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the essential role of ghpel gene, encoding a pectate lyase, in cell wall loosening by depolymerization of the de-esterified pectin during fiber elongation in cotton.cotton fiber elongation, largely achieved by cell wall loosening, is an important stage during cotton fiber development. in this present research, a fiber preferential cdna encoding a pectate lyase (pel) which could exclusively degrade the de-esterified pectin was isolated from a cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fiber cdna library. subsequently, the corresponding pel genes were isolated from four different cotton species and characterized. in vitro enzyme assays indicated that ghpel really exhibited ...201020131110
methodological evaluation of 2-de to study root proteomics during nematode infection in cotton and coffee plants.the identification of plant proteins expressed in response to phytopathogens is a remaining challenge to proteome methodology. proteomic methods, such as electrophoresis and mass spectrometry have been extensively used for protein differential expression studies in several plants including arabidopsis thaliana, rice, and wheat. however, in coffee (coffea canephora) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum), bidimensional electrophoresis (2-de) analysis has been rarely employed. moreover, global protein ex ...201020213576
molecular characterization and experimental host-range of two begomoviruses infecting clerodendrum cyrtophyllum in china.two begomovirus isolates (yx2-i and yx2-ii) were identified from clerodendrum cyrtophyllum showing yellow mosaic symptoms collected in jiangsu province of china. sequence analysis reveals that yx2-i is a distinct begomovirus species for which the name clerodendrum golden mosaic jiangsu virus (clgmjsv-[cn:yx2:08]) is proposed. yx2-ii is an isolate of bipartite begomovirus clerodendrum golden mosaic china virus (clgmcnv-[cn:yx2:08]). infectious clones of the two viruses were constructed and agroin ...201020532974
spatial dynamics of stink bugs (hemiptera: pentatomidae) and associated boll injury in southeastern cotton fields.grid sampling (one sample per 0.40 ha) in 12 cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fields for stink bugs and boll injury caused by stink bug feeding was conducted in 2007 and 2008 in south carolina and georgia. the main species collected using the beat cloth method were the green stink bug, acrosternum hilare (say) (69%); brown stink bug, euschistus servus (say) (18%); and the southern green stink bug, nezara viridula (l.) (14%), respectively. the inverted distance weighted interpolation method and spa ...201020550811
potential impact of differential production of the cry2ab and cry1ac proteins in transgenic cotton in response to cold stress.transgenic bollgard ii cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., expresses cry1ac and cry2ab proteins that provide control of lepidopteran larvae, including helicoverpa and heliothis species (lepidoptera: noctuidae) worldwide. experiments conducted at katherine, northern territory, australia evaluated the impact of night minimum temperatures on cry1ac and cry2ab protein levels in bollgard ii cotton. in both 2003 and 2004, potted plants were either grown outside continuously or protected from cold in a glas ...201020857729
[photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and water use efficiency of cotton canopy in oasis edge of linze].the measurement system of li-8100 carbon flux and the modified assimilation chamber were used to study the photosynthetic characteristics of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) canopy in the oasis edge region in middle reach of heihe river basin, mid hexi corridor of gansu. at the experimental site, soil respiration and evaporation rates were significantly higher in late june than in early august, and the diurnal variation of canopy photosynthetic rate showed single-peak type. the photosynthetic rate ...201020873616
cotton plants expressing cyp6ae14 double-stranded rna show enhanced resistance to bollworms.rna interference (rnai) plays an important role in regulating gene expression in eukaryotes. previously, we generated arabidopsis and tobacco plants expressing double-stranded rna (dsrna) targeting a cotton bollworm (helicoverpa armigera) p450 gene, cyp6ae14. bollworms fed on transgenic dscyp6ae14 plants showed suppressed cyp6ae14 expression and reduced growth on gossypol-containing diet (mao et al., in nat biotechnol 25: 1307-1313, 2007). here we report generation and analysis of dsrna-expressi ...201020953975
cotton bcp genes encoding putative blue copper-binding proteins are functionally expressed in fiber development and involved in response to high-salinity and heavy metal stresses.copper is vitally required for plants at low concentrations but extremely toxic for plants at elevated concentrations. plants have evolved a series of mechanisms to prevent the consequences of the excess or deficit of copper. these mechanisms require copper-interacting proteins involved in copper trafficking. blue copper-binding proteins (bcps) are a class of copper proteins containing one blue copper-binding domain binding a single type i copper. to investigate the role of bcps in plant develop ...201021029107
effects of four nematode species on fitness costs of pink bollworm resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac.evolution of resistance by pests can reduce the efficacy oftransgenic crops that produce insecticidal toxins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt). in conjunction with refuges of non-bt host plants, fitness costs can delay the evolution of resistance. furthermore, fitness costs often vary with ecological conditions, suggesting that agricultural landscapes can be manipulated to magnify fitness costs and thereby prolong the efficacy of bt crops. in the current study, we tested th ...201021061986
gene expression in developing fibres of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) was massively altered by domestication.understanding the evolutionary genetics of modern crop phenotypes has a dual relevance to evolutionary biology and crop improvement. modern upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) was developed following thousands of years of artificial selection from a wild form, g. hirsutum var. yucatanense, which bears a shorter, sparser, layer of single-celled, ovular trichomes ('fibre'). in order to gain an insight into the nature of the developmental genetic transformations that accompanied domestication and ...201021078138
expression of baculovirus anti-apoptotic genes p35 and op-iap in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) enhances tolerance to verticillium wilt.programmed cell death plays an important role in mediating plant adaptive responses to the environment such as the invasion of pathogens. verticillium wilt, caused by the necrotrophic pathogen verticillium dahliae, is a serious vascular disease responsible for great economic losses to cotton, but the molecular mechanisms of verticillium disease and effective, safe methods of resistance to verticillium wilt remain unexplored.201021151969
pollen- and seed-mediated transgene flow in commercial cotton seed production fields.characterizing the spatial patterns of gene flow from transgenic crops is challenging, making it difficult to design containment strategies for markets that regulate the adventitious presence of transgenes. insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton is planted on millions of hectares annually and is a potential source of transgene flow.201021152426
cloning and characterization of the gossypium hirsutum major latex protein gene and functional analysis in arabidopsis thaliana.the major latex protein (mlp) gene in gossypium hirsutum was cloned and designated gh-mlp. expression in cotton root was induced by salt stress and verticillium dahliae toxin, and bioinformatic analysis showed that gh-mlp encodes a 157-amino acid protein that is similar to members of the mlp subfamily in the bet v 1 family. although the structure of mlp is similar to bet v 1 family proteins, the sequence identity to other subfamilies of bet v 1 proteins is less than 20%. the gh-mlp promoter cont ...201020049612
