Publications

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[identification of a kojic-acid producing aspergillus flavus f52].we identified an endophytic fungus of vigna unguiculata, as well as the influence of carbon sources on the production of kojic acid by the isolated fungus.201425803892
vigna unguiculata is nodulated in spain by endosymbionts of genisteae legumes and by a new symbiovar (vignae) of the genus bradyrhizobium.vigna unguiculata was introduced into europe from its distribution centre in africa, and it is currently being cultivated in mediterranean regions with adequate edapho-climatic conditions where the slow growing rhizobia nodulating this legume have not yet been studied. previous studies based on rrs gene and its region analyses have shown that bradyrhizobium yuanmingense and b. elkanii nodulated v. unguiculata in africa, but these two species were not found in this study. using the same phylogene ...201424867807
a novel set of polyvalent primers that detect members of the genera bromovirus and cucumovirus.rapid detection and diagnosis of plant virus infection is one of the most important steps in preventing damages caused by viral diseases. bromoviruses and cucumoviruses belong to the family bromoviridae, which is one of the most important families of plant viruses, and infect a broad range of host plants including various economically important crops. in this study, an rt-pcr assay was developed for the universal detection of bromoviruses and cucumoviruses using a set of primers designed to targ ...201424717165
electrophoretic mobilities of a viral capsid, its capsid protein, and their relation to viral assembly.the self-assembly of many viral capsids is dominated by protein-protein electrostatic interactions. to have a better understanding of this process, it is important to know how the protein and the capsid surface charges vary as a function of the ph and ionic strength. in this work, using phase analysis light scattering, we measured the electrophoretic mobility (em) of the cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv), its capsid protein (cp), and a cleaved cp that lacks its basic terminus, as a function o ...201424467401
meeting report vlpnpv: session 5: plant based technology.the vlpnpv 2014 conference that was convened at the salk institute was the second conference of its kind to focus on advances in production, purification, and delivery of virus-like particles (vlps) and nanoparticles. many exciting developments were reported and discussed in this interdisciplinary arena, but here we report specifically on the contributions of plant-based platforms to vlp vaccine technology as reported in the section of the conference devoted to the topic as well in additional pr ...201425581535
plant viral vectors for delivery by agrobacterium.plant viral vectors delivered by agrobacterium are the basis of several manufacturing processes that are currently in use for producing a wide range of proteins for multiple applications, including vaccine antigens, antibodies, protein nanoparticles such as virus-like particles (vlps), and other protein and protein-rna scaffolds. viral vectors delivered by agrobacterial t-dna transfer (magnifection) have also become important tools in research. in recent years, essential advances have been made ...201423949286
naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungi infecting stored grain insect species in punjab, pakistan.the occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi isolated from stored grain insect pests sampled from various geographical regions of punjab, pakistan, was investigated. in total, 25,720 insects from six different species were evaluated, and 195 isolates from 24 different fungal species were recovered. these included the ascomycetes beauveria bassiana sensu lato (balsamo) vuillemin (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae), metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (metschnikoff) sorokin (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae), pu ...201425480970
design, synthesis, crystal structures, and insecticidal activities of eight-membered azabridge neonicotinoid analogues.three series of novel azabridge neonicotinoid analogues were designed and synthesized, which were constructed by starting material a, glutaraldehyde, and primary amine hydrochlorides (aliphatic amines, phenylhydrazines, and anilines). most of the eight-membered azabridge compounds presented higher insecticidal activities than oxabridged compound b against cowpea aphid (aphis craccivora) and brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens). compared with imidacloprid, some azabridged compounds exhibited ex ...201424364696
identification of top-down forces regulating cotton aphid population growth in transgenic bt cotton in central china.the cotton aphid aphis gossypii glover is the main aphid pest in cotton fields in the yangtze river valley cotton-planting zone (yrz) in central china. various natural enemies may attack the cotton aphid in bt cotton fields but no studies have identified potential specific top-down forces that could help manage this pest in the yrz in china. in order to identify possibilities for managing the cotton aphid, we monitored cotton aphid population dynamics and identified the effect of natural enemies ...201425170907
bowman-birk protease inhibitor from vigna unguiculata seeds enhances the action of bradykinin-related peptides.the hydrolysis of bradykinin (bk) by different classes of proteases in plasma and tissues leads to a decrease in its half-life. here, bk actions on smooth muscle and in vivo cardiovascular assays in association with a protease inhibitor, black eyed-pea trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor (btci) and also under the effect of trypsin and chymotrypsin were evaluated. two synthetic bk-related peptides, bk1 and bk2, were used to investigate the importance of additional c-terminal amino acid residues on ...201425361421
influence of host origin on host choice of the parasitoid dinarmus basalis: does upbringing influence choices later in life?the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of volatile compounds from four secondary host plants on the ability of dinarmus basalis rond. (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) to locate, recognize, and parasitize its host, 4(th)instar larvae or pupae of callosobruchus maculatus f. (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). to examine this, strains of d. basalis were transferred from cow-pea seeds (vigna unguiculata (l.) walp. (fabales: fabaceae)) to pigeon pea (cajanus cajan (l.) millsp.) and two varieties ...201425373173
the toxicity of a lipid transfer protein (cc-ltp1) from coffea canephora seeds on the larval development of callosobruchus maculatus (coleoptera: bruchidae).in this work, we analyzed the effects of coffee seed proteins, especially cc-ltp1 on the larval development of callosobruchus maculatus (f.) (coleoptera: bruchidae), a bruchid pest of beans and the most important insect pest of vigna unguiculata (l.) walp. artificial seed assay, which incorporated the f/0-90 fraction from coffea canephora seeds, resulted in the reduction of oviposition and caused an inhibition of c. maculatus larval development in a dose-dependent manner. the f/0-90 fraction use ...201425097041
production of destruxins from metarhizium spp. fungi in artificial medium and in endophytically colonized cowpea plants.destruxins (dtxs) are cyclic depsipeptides produced by many metarhizium isolates that have long been assumed to contribute to virulence of these entomopathogenic fungi. we evaluated the virulence of 20 metarhizium isolates against insect larvae and measured the concentration of dtxs a, b, and e produced by these same isolates in submerged (shaken) cultures. eight of the isolates (arsef 324, 724, 760, 1448, 1882, 1883, 3479, and 3918) did not produce dtxs a, b, or e during the five days of submer ...201425127450
