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genome-wide characterization of simple sequence repeats in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).cucumber, cucumis sativus l. is an important vegetable crop worldwide. until very recently, cucumber genetic and genomic resources, especially molecular markers, have been very limited, impeding progress of cucumber breeding efforts. microsatellites are short tandemly repeated dna sequences, which are frequently favored as genetic markers due to their high level of polymorphism and codominant inheritance. data from previously characterized genomes has shown that these repeats vary in frequency, ...201020950470
development and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers in momordica charantia (cucurbitaceae). 201021616876
free radical scavenging and analgesic activities of cucumis sativus l. fruit extract.the aqueous fruit extract of cucumis sativus l. was screened for free radical scavenging and analgesic activities. the extract was subjected to in vitro antioxidant studies at 250 and 500 μg/ml and analgesic study at the doses 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively. the free radical scavenging was compared with ascorbic acid, bha (butylated hydroxyl anisole), whereas, the analgesic effect was compared with diclofenac sodium (50 mg/kg). the c. sativus fruit extract showed maximum antioxidant and analges ...201021264095
antimicrobial activity of sphingolipids isolated from the stems of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).three antimicrobial sphingolipids were separated by bioassay-guided isolation from the chloroform fraction of the crude methanol extract of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) stems and identified as (2s,3s,4r,10e)-2-[(2'r)-2-hydroxytetra-cosanoylamino]-1,3,4-octadecanetriol-10-ene (1), 1-o-β-d-glucopyranosyl(2s,3s,4r,10e)-2-[(2'r)-2-hydroxy-tetracosanoylamino]-1,3,4-octadecanetriol-10-ene (2) and soya-cerebroside i (3) by their physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis. they were evaluate ...201021160453
proteomic characterization of iron deficiency responses in cucumis sativus l. roots.iron deficiency induces in strategy i plants physiological, biochemical and molecular modifications capable to increase iron uptake from the rhizosphere. this effort needs a reorganization of metabolic pathways to efficiently sustain activities linked to the acquisition of iron; in fact, carbohydrates and the energetic metabolism has been shown to be involved in these responses. the aim of this work was to find both a confirmation of the already expected change in the enzyme concentrations induc ...201021122124
visceral regeneration in a sea cucumber involves extensive expression of survivin and mortalin homologs in the mesothelium.the proper balance of cell division and cell death is of crucial importance for all kinds of developmental processes and for maintaining tissue homeostasis in mature tissues. dysregulation of this balance often results in severe pathologies, such as cancer. there is a growing interest in understanding the factors that govern the interplay between cell death and proliferation under various conditions. survivin and mortalin are genes that are known to be implicated in both mitosis and apoptosis an ...201021114850
elemental composition of commercial sea cucumbers (holothurians).toxic and essential elements in 11 different sea cucumber species were determined and compared with daily intake recommendations and maximum allowed levels. the contents of macro-elements contents in dried sea cucumber samples were found to be 25,000-152,000 mg kg(-1) for na, 4000-8600 mg kg(-1) for mg, 1100-5200 mg kg(-1) for k, 15,000-68,000 mg kg(-1) and 36,300-251,000 mg kg(-1) for cl. trace element concentrations in dried sea cucumber samples were found to be 11-100 mg kg(-1) for zn, 41-660 ...201024779624
localization of secondary metabolites in marine invertebrates: contribution of maldi msi for the study of saponins in cuvierian tubules of h. forskali.several species of sea cucumbers of the family holothuriidae possess a particular mechanical defense system called the cuvierian tubules (ct). it is also a chemical defense system as triterpene glycosides (saponins) appear to be particularly concentrated in ct. in the present study, the precise localization of saponins in the ct of holothuria forskali is investigated. classical histochemical labeling using lectin was firstly performed but did not generate any conclusive results. thus, maldi mass ...201021085713
a novel stiffening factor inducing the stiffest state of holothurian catch connective tissue.the dermis of sea cucumbers is a catch connective tissue or mutable collagenous tissue that shows large changes in stiffness. extensive studies on the dermis revealed that it can adopt three different states having different mechanical properties that can be reversibly converted. these are the stiff, standard and soft states. the standard state is readily produced when a dermal piece is immersed in the sea water containing ca²+, whereas the soft state can be produced by removal of ca²+. a stiffe ...201020889821
in vitro fracture testing of submicron diameter collagen fibril specimens.mechanical testing of collagenous tissues at different length scales will provide improved understanding of the mechanical behavior of structures such as skin, tendon, and bone, and also guide the development of multiscale mechanical models. using a microelectromechanical-systems (mems) platform, stress-strain response curves up to failure of type i collagen fibril specimens isolated from the dermis of sea cucumbers were obtained in vitro. a majority of the fibril specimens showed brittle fractu ...201020858445
influence of mitochondrial genome rearrangement on cucumber leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolism.the msc16 cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) mitochondrial mutant was used to study the effect of mitochondrial dysfunction and disturbed subcellular redox state on leaf day/night carbon and nitrogen metabolism. we have shown that the mitochondrial dysfunction in msc16 plants had no effect on photosynthetic co(2) assimilation, but the concentration of soluble carbohydrates and starch was higher in leaves of msc16 plants. impaired mitochondrial respiratory chain activity was associated with the pertur ...201020830597
chemical composition and nutritional quality of sea cucumbers.the dried form of sea cucumbers has been a seafood and medicinal cure for asians over many centuries. in this study the chemical composition and nutritional quality of eight common sea cucumbers (stichopus herrmanni, thelenota ananas, thelenota anax, holothuria fuscogilva, holothuria fuscopunctata, actinopyga mauritiana, actinopyga caerulea and bohadschia argus) were determined.201020718029
residue content of carbaryl applied on greenhouse cucumbers and its reduction by duration of a pre-harvest interval and post-harvest household processing.carbaryl is widely used to control various insect pests on greenhouse cucumbers in iran. therefore the control of residual levels of this insecticide is highly necessary. the effects of the household processing such as washing, peeling and refrigeration storage, at 4 °c for 2 days on the reduction of residue levels in the plant tissues were investigated in the different groups. samples were collected at 1 h to 14 days after application and analysed to determine the content and dissipation rate o ...201020718021