fusarium verticillioides (saccardo) nirenberg associated with hardlock of cotton.boll rots of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) are common in the humid areas of the southeastern us. one type of boll damage that may be differentiated from others is hardlock, with symptoms that include compression of the fibers within individual locules of mature, open cotton bolls without further obvious disintegration of the lint or damage to the carpel wall. the principal economic effect is that the boll's lint is unharvestable by mechanical cotton pickers. this disease is endemic to the south ...201020052584
simple sequence repeat marker associated with a natural leaf defoliation trait in tetraploid cotton.cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) leaf defoliation has a significant ecological and economical impact on cotton production. thus the utilization of a natural leaf defoliation trait, which exists in wild diploid cotton species, in the development of tetraploid cultivated cotton will not only be cost effective, but will also facilitate production of very high-grade fiber. the primary goal of our research was to tag loci associated with natural leaf defoliation using microsatellite markers in upland c ...201016159909
chromosomal assignment of rflp linkage groups harboring important qtls on an intraspecific cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) joinmap.chromosome identities were assigned to 15 linkage groups of the rflp joinmap developed from four intraspecific cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) populations with different genetic backgrounds (acala, delta, and texas plains). the linkage groups were assigned to chromosomes by deficiency analysis of probes in the previously published joinmap, based on genomic dna from hypoaneuploid chromosome substitution lines. these findings were integrated with qtl identification for multiple fiber and yield trai ...201015618303
comparative development of fiber in wild and cultivated cotton.one of the most striking examples of plant hairs is the single-celled epidermal seed trichome of cultivated cotton. the developmental morphology of these commercial "fibers" has been well-characterized in gossypium hirsutum, but little is known about the pattern and tempo of fiber development in wild gossypium species, all of which have short, agronomically inferior fiber. to identify developmental differences that account for variation in fiber length, and to place these differences in a phylog ...201011256432
development of insect-resistant transgenic cotton with chimeric tvip3a* accumulating in chloroplasts.an optimized vip3a gene, designated as vip3a* was chemically synthesized and a thi1 gene chloroplast transit peptide coding sequence was attached to its 5' end to produce the tvip3a*. vip3a* and tvip3a* genes were transformed into gossypium hirsutum cv. zhongmiansuo35. of 42 independent transformants, 36 were positive for the vip3a* or tvip3a* gene. four independent transgenic t1 lines with single-copy insertions and unchanged phenotypes (ctv1 and ctv2 for tvip3a*, and cv1 and cv2 for vip3a*) we ...201121246398
ghwrky3, a novel cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) wrky gene, is involved in diverse stress responses.wrky proteins play important roles in plant defense responses. in the present study, a novel wrky gene, nominated as ghwrky3, was isolated from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). the full-length cdna of ghwrky3 is 1,705 bp in length and encodes a protein with 507 amino acids containing two typical wrky domains and two zinc finger motifs. amino acid sequence alignment revealed that ghwrky3 shares a high degree of identity with other higher plant wrky proteins. the subcellular localization assay indi ...201120238169
activation of arabidopsis seed hair development by cotton fiber-related genes.each cotton fiber is a single-celled seed trichome or hair, and over 20,000 fibers may develop semi-synchronously on each seed. the molecular basis for seed hair development is unknown but is likely to share many similarities with leaf trichome development in arabidopsis. leaf trichome initiation in arabidopsis thaliana is activated by glabrous1 (gl1) that is negatively regulated by triptychon (try). using laser capture microdissection and microarray analysis, we found that many putative myb tra ...201121779324
identification of a udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) involved in cellulose biosynthesis in arabidopsis thaliana.udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase is an important regulatory enzyme for the development of plants and a critical enzyme in synthesis of glycogen. here, we reported the cloning of a full-length ugp cdna from cotton, named ghugp. real-time pcr analysis indicated the ghugp expression in root, stem, leaf and flower of cotton, with a higher level in flower and root. the transcription level of ghugp depended on sucrose and light in short time and increased under low temperature, but decreased in o(2) defi ...201121373794
molecular cloning and characterization of ghapm, a gene encoding the μ subunit of the clathrin-associated adaptor protein complex that is associated with cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fiber development.the clathrin-associated adaptor protein (ap) complexes are the primary clathrin adaptors that contribute to the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles (ccvs). the ghapm gene (genbank accession number: gu359054), which encodes the medium subunit of the ap complexes, was cloned from cotton by rapid amplification of cdna ends-polymerase chain reaction (race-pcr). the full-length cdna was 1590 bp in size and encoded an open reading frame (orf) of 416 amino acids with a molecular weight of 46 kda. the ...201121225463
visualization of lipid droplet composition by direct organelle mass spectrometry.an expanding appreciation for the varied functions of neutral lipids in cellular organisms relies on a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms of lipid production and packaging into cytosolic lipid droplets (lds). conventional lipid profiling procedures involve the analysis of tissue extracts and consequently lack cellular or subcellular resolution. here, we report an approach that combines the visualization of individual lds, microphase extraction of lipid components from droplets, and th ...201121118810
identification of semiochemicals released by cotton, gossypium hirsutum, upon infestation by the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii.the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii (homoptera: aphididae), is increasing in importance as a pest worldwide since the introduction of bt-cotton, which controls lepidopteran but not homopteran pests. the chemical ecology of interactions between cotton, gossypium hirsutum (malvaceae), a. gossypii, and the predatory lacewing chrysoperla lucasina (neuroptera: chrysopidae), was investigated with a view to providing new pest management strategies. behavioral tests using a four-arm (pettersson) olfactomet ...201121671083
Efficient free fatty acid production in Escherichia coli using plant acyl-ACP thioesterases.Microbial biosynthesis of fatty acid-like chemicals from renewable carbon sources has attracted significant attention in recent years. Free fatty acids can be used as precursors for the production of fuels or chemicals. Free fatty acids can be produced by introducing an acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase gene into Escherichia coli. The presence of the acyl-ACP thioesterase will break the fatty acid elongation cycle and release free fatty acid. Depending on their sequence similarity and subst ...201122001432