bradyrhizobium manausense sp. nov., isolated from effective nodules of vigna unguiculata grown in brazilian amazonian rainforest soils.root nodule bacteria were trapped within cowpea (vigna unguiculata) in soils with different cultivation histories collected from the amazonian rainforest in northern brazil. analysis of the 16s rrna gene sequences of six strains (br 3351(t), br 3307, br 3310, br 3315, br 3323 br and br 3361) isolated from cowpea nodules showed that they formed a distinct group within the genus bradyrhizobium, which was separate from previously identified type strains. phylogenetic analyses of three housekeeping ...201424744018
variant vicilins from a resistant vigna unguiculata lineage (it81d-1053) accumulate inside callosobruchus maculatus larval midgut epithelium.it has been demonstrated that variant vicilins are the main resistance factor of cowpea seeds (vigna unguiculata) against attack by the cowpea beetle callosobruchus maculatus. there is evidence that the toxic properties of these storage proteins may be related to their interaction with glycoproteins and other microvillar membrane constituents along the digestive tract of the larvae. new findings have shown that following interaction with the microvilli, the vicilins are absorbed across the intes ...201424220155
microvirga vignae sp. nov., a root nodule symbiotic bacterium isolated from cowpea grown in semi-arid brazil.16s rrna gene sequence analysis of eight strains (br 3299(t), br 3296, br 10192, br 10193, br 10194, br 10195, br 10196 and br 10197) isolated from nodules of cowpea collected from a semi-arid region of brazil showed 97 % similarity to sequences of recently described rhizobial species of the genus microvirga. phylogenetic analyses of four housekeeping genes (gyrb, reca, dnak and rpob), dna-dna relatedness and aflp further indicated that these strains belong to a novel species within the genus mi ...201424179178
rna viral metagenome of whiteflies leads to the discovery and characterization of a whitefly-transmitted carlavirus in north america.whiteflies from the bemisia tabaci species complex have the ability to transmit a large number of plant viruses and are some of the most detrimental pests in agriculture. although whiteflies are known to transmit both dna and rna viruses, most of the diversity has been recorded for the former, specifically for the begomovirus genus. this study investigated the total diversity of dna and rna viruses found in whiteflies collected from a single site in florida to evaluate if there are additional, p ...201424466220
molecular variability of cowpea mild mottle virus infecting soybean in brazil.molecular variability was assessed for 18 isolates of cowpea mild mottle virus (cpmmv, genus carlavirus, family betaflexiviridae) found infecting soybean in various brazilian states (bahia, goiás, maranhão, mato grosso, minas gerais, pará) in 2001 and 2010. a variety of symptoms was expressed in soybean cv. cd206, ranging from mild (crinkle/blistering leaves, mosaic and vein clearing) to severe (bud blight, dwarfing, leaf and stem necrosis). recombination analysis revealed only one cpmmv isolate ...201424142270
proteomics changes during the incompatible interaction between cowpea and colletotrichum gloeosporioides (penz.) penz and sacc.anthracnose represents an important disease of cowpea [vigna unguiculata l. (walp.)] caused by the hemibiothrophic fungus colletotrichum gloeosporioides that drastically reduces cowpea field production. in this study we investigated some biochemical aspects underlying the incompatible interaction between a resistant cowpea genotype and c. gloeosporioides using a proteomic approach. analyses of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis patterns and protein identification indicate c. gloeosporioides inf ...201424467908
virulence and genotypic characterization of listeria monocytogenes isolated from vegetable and soil samples.listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen is ubiquitous to different environments including the agroecosystem. the organism poses serious public health problem. therefore, an attempt has been made to gain further insight to their antibiotic susceptibility, serotypes and the virulence genes.201425195727
enhanced synthesis of antioxidant enzymes, defense proteins and leghemoglobin in rhizobium-free cowpea roots after challenging with meloydogine incognita.the root knot nematodes (rkn), meloydogine spp., particularly meloidogyne incognita and meloidogyne javanica species, parasitize several plant species and are responsible for large annual yield losses all over the world. only a few available chemical nematicides are still authorized for rkn control owing to environmental and health reasons. thus, plant resistance is currently considered the method of choice for controlling rkn, and research performed on the molecular interactions between plants ...201428250394
vudreb2a, a novel dreb2-type transcription factor in the drought-tolerant legume cowpea, mediates dre-dependent expression of stress-responsive genes and confers enhanced drought resistance in transgenic arabidopsis.vudreb2a exists in cowpea as a canonical dreb2-type transcription factor, having the ability to bind dehydration-responsive elements in vitro and confer enhanced drought resistance in transgenic arabidopsis. cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp) is an important cultivated legume that can survive better in arid conditions than other crops. but the molecular mechanisms involved in the drought tolerance of this species remain elusive with very few reported candidate genes. the dehydration-responsive e ...201425030652
genetic mapping, synteny, and physical location of two loci for fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum race 4 resistance in cowpea [vignaunguiculata (l.) walp].fusarium wilt is a vascular disease caused by the fungus fusariumoxysporum f.sp. tracheiphilum (fot) in cowpea [vignaunguiculata (l.) walp]. in this study, we mapped loci conferring resistance to fot race 4 in three cowpea ril populations: it93k-503-1 × cb46, cb27 × 24-125b-1, and cb27 × it82e-18/big buff. two independent loci which confer resistance to fot race 4 were identified, fot4-1 and fot4-2. fot4-1 was identified in the it93k-503-1 (resistant) × cb46 (susceptible) population and was posi ...201424659904
molecular characterization of distinct ymv (yellow mosaic virus) isolates affecting pulses in india with the aid of coat protein gene as a marker for identification.the present study was carried out to find out the variations present in different isolates of yellow mosaic virus (ymv) causing yellow mosaic disease of pulses in southern parts of india. the coat protein gene of ymv was amplified using gene specific and deng universal primers with dna isolated from ymv infected samples. further, cloning and dna sequencing of cp gene was carried out. cp gene decrypt sequences revealed that ymv infected samples of black gram, cowpea and green gram were similar to ...201424469717
a nopa deletion mutant of sinorhizobium fredii usda257, a soybean symbiont, is impaired in nodulation.sinorhizobium fredii usda257 employs type iii secretion system (t3ss) to deliver effector proteins into the host cells through pili. the nopa protein is the major component of usda257 pili. the promoter region of usda257 nopa possesses a well conserved tts box. serial deletion analysis revealed that the tts box is absolutely essential for flavonoid induction of nopa. deletion of nopa drastically lowered the number of nodules formed by usda257 on cowpea and soybean cultivar peking. in contrast to ...201424121614