the history of makassan trepang fishing and trade.the malayan term trepang describes a variety of edible holothurians commonly known as sea cucumbers. although found in temperate and tropical marine waters all over the world, the centre of species diversity and abundance are the shallow coastal waters of island southeast asia. for at least 300 years, trepang has been a highly priced commodity in the chinese market. originally, its fishing and trade was a specialized business, centred on the town of makassar in south sulawesi (indonesia). the ri ...201020613871
alleviation of salt stress-induced inhibition of seed germination in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) by ethylene and glutamate.ethylene is an important plant gas hormone, and the amino acid glu is emerging as a messenger molecule in plants. to evaluate the role of ethylene and glu in seed germination and radicle growth under salt stress, effects of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc), ethephon and glu on germination and radicle growth of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seeds in the absence and presence of 200 mm nacl were investigated. seed germination was markedly inhibited by salt stress, and this effect was all ...201020605252
proteomic analysis of cucumber seedling roots subjected to salt stress.to understand metabolic modifications in plants under salt stress, the physiological and biochemical responses of cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv. jinchun no. 2) seedlings to salt stress was investigated. the dry weight and fresh weight of cucumber seedling roots were significantly reduced by treatment with nacl; na(+) and cl(-) were increased, while k(+) and k(+)/na(+) ratio were decreased. to identify components of salt stress signaling, we compared the high resolution two-dimensional gel elec ...201020580043
transcriptome sequencing and comparative analysis of cucumber flowers with different sex types.cucumber, cucumis sativus l., is an economically and nutritionally important crop of the cucurbitaceae family and has long served as a primary model system for sex determination studies. recently, the sequencing of its whole genome has been completed. however, transcriptome information of this species is still scarce, with a total of around 8,000 expressed sequence tag (est) and mrna sequences currently available in genbank. in order to gain more insights into molecular mechanisms of plant sex d ...201020565788
triggers and maintenance of multiple shifts in the state of a natural community.ecological communities can undergo sudden and dramatic shifts between alternative persistent community states. both ecological prediction and natural resource management rely on understanding the mechanisms that trigger such shifts and maintain each state. differentiating between potential mechanisms is difficult, however, because shifts are often recognized only in hindsight and many occur on such large spatial scales that manipulative experiments to test their causes are difficult or impossibl ...201020526781
cucumber volatile blend attractive to female melon fly, bactrocera cucurbitae (coquillett).the melon fly, bactrocera cucurbitae (coquillett), is a serious crop pest throughout the asia pacific sub-continent and southeast asia, causing damage to tree fruits, cucurbits, and related crops. attractants for female melon flies are of particular interest as they could be used in control tactics to reduce pest levels. previous work has shown that freshly sliced cucumbers are attractive to female melon flies, but the compounds responsible for this attraction were not identified. the objective ...201020526732
responses of phospholipase d and lipoxygenase to mechanical wounding in postharvest cucumber fruits.this study was to investigate the responses of phospholipase d (pld) and lipoxygenase (lox) to mechanical wounding in postharvest cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv. biyu-2) fruits. membrane-associated ca2+ content, activities and gene expression of pld and lox, and contents of phosphatidylcholine (pc), phosphatidylinositol (pi), and phosphatidic acid (pa) were determined in cucumber fruits following mechanical wounding. results show that pld and lox activities increased with the pld and lox mrnas ...201020506576
blue light dose-responses of leaf photosynthesis, morphology, and chemical composition of cucumis sativus grown under different combinations of red and blue light.the blue part of the light spectrum has been associated with leaf characteristics which also develop under high irradiances. in this study blue light dose-response curves were made for the photosynthetic properties and related developmental characteristics of cucumber leaves that were grown at an equal irradiance under seven different combinations of red and blue light provided by light-emitting diodes. only the leaves developed under red light alone (0% blue) displayed dysfunctional photosynthe ...201020504875
evidence that water exudes when holothurian connective tissue stiffens.the dermis of the body wall of sea cucumbers is composed mainly of extracellular materials such as collagens, proteoglycans and water; the water content is as high as 80%. yet it shows rapid changes in stiffness under neural control. the dermis has been proposed to assume three mechanical states, soft, standard, and stiff. we investigated the relationship between the stiffness and the dermal mass and volume. both the mass and volume decreased by 15% when the dermis stiffened from the standard st ...201020472783
[effects of water supply tension on photosynthetic characteristics and root activity of greenhouse cucumber].to study the effects of soil water content on the photosynthesis, fluorescence parameters, and root growth of greenhouse cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), a pot experiment was conducted, using a negative pressure water supplying and controlling device to control soil moisture regime. seven levels of water supply tension (wst), i. e., 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 kpa, were designed. the wst was inversely proportional to soil water content, and the gravimetric soil water content was maintained in the ra ...201020387425
[inheritance of parthenocarpy in monoecious cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) under different eco-environments].by using the mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model of quantitative traits, a joint analysis of four-generations obtained after cross between two monoecious inbred lines was made to study the inheritance of parthenocarpy in monoecious cucumber in jiangning (nanjing) and changli (hebei). the interactions between genotype and environment were detected, and the inheritance of parthenocarpy in the monoecious cucumber was fitted in e-1-1 model and controlled by two additive-dominant-epistat ...201020387424
population-level analyses indirectly reveal cryptic sex and life history traits of pseudoperkinsus tapetis (ichthyosporea, opisthokonta): a unicellular relative of the animals.we use population genetics to detect the molecular footprint of a sexual cycle, of a haploid vegetative state, and of lack of host specificity in pseudoperkinsus tapetis, a marine unicellular relative of the animals. prior to this study, complete life cycles were not known for any of the unicellular lineages sharing common ancestry with multicellular animals and fungi. we established the first collection of conspecific cultures of any member from the unicellular opisthokont lineage ichthyosporea ...201020360212
