Publications

plant cells contain calsequestrin.	calsequestrin is a high capacity low affinity ca2+-binding protein thought to be essential for the function of the intracellular rapid releasable ca2+ pool of a variety of animal cells. here we show that two types of plant tissues, cultured streptanthus tortuosus cells and spinach leaves, contain a form of calsequestrin. in subcellular fractions of s. tortuosus cells, stains-all staining reveals a metachromatically blue-staining 56,000-da protein enriched in the microsomal fraction. this protein ...	1989	2925646
post-translational modifications in the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase.	two adjacent n-terminal tryptic peptides of the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase [3-phospho-d-glycerate carboxy-lyase (dimerizing), ec 4.1.1.39] from spinach, wheat, tobacco, and muskmelon were removed by limited tryptic proteolysis. characterization by peptide sequencing, amino acid composition, and tandem mass spectrometry revealed that the n-terminal residue from the large subunit of the enzyme from each plant species was acetylated proline. the sequence of the pen ...	1989	2928307
localization and orientation of subunit delta of spinach chloroplast atp-synthase within the cf0cf1 complex. 1. distinction of shielded and exposed surfaces of delta on the thylakoid membrane.	a new polyclonal antiserum against spinach cf1 subunit delta was produced in rabbits. it decorates only one band at 21 kda in western immunoblots of thylakoid proteins and does not react in elisa with delta-free four subunit cf1(-delta); therefore it is regarded monospecific. the polypeptide used as immunogen had been purified by hplc. earlier antisera against cf1 delta cross-react with cf1 subunit beta. the new antiserum 306 contains different antibodies; some can be absorbed with thylakoids, i ...	1989	2469431
localization and orientation of subunit delta of spinach chloroplast atp-synthase within the cf0 cf1 complex. 2. identification of c-terminal residues of delta, exposed on the thylakoid membrane.	the amino acid residues of spinach cf1 subunit delta are identified which are accessible and thus exposed within the quaternary structure of the atp-synthase complex on the thylakoid membrane. two types of antibodies in the monospecific polyclonal antiserum 306 against cf1 delta, described in the previous publication [z. naturforsch. 44c, 153-160 (1989)], were separated by virtue of their different affinity to thylakoid membranes and used for specific analysis of the products of proteolytic dige ...	1989	2475116
characterization of cdna clones encoding the extrinsic 23 kda polypeptide of the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem ii in pea.	the 23 kda polypeptide of the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem ii has been extracted from pea photosystem ii particles by washing with 1 m nacl and purified by anion-exchange chromatography. the n-terminal amino acid sequence has been determined and specific antisera have been raised in rabbits and used to screen a pea-leaf cdna library in lambda gt11. determination of the nucleotide sequence of two clones provided the nucleotide sequence for the full 23 kda polypeptide. the deduced amino ...	1989	2491674
isolation and characterization of dna-binding proteins from the cyanobacterium synechococcus sp. pcc 7002 (agmenellum quadruplicatum) and from spinach chloroplasts.	basic, low-molecular-weight dna-binding proteins were isolated from the unicellular cyanobacterium synechococcus sp. pcc 7002 (agmenellum quadruplicatum) and from the chloroplasts of spinach (spinacia oleacera). in synechococcus, two major proteins which bind to double-strand dna (10 and 16 kda, respectively) were purified. the 10 kda protein, named haq, resembles strongly, in amino-acid composition, eubacterial hu-type proteins. the 16 kda protein is slightly basic. its characteristics are comp ...	1989	2491789
carbonyl sulfide: an alternate substrate for but not an activator of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase.	carbonyl sulfide, a competitive inhibitor of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase with respect to co2 (laing, w. a., and christeller, j. t. (1980) arch. biochem. biophys. 202, 592-600), is an alternate substrate. thiocarboxylation was monitored by mass spectrometry as the stoichiometric consumption of carbonyl sulfide. the product, 1-thio-3-phosphoglycerate, was identified by 13c nmr and uv absorption spectroscopy and measured by enzymic conversion to thiolactate, coupled to the oxidation of nadh. ...	1989	2492523
thioredoxin is essential for photosynthetic growth. the thioredoxin m gene of anacystis nidulans.	we have taken advantage of the transformation properties of the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans r2 to investigate the importance of thioredoxin for photosynthetic growth. the gene encoding thioredoxin m, designated trxm, was cloned from a. nidulans using a synthetic oligonucleotide probe. based on the nucleotide sequence, thioredoxin m of a. nidulans is composed of 107 amino acids and shares 84, 48, and 48% sequence identity with thioredoxins from anabaena, spinach, and escherichia coli, respe ...	1989	2492995
purification and characterization of a soybean flour-induced cytochrome p-450 from streptomyces griseus.	a soybean flour-induced, soluble cytochrome p-450 (p-450soy) was purified 130-fold to homogeneity from streptomyces griseus. native cytochrome p-450soy is a single polypeptide, with a molecular weight of 47,500, in association with one ferriprotoporphyrin ix prosthetic group. oxidized p-450soy exhibited visible absorption maxima at 394, 514, and 646 nm, characteristic of a high-spin cytochrome p-450. the co-reduced difference spectrum of p-450soy had a soret maximum at 448 nm. when reconstituted ...	1989	2495263
the location of calmodulin in the pea plasma membrane.	plasma membrane has been prepared from pea seedlings in the presence of [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid (egta). calmodulin has been detected in these plasma membrane preparations using calcium overlay techniques, immunoblots, quantitation with antibodies raised against spinach calmodulin, phosphodiesterase activation, mobility shift, and heat stability. egta-stable calmodulin represents 0.5-1% of the total plasma membrane protein, and it is the only detectable calcium-binding p ...	1989	2498318
