp (i(ahp)) regulates the firing rate of poa neurons and 2) amine neurotransmitters modulate it in a gonadal steroid-sensitive manner. intracellular recordings fo ... | 2001 | 11561059 |
| rna-binding properties of the 63 kda protein encoded by the triple gene block of poa semilatent hordeivirus. | the 63 kda '63k' movement protein encoded by the triple gene block of poa semilatent virus (pslv) comprises the c-terminal ntpase/helicase domain and the n-terminal extension domain, which contains two positively charged sequence motifs, a and b. in this study, the in vitro rna-binding properties of pslv 63k and its mutants were analysed. membrane-immobilized 63k and n-63k (isolated n-terminal extension domain) bound rna at high nacl concentrations. in contrast, c-63k (isolated ntpase/helicase d ... | 2001 | 11562549 |
| altered sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (sdn-poa) volume in adult long-evans rats by dietary soy phytoestrogens. | naturally occurring estrogen-like molecules in plants (phytoestrogens), present via soy, in animal diets can alter morphology and physiology in rodents. phytoestrogens have the ability to bind estrogen receptors and exert many of the biological responses evoked by physiological estrogens. this study characterized the effects of dietary phytoestrogens on the expression of body and prostate weight, circulating testosterone and estradiol levels, puberty onset, vaginal cyclicity, and volume of the s ... | 2001 | 11578601 |
| development of a field bioassay for the side-effects of herbicides on vascular plants using brassica napus and poa annua. | a field bioassay method has been developed for assessing side-effects of herbicides on brassica napus and poa annua. the test method aims at effects outside the target area, up to 20 m from the treated parcel. experiments were conducted in the field and in a glasshouse with the herbicides atrazin, bentazone, diquat, glyphosate, and r(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid) mcpa. an iterative procedure was used with the aim of developing a sound test procedure. the resulting method appeared to be ve ... | 2001 | 11594026 |
| prostanoids in the preoptic hypothalamus mediate systemic lipopolysaccharide-induced hyperalgesia in rats. | the systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (lps), an experimental model of systemic bacterial infection is known to modulate nociception. it increases the prostaglandin e(2) (pge(2)) levels in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus (poa) and the microinjection of pge(2) into the poa and the neighboring basal forebrain induces hyperalgesia. we, therefore, hypothesized that the pge(2) synthesized in these regions mediates intravenous (i.v.) lps-induced hyperalgesia. to test this hypothesis, ... | 2001 | 11597589 |
| black cutworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larval emigration and biomass in mixtures of endophytic perennial ryegrass and kentucky bluegrass. | studies examined the possibility that mixtures of endophytic perennial ryegrass and kentucky bluegrass provide resistance against larvae of the black cutworm, agrotis ipsilon (hufnagel). we hypothesized that resistance against a. ipsilon in such stands would stem from the influence of kentucky bluegrass on a. ipsilon growth and behavior rather than the influence of endophytic perennial rvegrass. in replicated greenhouse experiments, black cutworm larvae initially emigrated more quickly from pots ... | 2001 | 11681682 |
| profiling gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba(a)) receptor subunit mrna expression in postnatal gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) neurons of the male mouse with single cell rt-pcr. | the present investigation has examined which subunits of the gaba(a) receptor are expressed by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) neurons in the juvenile and adult male mouse. cells of defined morphology, located in the medial septum (ms) and rostral preoptic area (poa), were patch-clamped in the acute brain slice preparation and their cell contents extracted. a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) procedure using nested primers was used to establish individual gnrh mrna-e ... | 2001 | 11694762 |
| prenatal exposure of testosterone prevents sdn-poa neurons of postnatal male rats from apoptosis through nmda receptor. | the role of n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor in mediating the effect of testosterone exposure prenatally on neuronal apoptosis in the sexual dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (sdn-poa) of rats was studied. the endogenous testosterone was diminished by prenatal stress (pns) or simulated by testosterone exposure (te) to understand the effect of testosterone on nr(1) (a functional subunit protein of nmda receptor) expression and neuronal apoptosis. to further study whether the testosterone ... | 2001 | 11698527 |