influence of corn on stink bugs (heteroptera: pentatomidae) in subsequent crops.in southeastern united states farmscapes, corn, zea mays l., is often closely associated with peanut, (arachis hypogaea l.), cotton, (gossypium hirsutum l.), or both. the objective of this 3-yr on-farm study was to examine the influence of corn on stink bugs (heteroptera: pentatomidae), nezara viridula (l.), and euschistus servus (say), in subsequent crops in these farmscapes. adults of both stink bug species entered corn first, and seasonal occurrence of stink bug eggs, nymphs, and adults indic ...201122251727
engineering cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) for resistance to cotton leaf curl disease using viral truncated ac1 dna sequences.several important biological processes are performed by distinct functional domains found on replication-associated protein (rep) encoded by ac1 of geminiviruses. two truncated forms of replicase (tac1) gene, capable of expressing only the n-terminal 669 bp (5'ac1) and c-terminal 783 bp (3'ac1) nucleotides cloned under transcriptional control of the camv35s were introduced into cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) using lba4404 strain of agrobacterium tumefaciens to make use of an interference strateg ...201121327530
characterization of a novel annexin gene from cotton (gossypium hirsutum cv cri 35) and antioxidative role of its recombinant protein.plant annexins represent a multigene family involved in cellular elongation and development. a cdna encoding a novel annexin was isolated from a cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fiber cdna library and designated ghanx1. this gene encodes a 316 amino acid protein with a theoretical molecular mass of 36.06 kda and a theoretical pi of 6.19. at the amino acid level, it shares high sequence similarity and has evolutionary relationships with annexins from higher plants. the purified recombinant protein exp ...201121348939
overexpression of the phytochrome b gene from arabidopsis thaliana increases plant growth and yield of cotton (gossypium hirsutum).the phytochrome b (phyb) gene of arabidopsis thaliana was introduced into cotton through agrobacterium tumefaciens. integration and expression of phyb gene in cotton plants were confirmed by molecular evidence. messenger rna (mrna) expression in one of the transgenic lines, qcc11, was much higher than those of control and other transgenic lines. transgenic cotton plants showed more than a two-fold increase in photosynthetic rate and more than a four-fold increase in transpiration rate and stomat ...201121462389
ghhmgb3 deficiency deregulates proliferation and differentiation of cells during somatic embryogenesis in cotton.the proteins of high-mobility group box (hmgb) family were involved in the regulation of transcription and other dna-dependent processes. to investigate the function of hmgb proteins during cotton somatic embryogenesis (se), four gossypium hirsutum hmgb genes were characterized. the gene ghhmgb3 preferentially expressed in embryonic tissues and was studied in detail. rna interference and over-expression was used to regulate the expression of ghhmgb3 during cotton se by transforming both hypocoty ...201121554528
a cotton group c map kinase gene, ghmpk2, positively regulates salt and drought tolerance in tobacco.mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades play important roles in mediating biotic and abiotic stress responses. in plants, mapks are classified into four major groups (a-d) according to their sequence homology and conserved phosphorylation motifs. compared with well-studied mapks in groups a and b, little is known about group c. in this study, we functionally characterised a stress-responsive group c mapk gene (ghmpk2) from cotton (gossypium hirsutum). northern blot analysis indicated th ...201121590508
characterization and functional analysis of ghrdr6, a novel rdr6 gene from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l).rna-dependent rna polymerase 6 (rdr6) is not only involved in viral resistance but also plays an important role in natural plant development. in the present study, a novel rdr gene named ghrdr6 was isolated from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l). alignment and evolutionary relationship analyses showed that ghrdr6 is more closely related to rdr6 than to other rdrs. expression analysis indicated that this single-copy gene is constitutively expressed in roots, stems and leaves. semi-quantitative rt-pcr ...201121679158
Agrobacterium-mediated virus-induced gene silencing assay in cotton.Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is one of the most important crops worldwide. Considerable efforts have been made on molecular breeding of new varieties. The large-scale gene functional analysis in cotton has been lagged behind most of the modern plant species, likely due to its large size of genome, gene duplication and polyploidy, long growth cycle and recalcitrance to genetic transformation(1). To facilitate high throughput functional genetic/genomic study in cotton, we attempt to develop rapid a ...201121876527
phylogeny and pathogenicity of fusarium oxysporum isolates from cottonseed imported from australia into california for dairy cattle feed.a unique biotype of the fusarium wilt pathogen, fusarium oxysporum schlecht. f.sp. vasinfectum (atk) sny. & hans., found in australia in 1993 is favored by neutral or alkaline heavy soils and does not require plant parasitic nematodes to cause disease. this makes it a threat to 4-6 million acres of usa upland cotton ( gossypium hirsutum l.) that is grown on heavy alkaline soil and currently is not affected by fusarium wilt. in 2001-2002, several shiploads of live cottonseed were imported into ca ...201122004096
Overexpression of a cotton cyclophilin gene (GhCyp1) in transgenic tobacco plants confers dual tolerance to salt stress and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci infection.The full-length cDNA of a cyclophilin-like gene was cloned from Gossypium hirsutum using rapid amplification of cDNA ends and was designated as GhCyp1, a member of the immunophilin protein family. GhCyp1 expression level was higher in roots and stems than in other tissues of cotton, as determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To characterize the GhCyp1 gene, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) was transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens with a vector to express ...201122000049
susceptibility of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) strains from central colombia to two insecticides, methomyl and lambda-cyhalothrin: a study of the genetic basis of resistance.spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is an important pest of several crops in the western hemisphere. this insect has genetically differentiated into two host-associated populations: the corn (zea mays l.) and the rice (oryza sativa l.) strains. the corn strain also is found in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and sorghum and the rice strain in bermuda grass [cynodon dactylon (l.) pers.] and millet. in the united states and brazil, lines from corn, rice, bermuda grass, and ...201122066201
indigenous perception and characterization of yanyanku and ikpiru: two functional additives for the fermentation of african locust bean.indigenous perception, processing methods, and physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of yanyanku and ikpiru, two additives used to produce fermented african locust bean condiments, sonru and iru, were evaluated. according to producers, these additives accelerate the fermentation and soften the texture of the condiments. yanyanku is produced by spontaneous fermentation with either hibiscus sabdariffa or gossypium hirsutum or adansonia digitata seeds, whereas only hibiscus sabdariffa ...201121888591