gene sequence for the 9 kda component of photosystem ii from the cyanobacterium phormidium laminosum indicates similarities between cyanobacterial and other leader sequences.	a 9 kda polypeptide which is loosely attached to the inner surface of the thylakoid membrane and is important for the oxygen-evolving activity of photosystem ii in the thermophilic cyanobacterium phormidium laminosum has been purified, a partial amino acid sequence obtained and its gene cloned and sequenced. the derived amino acid sequence indicates that the 9 kda polypeptide is initially synthesised with an n-terminal leader sequence of 44 amino acids to direct it across the thylakoid membrane. ...	1989	2501648
electrophoretic and immunological comparisons of chloroplast and prokaryotic ribosomal proteins reveal that certain families of large subunit proteins are evolutionarily conserved.	antibodies to individual chloroplast ribosomal (r-)proteins of chlamydomonas reinhardtii synthesized in either the chloroplast or the cytoplasm were used to examine the relatedness of chlamydomonas r-proteins to r-proteins from the spinach (spinacia oleracea) chloroplast, escherichia coli, and the cyanobacterium anabaena 7120. in addition, 35s-labeled chloroplast r-proteins from large and small subunits of c. reinhardtii were co-electrophoresed on 2-d gels with unlabeled r-proteins from similar ...	1989	2504932
structural and functional properties of the cyanobacterial photosystem i complex.	photosystem i (psi) complexes have been isolated from two cyanobacterial strains, synechococcus sp. pcc 7002 and 6301. these complexes contain six to seven low molecular mass subunits in addition to the two high molecular mass subunits previously shown to bind the primary reaction center components. chemical cross-linking of ferredoxin to the complex identified a 17.5-kda subunit as the ferredoxin-binding protein in the synechococcus sp. pcc 6301-psi complex. the amino acid sequence of this subu ...	1989	2505837
structure and targeted mutagenesis of the gene encoding 8-kda subunit of photosystem i from the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. pcc 6803.	photosystem i reaction center of the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. pcc 6803 contains seven different polypeptide subunits. the subunit with a molecular mass of about 8 kda was isolated, and the sequence of its amino-terminal residues was determined. oligonucleotide probes corresponding to this sequence were used to isolate the gene encoding this subunit. the gene, termed as psae, codes for a polypeptide with a mass of 8075 da. it is present as a single copy in the genome and is transcribed as ...	1989	2509456
nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the 33 kda water oxidizing polypeptide in anabaena sp. strain pcc 7120 and its expression in escherichia coli.	the 33 kda extrinsic polypeptide of photosystem ii, also known as the manganese-stabilizing polypeptide (msp), is located on the lumen side of the thylakoid and is involved in water oxidation. the gene for msp, designated woxa, has been cloned from the nitrogen-fixing filamentous cyanobacterium anabaena and sequenced. the woxa open reading frame was found to be 819 bp. the deduced amino acid sequence was 63% and 59% homologous with that of synechococcus and synechocystis, respectively, and 44% c ...	1989	2518833
expression of holo and apo forms of spinach acyl carrier protein-i in leaves of transgenic tobacco plants.	acyl carrier protein (acp) is a chloroplast-localized cofactor of fatty acid synthesis, desaturation, and acyl transfer. we have transformed tobacco with a chimeric gene consisting of the tobacco ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase promoter and transit peptide and the sequence encoding the mature spinach acp-i. spinach acp-i was expressed in the transformed plants at levels twofold to threefold higher than the endogenous tobacco acps as determined by protein immunoblots and assays of acp in le ...	1989	2535529
laser flash photolysis as a probe of redox protein-membrane interactions: effect of binding of spinach plastocyanin and horse cytochrome c to lipid bilayer vesicles on the kinetics of reduction by flavin semiquinone.	spinach plastocyanin binds to both electrically neutral and positively charged lipid bilayer vesicles, whereas cytochrome c only binds electrostatically to negatively charged vesicles. laser flash photolysis using lumiflavin semiquinone as a reductant demonstrates that the reactivity of plastocyanin is increased as much as 6-fold when it is membrane bound whereas the rate constant for cytochrome c reduction is decreased by approximately a factor of 3. membrane-bound plastocyanin reduction occurs ...	1989	2540816
the encoded primary sequence of a rice seed adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase subunit and its homology to the bacterial enzyme.	rice seed adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase cdna clones were isolated by screening a lambda expression library prepared from rice endosperm poly(a+) rna with a heterologous antibody raised against the spinach leaf enzyme and subsequently by nucleic acid hybridization. one cdna plasmid, possessing about 1650 nucleotides, was shown by both dna and rna sequence analysis to contain the complete adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase coding sequence of 483 amino acids. the primary sequence displayed a putative le ...	1989	2545704
characterization of the flavoprotein moieties of nadph-sulfite reductase from salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli. physicochemical and catalytic properties, amino acid sequence deduced from dna sequence of cysj, and comparison with nadph-cytochrome p-450 reductase.	nadph-sulfite reductase flavoprotein (sir-fp) was purified from a salmonella typhimurium cysg strain that does not synthesize the hemoprotein component of the sulfite reductase holoenzyme. cysj, which codes for sir-fp, was cloned from s. typhimurium lt7 and escherichia coli b, and both genes were sequenced. physicochemical analyses and deduced amino acid sequences indicate that sir-fp is an octamer of identical 66-kda peptides and contains 4 fad and 4 fmn per octamer. potentiometric titrations o ...	1989	2550423
synthesis of different nucleoside 5'-diphospho-sulfoquinovoses and their use for studies on sulfolipid biosynthesis in chloroplasts.	6-sulfo-alpha-d-quinovopyranosyl phosphate was reacted with different nucleoside monophosphate morpholidates to form adp-, cdp-, gdp- and udp-sulfoquinovose. analytical and preparative hplc of these nucleotides was performed on reversed-phase columns using volatile buffer systems as eluant. the isolated compounds were characterized by nmr spectroscopy (except the cdp derivative) and used for an investigation of sulfolipid biosynthesis by chloroplasts. for this purpose intact spinach chloroplasts ...	1989	2551689