| dynamic changes in luteinizing hormone releasing hormone transcriptional activity are associated with the steroid-induced lh surge. | luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (lhrh) gene transcription was examined in ovariectomized female rats on the day of a steroid-induced lh surge using the rnase protection assay. lhrh mrna levels were measured in cytosolic extracts, and lhrh primary transcript levels were measured in nuclear extracts prepared from tissue fragments that contained the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (ovlt) and the preoptic area (poa). measurements of both mature and primary transcript levels demonst ... | 2001 | 11730703 |
| orexins/hypocretins excite basal forebrain cholinergic neurones. | the orexins (orexin a and b, also known as hypocretin 1 and 2) are two recently identified neuropeptides (de lecea et al., 1998; sakurai et al., 1998) which are importantly implicated in the control of wakefulness (for reviews see hungs and mignot, 2001; van den pol, 2000; willie et al., 2001 ). indeed, alteration in these peptides' precursor, their receptors or the hypothalamic neurones that produce them leads to the sleep disorder narcolepsy (chemelli et al., 1999; lin et al., 1999; peyron et ... | 2001 | 11734353 |
| immunochemical characterization of two pichia pastoris-derived recombinant group 5 dactylis glomerata isoallergens. | grass pollen of the poaceae grasses are known to be highly allergenic. major allergens from the species lolium, phleum, poa and holcus have been cloned and expressed as recombinant proteins, but of the important species dactylis glomerata no recombinants are available. | 2001 | 11752876 |
| changes in fos expression in various brain regions during deoxycorticosterone acetate treatment: relation to salt appetite, vasopressin mrna and the mineralocorticoid receptor. | salt appetite, a conditioning factor for hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, is produced when high doses of mineralocorticoids are given to experimental animals. a commonly used procedure to identify neuronal activation is to determine the number of fos-immunoreactive cells. in rats with established salt appetite after 8 days of deoxycorticosterone acetate (doca) treatment, fos-positive cells were studied in seven brain areas. significant increases in fos activity were recorded in the para ... | 2001 | 11752896 |
| environmental residues and biomonitoring estimates of human insecticide exposure from treated residential turf. | intentional and unavoidable human exposure is a consequence of using pesticides to nurture and protect residential turf. limited exposure studies have been conducted for assessing potential human exposure of turf residues. exposure was measured in persons who performed a 20-minute structured activity (jazzercise) on chlorpyrifos (cp)-treated kentucky bluegrass (12 +/- 4 microg cp/cm(2)). cp exposure was measured by determining urine clearance of the 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (tcp). study parti ... | 2001 | 11462149 |
| the endocrine disrupters butyl benzyl phthalate and bisphenol a increase the expression of progesterone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the preoptic area of adult ovariectomized rats. | butyl benzyl phthalate (bbp) and bisphenol a (bpa), so-called endocrine disrupters, are known to mimic the action of estrogens: they are thus liable to influence reproductive functions. since little is known about their action on gene expression in the adult hypothalamus, we examined the effects of these chemicals on the expression of estrogen-regulated mrnas, i.e., progesterone receptor (pr) mrna, preproenkephalin (ppe) mrna and neurotensin (nt) mrna, in the hypothalamus and pituitary of adult ... | 2001 | 11474214 |
| seasonal leaching and biodegradation of dicamba in turfgrass. | the leaching of surface-applied herbicides, such as dicamba (2methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid), to ground water is an environmental concern. seasonal changes in soil temperature and water content, affecting infiltration and biodegradation, may control leaching. the objectives of this study were to (i) investigate the leaching of dicamba applied to turfgrass, (ii) measure the degradation rate of dicamba in soil and thatch in the laboratory under simulated field conditions, and (iii) test the abi ... | 2001 | 11476515 |
| alterations in hypothalamic insulin-like growth factor-i and its associations with gonadotropin releasing hormone neurones during reproductive development and ageing. | insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) is thought to play a role in the onset of reproductive ability at puberty and the control of reproductive function throughout adult life. it is believed that these effects are mediated at least in part by the activation of gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) neurones by igf-i, but the interactions of igf-i with gnrh neurones in vivo are largely unknown. we first examined the anatomical relationship between gnrh and igf-i cells in neuroendocrine regions. usi ... | 2001 | 11489090 |