the cowpea ring ubiquitin ligase vudrip interacts with transcription factor vudreb2a for regulating abiotic stress responses.cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp) is an important grain legume cultivated in drought-prone parts of the world, having higher tolerance to heat and drought than many other crops. the transcription factor, dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 2a (dreb2a), controls expression of many genes involved in osmotic and heat stress responses of plants. in arabidopsis, dreb2a-interacting proteins (drips), which function as e3 ubiquitin ligases (ec 6.3.2.19), regulate the stability of dreb2a by t ...201425090086
the use of tobacco mosaic virus and cowpea mosaic virus for the production of novel metal nanomaterials.due to the nanoscale size and the strictly controlled and consistent morphologies of viruses, there has been a recent interest in utilizing them in nanotechnology. the structure, surface chemistries and physical properties of many viruses have been well elucidated, which have allowed identification of regions of their capsids which can be modified either chemically or genetically for nanotechnological uses. in this review we focus on the use of such modifications for the functionalization and pr ...201424418546
tombusvirus-based vector systems to permit over-expression of genes or that serve as sensors of antiviral rna silencing in plants.a next generation tomato bushy stunt virus (tbsv) coat protein gene replacement vector system is described that can be applied by either rna inoculation or through agroinfiltration. a vector expressing gfp rapidly yields high levels of transient gene expression in inoculated leaves of various plant species, as illustrated for nicotiana benthamiana, cowpea, tomato, pepper, and lettuce. a start-codon mutation to down-regulate the dose of the p19 silencing suppressor reduces gfp accumulation, where ...201424606693
the colletotrichum destructivum species complex - hemibiotrophic pathogens of forage and field crops.colletotrichum destructivum is an important plant pathogen, mainly of forage and grain legumes including clover, alfalfa, cowpea and lentil, but has also been reported as an anthracnose pathogen of many other plants worldwide. several colletotrichum isolates, previously reported as closely related to c. destructivum, are known to establish hemibiotrophic infections in different hosts. the inconsistent application of names to those isolates based on outdated species concepts has caused much taxon ...201425492986
worldwide populations of the aphid aphis craccivora are infected with diverse facultative bacterial symbionts.facultative bacterial endosymbionts can play an important role in the evolutionary trajectory of their hosts. aphids (hemiptera: aphididae) are infected with a wide variety of facultative endosymbionts that can confer ecologically relevant traits, which in turn may drive microevolutionary processes in a dynamic selective environment. however, relatively little is known about how symbiont diversity is structured in most aphid species. here, we investigate facultative symbiont species richness and ...201424233285
defense response in non-genomic model species: methyl jasmonate exposure reveals the passion fruit leaves' ability to assemble a cocktail of functionally diversified kunitz-type trypsin inhibitors and recruit two of them against papain.multiplicity of protease inhibitors induced by predators may increase the understanding of a plant's intelligent behavior toward environmental challenges. information about defense mechanisms of non-genomic model plant passion fruit (passiflora edulis sims) in response to predator attack is still limited. here, via biochemical approaches, we showed its flexibility to build-up a broad repertoire of potent kunitz-type trypsin inhibitors (ktis) in response to methyl jasmonate. seven inhibitors (20- ...201424849173
organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables from farms, markets, and a supermarket around kwan phayao lake of northern thailand.this study investigated organophosphorus (op) residues in vegetables from 27 farms, 106 markets, and 1 supermarket around kwan phayao lake, northern thailand, between august and september 2013. types of vegetables sampled were all vegetables cultivated or sold around the study site. the most common op pesticides detected in farm samples were chlorpyrifos (50 %), malathion (31.8 %), monocrotophos (31.8 %), diazinon (13.6 %), omethoate (13.6 %), and dicrotophos (9.1 %). the most common op pesticid ...201424609615
control of cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus (f.) (coleoptera: bruchidae), using natural plant products.a laboratory study was conducted to investigate the effects of natural products on the reproduction and damage of callosobruchus maculatus, the cowpea weevil, on cowpea seeds at botswana college of agriculture in gaborone, botswana. the cowpea variety blackeye was used in the study. fifty grams of each plant product (garlic, peppermint and chilies) was added to 500 g of the cowpea seeds. findings of this experiment revealed that chilies and garlic had negative effects on cowpea weevils for all p ...201426463066
peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity in moderate resistant and susceptible vicia faba induced by aphis craccivora (hemiptera: aphididae) infestation.two faba bean, vicia faba l., cultivars, gazira2 and misr1, representing cultivars moderately resistant and susceptible to aphids, were analyzed for peroxidase (pod) and polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activities induced by cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch. infestation. two tissue types (whole plant [wp] and detached leaf [dl]), two infestation status (infested and uninfested), and three aphid infestation durations (1, 3, and 5 d) were considered in pod and ppo data analysis. factorial analysis show ...201425480978
biology and demographic growth parameters of cowpea aphid (aphis craccivora) on faba bean (vicia faba) cultivars.the performance of cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch. (hemiptera: aphididae), on five faba bean, vicia faba l. (fabales: fabaceae) cultivars was evaluated. colony development, biology, and demographic parameters were studied to measure the cowpea aphid performance. two methods, whole plant and detached leaf, were used in these experiments. after 14 d , the number of apterous adult, nymphs, and total cowpea aphids were significantly lower in cultivar gazira2 and highest on cultivar misr1. assum ...201425368064
seven-membered azabridged neonicotinoids: synthesis, crystal structure, insecticidal assay, and molecular docking studies.to study the influence of the ring sizes, 37 novel seven-membered azabridged neonicotinoid analogues were synthesized by reactions of nitromethylene analogues, succinaldehyde, and aniline hydrochlorides. most of the title compounds presented higher insecticidal activities than that of imidacloprid (imi), cycloxaprid (cyc), and eight-membered compounds against cowpea aphid (aphis craccivora), armyworm (pseudaletia separata walker), and brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens), which indicated that ...201425347284
pyridine derivatives as insecticides. part 1: synthesis and toxicity of some pyridine derivatives against cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch (homoptera: aphididae).five pyridine derivatives, namely, n-morpholinium 7,7-dimethyl-3-cyano-4-(4'-nitrophenyl)-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2-thiolate (1), sodium 5-acetyl-3-amino-4-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-6-methylthieno[2,3-b] pyridine-2-carboxylate (2), piperidinium 3,5-dicyano-2-oxo-4-spirocyclopentane-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine-6-thiolate (3), piperidinium 5-acetyl-3-cyano-4-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-6-methylpyridine-2-thiolate (4), and piperidinium 5-acetyl-4-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3-cyano-6-methyl-pyridine-2-thiolate ( ...201425226271