calmodulin in heterocystous cyanobacteria: biochemical and immunological evidence.	the occurrence activity and localization of calmodulin in three heterocystous cyanobacteria of the genus anabaena were studied. boiled crude extracts caused a ca2+-dependent stimulation of nad kinase. such a stimulation was blocked by egta and chlorpromazine, sds-page and western blot analysis using antiserum against eukaryotic spinach calmodulin, revealed a polypeptide of about 17 kda. immunogold localization of calmodulin gave a dense gold label in both vegetative cells and heterocysts. the la ...	1989	2551772
site-directed mutagenesis of the spinach acyl carrier protein-i prosthetic group attachment site.	site-directed mutagenesis was used to change the phosphopantetheine attachment site (ser38) of spinach acyl carrier protein i (acp-i) from a serine to a threonine or cysteine residue. 1. although the native acp-i is fully phosphopantethenylated when expressed in escherichia coli, the th-acp-i and cy-acp-i mutants were found to be completely devoid of the phosphopantetheine group. therefore, the e. coli holoacp synthase requires serine for in vivo phosphopantetheine addition to spinach acp-i. 2. ...	1989	2553397
the axial ligands of heme in cytochromes: a near-infrared magnetic circular dichroism study of yeast cytochromes c, c1, and b and spinach cytochrome f.	room temperature near-infrared magnetic circular dichroism and low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance measurements have been used to characterize the ligands of the heme iron in mitochondrial cytochromes c, c1, and b and in cytochrome f of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. the mcd data show that methionine is the sixth ligand of the heme of oxidized yeast cytochrome c1; the identify of this residue is inferred to be the single conserved methionine identified from a partial al ...	1989	2557894
sequence analysis of the chromosomal and plasmid genes encoding phosphoribulokinase from alcaligenes eutrophus.	two dna fragments encoding the chromosomal and plasmid copies of the gene (cfxp) encoding phosphoribulokinase (prk) from the chemoautotrophic bacterium alcaligenes eutrophus, were sequenced and found to be highly homologous. the gene (cfxf) of another calvin cycle enzyme, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (fbpase), was identified as terminating immediately upstream of cfxp, but was not completely contained on both fragments. a hypothetical, also incompletely contained, open reading frame starts closel ...	1989	2559876
cloning and sequence analysis of cdnas encoding the cytosolic precursors of subunits gapa and gapb of chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from pea and spinach.	chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) is composed of two different subunits, gapa and gapb. cdna clones containing the entire coding sequences of the cytosolic precursors for gapa from pea and for gapb from pea and spinach have been identified, sequenced and the derived amino acid sequences have been compared to the corresponding sequences from tobacco, maize and mustard. these comparisons show that gapb differs from gapa in about 20% of its amino acid residues and by the ...	1989	2562762
the recombinant spinach acyl-acyl carrier protein-i expressed in escherichia coli is the 18:1 delta 11(cis) thioester.	a synthetic spinach acyl carrier protein-i (acp-i) gene was cloned and expressed in the escherichia coli beta-alanine auxotroph sj16 (p. d. beremand et al. (1987) arch. biochem. biophys. 256, 90-100). after characterization of the transformed cells and purification of the protein product it was evident that 50% of the recombinant spinach acp-i was acylated during early log-phase growth (d. j. guerra et al. (1988) j. biol. chem. 263, 4386-4391). we have purified the recombinant acyl-acyl carrier ...	1989	2565702
animal and plant mitochondria contain specific thioredoxins.	thioredoxins have been purified from pig heart and potato tuber mitochondria which differ in chromatographic behaviour, enzyme activating capacity, and slightly higher molecular mass (mr = 12,500) from the major thioredoxin(s) present in mitochondria-free fractions of the same tissue. both mt-thioredoxins can serve as hydrogen donor for e. coli ribonucleotide reductase but only the plant protein activates spinach chloroplast nadp malate dehydrogenase in vitro. mitochondrial target enzymes specif ...	1989	2591533
the genes of both subunits of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase constitute an operon on the plastome of a red alga.	plastid (pt) dna from the red alga porphyridium aerugineum was purified by cscl gradient centrifugation. an ecori library of the ptdna was screened with a gene probe specific for the gene encoding the large subunit (lsu) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco ec 4.1.1.39) from spinach. a 5.8 kb ecori clone containing the lsu gene (rbcl) was isolated and the dna sequence of the porphyridium rbcl gene and its flanking regions was determined. an open reading frame was found 130 ...	1989	2598276
oxidation--reduction midpoint potentials of the flavin, haem and mo-pterin centres in spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) nitrate reductase.	oxidation-reduction midpoint potentials have been determined for the flavin, cytochrome b557 and mo-pterin prosthetic groups of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) assimilatory nitrate reductase using visible, c.d. and room-temperature e.p.r. potentiometric titrations. at ph 7 and 25 degrees c, the midpoint potential for the fad/fadh2 couple was determined by c.d. potentiometry to be -280 +/- 10 mv (n = 2). the redox potential for reduction of the haem was determined by visible potentiometry to be -1 ...	1989	2604699
plastocyanin cytochrome f interaction.	spinach plastocyanin and turnip cytochrome f have been covalently linked by using a water-soluble carbodiimide to yield an adduct of the two proteins. the redox potential of cytochrome f in the adduct was shifted by -20 mv relative to that of free cytochrome f, while the redox potential of plastocyanin in the adduct was the same as that of free plastocyanin. solvent perturbation studies showed the degree of heme exposure in the adduct to be less than in free cytochrome f, indicating that plastoc ...	1989	2605172