| extracellular serotonin variations during vigilance states in the preoptic area of rats: a microdialysis study. | numerous studies have shown that serotonergic transmission decreases from waking (w) to slow wave sleep (sws) to paradoxical sleep (ps), suggesting an active role of serotonin (5-ht) in w but not in sleep. conversely, the inhibition of 5-ht activity produces insomnia. this insomnia can be reversed by injections of 5-hydroxytryptophan in the preoptic area (poa), suggesting that 5-ht is necessary in this cerebral structure for sleep. using microdialysis, we studied, 5-ht variations in the poa of r ... | 2001 | 11489253 |
| vasopressin into the preoptic area increases grooming behavior in mice. | in mice, the neuropeptide arginine-8-vasopressin (avp) induces excessive grooming, scratching, and hyperactivity when administered intracerebroventricularly. in hamsters, avp infusion into the medial preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (mpoa/ah) increases flank marking and flank mark grooming. we measured the behavioral effects of administration of avp (0, 1, and 10 ng/250 nl) into the preoptic area (poa) of male c57bl/6 mice. administration of avp into the poa induced robust effects on grooming ... | 2001 | 11495648 |
| the modified bluegrass appliance. | 2001 | 11764604 | |
| supplementing pasture to lactating holsteins fed a total mixed ration diet. | beginning in september 1997, a 6-week study was conducted to compare performance and income-over-feed cost of lactating holsteins cows fed either a total mixed ration diet (tmr) only, compared to tmr in the afternoon and pasture in the morning, or tmr in the morning and pasture in the afternoon. fifty-four holstein cows in midlactation, averaging 28.1 kg/d of milk, were used in the study. cows were on pasture for 8 h/d after either the p.m. or the a.m. milking. predominantly orchardgrass with le ... | 2001 | 11768087 |
| seasonal activity and spatial distribution of host-seeking adults of the tick dermacentor variabilis. | the seasonal temporal and spatial distribution and emergence of overwintering and summer cohorts of host-seeking american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis (say) (acari: ixodidae), adults were examined for 5 years in the bluegrass region of kentucky. weekly drag cloth sampling was conducted from early march until late september 1992-1995 and early march until the end of may 1996. overwintering adult cohorts became active in early to mid-april followed by bimodal host-seeking activity each year, w ... | 2001 | 11776460 |
| association of insects and ergot (claviceps purpurea) in kentucky bluegrass seed production fields. | insects in kentucky bluegrass seed production fields in oregon, idaho, and washington were sampled just before harvest and their association with ergot conidia of claviceps purpurea fr. (tul.) was evaluated during 1996-1998. a diversity of insects was observed at all three locations. the most abundant beneficial insects collected with sweep nets were nysium spp., nabis spp., ichneumonid wasps, and hippodamia spp. the cranberry girdler, chrysoteuchia topiaria (zeller), was the only important pest ... | 2001 | 11777051 |
| the glutathione metabolism of the beta-lactam producer filamentous fungus penicillium chrysogenum. | glutathione (gamma-l-glutamyl-l-cysteinyl-glycine; gsh) shares structural similarities with the beta-lactam biosynthetic intermediate acv-tripeptide (delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine). not surprisingly, gsh has been reported to inhibit the beta-lactam biosynthetic machinery quite effectively and, hence, strategies to decrease the intracellular gsh concentrations without influencing negatively the physiological status of idiophasic mycelia would attract industrial interests. here ... | 2001 | 11791340 |
| sexually dimorphic effect of glutamate treatment on cell cycle arrestment of astrocytes from the preoptic area of neonatal rats. | neurotoxicological studies have indicated that l-glutamate exhibits more pronounced effects on the preoptic area (poa) neurons of male rats than on those of females in the neonatal period. however, no information has previously been available as to whether or not such sexual dimorphism also exists for the effects of glutamate on astrocytes from poa. the present paper reports the differential effects of l-glutamate on astrocytes isolated from poa of neonatal male and female rats. the proliferatio ... | 2001 | 11872940 |
| brain structures and mechanisms involved in the generation of nrem sleep: focus on the preoptic hypothalamus. | four lines of research have greatly increased our understanding of the hypothalamic preoptic area (poa) sleep-promoting system. first, sleep-active neurons within the poa have been identified using both electrophysiological recording and immediate early gene protein (c-fos) staining methods. segregated sleep-active neurons were found in ventrolateral and median poa (vlpo and mnpn). additional sleep-active neurons may be intermixed with non-sleep specific neurons in other poa regions and the adja ... | 2001 | 12530996 |