effect of diel activity patterns and harvesting pressure on the diversity and biomass of sea cucumbers in marovo lagoon, solomon islands.a marked decline in the contribution by marovo lagoon to the annual total bêche-de-mer production of the solomon islands from 58% in 1989 to 17% in 2003 prompted investigation of their current biomass and diversity. we also assessed changes to critical ecological services and the prospects for population recovery following a fisheries closure. day time and nocturnal transects revealed a mean abundance of 32.4 (sd = 5.3) low value species per ha (e.g. holothuria atra, h. edulis, h. coluber and th ...201020349313
[nitrogen content testing and diagnosing of cucumber leaves based on multispectral imagines].using ccd camera and special filters, the growth parameters of cucumber plants, the nitrogen content and the area of leaves, were investigated in an experimental greenhouse. in order to make nutrient stress to the plants, different nitrogen levels were prepared. the basic nitrogen content was 0.067 kg x l(-1) and four different levels of nitrogen contents were made to be 2, 1, 0.5, and 0.2 n, respectively. the genetic and water-segment methods were used to separate ir and r2 images from the back ...201020302116
boron toxicity is alleviated by hydrogen sulfide in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seedlings.boron (b) is an essential micronutrient for plants, which when occurs in excess in the growth medium, becomes toxic to plants. rapid inhibition of root elongation is one of the most distinct symptoms of b toxicity. hydrogen sulfide (h(2)s) is emerging as a potential messenger molecule involved in modulation of physiological processes in plants. in the present study, we investigated the role of h(2)s in b toxicity in cucumber (cucumis sativus) seedlings. root elongation was significantly inhibite ...201020224946
molecular cytogenetic mapping of cucumis sativus and c. melo using highly repetitive dna sequences.chromosomes often serve as one of the most important molecular aspects of studying the evolution of species. indeed, most of the crucial mutations that led to differentiation of species during the evolution have occurred at the chromosomal level. furthermore, the analysis of pachytene chromosomes appears to be an invaluable tool for the study of evolution due to its effectiveness in chromosome identification and precise physical gene mapping. by applying fluorescence in situ hybridization of 45s ...201020198418
isolation and characterization of a sea cucumber fucoidan-utilizing marine bacterium.to isolate a fucoidan-utilizing strain from seawater for sea cucumber fucoidan degradation.201020070508
changes in cucumber hypocotyl cell wall dynamics caused by azospirillum brasilense inoculation.we previously reported that azospirillum brasilense induced a more elastic cell wall and a higher apoplastic water fraction in both wheat coleoptile and flag leaf. these biophysical characteristics could permit increased growth. knowledge of the biochemical effects the bacteria could elicit in plant cell walls and how these responses change plant physiology is still scarce. the objective of this work was to analyze whether a. brasilense sp245 inoculation affected elongation and extensibility of ...201019875302
control of downy mildew (pseudoperonospora cubensis) of greenhouse grown cucumbers with alternative biological agents.in organic cucumber production infection with downy mildew (pseudoperonospora cubensis) is a major problem. plant extracts from glycyrrhiza glabra l. (licorice), a plant belonging to the family fabaceae, and salvia officinalis (sage) as well as cultures of the bacterium aneurinibacillus migulanus were investigated for efficacy of disease control under commercial growing conditions. contrary to bioassays, where sage extract and the microorganism showed highest activity, in the trials of 2008 g. g ...201021534461
interaction of dietary bacillus subtilis and fructooligosaccharide on the growth performance, non-specific immunity of sea cucumber, apostichopus japonicus.a feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the interaction of probiotic bacillus subtilis and prebiotic fructooligosaccharide (fos) on the growth performance, immunity, intestinal microflora and disease resistance of sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus). five hundred and forty individuals (initial body weight: 5.06 +/- 0.10 g, mean +/- s.e) were fed nine practical diets according to a 3 x 3 factorial design: the basal diet as the control diet supplemented with three levels of b. subtilis ...201020371291
genetic variation in jasmonic acid- and spider mite-induced plant volatile emission of cucumber accessions and attraction of the predator phytoseiulus persimilis.cucumber plants (cucumis sativus l.) respond to spider-mite (tetranychus urticae) damage with the release of specific volatiles that are exploited by predatory mites, the natural enemies of the spider mites, to locate their prey. the production of volatiles also can be induced by exposing plants to the plant hormone jasmonic acid. we analyzed volatile emissions from 15 cucumber accessions upon herbivory by spider mites and upon exposure to jasmonic acid using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ...201020383796
microbial quality of food available to populations of differing socioeconomic status.low ses has been shown to be linked to poorer-quality diets, decreased consumption of fresh produce, and an increased reliance on small retail stores.201020409496
high-throughput sequencing of hop stunt viroid-derived small rnas from cucumber leaves and phloem.small rna (srna)-guided processes, referred to as rna silencing, regulate endogenous and exogenous gene expression. in plants and some animals, these processes are noncell autonomous and can operate beyond the site of initiation. viroids, the smallest self-replicating plant pathogens known, are inducers, targets and evaders of this regulatory mechanism and, consequently, the presence of viroid-derived srnas (vd-srnas) is usually associated with viroid infection. however, the pathways involved in ...201020447283
host range and complete genome sequence of cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus, a new member of the genus crinivirus.cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (ccyv) causes chlorotic yellows on cucumber (cucumis sativus) and melon (cucumis melo) and is transmitted by bemisia tabaci biotype b and q whiteflies. to characterize the host range of ccyv, 21 cucurbitaceous and 12 other plant species were inoculated using whitefly vectors. all tested cucumis spp. except cucumis anguria and cucumis zeyheri were systemically infected with ccyv, although infection rates varied among species. citrullus lanatus, cucurbita pepo, and ...201020465411
comparative qsar studies on toxicity of phenol derivatives using quantum topological molecular similarity indices.quantitative structure activity relationship (qsar) analyses using a novel type of electronic descriptors called quantum topological molecular similarity (qtms) indices were operated to describe and compare the mechanisms of toxicity of phenols toward five different strains (i.e., tetrahymena pyriformis, l1210 leukemia, pseudomonas putida, raja japonica and cucumis sativus). the appropriate qsar models for the toxicity data were obtained separately employing partial least squares (pls) regressio ...201020486939