do aphid carcasses on the backs of larvae of green lacewing work as chemical mimicry against aphid-tending ants?ants attack and exclude natural enemies of aphids in ant-aphid mutualisms. however, larvae of the green lacewing, mallada desjardinsi, prey on the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora, without exclusion by aphid-tending ants. lacewing larvae are protected from ants by carrying aphid carcasses on their backs. here, we tested whether cuticular hydrocarbons (chcs) of aphid carcasses affected the aggressiveness of aphid-tending ants. aphid carcasses were washed with n-hexane to remove lipids. lacewing lar ...201424894158
wild tomato leaf extracts for spider mite and cowpea aphid control.glandular trichomes on the leaves of wild tomato, l. hirsutum f. hirsutum mull, also known as solanum habrochaites (solanaceae), synthesize and accumulate high levels of methyl ketones (mks). l. hirsutum accession la 407, having high concentration of mks, was grown from seeds under greenhouse conditions. four mks (2-undecanone, 2-dodecanone, 2-tridecanone, and 2-pentadecanone) were screened for their toxicity to spider mites, tetranychus urticae koch and cowpea aphids, aphis craccivora koch. the ...201424813988
temperature and development impacts on housekeeping gene expression in cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora (hemiptera: aphidiae).quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) is a powerful technique to quantify gene expression. to standardize gene expression studies and obtain more accurate qrt-pcr analysis, normalization relative to consistently expressed housekeeping genes (hkgs) is required. in this study, ten candidate hkgs including elongation factor 1 α (ef1a), ribosomal protein l11 (rpl11), ribosomal protein l14 (rpl14), ribosomal protein s8 (rps8), ribosomal protein s23 (rps23), nadh-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (nadh), vacuo ...201526090683
tetrahydroindeno[1',2':4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazol-5(1h)-ones as novel neonicotinoid insecticides: reaction selectivity and substituent effects on the activity level.tetraheterocyclic tetrahydroindeno[1',2':4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazol-5(1h)-one derivatives as novel neonicotinoid candidates were designed and prepared by selective etherification, chlorination and esterification of ninhydrin-heterocyclic ketene aminals adducts. some of the designed compounds showed excellent insecticidal activity against cowpea aphids (aphis craccivora), brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens), and armyworm (mythimna separata). in particular, the activity against armyworm (mythim ...201525611859
effects of glassy-winged sharpshooter (hemiptera: cicadellidae) feeding, size, and lipid content on egg maturation.the glassy-winged sharpshooter (homalodisca vitripennis) is synovigenic and must feed as an adult to produce eggs. egg maturation rates depend on the host plant species provided to the adult female for feeding and are variable for females provided with the same host plant species. here, the contribution of female size and lipid content to variation in egg maturation rates among females held on the same host plant species was assessed. to assess effects of female size and lipid content on egg mat ...201526470224
unequivocal enantiomeric identification and analysis of 10 chiral pesticides in fruit and vegetables by quechers method combined with liquid chromatography-quadruple/linear ion trap mass spectrometry determination.in this research, 10 chiral pesticides in fruits and vegetables were simultaneously determined using chiral liquid chromatography triple quadrupole-linear ion trap hybrid mass spectrometry (lc-qqlit). the quechers method was applied for sample preparation, and an enhanced product ion (epi) scan was used to acquire tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms) spectra for the library search. parameters including limit of detection (lod), limit of quantification (loq), linearity, relative standard deviation (r ...201526392120
ants learn aphid species as mutualistic partners: is the learning behavior species-specific?in ant-aphid associations, many aphid species provide ants with honeydew and are tended by ants, whereas others are never tended and are frequently preyed upon by ants. in these relationships, ants must have the ability to discriminate among aphid species, with mutualistic aphids being accepted as partners rather than prey. although ants reportedly use cuticular hydrocarbons (chcs) of aphids to differentiate between mutualistic and non-mutualistic species, it is unclear whether the ability to re ...201526590597
assessment of heavy metal pollution in vegetables and relationships with soil heavy metal distribution in zhejiang province, china.there are increasing concerns on heavy metal contaminant in soils and vegetables. in this study, we investigated heavy metal pollution in vegetables and the corresponding soils in the main vegetable production regions of zhejiang province, china. a total of 97 vegetable samples and 202 agricultural soil samples were analyzed for the concentrations of cd, pb, as, hg, and cr. the average levels of cd, pb, and cr in vegetable samples [chinese cabbage (brassica campestris spp. pekinensis), pakchoi ( ...201526013654
proteomics and metabolomics: two emerging areas for legume improvement.the crop legumes such as chickpea, common bean, cowpea, peanut, pigeonpea, soybean, etc. are important sources of nutrition and contribute to a significant amount of biological nitrogen fixation (>20 million tons of fixed nitrogen) in agriculture. however, the production of legumes is constrained due to abiotic and biotic stresses. it is therefore imperative to understand the molecular mechanisms of plant response to different stresses and identify key candidate genes regulating tolerance which ...201526734026
shaping bio-inspired nanotechnologies to target thrombosis for dual optical-magnetic resonance imaging.arterial and venous thrombosis are among the most common causes of death and hospitalization worldwide. nanotechnology approaches hold great promise for molecular imaging and diagnosis as well as tissue-targeted delivery of therapeutics. in this study, we developed and investigated bioengineered nanoprobes for identifying thrombus formation; the design parameters of nanoparticle shape and surface chemistry, i.e. incorporation of fibrin-binding peptides creka and gprpp, were investigated. two nan ...201526509036
interface of physics and biology: engineering virus-based nanoparticles for biophotonics.virus-based nanoparticles (vnps) have been used for a wide range of applications, spanning basic materials science and translational medicine. their propensity to self-assemble into precise structures that offer a three-dimensional scaffold for functionalization has led to their use as optical contrast agents and related biophotonics applications. a number of fluorescently labeled platforms have been developed and their utility in optical imaging demonstrated, yet their optical properties have n ...201525541212