gossypium arboreum ghsp26 enhances drought tolerance in gossypium hirsutum.heat-shock proteins (hsp) are molecular chaperones for protein molecules. these proteins play an important role in protein-protein interactions such as, folding and assisting in the establishment of proper protein conformation and prevention of unwanted protein aggregation. a small hsp gene ghsp26 present in gossypium arboreum responds to dehydration. in the present study, an attempt was made to overcome the problem of drought stress in cotton. a cdna of ghsp26 was isolated from g. arboreum, clo ...201119847887
phytosanitary irradiation of liriomyza trifolii (diptera: agromyzidae).agromyzid leafminers are economic and quarantine pests of a variety of vegetables, flowers, and ornamental foliage. methyl bromide fumigation is often used as a phytosanitary treatment when quarantined agromyzids are found in shipped commodities; alternative treatments are sought. ionizing radiation is a viable alternative that is increasing in use worldwide. a dose of 400 gy is accepted by usda-aphis for all insects (except lepidoptera pupae and adults) on all commodities. efforts to lower this ...201122299344
among-sampler variation in sweep net samples of adult lygus hesperus (hemiptera: miridae) in cotton.the sweep net is a standard sampling method for adults of the western tarnished plant bug, lygus hesperus knight (hemiptera: miridae), in cotton (gossypium spp.). however, factors that influence the relationship between true population levels and population estimates obtained using the sweep net are poorly documented. improved understanding of these factors is needed for the development and application of refined treatment thresholds. recent reports of significant among-sampler differences in sw ...201121510222
structure, expression differentiation and evolution of duplicated fiber developmental genes in gossypium barbadense and g. hirsutum.both gossypium hirsutum and g. barbadense probably originated from a common ancestor, but they have very different agronomic and fiber quality characters. here we selected 17 fiber development-related genes to study their structures, tree topologies, chromosomal location and expression patterns to better understand the interspecific divergence of fiber development genes in the two cultivated tetraploid species.201121349199
metabolite and mineral analyses of cotton near-isogenic lines introgressed with qtls for productivity and drought-related traits.quantitative trait loci (qtls) for yield and drought-related traits were exchanged via marker-assisted selection between elite cultivars of two cotton species, gossypium barbadense (gb) cv. f-177 and gossypium hirsutum (gh) cv. siv'on. three of the resultant near-isogenic lines (nils), each introgressed with a different qtl region, expressed an advantage in osmotic adjustment (oa) and other drought-related traits relative to their recipient parents. these nils and the parental genotypes were fie ...201121143238
comparative expression of mirna genes and mirna-based aflp marker analysis in cultivated tetraploid cottons.micrornas (mirnas) are a class of small non-coding rnas that down-regulate gene expression in a sequence specific manner to control plant growth and development. the identification and characterization of mirnas are critical steps in finding their target genes and elucidating their functions. the objective of the present study was to assess the genetic variation of mirna genes through expression comparisons and mirna-based aflp marker analysis. seven mirnas were first selected for rt-pcr and fou ...201121134704
characterization of an adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit gene expressed in developing cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fibers.adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (adpgp, ec 2.7.7.27) is a tetrameric protein composed of two small and two large subunits that catalyzes the biosynthesis of adp-glucose from glucose-phosphate which is used to provide the glucose subunits for starch biosynthesis. a second cotton gene encoding an adpgp small subunit has been cloned and characterized. the gene contains eight introns similar to previously reported potato and cotton adpgp small subunit genes. the deduced translation of the gene contain ...201120140709
contradictions in host plant resistance to pests: spider mite (tetranychus urticae koch) behaviour undermines the potential resistance of smooth-leaved cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).two-spotted spider mites (tetranychus urticae koch) oviposit near leaf veins or in leaf folds on the undersides of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) leaves where the humid boundary layer offers protection from desiccation. the authors predicted that the boundary layer of glabrous cotton leaves should be shallower than that of hairy leaves, providing some resistance to mites. the dynamics of mite populations, leaf damage, leaf gas exchange and crop yield on two leaf hair isolines (smooth versus hair ...201121308962
delineation of interspecific epistasis on fiber quality traits in gossypium hirsutum by adaa analysis of intermated g. barbadense chromosome substitution lines.genetic diversity is the foundation of any crop improvement program, but the most cultivated upland cotton [gossypium hirsutum l., 2n = 52, genomic formula 2(ad)(1)] has a very narrow gene pool resulting from its evolutionary origin and domestication history. cultivars of this cotton species (g. hirsutum l.) are prized for their combination of exceptional yield, other agronomic traits, and good fiber properties, whereas the other cultivated 52-chromosome species, g. barbadense l. [2n = 52, genom ...201121301803
a mixture toxicity approach for environmental risk assessment of multiple insect resistance genes.multiple substance considerations applied to chemical mixtures in ecological risk assessments can be logically extended to nontarget organism (nto) risk assessment for pyramided trait crops expressing multiple insect resistance genes. a case instance is developed that considers a two-protein pyramid of cry1f and cry1ac synthetic proteins expressed in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). a mixture toxicity approach was used to arrive at the aggregated multisubstance potentially affected fraction (mspa ...201121298718
high temperature limits in vivo pollen tube growth rates by altering diurnal carbohydrate balance in field-grown gossypium hirsutum pistils.it has recently been reported that high temperature slows in vivo pollen tube growth rates in gossypium hirsutum pistils under field conditions. although numerous physical and biochemical pollen-pistil interactions are necessary for in vivo pollen tube growth to occur, studies investigating the influence of heat-induced changes in pistil biochemistry on in vivo pollen tube growth rates are lacking. we hypothesized that high temperature would alter diurnal pistil biochemistry and that pollen tube ...201121256621
genome structure of cotton revealed by a genome-wide ssr genetic map constructed from a bc1 population between gossypium hirsutum and g. barbadense.cotton, with a large genome, is an important crop throughout the world. a high-density genetic linkage map is the prerequisite for cotton genetics and breeding. a genetic map based on simple polymerase chain reaction markers will be efficient for marker-assisted breeding in cotton, and markers from transcribed sequences have more chance to target genes related to traits. to construct a genome-wide, functional marker-based genetic linkage map in cotton, we isolated and mapped expressed sequence t ...201121214949
cytogenetic characteristics of new monosomic stocks of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).the use of aneuploid lines significantly increases the effectiveness of molecular-genetic analysis and the development of superior quality breeding lines via substitutions by alien chromosomes. to date, however, a complete set of aneuploid series for each cotton chromosome is not available. here, we present the development of a monosomic stock collection of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) from uzbekistan, including the origin of 92 primary monosomics, meiotic metaphase-i analysis, study of tetrad ...201123533784