fermentation of cucumbers brined with calcium chloride instead of sodium chloride.waste water containing high levels of nacl from cucumber fermentation tank yards is a continuing problem for the pickled vegetable industry. a major reduction in waste salt could be achieved if nacl were eliminated from the cucumber fermentation process. the objectives of this project were to ferment cucumbers in brine containing cacl(2) as the only salt, to determine the course of fermentation metabolism in the absence of nacl, and to compare firmness retention of cucumbers fermented in cacl(2) ...201020492282
preservation of acidified cucumbers with a natural preservative combination of fumaric acid and allyl isothiocyanate that target lactic acid bacteria and yeasts.without the addition of preservative compounds cucumbers acidified with 150 mm acetic acid with ph adjusted to 3.5 typically undergo fermentation by lactic acid bacteria. fumaric acid (20 mm) inhibited growth of lactobacillus plantarum and the lactic acid bacteria present on fresh cucumbers, but spoilage then occurred due to growth of fermentative yeasts, which produced ethanol in the cucumbers. allyl isothiocyanate (2 mm) prevented growth of zygosaccharomyces globiformis, which has been respons ...201020546411
aluminum-induced oxidative stress in cucumber.aluminum (al) is one of the most abundant elements of the planet and exposure to this metal can cause oxidative stress and lead to various signs of toxicity in plants. plants are essential organisms for the environment as well as food for humans and animals. the toxic effect of aluminum is the major cause of decreased crop productivity. thus, the objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of aluminum on the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (cat - e.c. 1.11.1.6), su ...201020554214
identification of the pathogens associated with skin ulceration and peristome tumescence in cultured sea cucumbers apostichopus japonicus (selenka).the aquaculture of sea cucumbers apostichopus japonicus (selenka) has developed rapidly in china in recent years, but is increasingly affected by diseases such as skin ulceration and peristome tumescence. previous studies on the pathogens causing these diseases focused largely on bacterial causes. in december 2008, we isolated four dominant bacterial species from lesions present in a. japonicus with the aforementioned diseases, from a farm in yangkou (qingdao, china). with two of these bacterial ...201020561977
development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the rapid detection of haloxyfop-p-methyl.an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-elisa) for the herbicide haloxyfop-p-methyl is reported. two haptens of haloxyfop-p-methyl with different spacer-arm lengths were synthesized, to which polyclonal antibodies were obtained by immunizing new zealand rabbits. the most sensitive combination of antibody/coating antigen was selected by homologous and heterologous assays. the results indicated that the spacer-arm length of hapten can affect assay sensitivity. the optimized i ...201020593822
protective role of three vegetable peels in alloxan induced diabetes mellitus in male mice.the hitherto unknown glucose regulating role of three vegetable peels from cucurbitaceae family was evaluated. in a preliminary study, effects of ethanolic extracts of cucurbita pepo, cucumis sativus and praecitrullus fistulosus peels were studied at 250 and 500 mg kg(-1) d(-1) for 15 days in the alterations in serum glucose and in hepatic lipid peroxidation (lpo) in male mice. in the pilot experiment, the effective and safe concentration of each peel was administered (p.o.) for 10 consecutive d ...201020614191
casein kinase activity in etiolated cucumis sativus cotyledons.two calcium- and light-dependent protein kinases have been reported in etiolated cucumis sativus cotyledons (vidal et al. 2007). in the present work, we studied casein kinase (ck) activity in etiolated cucumber cotyledons of in-gel and in vitro kinase assays, using specific ck inhibitors, and atp and gtp as phosphate donors. two proteins with ck activity were detected in both casein gels and autophosphorylation assays. one of them, with a molecular mass of approximately 36 kda, showed biochemica ...201020653896
cucumber (cucumis sativus) and melon (c. melo) have numerous wild relatives in asia and australia, and the sister species of melon is from australia.among the fundamental questions regarding cultivated plants is their geographic origin and region of domestication. the genus cucumis, which includes cucumber (cucumis sativus) and melon (cucumis melo), has numerous wild african species, and it has therefore been assumed that melon originated in africa. for cucumber, this seemed less likely because wild cucumbers exist in india and a closely related species lives in the eastern himalayas. using dna sequences from plastid and nuclear markers for ...201020656934
[optimization of vermicomposting of organics enriched with phosphorites with participation of phosphate-mobilizing microorganisms].active strains of microorganisms capable to mobilize phosphorus from poorly soluble compounds were isolated from the vermicompost. representatives of pseudomonas genus dominate in assemblages of phosphate-mobilizing humus microbiota. the strains pseudomonas sp. 17 and pseudomonas sp. 22, which promote liberation of the greatest quantity of water-soluble phosphorus were selected under vermicomposting of organics enriched with phosphorites with participation of active phosphate-mobilizing microorg ...201020695224
synthesis and biological evaluation of 2,5-bis(alkylamino)-1,4-benzoquinones.a series of twelve 2,5-bis(alkylamino)-1,4-benzoquinones were prepared in yields ranging from 9-58% via the reaction between p-benzoquinone and various amines. the structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by ir, 1h- and 13c-nmr and ms analyses. the phytotoxicity of the 2,5-bis(alkylamino)-1,4-benzoquinones was evaluated against two crop species, cucumis sativus and sorgum bicolor, at 1.0 x 10(-3) mol/l. in general, the quinones displayed inhibitory effects on the dicotyledonous spe ...201020714317
bacterial composting of animal fleshing generated from tannery industries.animal fleshing (anfl) is the major proteinaceous solid waste generated during the manufacture of leather, which requires to be disposed of by environmentally sound manner. this study reports about the treatment of anfl into an organic compost and its effects on physiological parameters of different crops in a laboratory study. the anfl was hydrolysed using selenomonas ruminantium hm000123 and then the hydrolysed anfl was mixed with cow dung and leaf litter for producing composted organic fertil ...201020727727
toxicities of fipronil enantiomers to the honeybee apis mellifera l. and enantiomeric compositions of fipronil in honey plant flowers.fipronil is a chiral phenylpyrazole insecticide that is effective for control of a wide range of agricultural and domestic pests at low application rates. wide application of fipronil also causes poisoning of some nontarget insects, such as honeybees. in the present study, toxicities of fipronil enantiomers and racemate to the honeybee apis mellifera l. were determined to examine whether using formulations of single or enriched fipronil enantiomer is a possible option to reduce risks to bees. co ...201020821427
phytoremediation of mercury in pristine and crude oil contaminated soils: contributions of rhizobacteria and their host plants to mercury removal.the rhizospheric soils of three tested legume crops: broad beans (vicia faba), beans (phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (pisum sativum), and two nonlegume crops: cucumber (cucumis sativus) and tomato, (lycopersicon esculentum) contained considerable numbers (the magnitude of 10(5)g(-1) soil) of bacteria with the combined potential for hydrocarbon-utilization and mercury-resistance. sequencing of the 16s rrna coding genes of rhizobacteria associated with broad beans revealed that they were affiliated t ...201020833430