bioavailability of total iron from meat, spinach (spinacea oleracea l.) and meat-spinach mixtures by anaemic and non-anaemic rats.	1. bioavailability of fe from beef, spinach (spinacea oleracea l.) and their mixtures was studied using anaemic and non-anaemic rats by haemoglobin regeneration efficiency (hre) and apparent fe absorption in two trials. 2. the initial haemoglobin levels of severely anaemic, mildly anaemic and non-anaemic rats were 63, 88 and 113 g/l, respectively. the fe level in diets was about 30 mg/kg. all other nutrients equalled or exceeded the requirement of the growing rat. 3. the spinach fe was well util ...	1989	2640540
n-terminal sequencing of photosystem ii low-molecular-mass proteins. 5 and 4.1 kda components of the o2-evolving core complex from higher plants.	high resolution gel electrophoresis in the low-molecular-mass region combined with electroblotting using polyvinylidene difluoride membranes enabled us to sequence the low-molecular-mass proteins of photosystem ii membrane fragments from spinach and wheat. the determined n-terminal sequences, all showing considerable homology between the two plants, involved two newly determined sequences for the 4.1 kda protein and one for the 5 kda proteins. the sequence of the 4.1 kda protein did not match an ...	1989	2644131
chloroplast ribosomal protein l13 is encoded in the nucleus and is considerably larger than its bacterial homologue. construction, immunoisolation, and nucleotide sequence (including transit peptide) its cdna clone from an angiosperm.	chloroplast ribosomes of higher plants are of the prokaryotic ribosome motif but, unlike in bacteria, their ribosomal protein (r-protein) genes are distributed between the organelle and the nucleus. in order to isolate some of the nuclear-encoded r-protein genes, we have raised antibodies to several spinach chloroplast r-proteins and constructed spinach cdna expression libraries in lambdagt11. screening the libraries with one of the antisera yielded three cdna clones for r-protein l13, an early ...	1989	2644249
the 23 kda polypeptide of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving complex from mustard seedlings (sinapis alba l.). nucleotide sequence of cdna and evidence for phytochrome control of its mrna abundance.	the nucleotide sequence of a cdna from mustard shows 78% homology in deduced amino acid sequence for the mature protein compared to the sequence for the 23 kda protein of the oxygen-evolving complex from spinach [(1987) febs lett. 216, 234-240]. there is also a high degree of homology between the premature protein sequences concerning the hydrophobic domain and its distance from the suggested processing site. the accumulation of mrna for the 23 kda protein in mustard was stimulated by continuous ...	1989	2651153
an nmr study of the helix v-loop e region of the 5s rna from escherichia coli.	experiments are described that complete the assignment of the imino proton nmr spectrum of the fragment 1 domain from the 5s rna of escherichia coli. most of the new assignments fall in the helix v-loop e portion of the molecule (bases 70-78 and 98-106), the region most sensitive to the binding of ribosomal protein l25. the spectroscopic data are incompatible with the standard, phylogenetically derived model for 5s rna, which makes all the base pairs possible in loop e with the sequences aligned ...	1989	2669961
characterization of the cysjih regions of salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli b. dna sequences of cysi and cysh and a model for the siroheme-fe4s4 active center of sulfite reductase hemoprotein based on amino acid homology with spinach nitrite reductase.	the hemoprotein component of salmonella typhimurium sulfite reductase (nadph) (ec 1.8.1.2) was purified to homogeneity from cysj266, a mutant strain lacking sulfite reductase flavoprotein. the siroheme- and fe4s4-containing enzyme was isolated as a monomeric 63-kda polypeptide and consisted of a mixture of unligated enzyme and a complex with sulfite. following reduction with 5'-deazaflavin-edta and reoxidation, the complex was converted to the uncomplexed, high spin ferri-siroheme state seen pre ...	1989	2670946
immunological detection of phytoene desaturase in algae and higher plants using an antiserum raised against a bacterial fusion-gene construct.	immunological characterization of phytoene desaturase, a key enzyme of carotenoid biosynthesis, is reported. for this purpose, a phytoene-desaturase fusion protein has been employed. for its construction 921 base pairs of the crti gene were fused to the n-terminal region of the escherichia coli lacz gene. plasmid pgabx2 resulted from insertion of a bgli - xhoi fragment from the rhodobacter capsulatus carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster, carrying the crti, crta and crtb genes, into pbr322. a 968 ...	1989	2676534
evidence that the amino-terminus of the 33 kda extrinsic protein is required for binding to the photosystem ii complex.	chymotrypsin and staphylococcus aureus (strain v8) proteinase eliminated sixteen and eighteen amino acid residues, respectively, from the amino-terminal side of the extrinsic 33 kda protein of the oxygen-evolving photosystem ii (ps ii) complex of spinach. the carboxy-terminus of the resultant large fragments was found to be identical with that of the intact protein. neither fragment could rebind to ps ii membranes depleted of all the extrinsic proteins. circular dichroism spectroscopy did not re ...	1989	2679884
acyl carrier protein is present in the mitochondria of plants and eucaryotic micro-organisms.	proteins antigenically similar to the acyl carrier protein (acp) found in the mitochondria of neurospora crassa were detected by immunoblotting and radioimmunoassay techniques in mitochondria isolated from yeast, potatoes, and pea leaves. these mitochondrial proteins were similar to neurospora acp both in their electrophoretic mobility and in their unusual decrease in mobility upon reduction. authentic acp(s) show this type of change upon conversion of the acylated to the unacylated form. purifi ...	1989	2680483
[cloning of chloroplast psba and rbcl-genes from cotton gossipium hirsutum].	the fragments of cotton gossipium hirsutum c.v. 108-f chloroplast genome were cloned in escherichia coli cells. the cloned psba and rbcl genes have been selected using the heterologous probes from spinach. the preliminary attempts to clone the complete psba gene in puc19 vector failed, probably, due to the toxicity of its product to escherichia coli cells, and its 5'- and 3'-ends were cloned separately. reconstruction experiments revealed that while the complete psba gene was unable to be stably ...	1989	2682223