transcriptome analysis reveals salt-stress-regulated biological processes and key pathways in roots of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).high salinity is one of the main factors limiting cotton growth and productivity. the genes that regulate salt stress in tm-1 upland cotton were monitored using microarray and real-time pcr (rt-pcr) with samples taken from roots. microarray analysis showed that 1503 probe sets were up-regulated and 1490 probe sets were down-regulated in plants exposed for 3h to 100mm nacl, and rt-pcr analysis validated 42 relevant/related genes. the distribution of enriched gene ontology terms showed such import ...201121569837
differential gene expression and associated qtl mapping for cotton yield based on a cdna-aflp transcriptome map in an immortalized f2.cdna-aflp techniques have found new applications in recent years. currently, the methodology is used to establish differential gene expression and construct linkage maps. in the present study, a transcriptome map based on cdna-aflp techniques was constructed using an immortalized f(2) (if(2)) population of 171 lines. the lines were derived from intercrosses between 180 recombinant inbred lines (rils) of the cotton hybrid xiangzamian 2 (gossypium. hirsutum l.). a total of 302 transcriptome-derive ...201121512772
identification of salt responsive genes using comparative microarray analysis in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).salinity negatively impacts plant growth and productivity, and little is known about salt responsive genes in cotton. in this study, an intra-specific backcross population of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) was treated with 200 mm nacl after which differentially expressed genes were identified by comparison between salt tolerant and susceptible segregant bulks using comparative microarray analysis. microarray analysis identified 720 salt-responsive genes, of which 695 were down-regulated and only ...201121421393
functional analysis of gossypium hirsutum cellulose synthase catalytic subunit 4 promoter in transgenic arabidopsis and cotton tissues.gossypium hirsutum cellulose synthase catalytic subunit 4 (ghcesa4) plays an important role in cellulose biosynthesis during cotton fiber development. the transcript levels of ghcesa4 are significantly up-regulated as secondary cell wall cellulose is produced in developing cotton fibers. to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in transcriptional regulation of ghcesa4, β-glucuronidase (gus) activity regulated by a ghcesa4 promoter (-2574/+56) or progressively deleted promoters were determ ...201121421377
differential contributions to the transcriptome of duplicated genes in response to abiotic stresses in natural and synthetic polyploids.polyploidy has occurred throughout plant evolution and can result in considerable changes to gene expression when it takes place and over evolutionary time. little is known about the effects of abiotic stress conditions on duplicate gene expression patterns in polyploid plants. we examined the expression patterns of 60 duplicated genes in leaves, roots and cotyledons of allotetraploid gossypium hirsutum in response to five abiotic stress treatments (heat, cold, drought, high salt and water subme ...201121361962
agronomic characterization, genetic diversity and association analysis of cotton cultivars using simple sequence repeat molecular markers.cotton is the most important textile plant in the world and is one of the most important crops for the production of oilseed. because of its worldwide economic importance, new cultivars are constantly being released in the world and consequently in the greek market, as greece is the largest producer in europe. we used simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers for the identification and the phylogenetic analysis of the most widely cultivated cotton cultivars in greece. initially, we used 12 pairs of s ...201121341213
assessment of impact of solar uv components on growth and antioxidant enzyme activity in cotton plant.a field experiment was conducted to study the impact of solar uv-b (280-315 nm) and uv-a (315-400 nm) components on the growth and antioxidant enzyme activity in cotton plant (gossypium hirsutum var. vikram). solar uv components were excluded by filtering the sunlight through selective uv-b (<315 nm) and uv-b/a (<400 nm) absorbing polyester films. plants grown under filters that transmitted solar uv served as controls. exclusion of uv-b and uv-b/a enhanced plant height, leaf area and total bioma ...201123573013
elucidation of thermotolerance diversity in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) using physio-molecular approaches.cotton (gossypium hirsutum) is an important cash crop, but high temperature during its growing season is one of the major factors that limit its productivity. this problem compels plant breeders to breed for heat tolerance, which can help to overcome this challenge. it is very important to make a comprehensive screening of heat-tolerant genotypes so that only the best are chosen. here we report the combined use of several techniques that can help breeders to screen their germplasm. twelve cultiv ...201121710467
diurnal pollen tube growth rate is slowed by high temperature in field-grown gossypium hirsutum pistils.for gossypium hirsutum pollination, germination, and pollen tube growth must occur in a highly concerted fashion on the day of flowering for fertilization to occur. because reproductive success could be influenced by the photosynthetic activity of major source leaves, we hypothesized that increased temperatures under field conditions would limit fertilization by inhibiting diurnal pollen tube growth through the style and decreasing subtending leaf photosynthesis. to address this hypothesis, g. h ...201120832140
[gene mapping of an ultra-dwarf mutant in upland cotton].a ultra-dwarf mutant was newly found in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). this mutant was controlled by single recessive gene du. seventy pairs of polymorphic primers were selected from 1350 primers, which covered all the identified chromosomes by screening in parents and near-isogenic lines. gene du was mapped using an f2 population derived from intraspecific crosses between "ultra-dwarf 1" and "xinluzao 16". thirty-six primers were distributed in eight linkage groups, and du was linked to ...201122207386
generation of ests for flowering gene discovery and ssr marker development in upland cotton.upland cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., is one of the world's most important economic crops. in the absence of the entire genomic sequence, a large number of expressed sequence tag (est) resources of upland cotton have been generated and used in several studies. however, information about the flower development of this species is rare.201122163052
[salt tolerance evaluation of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) at its germinating and seedling stages and selection of related indices].a sand culture experiment was conducted to study the salt tolerance of 13 cotton cultivars at their germinating and seedling stages under the stress of different concentration nacl, and a cluster analysis was made on the salt tolerance, according to the subjection values of salt toxicity coefficients of multi-indices and the sum subjection value. it was observed that the appropriate concentration of nacl for the evaluation of salt tolerance was 150 mmol x l(-1). the salt tolerance differed with ...201122097366