| suffer the little children: fixed intraoral habit appliances for treating childhood thumbsucking habits: a critical review of the literature. | a critical review of the literature is presented covering the treatment of childhood thumbsucking habits using fixed intraoral habit appliances (hayrake, palatal crib). the habit appliances are classified into type and function. data is tabulated for key references revealing the fragmented and distorted nature of the literature and its lack of consistency. a chronological approach is presented to confirm the confused and idiosyncratic character of the literature. information is provided on the e ... | 2002 | 12572258 |
| linkage mapping in apomictic and sexual kentucky bluegrass ( poa pratensis l.) genotypes using a two way pseudo-testcross strategy based on aflp and sampl markers. | the high versatility of the mode of reproduction and the retention of a pollen recognition system are the factors responsible for the extreme complexity of the genome in poa pratensis l. two genetic maps, one of an apomictic and one of a sexual genotype, were constructed using a two-way pseudo-testcross strategy and multiplex pcr-based molecular markers (aflp and sampl). due to the high ploidy level and the uncertainty of chromosome pairing-behavior at meiosis, only parent-specific single-dose m ... | 2002 | 12582697 |
| growth-promoting activity of pyrazinoic acid, a putative active compound of antituberculosis drug pyrazinamide, in niacin-deficient rats through the inhibition of acmsd activity. | we have recently reported that the antituberculosis drug, pyrazinamide (pza), caused a significant increase in the conversion ratio of tryptophan to niacin in rats. in the present work, we investigated whether or not pyrazinoic acid (poa), a putative metabolite of pza, increased the conversion ratio of tryptophan to niacin. weaning rats were fed with a niacin-free and tryptophan-limited diet (negative control diet), or with the negative control diet supplemented with 0.003% nicotinic acid (posit ... | 2002 | 12224625 |
| ontogenic origin of salmon gnrh neurons in the ventral telencephalon and the preoptic area in masu salmon. | during the ontogeny of masu salmon oncorhynchus masou, neurons producing the salmon type of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (sgnrh) were first detected in the olfactory epithelium of the eyed egg and, subsequently, in the brain, suggesting a migration of these cells. among sgnrh neurons distributed from the olfactory nerve (on) through the preoptic area (poa), those in the ventral telencephalon (vt) and the poa are indicated to regulate gonadotropin secretion. thus, it is of interest to know whet ... | 2002 | 12225767 |
| copper toxicity thresholds for important restoration grass species of the western united states. | copper toxicity thresholds for plant species that are used in restoration activities in western north america have not been established. as a result, ecological risk assessments must rely on toxicity thresholds established for agronomic species, which usually differ from those of species used in restoration. thus, risk assessors have the potential for classifying sites as phytotoxic to perennial, nonagronomic species and calling for intensive remediation activities that may not be necessary. the ... | 2002 | 12463566 |
| quality assessment of multiple alignment programs. | a renewed interest in the multiple sequence alignment problem has given rise to several new algorithms. in contrast to traditional progressive methods, computationally expensive score optimization strategies are now predominantly employed. we systematically tested four methods (poa, dialign, t-coffee and clustalw) for the speed and quality of their alignments. as test sequences we used structurally derived alignments from balibase and synthetic alignments generated by rose. the tests included al ... | 2002 | 12354624 |
| discrete electrolytic lesion of the preoptic area prevents lps-induced behavioral fever in toads. | the preoptic area (poa) plays an important role in fever in mammals, but the role of this region in fever in ectothermic vertebrates has never been assessed. toads, like all ectotherms, regulate their body temperature (t(b)) primarily by behavior and develop behavioral fever when injected with lipopolysaccharide (lps). therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the poa plays a role in the behavioral fever induced by lps in the toad bufo paracnemis. we made electrolytic lesions in the poa of toads ... | 2002 | 12364403 |