cell death triggered by a putative amphipathic helix of radish mosaic virus helicase protein is tightly correlated with host membrane modification.systemic necrosis is one of the most severe symptoms caused by plant rna viruses. recently, systemic necrosis has been suggested to have similar features to a defense response referred to as the hypersensitive response (hr), a form of programmed cell death. in virus-infected plant cells, host intracellular membrane structures are changed dramatically for more efficient viral replication. however, little is known about whether this replication-associated membrane modification is the cause of the ...201525650831
plant-derived chimeric virus particles for the diagnosis of primary sjögren syndrome.plants are ideal for the production of protein-based nanomaterials because they synthesize and assemble complex multimeric proteins that cannot be expressed efficiently using other platforms. plant viruses can be thought of as self-replicating proteinaceous nanomaterials generally stable and easily produced in high titers. we used potato virus x (pvx), chimeric virus particles, and cowpea mosaic virus, empty virus-like particles to display a linear peptide (lipo) derived from human lipocalin, wh ...201526648961
development of a non-infectious encapsidated positive control rna for molecular assays to detect foot-and-mouth disease virus.positive controls are an important component of the quality-control of molecular tests used for diagnosis of livestock diseases. for high consequence agents such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), the positive controls required to monitor template extraction, reverse transcription and amplification steps usually consist of material derived from infectious viruses. therefore, their production is dependent upon the use of high containment facilities and their deployment carries the risks asso ...201525864934
highly efficient strategy for the heterologous expression and purification of soluble cowpea chlorotic mottle virus capsid protein and in vitro ph-dependent assembly of virus-like particles.obtaining pure and soluble viral capsid proteins (cps) has been a major challenge in the fields of science and technology in recent decades. in many cases, the cps can self-assemble in the absence of a viral genome, resulting in non-infectious, empty virus-like particles (vlps) which can be safely handled. the use of vlps has found great potential in biotechnology and health purposes. in addition, vlps are a good model system to study protein-protein interactions at the molecular level. in this ...201526342905
engineered single-chain variable fragment antibody for immunodiagnosis of groundnut bud necrosis virus infection.few studies have been done on engineered antibodies for diagnosis of tospovirus infections. the present study was undertaken to develop a single-chain variable fragment (scfv) for specific diagnosis of infection by groundnut bud necrosis virus (gbnv), the most prevalent serogroup iv tospovirus in india. heavy chain (372 nucleotide [nt]) and light chain (363 nt) variable region clones obtained from a hybridoma were used to make an scfv construct that expressed a ~29-kda protein in e. coli. the sc ...201525698103
effect of the synthesis of rice non-symbiotic hemoglobins 1 and 2 in the recombinant escherichia coli tb1 growth.non-symbiotic hemoglobins (nshbs) are widely distributed in land plants, including rice. these proteins are classified into type 1 (nshbs-1) and type 2. the o 2-affinity of nshbs-1 is very high mostly because of an extremely low o 2-dissociation rate constant resulting in that nshbs-1 apparently do not release o 2 after oxygenation. thus, it is possible that the in vivo function of nshbs-1 is other than o 2-transport. based on the properties of multiple hbs it was proposed that nshbs-1 could pla ...201526973784
tropism of cpmv to professional antigen presenting cells enables a platform to eliminate chronic infections.chronic viral infections (e.g., hiv, hbv, hcv) represent a significant source of morbidity and mortality with over 500 million people infected worldwide. dendritic cells (dcs) and macrophages are key cell types for productive viral replication and persistent systemic infection. we demonstrate that the plant virus cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) displays tropism for such antigen presenting cells in both mice and humans, thus making it an ideal candidate for targeted drug delivery toward viral infectio ...201527280157
rapid high-yield expression of a candidate influenza vaccine based on the ectodomain of m2 protein linked to flagellin in plants using viral vectors.the extracellular domain of matrix protein 2 (m2e) of influenza a virus is a promising target for the development of a universal vaccine against influenza because m2e sequences are highly conserved among human influenza a strains. however, native m2e is poorly immunogenic, but its immunogenicity can be increased by delivery in combination with adjuvants or carrier particles. it was previously shown that fusion of m2e to bacterial flagellin, the ligand for toll-like receptor (tlr) 5 and powerful ...201526022390
cowpea-meloidogyne incognita interaction: root proteomic analysis during early stages of nematode infection.cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp) is an important legume species well adapted to low fertility soils and prolonged drought periods. one of the main problems that cause severe yield losses in cowpea is the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. the aim of this work was to analyze the differential expression of proteins in the contrasting cultivars of cowpea ce 31 (highly resistant) and ce 109 (slightly resistant) during early stages of m. incognita infection. cowpea roots were collected at 3, ...201525736976
additive interactions of unrelated viruses in mixed infections of cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp).this study was carried out to determine the effects of single infections and co-infections of three unrelated viruses on three cowpea cultivars (one commercial cowpea cultivar "white" and 2 iita lines; it81d-985 and tvu 76). the plants were inoculated with cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv), genus potyvirus, cowpea mottle virus (cmev), genus carmovirus and southern bean mosaic virus (sbmv), genus sobemovirus singly and in mixture (double and triple) at 10, 20, and 30 days after planting (da ...201526483824
survey of aphid population in a yellow passion fruit crop and its relationship on the spread cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus in a subtropical region of brazil.passion fruit woodiness may be caused by cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv) and is currently the major passion fruit disease in brazil. to assess the virus-vector-host interactions, a newly introduced golden passion fruit plantation located in eastern region of são paulo state, brazil, was monitored.201526413443
analysis of genome comparison of two indian isolates of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus from india.the complete sequence of two cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv) isolates (rr3 and rr4) from india was determined. phylogenetic analysis showed that both isolates showed different closeness with other isolates of cabmv. cabmv-rr3 showed maximum identity of 99 % with cabmv-br1 from brazil at nucleotide and protein levels, whereas cabmv-rr4 showed identity of 73 and 95 % with cabmv-z isolate from zimbabwe at nucleotide and protein levels respectively. similarity identity matrix revealed 69 % i ...201526184969
bradyrhizobium subterraneum sp. nov., a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium from root nodules of groundnuts.seven strains of symbiotic bacteria from root nodules of local races of bambara groundnut (vigna subterranea) and peanuts (arachis hypogaea) grown on subsistence farmers' fields in the kavango region, namibia, were previously characterized and identified as a novel group within the genus bradyrhizobium. to corroborate their taxonomic status, these strains were further characterized using a polyphasic approach. all strains possessed identical 16s rrna gene sequences with bradyrhizobium yuanmingen ...201526198108