characterization and n-terminal sequence of a 5 kda polypeptide in the photosystem i core complex from spinach.	photosystem i core complexes were isolated from spinach photosystem i particles after heat treatment in the presence of 50% (v/v) ethylene glycol (heat/eg treatment). the core complex from 58 degrees c/eg-treated particles was composed of polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 63, 60 and 5 kda; this complex contained the iron sulfur center fx but lacked center fa and fb. the core complex obtained from the 70 degrees c/eg-treated preparation lacked fx and contained a lesser amount of the ...	1989	2689219
presence in the stroma of chloroplasts of a large pool of a ribosomal protein not structurally related to any escherichia coli ribosomal protein.	a search was made for the presence of a pool of free ribosomal proteins in the stroma of the spinach chloroplast. the results showed that a relatively large amount of one protein, cs-s5, is present in the stroma. immunoprecipitation experiments showed that this protein is encoded by the nuclear genome. clones were isolated from a cdna library constructed in the expression vector lambda gt11, using specific antibodies raised against the cs-s5 protein. a full-length cdna was sequenced which contai ...	1989	2693942
crystal structure of the complex of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and a transition state analogue, 2-carboxy-d-arabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate.	the crystal structure of the binary complex of nonactivated ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from rhodospirillum rubrum and a transition state analogue, 2-carboxy-d-arabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate has been determined to 2.6 a resolution with x-ray crystallographic methods. the transition state analogue binds in a rather extended conformation at the active site. the orientation of the transition state analogue within the active site could be determined from the electron density maps. t ...	1989	2708355
primary structure of spinach-chloroplast thioredoxin f. protein sequencing and analysis of complete cdna clones for spinach-chloroplast thioredoxin f.	the primary structure of thioredoxin f from spinach chloroplasts was determined by standard amino acid sequencing and furthermore by sequencing the corresponding nuclear genome region. the protein, with a calculated molecular mass of 12,564 da and a molar absorption coefficient at 280 nm of 17,700 m-1 cm-1, consists of 113 residues and exhibits 24% residue identities with spinach chloroplast thioredoxin mb or escherichia coli thioredoxin. a monospecific antibody elicited against thioredoxin f ha ...	1989	2737203
partial characterization of the gene coding for subunit iv of soybean mitochondrial nadh dehydrogenase.	by using the spinach chloroplast atpe gene (epsilon-subunit coding gene) as a probe we have isolated, from a soybean mitochondrial dna library, a sequence containing a 405 base-pairs (bp) open-reading frame (orf). this orf, which is unique in the soybean mitochondrial genome, is probably part of an exon of the gene coding for subunit iv of the nadh dehydrogenase complex. the predicted protein shows 42% sequence similarity with the c-terminal region the aspergillus nidulans nad4 protein. the gene ...	1989	2743433
cotranscription of the s10- and spc-like operons in spinach chloroplasts and identification of three of their gene products.	the organisation and expression of the rpl22, rps3, rpl16 and rpl14 genes, which belong to the s10- and spc-like operons of spinach chloroplasts, have been studied. northern experiments and nuclease s1 mapping show that the two operon-like groups of genes are cotranscribed. it is demonstrated that the intron-containing rpl16 gene is spliced in vivo. based on amino acid composition and protein sequence data, the products of the rpl22, rpl16 and rpl14 genes are identified respectively as the spina ...	1989	2747623
computer modeling from solution data of spinach chloroplast and of xenopus laevis somatic and oocyte 5 s rrnas.	detailed atomic models of a eubacterial 5 s rrna (spinach chloroplast 5 s rrna) and of a eukaryotic 5 s rrna (somatic and oocyte 5 s rrna from xenopus laevis) were built using computer graphic. both models integrate stereochemical constraints and experimental data on the accessibility of bases and phosphates towards several structure-specific probes. the base sequence was first inserted on to three-dimensional structural fragments picked up in a specially devised databank. the fragments were mod ...	1989	2754730
isolation, characterization, and biological activity of ferredoxin-nad+ reductase from the methane oxidizer methylosinus trichosporium ob3b.	a ferredoxin-nad+ oxidoreductase (ec 1.18.1.3) has been isolated from extracts of the obligate methanotroph methylosinus trichosporium ob3b. this enzyme was shown to couple electron flow from formate dehydrogenase (nad+ requiring) to ferredoxin. ferredoxin-nad+ reductase was purified to homogeneity by conventional chromatography techniques and was shown to be a flavoprotein with a molecular weight of 36,000 +/- 1,000. this ferredoxin reductase was specific for nadh (km, 125 microm) and coupled e ...	1989	2768195
in vitro synthesis of biologically active beet necrotic yellow vein virus rna.	beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) has a quadripartite plus-strand rna genome in which the two smallest genome components, rna 3 and 4, are not necessary for virus multiplication in leaves. infectious transcripts of bnyvv rna 3 and 4 have already been described (v. ziegler-graff, s. bouzoubaa, i. jupin, h. guilley, g. jonard, and k. richards (1988) j. gen. virol. 69, 2347-2357). in this paper we describe synthesis of a full-length rna-1 transcript by bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase-directed ...	1989	2773320
laser flash photolysis studies of the kinetics of reduction of spinach and clostridium ferredoxins by a viologen analogue: electrostatically controlled nonproductive complex formation and differential reactivity among the iron-sulfur clusters.	we have studied the transient kinetics of electron transfer from a positively charged viologen analogue (propylene diquat), reduced by pulsed laser excitation of the deazariboflavin/edta system, to the net negatively charged ferredoxins from spinach and clostridium pasteurianum. spinach ferredoxin showed monophasic kinetics over the ionic strength range studied, consistent with the presence of only a single iron-sulfur center. clostridium ferredoxin at low ionic strength showed biphasic kinetics ...	1989	2775750