genetic and epigenetic status of triple exotic consanguinity cotton introgression lines.introgression lines are some of the most important germplasm for breeding applications and other research conducted on cotton crops. the dna methylation level among 10 introgression lines of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) and three exotic parental species (g. arboreum, g. thurberi and g. barbadense) were assessed by methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (msap) technology. the methylation level in the introgression lines ranged from 33.3 to 51.5%. however, the lines pd0111 and pd0113 had the ...201121968805
a combined functional and structural genomics approach identified an est-ssr marker with complete linkage to the ligon lintless-2 genetic locus in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).cotton fiber length is an important quality attribute to the textile industry and longer fibers can be more efficiently spun into yarns to produce superior fabrics. there is typically a negative correlation between yield and fiber quality traits such as length. an understanding of the regulatory mechanisms controlling fiber length can potentially provide a valuable tool for cotton breeders to improve fiber length while maintaining high yields. the cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fiber mutation li ...201121902843
genomically biased accumulation of seed storage proteins in allopolyploid cotton.allopolyploidy is an important process during plant evolution that results in the reunion of two divergent genomes into a common nucleus. many of the immediate as well as longer-term genomic and epigenetic responses to polyploidy have become appreciated. to investigate the modifications of gene expression at the proteome level caused by allopolyploid formation, we conducted a comparative analysis of cotton seed proteomes from the allopolyploid gossypium hirsutum (ad genome) and its model a-genom ...201121900265
recent long-distance transgene flow into wild populations conforms to historical patterns of gene flow in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) at its centre of origin.over 95% of the currently cultivated cotton was domesticated from gossypium hirsutum, which originated and diversified in mexico. demographic and genetic studies of this species at its centre of origin and diversification are lacking, although they are critical for cotton conservation and breeding. we investigated the actual and potential distribution of wild cotton populations, as well as the contribution of historical and recent gene flow in shaping cotton genetic diversity and structure. we e ...201121899621
evidence of female-produced sex pheromone of adelphocoris suturalis (hemiptera: miridae): effect of age and time of day.after the reduction in the use of broad-spectrum insecticides, adelphocoris suturalis (hemiptera: miridae) has become an important pest of transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in china. a. suturalis is a highly mobile insect, moving rapidly in and out of crop fields, and traps baited with sex pheromones may be useful in monitoring and controlling its numbers. however, little is currently known regarding the chemical communication based on sex pheromones by this species. to use the synthesiz ...201121882682
transcriptome-wide identification and stress properties of the 14-3-3 gene family in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).14-3-3s are a class of conserved proteins in eukaryotes involved in almost all cellular processes. published studies have shown that this family plays a role in response to stress conditions. in this study, comparative genomics identified thirty-one 14-3-3 cdnas encoding 25 unique proteins with transcripts that were sufficiently divergent in the coding regions to define different 14-3-3 members. phylogenetic analysis indicated that the cotton 14-3-3 family was similar to the family in the plant ...201121805362
a novel isoform of sucrose synthase is targeted to the cell wall during secondary cell wall synthesis in cotton fiber.sucrose (suc) synthase (sus) is the major enzyme of suc breakdown for cellulose biosynthesis in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fiber, an important source of fiber for the textile industry. this study examines the tissue-specific expression, relative abundance, and temporal expression of various sus transcripts and proteins present in cotton. a novel isoform of sus (susc) is identified that is expressed at high levels during secondary cell wall synthesis in fiber and is present in the cell wall frac ...201121757635
qtl alleles for improved fiber quality from a wild hawaiian cotton, gossypium tomentosum.seventeen backcross-self families from crosses between two gossypium hirsutum recurrent parent lines (ca3084, ca3093) and g. tomentosum were used to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) controlling fiber quality traits. a total of 28 qtls for fiber quality traits were identified (p < 0.001), including four for fiber elongation, eight for fiber fineness, four for fiber length, four for fiber strength, six for fiber uniformity, one for boll weight, and one for boll number. three statistically s ...201121735234
characterization of profilin genes from allotetraploid (gossypium hirsutum) cotton and its diploid progenitors and expression analysis in cotton genotypes differing in fiber characteristics.the actin-binding protein profilin (prf) plays an important role in cell growth and expansion by regulating the organization of the actin filaments. recent studies have reported association between fiber elongation in cultivated cotton (gossypium hirsutum) and prf expression. in the present study, we cloned four genomic clones from allotetraploid cotton (g. hirsutum) and its putative diploid progenitors (g. arboreum and g. raimondii) designated ghprf1_a, ghprf1_d, gaprf1, and grprf1 encoding cot ...201221725637
cdna-aflp-based genetical genomics in cotton fibers.genetical genomics, or genetic analysis applied to gene expression data, has not been widely used in plants. we used quantitative cdna-aflp to monitor the variation in the expression level of cotton fiber transcripts among a population of inter-specific gossypium hirsutum × g. barbadense recombinant inbred lines (rils). two key fiber developmental stages, elongation (10 days post anthesis, dpa), and secondary cell wall thickening (22 dpa), were studied. normalized intensity ratios of 3,263 and 1 ...201222080217
difference in mirna expression profiles between two cotton cultivars with distinct salt sensitivity.micrornas (mirnas) are a class of endogenous, non-coding small rnas that play important roles in many developmental processes and stress responses in plants and animals. cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) is considered a relatively salt-tolerant non-halophytic plant species. to study the role of mirnas in salt adaptation, a salt-tolerant cotton cultivar sn-011 and a salt-sensitive cultivar lm-6 were used to detect differentially expressed mirnas. using mirna microarray analysis and a computational a ...201222160515
cotton shoot plays a major role in mediating senescence induced by potassium deficiency.the objective of this study was to determine the roles of shoot and root in the regulation of premature leaf senescence induced by potassium (k) deficiency in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). two contrasting cultivars (ccri41, more sensitive to k deficiency; and scrc22, a less sensitive cultivar) were selected for self- and reciprocal-grafting, using standard grafting (one scion/one rootstock), y grafting (two scions/one rootstock) and inverted y grafting (one scion/two rootstocks) at the seedlin ...201222154601
cloning and characterization of homeologous cellulose synthase catalytic subunit 2 genes from allotetraploid cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).cellulose synthase catalytic subunits (cesas) are the catalytic sites within a multisubunit complex for cellulose biosynthesis in plants. cesas have been extensively studied in diploid plants, but are not well characterized in polyploid plants. gossypium hirsutum is an allotetraploid cotton species producing over 90% of the world's cotton fibers. although g. hirsutum cesas (ghcesas) are responsible for cellulose production in cotton fiber, very limited numbers of ghcesa genes have been identifie ...201222200568