gibberellin production and plant growth promotion from pure cultures of cladosporium sp. mh-6 isolated from cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).gibberellin (ga) production by soil fungi has received little attention, although substantial work has been carried out on other aspects of plant growth promoting fungi (pgpf). in our studies we investigated ga production and growth-promoting capacity of a novel fungal strain isolated from the roots of soil-grown cucumber. pure cultures of 19 endophytic fungi were tested for shoot length promotion of waito-c rice to identify the ga production capacity of these fungal isolates. isolate mh-6 signi ...201020943499
fine genetic mapping localizes cucumber scab resistance gene ccu into an r gene cluster.scab, caused by cladosporium cucumerinum, is an important disease of cucumber, cucumis sativus. in this study, we conducted fine genetic mapping of the single dominant scab resistance gene, ccu, with 148 f(9) recombinant inbred lines (rils) and 1,944 f(2) plants derived from the resistant cucumber inbred line 9110gt and the susceptible line 9930, whose draft genome sequence is now available. a framework linkage map was first constructed with simple sequence repeat markers placing ccu into the te ...201021104067
phenotypic and genetic characterization of bacteria isolated from diseased cultured sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus in northeastern china.during the winter-spring from 2004 to 2006 in northeastern china cultured japanese sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus suffered from a serious disease. clinical signs included swollen mouth, skin ulceration and massive mortality. clinical samples taken during this period were studied. thirty-one bacterial samples were isolated from diseased sea cucumbers and identified through biochemical tests, 16s rrna gene sequence analysis and pcr amplification, followed by pathogenicity determination. the r ...201021133322
identification and transcriptional profiling of differentially expressed genes associated with resistance to pseudoperonospora cubensis in cucumber.to identify genes induced during pseudoperonospora cubensis (berk. and curk.) rostov. infection in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), the suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) was performed using mixed cdnas prepared from cucumber seedlings inoculated with the pathogen as a tester and cdna from uninfected cucumber seedlings as a driver. a forward subtractive cdna library (fsl) and a reverse subtractive cdna library (rsl) were constructed, from which 1,416 and 1,128 recombinant clones were isol ...201021153027
management of root knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita in cucumber (cucumis sativus) using silicon.silicon (si) has been reported to effectively manage some pests and diseases of plants. this study was conducted to determine the effect of si concentration, mode, and frequency of application in managing meloidogyne incognita in cucumber. a susceptible cultivar of cucumber (cv. cyclone) was planted in pots containing heat-sterilized soil. three weeks after planting, the plants were inoculated with 1,000 juveniles/ pot. uninoculated plants were provided to serve as control. three concentrations ...201021539270
bioactivity as an options value of sea cucumbers in the egyptian red sea.the utility of a species can be divided into its direct, indirect, and options values. in the marine environment, direct consumptive values predominate and often lead to overexploitation at the expense of significant options values derived through bioprospecting for natural products. we surveyed the waters of the egyptian red sea coast (gulf of aqaba [north] and the red sea [south]) for species of sea cucumbers and analyzed extracts from species for a range of bioactivities with potential biomed ...201019624530
antagonistic effect of acetic acid and salt for inactivating escherichia coli o157:h7 in cucumber puree.this study was conducted to investigate the effects of acetic acid alone or combined with salt for inhibiting escherichia coli o157:h7 in cucumber puree during storage time at 5 and 22 degrees c.201019840183
chlorotic curly stunt: a severe begomovirus disease of bottle gourd in northern india.bottle gourd (lagenaria siceraria) an important vegetable crop in india was observed to be affected by a chlorotic curly stunt disease (ccsd) during 2003-2006 in the vegetable growing areas of delhi and adjoining state of haryana. the affected plants are severely stunted and bear very small chlorotic and mildly curled leaves. incidence of the disease varied from 4.7 to 36%. the disease could be easily transmitted by whitefly, bemisia tabaci but not by sap. the causal virus was found to be a bego ...201023637479
simplification and optimization of deman rogosa sharpe (mrs) medium for enhanced production of bacteriocin by weissella paramesenteroides dfr-8.complex growth medium such as deman rogosa sharpe (mrs) medium, commonly used for cultivation of fastidious lactic acid bacteria (lab) interfere in bacteriocin purification. sometimes all the ingredients of a defined medium are not required by all lab strains for bacteriocin production. in the present study, composition of the mrs medium for the production of bacteriocin by weissella paramesenteroides dfr-8, an isolate from cucumber (cucumis sativus), was simplified and optimized with a step-wis ...201023572634
dieldrin uptake and translocation in plants growing in hydroponic medium.it has been known that the cucurbitaceae family takes up a large amount of persistent organic pollutants from soils and that the translocation of those compounds in cucurbits is higher than those in non-cucurbits. to understand the persistent organic pollutant uptake mechanisms of plant species, we compared the dieldrin absorption and transportation potentials of several plants in hydroponic medium. sorghum (sorghum vulgare moench), sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), soybean (glycine max), komats ...201020821429
dieldrin-dissolving abilities of the xylem saps of several plant families, particularly cucurbita pepo l.the uptake ability of hydrophobic organic chemicals by plants and the nature of xylem sap of the plants were studied. the plants were grown in soil contaminated with dieldrin. high amounts of dieldrin were detected in the shoots of cucurbita pepo and cucumis sativus, but little was seen in the shoots of brassica oleracea var. italica, solanum lycopersicum, glycine max, zea mays, and helianthus annuus. the xylem saps of c. pepo and c. sativus leached dieldrin adsorbed on c8 granules, but those of ...201020872691
evidence of physiological phototropin1 (phot1) action in response to uv-c illumination.stem growth kinetics were measured in cucumber (cucumis sativus) and arabidopsis thaliana using highly-sensitive monitoring with 5-minute resolution, in darkness and in response to a short, single pulse of uv-c illumination. the results show that uv-c, like blue light, induces a rapid decrease in seedling growth rate. the fluence-response kinetics and time course were similar to the phototropin1 mediated response observed following a blue pulse. arabidopsis seedlings were used to assess the gene ...201020861684