potential utilization of algal protein concentrate as a food ingredient in space habitats.	green alga scenedesmus obliquus was studied as one of the potential sources of macronutrients in a space habitat. algal protein concentrate (70.5% protein) was incorporated into a variety of food products such as bran muffins, fettuccine (spinach noodle imitation) and chocolate chip cookies. food products containing 20 to 40% of incorporated algal proteins were considered. in the sensory analysis the greenish color of the bran muffins and cookies was not found to be objectional. the mild spin ...	1989	11538068
evidence from solanum tuberosum in support of the dual-pathway hypothesis of aromatic biosynthesis.	key branchpoint enzymes of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (ds) and chorismate mutase (cm), have previously been shown to exist as separate compartmentalized isozymes in the chloroplasts and cytosol of tobacco, sorghum and spinach. although additional examples of plants containing these isozyme pairs are accumulating, some studies in the literature report the presence of only the single plastidic ds or cm enzyme. such apparent exceptions con ...	1989	16666497
an examination of the plastid dna of hypohaploid nicotiana plumbaginifolia plants.	dna was extracted from different morphological types of hypohaploid nicotiana plumbaginifolia plants. the cellular levels of chloroplast dna (expressed as percent of total dna) were found to be approximately two- to threefold higher in two albino hypohaploids than in a green hypohaploid. the level of chloroplast dna in the green hypohaploid was not significantly different from either in vitro or in vivo grown haploid n. plumbaginifolia plants. molecular hybridization with dna probes for the larg ...	1989	16666781
cloning of cdna sequences encoding the calcium-binding protein, calmodulin, from barley (hordeum vulgare l.).	full- and partial-length cdnas encoding calmodulin mrna have been cloned and sequenced from barley (hordeum vulgare l.). barley leaf mrna, size-fractionated in sucrose density gradients, was used to synthesize double-stranded cdna. the cdna was cloned in lambdagt10 and screened with a synthetic, 14-nucleotide oligonucleotide probe, which was designed using the predicted coding sequences of the carboxy termini of spinach and wheat calmodulin proteins. the primary structure of barley calmodulin, p ...	1989	16666833
species and environmental variations in the effect of inorganic phosphate on sucrose-phosphate synthase activity : reliability of assays based upon udp formation.	the effect of inorganic phosphate (pi) on sucrose-phosphate synthase (sps) activity was determined for the enzyme from five plant species (nicotiana tabacum l., spinacia oleracea l., triticum aestivum l., zea mays l., glycine max l.) using two assay methods. the assay method based on determination of uridine diphosphate glucose- (udpg) and fructose-6-phosphate-dependent sucrose formation was linear up to 15 minutes for all species tested. when assayed in this way, the effect of pi at levels of 5 ...	1989	16667054
analysis of chromophytic and rhodophytic ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase indicates extensive structural and functional similarities among evolutionarily diverse algae.	ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) from the algae olisthodiscus luteus (chromophyte) and griffithsia pacifica (rhodophyte) are remarkably similar to each other. however, both enzymes differ significantly in the structure and function when compared to rubisco from green algae and land plants. analysis of purified rubisco from o. luteus and g. pacifica indicates that the size of the holoenzyme and stoichiometry of the 55 and 15 kilodalton subunit polypeptides are approximately 550 kil ...	1989	16667160
structural similarities between spinach chloroplast and cytosolic class i fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolases : immunochemical and amino-terminal amino acid sequence analysis.	immunochemical studies using polyclonal antisera prepared individually against highly purified cytosolic and chloroplast spinach leaf (spinacia oleracea) fructose bisphosphate aldolases showed significant cross reaction between both forms of spinach aldolase and their heterologous antisera. the individual cross reactions were estimated to be approximately 50% in both cases under conditions of antibody saturation using a highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. in contrast, the class i ...	1989	16667191
evidence for a universal pathway of abscisic acid biosynthesis in higher plants from o incorporation patterns.	previous labeling studies of abscisic acid (aba) with (18)o(2) have been mainly conducted with water-stressed leaves. in this study, (18)o incorporation into aba of stressed leaves of various species was compared with (18)o labeling of aba of turgid leaves and of fruit tissue in different stages of ripening. in stressed leaves of all six species investigated, avocado (persea americana), barley (hordeum vulgare), bean (phaseolus vulgaris), cocklebur (xanthium strumarium), spinach (spinacia olerac ...	1989	16667222
reexamination of the three-dimensional structure of the small subunit of rubisco from higher plants.	the structure of l(8)s(8) rubisco (where l is the large subunit and s is the small subunit) from spinach has been determined to a resolution of 2.8 ångstrom by using fourfold averaging of an isomorphous electron density map based on three heavy-atom derivatives. the structure of the s subunit is different from that previously reported for the tobacco s subunit in spite of 75 percent sequence identity. the elements of secondary structure, four antiparallel beta strands and two alpha helices, are ...	1989	17740342
expression of an active spinach acyl carrier protein-i/protein-a gene fusion.	a synthetic gene encoding spinach acyl carrier protein i (acp-i) was fused to a gene encoding the fc-binding portion of staphylococcal protein a. this gene fusion, under the control of the λpr promoter, was expressed at high levels in escherichia coli producing a 42 kda fusion protein. this fusion protein was phosphopantethenylated in e. coli. in vitro the acp portion of the fusion protein was able to participate in acyl acp synthetase reactions, plant malonyl-coa:acp transacylase (mct) reaction ...	1989	24272721
adenylate kinase bound to the envelope membranes of spinach chloroplasts.		1989	203230
crystalline inclusion in thylakoids of spinach chloroplasts.		1989	172652