| sexual experience interacts with steroid exposure to shape the partner preferences of rats. | a three-phase experiment manipulated sexual experience and hormone exposure (perinatally and in adulthood) in female rats housed individually from weaning so as to limit peripubertal social and sexual experience. noncontact partner preference for a male or estrous female rat was measured both before and after sexual experience, first while rats were under the influence of circulating testosterone propionate (tp) and later after priming them with ovarian hormones (estradiol benzoate and progester ... | 2002 | 12367568 |
| export of manure phosphorus and nitrogen in turfgrass sod. | regulatory mandates have increased demand for best management practices (bmps) that will reduce nutrient loading on watersheds impaired by excess manure p and n. export of manure p and n in turfgrass sod harvests is one bmp under consideration. this study quantified amounts and percentages of p and n removed in a sod harvest for different rates of manure and inorganic p and n. six treatments comprised an unfertilized control, two manure rates with and without supplemental inorganic n, and inorga ... | 2002 | 12371193 |
| nitrogen dynamics in the intact grasses poa trivialis and panicum maximum receiving contrasting supplies of nitrogen. | the c(3) grass poa trivialis and the c(4) grass panicum maximum were grown in sand culture and received a complete nutrient solution with nitrogen supplied as 1.5 mol m(-3) nh(4)no(3). (15)n tracer techniques were used to quantify the relative use of root uptake and mobilization in supplying nitrogen to growing leaves in intact plants which either continued to receive nitrogen or which received the complete nutrient solution without nitrogen. the allocation of both (15)n-labelled nitrogen uptake ... | 2002 | 12379783 |
| roles of estrogen receptor alpha and androgen receptor in the regulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. | in brain and peripheral tissues, steroid hormones regulate nitric oxide synthase (nnos). we asked whether estrogen receptor-alpha (eralpha) and/or androgen receptor (ar) regulated nnos immunoreactivity in mouse brain. first, we quantified cells singly labeled for nnos immunoreactivity or labeled dually with eralpha-immunoreactive (-ir) or ar-ir cells in the nucleus accumbens (acb), preoptic area (poa), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (bnst), posterior dorsal and posterior ventral regions of ... | 2002 | 12389206 |
| patterns of contamination among vascular plants exposed to local sources of polychlorinated biphenyls in the canadian arctic and subarctic. | polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) concentrations were examined in 1043 arctic vascular plant specimens comprising 31 genera and the soils they grew in. the samples were collected at 61 abandoned military and coast guard sites across the canadian arctic and subarctic and in nine remote background locations. genus-specific differences in pcb uptake, partitioning of pcbs among different plant tissues, and congener-specific uptake of pcbs were examined. mean pcb concentrations and plant vs. soil regres ... | 2002 | 12389793 |
| neuroendocrine plasticity in gnrh release during rat estrous cycle: correlation with molecular markers of synaptic remodeling. | morphological changes in the gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) neurons in the preoptic area (poa) and their terminals in the median eminence-arcuate (me-arc) region are reported to occur during ovarian cycle that may be involved in the gnrh release into the portal blood during preovulatory surge. however, the neuronal substrates participating in altered gnrh neuronal plasticity are poorly understood. the present study was designed to determine whether morphological changes occurring in the g ... | 2002 | 12393229 |
| colocalization of progesterone receptors in parvicellular dynorphin neurons of the ovine preoptic area and hypothalamus. | recent evidence suggests that the dynorphin-kappa receptor opioid system acts to mediate the inhibitory effect of progesterone (p) on gnrh pulse frequency during the luteal phase of the ovine estrous cycle. it is known that progesterone receptors (prs) are required for the actions of p on gnrh secretion. therefore, if p acts directly on dynorphin (dyn) neurons, then these neurons should contain prs. to test this hypothesis, we used a dual-label immunoperoxidase procedure to visualize prs and dyn ... | 2002 | 12399433 |
| [biological properties of polyoxyalkanoates in chronic experiments in vivo]. | chronic experiments on mature wistar rats studied the biological properties of suture threads from two types of polyoxyalkanoates (poa), such as polyoxybutyrate (pob) and the copolymer of pob and polyoxyvalerate (pov) (pob/pov) as compared to the conventional surgical material (silk and catgut). the physiological and biochemical parameters that reflect the status of the animals, including their behaviour, height and development, the weight of the body and viscera, the morphology of peripheral bl ... | 2002 | 12400116 |