biochemical changes associated with in vivo rbcl fragmentation by reactive oxygen species under chilling-light conditions.during physiological stress, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) degradation is accelerated, which is considered to be one of the key factors responsible for photosynthetic decline. a recent study has shown that the large subunit (rbcl) of rubisco is directly fragmented by hydroxyl radicals in cucumis sativus leaves under chilling-light conditions. in the present study, we investigated biochemical aspects associated with this in vivo rbcl fragmentation by reactive oxygen sp ...201020653886
a lysine-63-linked ubiquitin chain-forming conjugase, ubc13, promotes the developmental responses to iron deficiency in arabidopsis roots.iron-deficiency responses comprise molecular, physiological and developmental adjustments, ultimately leading to an improved cellular fe homeostasis. by using a proteomic approach, we identified the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme ubc13 as being highly responsive to the fe regime at the post-transcriptional level in the tips of cucumber (cucumis sativus) roots. ubc13 has been shown to catalyze non-canonical lys63-linked ubiquitin chains, playing important roles in signal transduction among eukaryot ...201020113438
photomorphogenic regulation of increases in uv-absorbing pigments in cucumber (cucumis sativus) and arabidopsis thaliana seedlings induced by different uv-b and uv-c wavebands.brief (1-100 min) irradiations with three different ultraviolet-b (uv-b) and ultraviolet-c (uv-c) wave bands induced increases the uv-absorbing pigments extracted from cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) and arabidopsis. spectra of methanol/1% hcl extracts from cucumber hypocotyl segments spanning 250-400 nm showed a single defined peak at 317 nm. when seedlings were irradiated with 5 kj m(-2) uv-b radiation containing proportionally greater short wavelength uv-b (37% of uv-b between 280 and 300 nm; f ...201020070846
origin of a gene regulatory mechanism in the evolution of echinoderms.a rich diversity of ancient sea urchin lineages survives to the present. these include several advanced orders as well as the cidaroids, which represent the group ancestral to all other sea urchins. here we show that all advanced groups of sea urchins examined possess in their eggs a class of maternal messenger rna (mrna) encoded by the evolutionarily highly conserved alpha-subtype histone genes. the maternal histone mrnas are unique in their time of accumulation in oogenesis, their localization ...20106462215
the genome sequence of the north-european cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) unravels evolutionary adaptation mechanisms in plants.cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), a widely cultivated crop, has originated from eastern himalayas and secondary domestication regions includes highly divergent climate conditions e.g. temperate and subtropical. we wanted to uncover adaptive genome differences between the cucumber cultivars and what sort of evolutionary molecular mechanisms regulate genetic adaptation of plants to different ecosystems and organism biodiversity. here we present the draft genome sequence of the cucumis sativus genome ...201121829493
acute exposure to uv-b sensitizes cucumber, tomato, and arabidopsis plants to photooxidative stress by inhibiting thermal energy dissipation and antioxidant defense.to characterize a change in npq upon exposure to ultraviolet-b (uv-b), the xanthophyll cycle-dependent and -independent npqs were compared in cucumis sativus, lycopersicum esculentum, and arabidopsis thaliana leaves. the xanthophyll cycle-dependent npq was dramatically but reversibly suppressed by uv-b radiation. this suppression was correlated more strongly with a marked decrease in photosynthetic electron transport rather than changes in xanthophyll cycle enzymes such as violaxanthin de-epoxid ...201121436613
taxonomic significance of trichomes micromorphology in cucurbits.studies on trichomes micromorphology using scanning electron microscope (sem) were undertaken in 23 species with one variety under 13 genera of the family cucurbitaceae (viz., benincasa hispida (thunb.) cogn., citrullus lanatus (thunb.) matsum. & nakai, cucumis melo var. agrestis naudin, cucumis sativus l., diplocyclos palmatus (l.) c. jeffrey, edgaria dargeelingensis c.b. clarke, gynostemma burmanicum king ex chakr., gynostemma pentaphyllum (thunb.) makino, gynostemma pubescens (gagnep.) c.y. w ...201123961108
a horizontally transferred trna(cys) gene in the sugar beet mitochondrial genome: evidence that the gene is present in diverse angiosperms and its transcript is aminoacylated.of the two trna(cys) (gca) genes, trnc1-gca and trnc2-gca, previously identified in mitochondrial genome of sugar beet, the former is a native gene and probably a pseudo-copy, whereas the latter, of unknown origin, is transcribed into a trna [trna(cys2) (gca)]. in this study, the trnc2-gca sequence was mined from various public databases. to evaluate whether or not the trnc2-gca sequence is located in the mitochondrial genome, the relative copy number of its sequence to nuclear gene was assessed ...201121699590
populations of predators and parasitoids of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) after the application of eight biorational insecticides in vegetable crops.the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), is an important pest of vegetables and many other crops worldwide. eight biorational insecticides (based on oil, plant derivatives, insect growth regulator and fungus) were evaluated in the field for their influence on populations of six natural enemies of b. tabaci. natural populations of two predators [chrysoperla carnea stephen (neuroptera: chrysopidae) and orius spp. (hemiptera: anthocoridae)] and two genera of pa ...201121480463
development of new microsatellite dna markers from apostichopus japonicus and their cross-species application in parastichopus parvimensis and pathallus mollis.twenty microsatellite dna markers were developed for sea cucumber and used to investigate polymorphisms of 60 wild apostichopus japonicus individuals collected from china. it revealed that all the markers were polymorphic. a total of 164 alleles were detected at 20 loci. the number of alleles per locus varied from 3 to 17 with an average of 8.2, and the expected heterozygosities of each locus ranged from 0.03 to 0.89 with an average of 0.64. cross-species amplification was also conducted in para ...201122016632
allele-specific pcr genotyping of the hsp70 gene polymorphism discriminating the green and red color variants sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus).color variation is a well-known feature of sea cucumbers (apostichopus japonicus), which are classified into three groups based on their colors of red, green and black. it is also one of the most important traits related to how they taste, and it thereby affects their market price. attempts were made to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and to analyze differences associated with snp genotypes between green and red color variants using hsp70 as the target gene. the hsp70 gene, which ...201121867961
large scale gene expression profiling during intestine and body wall regeneration in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus.sea cucumbers are fascinating invertebrate organisms because of their ability to rapidly regenerate many organs and appendages. in this study 454 cdna sequencing method was used to characterize transcriptome in apostichopus japonicus in order to investigate genes that are active in regeneration. based on sequence similarity with known genes, our analysis identified 6590 genes expressed in the early stages of regeneration of the intestine and body wall. assembled sequences were annotated with gen ...201121501978