localization of a protein, immunologically similar to a sucrose-binding protein from developing soybean cotyledons, on the plasma membrane of sieve-tube members of spinach leaves.	immunocytochemical studies using antibodies raised against a 62-kda membrane protein isolated from developing soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) cotyledons were performed on leaf tissue of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.). this 62-kda protein was labeled by 6'-deoxy-6'-(4-azido-2-hydroxy)-benzamidosucrose (habs), a photoaffinity sucrose analogue (k. g. ripp et al., 1988, plant physiol.88, 1435-1445). western-blot analysis of spinach plasma-membrane proteins indicated a cross-reactive polypeptide ide ...	1989	24201850
regulation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity in response to diurnal changes in irradiance.	the regulation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (rubp) carboxylase (rubisco) activity and metabolite pool sizes in response to natural diurnal changes in photon flux density (pfd) was examined in three species (phaseolus vulgaris, beta vulgaris, and spinacia oleracea) known to differ in the mechanisms used for this regulation. diurnal regulation of rubisco activity in p. vulgaris was primarily the result of metabolism of the naturally occurring tight-binding inhibitor of rubisco, 2-carboxyarabinitol ...	1989	16666642
bioavailability of oxalic acid from spinach, sugar beet fibre and a solution of sodium oxalate consumed by female volunteers.	oxalate bioavailability from sugar beet fibre (40 g), spinach (25 g) and a solution of sodium oxalate (182 mg) was tested in nine women using a triplicated 3 x 3 latin square arrangement. each test substance provided 120 mg oxalic acid. throughout the study the volunteers consumed a control diet and the test substances were administered at breakfast on specified days. after an initial 2-day control period, oxalate was administered in three test periods that consisted of one test day followed by ...	1989	2731814
purification and preliminary characterization of sucrose-phosphate synthase using monoclonal antibodies.	monoclonal antibodies specific for sucrose phosphate synthase (sps; ec 2.4.1.14) have been obtained for the first time. three independent clones have been isolated which inhibited spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) leaf sps activity and facilitated the enzyme purification by immunoprecipitation. all three clones were specific for the spinach enzyme but neither inhibited nor precipitated the sps present in tissue extracts of maize (zea mays l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.), soybean (glycine max l.), ...	1989	16666575
light-dependent kinetics of 2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate metabolism and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity in vivo.	the light-dependent kinetics of the apparent in vivo synthesis and degradation of 2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate (ca1p) were studied in three species of higher plants which differ in the extent to which this compound is involved in the light-dependent regulation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) activity. detailed studies with phaseolus vulgaris indicate that both the degradation and synthesis of this compound are light-stimulated, although light is absolutely required only for ...	1989	16666511
alternative mrna splicing generates the two ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase polypeptides in spinach and arabidopsis.	sequence analysis of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) activase cdna and genomic clones isolated from spinach and arabidopsis thaliana indicates that the two polypeptides of rubisco activase arise from alternative splicing of a common pre-mrna. in spinach, two 5' splice sites are used in processing a single 137-nucleotide intron near the 3' end of the primary transcript. this intron was either removed completely or, alternatively, the first 22 nucleotides of the intervening se ...	1989	2535524
primary structure of chlamydomonas reinhardtii ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase and evidence for a single polypeptide.	immunoblot analysis of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) activase from the green alga chlamydomonas reinhardtii indicated the presence of a single polypeptide. this observation contrasts with the spinacea oleracea (spinach) and arabidopsis thaliana proteins, in which two polypeptide species are generated by alternative pre-mrna splicing. a chlamydomonas rubisco activase cdna clone containing the entire coding region was isolated and sequenced. the open reading frame encod ...	1990	16667924
trapping at low temperature of oriented chloroplasts: application to the study of antenna pigments and of the trap of photosystem-1.	a technique is described for the preparation of oriented samples from spinach chloroplasts whose linear dichroism is then studied by (flash) absorption spectroscopy. the chloroplasts are suspended in a glycerol-containing medium, oriented in a magnetic field, and slowly cooled in the magnet until the medium is rigid enough to avoid disorientation effects. the absorption spectra in polarized light have been measured at -50 degrees and -170 degrees c. they allow the orientation of chlorophyll b to ...	1990	1003967
an in vitro transcription termination system to analyze chloroplast promoters: identification of multiple promoters for the spinach atpb gene.	promoters for spinach chloroplast genes were cloned 5' to a strong factor-independent transcription terminator from e. coli. these "minigene" constructions were transcribed in vitro by a transcriptionally active extract of spinach chloroplasts. transcription of supercoiled dna templates resulted in synthesis of discretely-sized rnas that were readily quantifiable. the efficiency of transcription was up to 3.5 rnas per template. the transcription termination system described in this report was us ...	1990	1690085
effect of integral membrane proteins on the lateral mobility of plastoquinone in phosphatidylcholine proteoliposomes.	pyrene fluorescence quenching by plastoquinone was used to estimate the rate of plastoquinone lateral diffusion in soybean phosphatidylcholine proteoliposomes containing the following integral membrane proteins: gramicidin d, spinach cytochrome bf complex, spinach cytochrome f, reaction centers from rhodobacter sphaeroides, beef heart mitochondrial cytochrome bc(1), and beef heart mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase. the measured plastoquinone lateral diffusion coefficient varied between 1 and 3 . ...	1990	19431774