h2o2 plays an important role in the lifestyle of colletotrichum gloeosporioides during interaction with cowpea [vigna unguiculata (l.) walp].plant-fungus interactions usually generate h(2)o(2) in the infected plant tissue. h(2)o(2) has a direct antimicrobial effect and is involved in the cross-linking of cell walls, signaling, induction of gene expression, hypersensitive cell death and induced systemic acquired resistance. this has raised the hypothesis that h(2)o(2) manipulation by pharmacological compounds could alter the lifestyle of colletotrichum gloeosporioides during interaction with the br-3-tracuateua cowpea genotype. the pr ...201526228563
diagnosis of a new variant of soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus with extended host-range in india.soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus (symmv, genus carmovirus) was previously known to occur in south korea and usa causing bright yellow mosaic in soybean. in this study, symmv (car-mb14 isolate) was isolated from mungbean (vigna radiata) exhibiting mild mottling and puckering symptoms in the experimental field at indian agricultural research institute, new delhi during 2012. the virus isolate, car-mb14 induced veinal mottling, mild mottling, chlorotic blotching, local and systemic necrosis in so ...201526645042
differential life history trait associations of aphids with nonpersistent viruses in cucurbits.the diversity of vectors and fleeting nature of virus acquisition and transmission renders nonpersistent viruses a challenge to manage. we assessed the importance of noncolonizing versus colonizing vectors with a 2-yr survey of aphids and nonpersistent viruses on commercial pumpkin farms. we quantified aphid alightment using pan traps, while testing leaf samples with multiplex rt-pcr targeting cucumber mosaic virus (cmv), zucchini yellow mosaic virus (zymv), watermelon mosaic virus (wmv), and pa ...201526313961
a screen for bacterial endosymbionts in the model organisms tribolium castaneum, t. confusum, callosobruchus maculatus, and related species.reproductive parasites such as wolbachia are extremely widespread amongst the arthropods and can have a large influence over the reproduction and fitness of their hosts. undetected infections could thus confound the results of a wide range of studies that focus on aspects of host behavior, reproduction, fitness, and degrees of reproductive isolation. this potential problem has already been underlined by work investigating the incidence of wolbachia infections in stocks of the model system drosop ...201524347564
hypocholesterolaemic effect of rat-administered oral doses of the isolated 7s globulins from cowpeas and adzuki beans.the role of seed proteins, especially soyabean 7s globulins, in controlling dyslipidaemia is widely acknowledged. amino acid sequence homology among the proteins of this family could reflect similar biological functions in other species. the aim of the present study was to unveil a hypolipidaemic effect of the 7s globulins from cowpeas (7s-c) and adzuki beans (7s-a), administered orally to rats fed a hypercholesterolaemic (hc; high cholesterol and tag) diet for 28 d. a total of forty-five rats w ...201526090103
cowpea protein reduces ldl-cholesterol and apolipoprotein b concentrations, but does not improve biomarkers of inflammation or endothelial dysfunction in adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia.the risks of cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death in the world, can be reduced by diet. cowpea protein has been shown to significantly reduce total cholesterol, ldl-cholesterol, and liver steatosis in hamsters.201525795948
arachidicoccus rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. nov., a plant-growth-promoting bacterium in the family chitinophagaceae isolated from rhizosphere soil.three novel bacterial strains, designated vu-144(t), vu-7 and vu-35, were isolated on minimal medium from rhizosphere soil of field-grown cowpea and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. cells of the strains were gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid rods, and formed non-pigmented colonies. phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequences revealed that strain vu-144(t) was affiliated with an uncultivated lineage of the phylum bacteroidetes. its c ...201525404481
peptides from cowpea present antioxidant activity, inhibit cholesterol synthesis and its solubilisation into micelles.in previous studies, it was reported that the protein isolated from the cowpea interferes favourably in lipid metabolism, and reduces cholesterol synthesis. the present study investigated the role of cowpea peptide fractions in the micellar solubilisation of cholesterol, in the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase (hmgcr) activity, and in the in vitro antioxidant capacity, considering the effects of thermal processing. the protein was isolated from the raw and cooked beans and digeste ...201525172712
selenium accumulating leafy vegetables are a potential source of functional foods.selenium deficiency in humans has been associated with various diseases, the risks of which can be reduced through dietary supplementation. selenium accumulating plants may provide a beneficial nutrient for avoiding such illnesses. thus, leafy vegetables such as amaranthus hybridus, amaranthus sp., cucurbita maxima, ipomoea batatas, solanum villosum, solanum scabrum, and vigna unguiculata were explored for their capabilities to accumulate selenium when grown on selenium enriched soil and for use ...201526955635
oligosaccharides composition in eight food legumes species as detected by high-resolution mass spectrometry.as probiotics, soy oligosaccharides have become popular as healthy foods to reduce disease risk. however, comprehensive information about oligosaccharides in different food legumes is limited.201525270891
efficiency of indigenous filamentous fungi for biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in medium and soil: laboratory study from ecuador.the competence of two fungal isolates for degrading petroleum hydrocarbons was evaluated. the filamentous fungi were isolated from a crude oil-contaminated soil in northeastern ecuador, and were 99 %-100 % similar in 18s rdna sequence to the genus geomyces. their efficiencies of degradation were tested in vitro for 30 days, using medium and soil microcosm. residual hydrocarbons were tracked by gas liquid chromatography with a flame ionization detector. the maximum removal percentages of total pe ...201526215457
effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil nutrient concentration and phosphatase activity and forage nutrient uptake from a grazed pasture system.over a 3-year period, the effect of differing n-application regimes on soil extractable-p concentration, soil phosphatase activity, and forage p uptake in a p-enriched grazed-pasture system was investigated. in the fall of each year, six 0.28-ha plots were overseeded with triticale ( × triticosecale rimpaui wittm.) and crimson clover (trifolium incarnatum) into a tall fescue (lolium arundinacea)/bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon) sod and assigned to 1 of 3 n-fertilizer treatments (n = 2): 100% of n ...201525728918