effect of vermicompost and cucumber cultivar on population growth attributes of the melon aphid (hemiptera: aphididae).worldwide, the developing industry of cucumbers (cucumis sativus l.) grown in greenhouses is threatened by damage from sucking pests, especially aphids. among these, the melon aphid, aphis gossypii glover (hemiptera: aphididae), is the most serious. we tested the effect of two cucumber cultivars ('royal' and'storm') and three vermicompost concentrations (0 [control], 20, and 30%) in field soil on the development and fecundity rates of a. gossypii, by using a randomized complete block design with ...201121882707
effects of above- and belowground herbivory on growth, pollination, and reproduction in cucumber.plants experience unique challenges due to simultaneous life in two spheres, above- and belowground. interactions with other organisms on one side of the soil surface may have impacts that extend across this boundary. although our understanding of plant-herbivore interactions is derived largely from studies of leaf herbivory, belowground root herbivores may affect plant fitness directly or by altering interactions with other organisms, such as pollinators. in this study, we investigated the effe ...201120859750
trichoderma harzianum sqr-t037 rapidly degrades allelochemicals in rhizospheres of continuously cropped cucumbers.to alleviate the stress of continuous cropping for cucumber continuous cropping (ccc) system, a beneficial fungus trichoderma harzianum sqr-t037 (sqr-t037) was isolated and applied to soil to degrade allelochemicals exuded from cucumber plants in a rhizobox experiment. the following phenolic acids (pas), classified as allelochemicals, were isolated and identified from cucumber rhizospheres: 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, benzoic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, and cinnamic aci ...201120972783
potential use of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) endophytic fungi as seed treatment agents against root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.seed treatment with endophytic fungi has been regarded as an effective method for plant parasitic nematode control. endophytic fungi from cucumber seedlings were isolated and screened for their potential to be used as seed treatment agents against meloidogyne incognita. among the 294 isolates screened, 23 significantly reduced galls formed by m. incognita in greenhouse test. the 10 most effective isolates were fusarium (5), trichoderma (1), chaetomium (1), acremonium (1), paecilomyces (1), and p ...201121370507
molecular characterization of pathogenic fusarium species in cucurbit plants from kermanshah province, iran.fusarium is one of the important phytopathogenic genera of microfungi causing serious losses on cucurbit plants in kermanshah province, the largest area of cucurbits plantation in iran. therefore, the objectives in this study were to isolate and identify disease-causing fusarium spp. from infected cucurbit plants, to ascertain their pathogenicity, and to determine their phylogenetic relationships. a total of 100 fusarium isolates were obtained from diseased cucurbit plants collected from fields ...201123961146
copper-induced oxidative damage, antioxidant response and genotoxicity in lycopersicum esculentum mill. and cucumis sativus l.adequate copper (cu(2+)) concentrations are required for plants; however, at higher concentrations it can also cause multiple toxic effects. in the present study, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide levels as well as ascorbate peroxidase (apx: ec 1/11/1/11) and catalase (cat: ec 1.11.1.6) activities were determined in lycopersicum esculentum mill. and cucumis sativus l. seedlings after 7-day exposure to copper sulfate. in addition, dna damage in these two crops was assessed by measuring micron ...201121556706
occurrence of clostridium perfringens from different cultivated soils.the occurrence of clostridium perfringens was estimated in 750 samples originated from a variety of soils bearing various bulb crops: brawnica oderacea (vegetable), olea europaea, daucus carota (carote), solanum tuberosum (potato), phaseolus vulgaris (green haricot), beta vulgaris var. rapaceum (beetroot), cucurbita pepo (squash), allium cepa (onion), cucumis sativus (cucumber) and capsicum annum (pepper). all isolated strains were tested for their antimicrobial activities to amoxicillin, penici ...201121621626
outbreak of e coli in germany is linked to cucumbers from spain. 201121628379
effects of dietary β-glucan, mannan oligosaccharide and their combinations on growth performance, immunity and resistance against vibrio splendidus of sea cucumber, apostichopus japonicus.a 4-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary β-glucan, mannan oligosaccharide (mos) and their combinations on growth performance, immunity and disease resistance of sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. sea cucumbers (1215 individuals with initial weight of 3.8 ± 0.2 g) were fed nine practical diets according to a 3 × 3 factorial design: the basal diet as the control supplemented with three levels of β-glucan (0, 0.075, 0.15% w/w), crossed with 0, 0.1% (w/w ...201121672632
[effect of phytohormones synthesized by rhizosphere bacteria on plants].new strains of rhizosphere microorganisms azotobacter chroococcum az d10, bacillus megaterium p1-04, and bacillus mucilaginosus b-1574 were found to be able to synthesize cytokinins (cks) and indolylacetic acid (iaa). three forms of cks-dihydrozeatin riboside, isopentenyl adenosine, and trans-zeatin riboside-were identified, whose ratio was different in the three bacterial cultures. inoculation of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) plants increased the content of cks and iaa in them by 35.6 and 21.3% ...201121790030
synthesis of green note aroma compounds by biotransformation of fatty acids using yeast cells coexpressing lipoxygenase and hydroperoxide lyase.green notes are substances that characterize the aroma of freshly cut grass, cucumbers, green apples, and foliage. in plants, they are synthesized by conversion of linolenic or linoleic acid via the enzymes lipoxygenase (lox) and hydroperoxide lyase (hpl) to short-chained aldehydes. current processes for production of natural green notes rely on plant homogenates as enzyme sources but are limited by low enzyme concentration and low specificity. in an alternative approach, soybean lox2 and waterm ...201121789493
molecular cloning and expression of a cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) heme oxygenase-1 gene, csho1, which is involved in adventitious root formation.our previous work showed that in cucumber (cucumis sativus), auxin rapidly induces heme oxygenase (ho) activity and the product of ho action, carbon monoxide (co), then triggers the signal transduction events leading to adventitious root formation. in this study, the cucumber ho-1 gene (named as csho1) was isolated and sequenced. it contains four exons and three introns and encodes a polypeptide of 291 amino acids. further results show that csho1 shares a high homology with plant ho-1 proteins a ...201121784139
biocontrol of rhizoctonia solani damping-off disease in cucumber with bacillus pumilus sqr-n43.biological control is an efficient and environmentally friendly way to prevent damping-off disease. micrographs were used to investigate the ability of bacillus pumilus (b. pumilus) sqr-n43 to control rhizoctonia solani (r. solani) q1 in cucumbers. the root colonization ability of b. pumilus sqr-n43 was analyzed in vivo with a green fluorescent protein (gfp) tag. a pot experiment was performed to assess the in vivo disease-control efficiency of b. pumilus sqr-n43 and its bio-organic fertilizer. ...201121775112