mechanism of phytohormone involvement in feedback regulation of cotton leaf senescence induced by potassium deficiency.to elucidate the phytohormonal basis of the feedback regulation of leaf senescence induced by potassium (k) deficiency in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), two cultivars contrasting in sensitivity to k deficiency were self- and reciprocally grafted hypocotyl-to-hypocotyl, using standard grafting (one scion grafted onto one rootstock), y grafting (two scions grafted onto one rootstock), and inverted y grafting (one scion grafted onto two rootstocks) at the seedling stage. k deficiency (0.03mm for s ...201222962680
targeted capture of homoeologous coding and noncoding sequence in polyploid cotton.targeted sequence capture is a promising technology in many areas in biology. these methods enable efficient and relatively inexpensive sequencing of hundreds to thousands of genes or genomic regions from many more individuals than is practical using whole-genome sequencing approaches. here, we demonstrate the feasibility of target enrichment using sequence capture in polyploid cotton. to capture and sequence both members of each gene pair (homeologs) of wild and domesticated gossypium hirsutum, ...201222908041
a chimeric arabinogalactan protein promotes somatic embryogenesis in cotton cell culture.arabinogalactan proteins (agps) are a family of extracellular plant proteoglycans implicated in many aspects of plant growth and development, including in vitro somatic embryogenesis (se). we found that specific agps were produced by cotton (gossypium hirsutum) calli undergoing se and that when these agps were isolated and incorporated into tissue culture medium, cotton se was promoted. when the agps were partly or fully deglycosylated, se-promoting activity was not diminished. testing of agps s ...201222858635
identification and analyses of mirna genes in allotetraploid gossypium hirsutum fiber cells based on the sequenced diploid g. raimondii genome.the plant genome possesses a large number of micrornas (mirnas) mainly 21-24 nucleotides in length. they play a vital role in regulation of target gene expression at various stages throughout the whole plant life cycle. here we sequenced and analyzed ≈ 10 million non-coding rnas (ncrnas) derived from fiber tissue of the allotetraploid cotton (gossypium hirsutum) 7 days post-anthesis using ncrna-seq technology. in terms of distinct reads, 24 nt ncrna is by far the dominant species, followed by 21 ...201222835981
the removal of reactive black 5 from aqueous solutions by cotton seed shell.this study investigated the removal of reactive black 5 (rb5) textile dye from aqueous solutions using cotton (gossypium hirsutum) seed shell (css) as low cost adsorbents. the data were described according to the freundlich and langmuir isotherm models. of these, the langmuir model provided the best fit for the experimental data. the highest measured adsorption density was 12.19 mg/g at ph 2. an equilibrium adsorption rate of rb5 by css (q(e) = 11.879 mg/g) was observed at 30 minutes. in order t ...201222834220
sampling strategies for square and boll-feeding plant bugs (hemiptera: miridae) occurring on cotton.sampling methods for square and boll-feeding plant bugs (hemiptera: miridae) occurring on cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., were compared with the intent to assess if one approach was viable for two species occurring from early-season squaring to late bloom in 25 fields located along the coastal cotton growing region of south texas. cotton fleaphopper, pseudatomoscelis seriatus (reuter), damages squares early-season and dominated collections using five sampling methods (approximately 99% of insects ...201222812128
cotton gene expression profiles in resistant gossypium hirsutum cv. zhongzhimian kv1 responding to verticillium dahliae strain v991 infection.verticillium wilt of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) is a widespread and destructive disease that is caused by the soil-borne fungus pathogen verticillium dahliae (v. dahliae). to study the molecular mechanism in wilt tolerance, suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) and dot blot techniques were used to identify the specifically expressed genes in a superior wilt-resistant cotton cultivar (g. hirsutum cv. zhongzhimian kv1) after inoculation with pathogen. cdnas from the root tissues of zhongzhi ...201222733494
molecular diversity, genomic constitution, and qtl mapping of fiber quality by mapped ssrs in introgression lines derived from gossypium hirsutum × g. darwinii watt.because the genetic basis of current upland cotton cultivars is narrow, exploring new germplasm resources and discovering novel alleles relevant to important agronomic traits have become two of the most important themes in the field of cotton research. in this study, g. darwinii watt, a wild cotton species, was crossed with four upland cotton cultivars with desirable traits. a total of 105 introgression lines (ils) were successfully obtained. by using 310 mapped ssrs evenly distributed across th ...201222733444
[monitoring and simulation of soil electrical conductivity based on the hyperspectral parameters of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) functional leaves].taking the salt-tolerant cotton variety ccri-44 and salt-sensitive cotton variety sumian 12 as test materials, a two-year pot experiment was conducted at the pailou experimental station of nanjing agricultural university in 2008 and 2009 to study the relationships of soil electrical conductivity (ec) with the spectral reflectance and hyperspectral indices of cotton functional leaves at different growth stages under five simulated salinity levels (0, 0.35%, 0.60%, 0.85%, and 1.00%) of coastal sal ...201222720615
molecular characterization of an elicitor-responsive armadillo repeat gene (gharm) from cotton (gossypium hirsutum).only a few armadillo (arm) repeat proteins have been characterized in plants where they appear to have diverse functions, including the regulation of defence responses. in this study, the identification, cloning and characterization of a gene, encoding an arm repeat protein (gharm), is described. gharm exists as multiple copies in cotton, with an 1713 bp orf encoding 570 amino acids. the predicted protein contains three consecutive arm repeats within an armadillo-type fold, with no other disting ...201222714909
genome-wide identification of differentially expressed genes under water deficit stress in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).cotton is the world's primary fiber crop and is a major agricultural commodity in over 30 countries. like many other global commodities, sustainable cotton production is challenged by restricted natural resources. in response to the anticipated increase of agricultural water demand, a major research direction involves developing crops that use less water or that use water more efficiently. in this study, our objective was to identify differentially expressed genes in response to water deficit st ...201222703539
expression of atsap5 in cotton up-regulates putative stress-responsive genes and improves the tolerance to rapidly developing water deficit and moderate heat stress.the regulation of gene expression is a key factor in plant acclimation to stress, and it is thought that manipulation of the expression of critical stress-responsive genes should ultimately provide increased protection against abiotic stress. the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the ectopic expression of the atsap5 (at3g12630) gene in transgenic cotton (gossypium hirsutum, cv. coker 312) will improve tolerance to drought and heat stress by up-regulating the expression of endogen ...201222633820