| dopamine activates noradrenergic receptors in the preoptic area. | dopamine (da) facilitates male sexual behavior and modulates aromatase activity in the quail preoptic area (poa). aromatase neurons in the poa receive dopaminergic inputs, but the anatomical substrate that mediates the behavioral and endocrine effects of da is poorly understood. intracellular recordings showed that 100 microm da hyperpolarizes most neurons in the medial preoptic nucleus (80%) by a direct effect, but depolarizes a few others (10%). da-induced hyperpolarizations were not blocked b ... | 2002 | 12417657 |
| [variation in seed yield components among varieties of poa pratensis]. | seed yield and its characteristics of 28 varieties of poa pratensis in field plots at lanzhou, china were evaluated in 2001. the results showed that the seed yields among the varieties were significantly different (p < 0.01) by lsd test. the highest yield was 643.4-650.2 kg.hm-2 obtained from varieties of balin and monoply, the lowest was 90.1 kg.hm-2 obtained from elysee, and the other varieties were in the middle groups with the yields varied from 114.7 kg.hm-2 to 435.1 kg.hm-2. correlation an ... | 2002 | 12418253 |
| endophytic fungal beta-1,6-glucanase expression in the infected host grass. | mutualistic fungal endophytes infect many grass species and often confer benefits to the hosts such as reduced herbivory by insects and animals. the physiological interactions between the endophytes and their hosts have not been well characterized. fungal-secreted proteins are likely to be important components of the interaction. in the interaction between poa ampla and the endophyte neotyphodium sp., a fungal beta-1,6-glucanase is secreted into the apoplast, and activity of the enzyme is detect ... | 2002 | 12427996 |
| differential sensitivities of pyrogenic chemokine fevers to cyclooxygenase isozymes antibodies. | it has been proposed that prostaglandin (pg)e(2) production via a process catalyzed by the inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase (cox)-2 and activation of specific pge(2) receptor subtypes within the preoptic/anterior hypothalamus (ah/poa) is the last step and unique pathway in the induction of a fever. however, many data support the existence of a pg-independent pathway. that is, other more rapid mechanisms, which involve the constitutive cox-1 isozyme, may be more critical for a pg-dependent fev ... | 2002 | 12431747 |
| long-distance movement, virulence, and rna silencing suppression controlled by a single protein in hordei- and potyviruses: complementary functions between virus families. | rna silencing is a natural defense mechanism against genetic stress factors, including viruses. a mutant hordeivirus (barley stripe mosaic virus [bsmv]) lacking the gammab gene was confined to inoculated leaves in nicotiana benthamiana, but systemic infection was observed in transgenic n. benthamiana expressing the potyviral silencing suppressor protein hcpro, suggesting that the gammab protein may be a long-distance movement factor and have antisilencing activity. this was shown for gammab prot ... | 2002 | 12438624 |
| role of the progesterone receptor in restrained glutamic acid decarboxylase gene expression in the hypothalamus during the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge. | previous work by our laboratory demonstrated that activation of the progesterone receptor through exogenous administration of progesterone suppressed glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 (gad(67)) mrna in the hypothalamus of the estrogen-primed ovariectomized rat. since gad(67) is the major synthetic enzyme for the inhibitory transmitter, gamma-aminobutyric acid, the finding raised the possibility that the endogenous activation of the progesterone receptor may act to restrain gad(67) expression during ... | 2002 | 12457039 |
| [allergy tests in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis]. | the aim of this study is to show positive allergy test od tree pollen, grass pollen and weed pollen in children with season allergic rhinitis. in the study is comprised 335 children, which are tested in pulmoallergologic out-patient department of paediatric clinic in sarajevo in last three years from march 1999 to march 2002 year. in testing was used prick-test with bencard firm allergen. criterion for positive reaction was urtica, which appear 20 minutes after testing, with diameter equal or bi ... | 2002 | 12762239 |
| decrease of serotonin and metabolite in the forebrain and facilitation of lordosis by dorsal raphe nucleus lesions in male rats. | in castrated male rats, a radiofrequency lesion was made in the dorsal raphe nucleus (drl) and lordosis behavior was observed following treatment with estrogen. after the behavioral test, brains were removed and the contents of 5-ht and 5-hiaa in the forebrain were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography (hplc). in the results, only 2 of 16 control males without brain surgery showed lordosis, and the mean lordosis quotient (lq) was extremely low when compared to that in control females. ... | 2002 | 12507276 |