preservation of acidified cucumbers with a combination of fumaric acid and cinnamaldehyde that target lactic acid bacteria and yeasts.ôçé the naturally occurring compound, fumaric acid, was evaluated as a potential preservative for the long-term storage of cucumbers. fumaric acid inhibited growth of lactic acid bacteria (lab) in an acidified cucumber juice medium model system resembling conditions that could allow preservation of cucumbers in the presence of sodium benzoate. forty millimolars of fumaric acid were required to inhibit growth of an extremely aciduric lactobacillus plantarum la0445 strain at ph 3.8. half of this c ...201121824132
microsporidiosis: not just in aids patients.microsporidia have emerged as causes of opportunistic infections associated with diarrhea and wasting in aids patients. this review describes recent reports of microsporidiosis in hiv-infected individuals and the growing awareness of microsporidiosis in non-hiv-infected populations.201121844802
fine genetic mapping of cp: a recessive gene for compact (dwarf) plant architecture in cucumber, cucumis sativus l.the compact (dwarf) plant architecture is an important trait in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) breeding that has the potential to be used in once-over mechanical harvest of cucumber production. compact growth habit is controlled by a simply inherited recessive gene cp. with 150 f(2:3) families derived from two inbred cucumber lines, pi 308915 (compact vining) and pi 249561 (regular vining), we conducted genome-wide molecular mapping with microsatellite (simple sequence repeat, ssr) markers. a fra ...201121735235
structures and cytotoxic properties of cucumariosides h(2), h(3) and h(4) from the sea cucumber eupentacta fraudatrix.new triterpene glycosides, cucumariosides h(2) (1), h(3) (2) and h(4) (3), have been isolated from the far eastern sea cucumber eupentacta fraudatrix. the structures of 1-3 were elucidated using extensive nmr spectroscopy ((1)h- and (13)c-nmr, dept, (1)h-(1)h cosy, 1d tocsy, h2bc, hmbc, heteronuclear single-quantum coherence, and noesy) and esi-ms. glycosides 1-3 are monosulphated branched pentaosides having rare 3-o-methyl-d-xylose as a terminal monosaccharide. glycosides 1 and 3 contain holost ...201121988182
Partial sequencing of the bottle gourd genome reveals markers useful for phylogenetic analysis and breeding.Bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.] is an important cucurbit crop worldwide. Archaeological research indicates that bottle gourd was domesticated more than 10,000 years ago, making it one of the earliest plants cultivated by man. In spite of its widespread importance and long history of cultivation almost nothing has been known about the genome of this species thus far.201121942996
Colonization of cucumber seeds by bacteria during germination.Detailed analysis revealed fundamental differences between bacterial association with cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seeds and seedlings roots. Seed colonization by bacteria seems to result from passive encounter between bacteria, conveyed by imbibed soil solution, and the germinating seed. In accordance, the seed-associated bacterial community composition directly reflected that of the germination medium and was characterized by low dominance. Transition from seed to root was marked by a shift in b ...201121883798
Autotoxicity and allelopathy of 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone isolated from Picea schrenkiana needles.Bioassay-guided fractionation of the diethyl ether fraction of a water extract of Picea schrenkiana needles led to the isolation of the phenolic compound 3,4-dihydroxy- acetophenone (DHAP). The allelopathic effects of DHAP were evaluated under laboratory conditions on P. schrenkiana, rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), lettuce (Latuca sativa L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.). DHAP significantly inhibited seed ...201122024957
variation in herbivory-induced volatiles among cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) varieties has consequences for the attraction of carnivorous natural enemies.in response to herbivory by arthropods, plants emit herbivory-induced volatiles that attract carnivorous enemies of the inducing herbivores. here, we compared the attractiveness of eight cucumber varieties (cucumis sativus l.) to phytoseiulus persimilis predatory mites after infestation of the plants with herbivorous spider mites (tetranychus urticae) under greenhouse conditions. attractiveness differed considerably, with the most attractive variety attracting twice as many predators as the leas ...201121249432
the genetic basis of resistance to downy mildew in cucumis spp.--latest developments and prospects.downy mildew, caused by the oomycete pathogen pseudoperonospora cubensis, is one of the most destructive diseases of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) and muskmelon (c. melo l.). although the process of pathogenesis is well understood, there are few disease control options available. the development and deployment of resistant cultivars is generally considered to be the best approach to control downy mildew. the recently completed sequencing of the cucumber genome provides a great opportunity for re ...201121318301
cinnamic acid pretreatment mitigates chilling stress of cucumber leaves through altering antioxidant enzyme activity.to elucidate the physiological mechanism of chilling stress mitigated by cinnamic acid (ca) pretreatment, a cucumber variety (cucumis sativus cv. jinchun no. 4) was pretreated with 50 µm ca for 2d and was then cultivated at two temperatures (15/8 and 25/18 °c) for 1d. we investigated whether exogenous ca could protect cucumber plantlets from chilling stress (15/8 °c) and examined whether the protective effect was associated with the regulation of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation. at 2d ...201121353326
watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (wmcsv): a serious disease threatening watermelon production in jordan.the incidence of watermelon chlorotic stunt disease and the molecular characterization of the jordanian isolate of watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (wmcsv-[jo]) are described in this study. symptomatic leaf samples obtained from watermelon (citrullus lanatus thunb.), melon (cucumis melo l.), squash (cucurbita pepo), cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), and bottle gourd (lagenaria siceraria) plants were tested for wmcsv-[jo] infection by pcr. the virus could be detected in 8 melon and 87 watermelon sam ...201121399920
detection of volatile spoilage metabolites in fermented cucumbers using nontargeted, comprehensive 2-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (gc×gc-tofms).a nontargeted, comprehensive 2-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (gc×gc-tofms) method was developed for the analysis of fermented cucumber volatiles before and after anaerobic spoilage. volatile compounds extracted by solid-phase microextraction were separated on a polyethylene glycol 1st-dimension column and 14% cyanopropylphenyl 2nd-dimension column. among 314 components detected in fermented cucumber brine, 199 had peak areas with coefficients of variation below ...201121535646
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