global synthesis of drought effects on food legume production.food legume crops play important roles in conservation farming systems and contribute to food security in the developing world. however, in many regions of the world, their production has been adversely affected by drought. although water scarcity is a severe abiotic constraint of legume crops productivity, it remains unclear how the effects of drought co-vary with legume species, soil texture, agroclimatic region, and drought timing. to address these uncertainties, we collected literature data ...201526061704
use of monoclonal antibodies in an elisa for detecting an invasive pest insect, liriomyza trifolii (diptera: agromyzidae).a monoclonal antibody was prepared by the hybridoma technology. it reacted only with the protein of liriomyza trifolii (burgess) and not with that of chromatomyia horticola goureau or liriomyza sativae blanchard in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. it was effective even after being diluted more than 8.192×10(6)-fold. the detection sensitivity of the antibody was 31.3 µg/ml under controlled conditions. positive reaction was achieved with all laboratory-reared l. trifolii samples, includ ...201526470159
bradyrhizobium kavangense sp. nov., a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium from root nodules of traditional namibian pulses.eight strains of symbiotic bacteria from root nodules of local races of cowpea (vigna unguiculata) and bambara groundnut (vigna subterranea) grown on subsistence farmers' fields in the kavango region, namibia, were previously characterized and identified as a novel group within the genus bradyrhizobium. to clarify their taxonomic status, these strains were further characterized using a polyphasic approach. in phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna gene sequence the novel group was most closely re ...201526446190
effects of water management practices on residue decomposition and degradation of cry1ac protein from crop-wild bt rice hybrids and parental lines during winter fallow season.rice is the staple diet of over half of the world's population and bacillus thuringiensis (bt) rice expressing insecticidal cry proteins is ready for deployment. an assessment of the potential impact of bt rice on the soil ecosystem under varied field management practices is urgently required. we used litter bags to assess the residue (leaves, stems and roots) decomposition dynamics of two transgenic rice lines (kefeng6 and kefeng8) containing stacked genes from bt and sck (a modified cpti gene ...201526295752
characterization of the bioactive metabolites from a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and their exploitation as antimicrobial and plant growth-promoting agents.a plant growth-promoting bacterial strain, pm 105, isolated from a tea plantation soil from the north eastern region of india was identified as pseudomonas aeruginosa through classical and 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) gene sequencing. further studies with this strain confirmed broad spectrum antifungal activity against ten human and plant pathogenic fungal pathogens viz. aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus tubingensis, candida albicans, colletotrichum gloeospori ...201525832181
identification of host-plant volatiles and characterization of two novel general odorant-binding proteins from the legume pod borer, maruca vitrata fabricius (lepidoptera: crambidae).chemoreception is a key feature in selection of host plant by phytophagous insects, and odorant-binding proteins (obps) are involved in chemical communication of both insects and vertebrates. the legume pod borer, maruca vitrata fabricius (lepidoptera: crambidae) is one of the key pest species of cowpea and widely distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions, causing up to 80% of yield loss. in this study, we investigated the electrophysiological responses of female m. vitrata to flor ...201526517714
efficacy of plectranthus glandulosus (lamiaceae) and callistemon rigidus (myrtaceae) leaf extract fractions to callosobruchus maculatus (coleoptera: bruchidae).as part of on-going efforts to use eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides, methanol crude extracts of plectranthus glandulosus and callistemon rigidus leaves were sequentially fractionated in hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol to establish the most active fraction(s) against callosobruchus maculatus in cowpea. cowpea seeds (25 g) were treated with 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 g/kg of extract to evaluate the contact toxicity and f1 progeny production of the beetles in the laboratory. m ...201526443776
repellency of plant extracts against the legume flower thrips megalurothrips sjostedti (thysanoptera: thripidae).megalurothrips sjostedti trybom is an important pest of cowpea (vigna unguiculata l.) in africa. to propose an alternative to chemical control, the repellency of 24 plant extracts was evaluated against adult female thrips of m. sjostedti in the laboratory. plant extracts in ethanol were separately applied on a filter paper disk in a still air visual cue olfactometer. the results showed highly significant differences in repellency among extract type, concentration and their interactions. we class ...201526463406
cowpea [vigna unguiculata (l.) walp].agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation is an efficient method for incorporating genes and recovering stable transgenic plants in cowpea because this method offers several advantages such as the defined integration of transgenes, potentially low copy number, and preferential integration into transcriptional active regions of the chromosome. cotyledonary node explants of cowpea present an attractive target for t-dna delivery followed by regeneration of shoots via axillary proliferation ...201525300846
nopc is a rhizobium-specific type 3 secretion system effector secreted by sinorhizobium (ensifer) fredii hh103.sinorhizobium (ensifer) fredii hh103 is a broad host-range nitrogen-fixing bacterium able to nodulate many legumes, including soybean. in several rhizobia, root nodulation is influenced by proteins secreted through the type 3 secretion system (t3ss). this specialized secretion apparatus is a common virulence mechanism of many plant and animal pathogenic bacteria that delivers proteins, called effectors, directly into the eukaryotic host cells where they interfere with signal transduction pathway ...201526569401
initial ph of medium affects organic acids production but do not affect phosphate solubilization.the ph of the culture medium directly influences the growth of microorganisms and the chemical processes that they perform. the aim of this study was to assess the influence of the initial ph of the culture medium on the production of 11 low-molecular-weight organic acids and on the solubilization of calcium phosphate by bacteria in growth medium (nbrip). the following strains isolated from cowpea nodules were studied: ufla03-08 (rhizobium tropici), ufla03-09 (acinetobacter sp.), ufla03-10 (paen ...201526273251
feasibility of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus-like particles as scaffold for epitope presentations.within the last decade virus-like particles (vlps) have increasingly received attention from scientists for their use as a carrier of (peptide) molecules or as scaffold to present epitopes for use in subunit vaccines. to test the feasibility of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv) particles as a scaffold for epitope presentation and identify sites for epitope fusion or insertion that would not interfere with virus-like-particle formation, chimeric ccmv coat protein (cp) gene constructs were engi ...201526311254