| cell migration and evolutionary significance of gnrh subtypes. | hypothetically it can be assumed that in advanced teleost fishes, gnrh-iii and gnrh-iv neurons migrate along the 'telencephalonic' (anterior) and 'diencephalonic' (posterior) migratory route, which perhaps fuses in primitive teleost fishes and land vertebrates to form the 'ancient migratory route' (in all probability = nervus terminalis; see von bartheld et al., 1988) of gnrh-i neurons. the difference in distribution pattern of gnrh forms in the vertebrate brain is due to distinct embryonic orig ... | 2002 | 12508557 |
| role of catecholaminergic terminals in the preoptic area in behavioural thermoregulation in rats. | this study was conducted to find out the role of the catecholaminergic terminals in the preoptic area (poa) in selection of ambient temperature in rats. the adult male wistar rats (n = 6) were allowed to choose between three ambient temperatures (24 degrees c, 27 degrees c and 30 degrees c). rats could move about freely from one ambient temperature to another, in a specially designed environmental chamber having three interconnected compartments, which were maintained at the above mentioned temp ... | 2002 | 12683218 |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) regulation of gnrh secretion in sheep. | the frequency and amplitude of gnrh and lh pulses are variable and controlled by both external environmental and internal physiological factors. however, the specific neurochemical-neuroanatomical pathways that control the basal pulsatile and surge patterns, and mediate responses to environmental and physiological factors are poorly defined. the gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) secretory system is one of several that modulate gnrh and lh. gaba release in the preoptic area (poa) preceding the onset ... | 2002 | 12698970 |
| ovarian steroid regulation of monoamine oxidase-a and -b mrnas in the macaque dorsal raphe and hypothalamic nuclei. | the serotonin neural system plays a pivotal role in mood, affective regulation and integrative cognition, as well as numerous autonomic functions. we have shown that ovarian steroids alter the expression of several genes in the dorsal raphe of macaques, which may increase serotonin synthesis and decrease serotonin autoinhibition. another control point in aminergic neurotransmission involves degradation by mao. this enzyme occurs in two isoforms, a and b, which have different substrate preference ... | 2002 | 11889496 |
| functional interactions between estrogen and insulin-like growth factor-i in the regulation of alpha 1b-adrenoceptors and female reproductive function. | the ovarian hormone estradiol (e(2)) and insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) interact in the cns to regulate neuroendocrine function and synaptic remodeling. previously, our laboratory showed that 2 d e(2) treatment induces alpha(1b)-adrenoceptor expression and promotes igf-i enhancement of alpha(1)-adrenoceptor potentiation of camp accumulation in the preoptic area (poa) and hypothalamus (hyp). this study examined the hypothesis that e(2)-dependent aspects of female reproductive function, incl ... | 2002 | 11896179 |
| phylogenetic relationships, strain diversity and biogeography of tritimoviruses. | north american and eurasian isolates of wheat streak mosaic virus (wsmv; genus tritimovirus) and oat necrotic mottle virus (onmv; genus rymovirus) were examined. nine wsmv isolates differentially infected oat, barley, inbred maize line sdp2 and sorghum line ks56. the wsmv isolates clustered into groups based on phylogenetic analyses of the capsid protein (cp) cistron and flanking regions. wsmv isolates from the united states (us) and turkey were closely related, suggesting recent movement betwee ... | 2002 | 11907340 |
| intrapreoptic microinjection of tnf-alpha enhances non-rem sleep in rats. | tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnfalpha) is involved in sleep regulation. peripheral or central administration of tnfalpha induces non-rapid eye movement sleep (nrems) in many species. however, the brain site responsible for tnf-enhanced nrems remains unclear. thus, we tested the hypothesis that the preoptic area (poa) of the anterior hypothalamus, a crucial site for sleep regulation, is involved in tnf-induced sleep responses in rats. unilateral microinjection of tnfalpha (2, 20 and 100 ng) or a ... | 2002 | 11911859 |
| regulation of prolactin secretion by dopamine at the level of the hypothalamus in the turkey. | avian prolactin (prl) secretion is regulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) neurons residing in the infundibular nuclear complex (inf) of the hypothalamus. this vipergic activity is modulated by stimulatory dopaminergic inputs. dynorphin, serotonin (5-ht), dopamine (da) and vip all appear to stimulate prl secretion along a hypothalamic pathway, expressing kappa opioid, serotonergic, dopaminergic and vipergic receptors in succession, with the vipergic system as the final mediator. electri ... | 2002 | 11914590 |