overexpression of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) dirigent1 gene enhances lignification that blocks the spread of verticillium dahliae.dirigent super-family abounds throughout the plant kingdom, especially vascular plants. to elucidate the function of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) dir genes in lignification, two cdnas (designated ghdir1 and ghdir2) encoding putative dirigent proteins were isolated from cotton cdna libraries. real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that ghdir1 transcript was preferentially accumulated in cotton hypocotyls, whereas ghdir2 was predominantly expressed ...201222595512
identification of rna editing sites in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) chloroplasts and editing events that affect secondary and three-dimensional protein structures.rna editing can alter individual nucleotides in primary transcripts, which can cause the amino acids encoded by edited rna to deviate from the ones predicted from the dna template. we investigated rna editing sites of protein-coding genes from the chloroplast genome of cotton. fifty-four editing sites were identified in 27 transcripts, which is the highest editing frequency found until now in angiosperms. all these editing sites were c-to-u conversion, biased toward ndh genes and u_a context. ex ...201222576925
cloning and expression analysis of novel aux/iaa family genes in gossypium hirsutum.members of the aux/iaa gene family encode proteins that mediate the responses of auxin-regulated gene expression and regulate various aspects of plant morphological development. here, we provide the first identification and characterization of nine cdnas encoding the complete open reading frame (orf) of the aux/iaa family in cotton. these were designated ghaux1 to ghaux9 (gossypiumhirsutum aux/iaa). the proteins encoded by these nine genes had either whole or partially conserved domains of the a ...201222575728
dominant gene cpls(r)1 corresponding to premature leaf senescence resistance in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) premature leaf senescence-resistant inbred xlz33 and senescence-susceptible inbred lines xlz13 were selected and crossed to produce f(1), f(1)-reciprocal, f(2) and bc(1) generations for evaluation of leaf senescence process and inheritance. the results showed that leaf senescence processes for xlz13 and xlz33 were obviously different and leaf senescence traits could be distinguished between the two parents at particular periods of cotton growth. inheritance anlysis ...201222574717
a novel mesh processing based technique for 3d plant analysis.in recent years, imaging based, automated, non-invasive, and non-destructive high-throughput plant phenotyping platforms have become popular tools for plant biology, underpinning the field of plant phenomics. such platforms acquire and record large amounts of raw data that must be accurately and robustly calibrated, reconstructed, and analysed, requiring the development of sophisticated image understanding and quantification algorithms. the raw data can be processed in different ways, and the pa ...201222553969
the cotton centromere contains a ty3-gypsy-like ltr retroelement.the centromere is a repeat-rich structure essential for chromosome segregation; with the long-term aim of understanding centromere structure and function, we set out to identify cotton centromere sequences. to isolate centromere-associated sequences from cotton, (gossypium hirsutum) we surveyed tandem and dispersed repetitive dna in the genus. centromere-associated elements in other plants include tandem repeats and, in some cases, centromere-specific retroelements. examination of cotton genomic ...201222536361
host preference of cotton fleahopper, pseudatomoscelis seriatus (reuter) is not labile to geographic origin and prior experience.several phytophagous insects exhibit distinct preference for their host plants. in widely distributed generalist insects, host preference can be influenced by geographic variation in host plant distribution and abundance as well as by prior experience. we have studied host preference of the cotton fleahopper, pseudatomoscelis seriatus (reuter), a pest of cotton in texas and other neighboring states, by measuring olfactory orientation to horsemint (monarda punctata l.) and cotton (gossypium hirsu ...201222525067
epidermal cell differentiation in cotton mediated by the homeodomain leucine zipper gene, ghhd-1.gossypium hirsutum l. (cotton) fibres are specialized trichomes a few centimetres in length that grow from the seed coat. few genes directly involved in the differentiation of these epidermal cells have been identified. these include ghmyb25-like and ghmyb25, two related myb transcription factors that regulate fibre cell initiation and expansion. we have also identified a putative homeodomain leucine zipper (hd-zip) transcription factor, ghhd-1, expressed in trichomes and early fibres that might ...201222443311
genome physical mapping of polyploids: a bibac physical map of cultivated tetraploid cotton, gossypium hirsutum l.polyploids account for approximately 70% of flowering plants, including many field, horticulture and forage crops. cottons are a world-leading fiber and important oilseed crop, and a model species for study of plant polyploidization, cellulose biosynthesis and cell wall biogenesis. this study has addressed the concerns of physical mapping of polyploids with bacs and/or bibacs by constructing a physical map of the tetraploid cotton, gossypium hirsutum l. the physical map consists of 3,450 bibac c ...201222438974
genotypic variations in photosynthetic and physiological adjustment to potassium deficiency in cotton (gossypium hirsutum).a hydroponic culture experiment was conducted to determine genotypic variation in photosynthetic rate and the associated physiological changes in response to potassium (k) deficiency in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) seedlings with contrasting two cotton cultivars in k efficiency. the k-efficient liaomian18 produced 66.7% more biomass than the k-inefficient nucotn99(b) under k deficiency, despite their similar biomass under k sufficiency. compared with nucotn99(b), liaomian18 showed 19.4% higher ...201222387141
a high-density simple sequence repeat and single nucleotide polymorphism genetic map of the tetraploid cotton genome.genetic linkage maps play fundamental roles in understanding genome structure, explaining genome formation events during evolution, and discovering the genetic bases of important traits. a high-density cotton (gossypium spp.) genetic map was developed using representative sets of simple sequence repeat (ssr) and the first public set of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers to genotype 186 recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from an interspecific cross between gossypium hirsutum l. (tm ...201222384381
spatial mapping of lipids at cellular resolution in embryos of cotton.advances in mass spectrometry (ms) have made comprehensive lipidomics analysis of complex tissues relatively commonplace. these compositional analyses, although able to resolve hundreds of molecular species of lipids in single extracts, lose the original cellular context from which these lipids are derived. recently, high-resolution ms of individual lipid droplets from seed tissues indicated organelle-to-organelle variation in lipid composition, suggesting that heterogeneity of lipid distributio ...201222337917
floral to green: mating switches moth olfactory coding and preference.mating induces profound physiological changes in a wide range of insects, leading to behavioural adjustments to match the internal state of the animal. here, we show for the first time, to our knowledge, that a noctuid moth switches its olfactory response from food to egg-laying cues following mating. unmated females of the cotton leafworm (spodoptera littoralis) are strongly attracted to lilac flowers (syringa vulgaris). after mating, attraction to floral odour is abolished and the females fly ...201222319127
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