a rhizosphere-associated symbiont, photobacterium spp. strain meld1, and its targeted synergistic activity for phytoprotection against mercury.though heavy metal such as mercury is toxic to plants and microorganisms, the synergistic activity between them may offer benefit for surviving. in this study, a mercury-reducing bacterium, photobacterium spp. strain meld1, with an mic of 33 mg x kg(-1) mercury was isolated from a severely mercury and dioxin contaminated rhizosphere soil of reed (phragmites australis). while the whole genome sequencing of meld1 confirmed the presence of a mer operon, the mercury reductase mera gene showed 99% se ...201525816328
production of antifungal compounds in cowpea (vigna sinensis) and pea (pisum sativum) after virus infection. 20154737339
crystalline cowpea chlorotic mottle virus. 20154689956
rhizosphere ecology of lumichrome and riboflavin, two bacterial signal molecules eliciting developmental changes in plants.lumichrome and riboflavin are novel molecules from rhizobial exudates that stimulate plant growth. reported studies have revealed major developmental changes elicited by lumichrome at very low nanomolar concentrations (5 nm) in plants, which include early initiation of trifoliate leaves, expansion of unifoliate and trifoliate leaves, increased stem elongation and leaf area, and consequently greater biomass accumulation in monocots and dicots. but higher lumichrome concentration (50 nm) depressed ...201526442016
the infectivity of the two electrophoretic forms of cowpea mosaic virus. 20154693399
host plant determines the population size of an obligate symbiont (buchnera aphidicola) in aphids.buchnera aphidicolais an obligate endosymbiont that provides aphids with several essential nutrients. though much is known about aphid-buchnera interactions, the effect of the host plant on buchnera population size remains unclear. here we used quantitative pcr (qpcr) techniques to explore the effects of the host plant on buchnera densities in the cotton-melon aphid, aphis gossypii buchneratiters were significantly higher in populations that had been reared on cucumber for over 10 years than in ...201626850304
bacterial molecular signals in the sinorhizobium fredii-soybean symbiosis.sinorhizobium (ensifer) fredii (s. fredii) is a rhizobial species exhibiting a remarkably broad nodulation host-range. thus, s. fredii is able to effectively nodulate dozens of different legumes, including plants forming determinate nodules, such as the important crops soybean and cowpea, and plants forming indeterminate nodules, such as glycyrrhiza uralensis and pigeon-pea. this capacity of adaptation to different symbioses makes the study of the molecular signals produced by s. fredii strains ...201627213334
coupling peptide antigens to virus-like particles or to protein carriers influences the th1/th2 polarity of the resulting immune response.we have conjugated the s9 peptide, a mimic of the group b streptococcal type iii capsular polysaccharide, to different carriers in an effort to elicit an optimal immune response. as carriers, we utilized the soluble protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin and virus-like particles (vlps) from two plant viruses, cowpea chlorotic mottle virus and cowpea mosaic virus. we have found that coupling the peptide to the soluble protein elicits a th2 immune response, as evidenced by the production of the peptide ...201627164150
bradyrhizobium inoculants enhance grain yields of soybean and cowpea in northern ghana.this study evaluated the symbiotic effectiveness and economic evaluation of rhizobium inoculants with the objective of recommending the most effective inoculant strain for soybean and cowpea production in northern ghana. field experiments were established in three locations using randomized complete block design with five blocks. a total of four treatments (legumefix, biofix, 100 kg n ha(-1) and uninoculated control for soybean and br 3267, br 3262, 100 kg n ha(-1) and uninoculated control for c ...201627965683
metabolomic profiling of bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens-induced root nodules reveals both host plant-specific and developmental signatures.bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens is a nitrogen-fixing endosymbiont, which can grow inside root-nodule cells of the agriculturally important soybean and other host plants. our previous studies described b. diazoefficiens host-specific global expression changes occurring during legume infection at the transcript and protein level. in order to further characterize nodule metabolism, we here determine by flow injection-time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis the metabolome of (i) nodules and roots fr ...201627240350
exploration of photocatalytic properties of microbially designed silver nanoparticles on victoria blue b.victoria blue b (vbb) belongs to triphenylmethane group of dyes, which is widely used in textile industries. hence development of novel treatment methods are of considerable applications in its removal. in the current study, silver nanoparticles (agnps) formed by bacillus amyloliquefaciens was investigated for the degradation of vbb. interestingly, the uv-vis spectroscopy analysis of vbb-agnps treated samples showed a decrease in absorption at 615 nm, which is characteristic of pure vbb. this ti ...201626975321
microbial degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons in crude oil: a field-scale study at the low-land rainforest of ecuador.a field-level feasibility study was conducted to determine total petroleum hydrocarbon (tph)-degrading potential of two bacterial strains, bacillus thuringiensis b3 and b. cereus b6, and two fungi, geomyces pannorum hr and geomyces sp. strain hv, all soil isolates obtained from an oil field located in north-east region of ecuador. crude oil-treated soil samples contained in wooden boxes received a mixture of all the four microorganisms and were incubated for 90 days in an open low-land area of a ...201627928937
metagenomic-based screening and molecular characterization of cowpea-infecting viruses in burkina faso.cowpea, (vigna unguiculata l. (walp)) is an annual tropical grain legume. often referred to as "poor man's meat", cowpea is one of the most important subsistence legumes cultivated in west africa due to the high protein content of its seeds. however, african cowpea production can be seriously constrained by viral diseases that reduce yields. while twelve cowpea-infecting viruses have been reported from africa, only three of these have so-far been reported from burkina faso. here we use a virion- ...201627764211
examining the heterogeneous genome content of multipartite viruses bmv and ccmv by native mass spectrometry.since the concept was first introduced by brian chait and co-workers in 1991, mass spectrometry of proteins and protein complexes under non-denaturing conditions (native ms) has strongly developed, through parallel advances in instrumentation, sample preparation, and data analysis tools. however, the success rate of native ms analysis, particularly in heterogeneous mega-dalton (mda) protein complexes, still strongly depends on careful instrument modification. here, we further explore these bound ...201626926442
bradyrhizobium vignae sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing symbiont isolated from effective nodules of vigna and arachis.twenty one strains of symbiotic bacteria from root nodules of local races of cowpea (vigna unguiculata), bambara groundnut (vigna subterranea) and peanuts (arachis hypogaea) grown on subsistence farmers' fields in the kavango region of namibia, were previously characterized as a novel group within the genus bradyrhizobium. to verify their taxonomic position, the strains were further analysed using a polyphasic approach. 16s rrna gene sequences were most similar to bradyrhizobium manausense br 33 ...201626463703
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