| creating a hospice pharmacy and therapeutics committee. | implementing a pharmacy and therapeutics committee (p&t) as a management strategy for hospice of the bluegrass in lexington, kentucky, has proven to be effective in reducing costs and improving patient outcomes. early efforts of the committee yielded the establishment of protocols and guidelines, educational programs, pharmacy newsletters for nurses, and patient education material. in the spring of 2000, hospice of the bluegrass developed a preferred drug list (pdl) consisting of the medications ... | 2002 | 11926444 |
| fos expression induced by warming the preoptic area in rats. | the preoptic area (poa) occupies a crucial position among the structures participating in thermoregulation, but we know little about its efferent projections for controlling various effector responses. in this study, we used an immunohistochemical analysis of fos expression during local warming of the preoptic area. to avoid the effects of anesthesia or stress, which are known to elicit fos induction in various brain regions, we used a novel thermode specifically designed for chronic warming of ... | 2002 | 11931855 |
| multiple sequence alignment using partial order graphs. | progressive multiple sequence alignment (msa) methods depend on reducing an msa to a linear profile for each alignment step. however, this leads to loss of information needed for accurate alignment, and gap scoring artifacts. | 2002 | 11934745 |
| functional integrity of erbb-4/-2 tyrosine kinase receptor complex in the hypothalamus is required for maintaining normal reproduction in young adult female rats. | erbb-1 tyrosine kinase receptors are necessary for maintaining female reproduction by modulating the release of lh-releasing hormone (lhrh). changes in erbb-1 signaling capacity in aging rats are linked to compromised reproduction. the interactive and synergistic nature of different members of erbb receptors in mediating signal transduction exists in many cellular systems. particularly, the interactions among erbb-1 and erbb-2 or erbb-4 and erbb-2 are known to be involved in the stimulation of l ... | 2002 | 11956173 |
| estrogen modulation of k(+) channel activity in hypothalamic neurons involved in the control of the reproductive axis. | here we report on the progress we have made in elucidating the mechanisms through which estrogen alters synaptic responses in hypothalamic neurons. we examined the modulation by estrogen of the coupling of various receptor systems to inwardly rectifying and small conductance, ca(2+)-activated k(+) (sk) channels. we used intracellular sharp-electrode and whole-cell recordings in hypothalamic slices from ovariectomized female guinea pigs. estrogen rapidly uncouples mu-opioid receptors from g prote ... | 2002 | 11960620 |
| age-related changes in hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone and n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor gene expression, and their regulation by oestrogen, in the female rat. | during reproductive ageing, the oestrous cycles of female rats become irregular and eventually cease. the mechanisms for reproductive senescence in rodents are believed to involve changes in hypothalamic neurones, including gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) cells and their afferent inputs. in addition, effects of oestrogen on hypothalamic function may vary in animals of different ages. these issues were addressed using young (aged 4-5 months), middle-aged (12-14 months) and old (24-26 months ... | 2002 | 11963827 |
| regulation of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and 67 gene expression by ovarian steroids: identification of two functionally distinct populations of gaba neurones in the preoptic area. | gaba neurones in the preoptic area (poa) are critical for oestradiol (e2)-dependent surge release of luteinizing hormone (lh); however, it is not clear which population(s) of poa gaba neurones is involved. the goals of the present studies were: (i) to determine whether e2 regulates gaba neurones similarly in two subdivisions of the poa that play a role in lh surge release, the rostral poa region that contains the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (rpoa/ovlt), and the region containing ... | 2002 | 11963828 |
| role of sugars and organic acids in regulating the concentration and activity of the alternative oxidase in poa annua roots. | detached roots of poa annua were used to study alternative oxidase protein expression upon the addition of sucrose, glucose, fructose, inositol, mannitol, citrate or malate, at a concentration of 1 or 10 mm for 24 h. after 24 h the capacity of cytochrome c oxidase was decreased equally in all treatments. only citrate induced the expression of the alternative oxidase, especially at a concentration of 1 mm (15-fold). the activity of the alternative pathway (measured with the (18)o-fractionation te ... | 2002 | 11971919 |