identification of the large subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase as a substrate for transglutaminase in medicago sativa l. (alfalfa).	extracts prepared from floral meristematic tissue of alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) were investigated for expression of the enzyme transglutaminase in order to identify the major protein substrate for transglutaminase-directed modifications among plant proteins. the large polymorphic subunits of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in alfalfa, with molecular weights of 52,700 and 57,600, are major substrates for transglutaminase in these extracts. this was established by: (a) covalent c ...	1990	16667270
purification by immunoadsorption and immunochemical properties of nadp-dependent malic enzymes from leaves of c(3), c(4), and crassulacean acid metabolism plants.	nadp:malic enzyme from corn (zea mays l.) leaves was purified by conventional techniques to apparent homogeneity as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. antibodies raised against this protein in rabbits were purified, coupled covalently to protein a-sepharose cl-4b, and used as an immunoaffinity resin to purify the nadp:malic enzymes of the c(3) plants spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.), of the crassulacean acid metabolism (cam) plant ...	1990	16667339
purification and characterization of a ferredoxin-nadp oxidoreductase-like enzyme from radish root tissues.	an enzyme able to reduce cytochrome c via ferredoxin in the presence of nadph, was isolated, purified from radish (raphanus sativus var acanthiformis cultivar miyashige) roots and characterized. the enzyme was purified by deae-cellulose, blue-cellulofine, ferredoxin-sepharose 4b, and sephadex g-100 column chromatography. molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 33,000 and 35,000 daltons by sephadex g-100 gel filtration and sds-page, respectively. its absorption spectrum suggested that th ...	1990	16667598
hypothesis for the evolutionary origin of the chloroplast ribosomal protein l21 of spinach.	a full size cdna clone encoding the chloroplast ribosomal protein l21 from spinach is presented. the identity of the clone and the location of the transit peptide processing site were determined by comparison with the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the spinach chloroplast protein cs-l7 previously identified. l21 r-protein sequences from spinach, marchantia polymorpha and escherichia coli are compared. quite surprisingly, the data do not suggest that the rpl21 nuclear gene from spinach was der ...	1990	2076556
a ferredoxin-type iron-sulfur protein gene, frx b, is expressed in the chloroplasts of tobacco and spinach.	previously, a ferredoxin-type iron-sulfur protein, frx b protein, was identified in a high-salt extract of the purified thylakoid membrane of chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular green alga. polyclonal antibody was raised against a synthetic pentadecameric peptide with an amino acid sequence corresponding to the highly conserved region of the putative frx b proteins of 3 land plants. in this report, protein(s) reacting strongly and specifically with this antibody was detected in the equivale ...	1990	2103463
characterization of a ferredoxin:nadp+ oxidoreductase from a nonphotosynthetic plant tissue.	a flavoprotein with properties similar to those of ferredoxin:nadp+ oxidoreductases found in the leaves of higher plants has been purified to apparent homogeneity from bean sprouts, a nonphotosynthetic plant tissue. the absorbance and circular dichroism spectra of the bean sprout protein are similar to those of spinach leaf ferredoxin:nadp+ oxidoreductase and an antibody raised against the spinach enzyme recognized the bean sprout enzyme. the bean sprout enzyme catalyzed ferredoxin-dependent ele ...	1990	2105079
hsp70 proteins, similar to escherichia coli dnak, in chloroplasts and mitochondria of euglena gracilis.	the heat-shock response of euglena gracilis was studied by pulse-labeling cells with [35s]sulfate at both the normal growth temperature (21 degrees c) and an elevated temperature (36 degrees c). analysis of the labeled proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the rate of synthesis of at least 3 major and 15 minor polypeptides increased in cells grown at the higher temperature. three of the proteins appear to be immunologically related to the ubiquitous approximately 70-kda h ...	1990	2106681
primary structure of a 7fe ferredoxin from streptomyces griseus.	the complete primary structure of a streptomyces griseus (atcc 13273) 7fe ferredoxin, which can couple electron transfer between spinach ferredoxin reductase and s. griseus cytochrome p-450soy for nadph-dependent substrate oxidation, has been determined by edman degradation of the whole protein and peptides derived by staphylococcus aureus v8 proteinase and trypsin digestion. the protein consists of 105 amino acids and has a calculated molecular weight, including seven irons and eight sulfurs, o ...	1990	2106913
spinach carbonic anhydrase primary structure deduced from the sequence of a cdna clone.	a cdna clone 1,156 base pairs in length was selected by screening a lambda gt11 library with antibodies directed against spinach chloroplast carbonic anhydrase (carbonate dehydratase, ec 4.2.1.1). sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 957 base pairs encoding a polypeptide containing 319 amino acids with a molecular weight of 34,569. this polypeptide is of sufficient size to represent the precursor of spinach chloroplast carbonic anhydrase. the polypeptide contains a sequence of 19 ...	1990	2108138
comparison of the crystal structures of l2 and l8s8 rubisco suggests a functional role for the small subunit.	comparison of the crystal structures of the l2 and l8s8 forms of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from rhodospirillum rubrum and spinach respectively, reveals a remarkable similarity in the overall architecture of the l2 building blocks in the two enzymes. within the l subunits, no large conformational differences such as domain-domain rotations were found. in spite of a somewhat different packing of the l subunits in the l2 dimer, the active sites of the two enzymes are highly conserved. s ...	1990	2113466
a 31p-nuclear-magnetic-resonance study of nadph-cytochrome-p-450 reductase and of the azotobacter flavodoxin/ferredoxin-nadp+ reductase complex.	31p-nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy has been employed to probe the structure of the detergent-solubilized form of liver microsomal nadph--cytochrome-p-450 reductase. in addition to the resonances due to the fmn and fad coenzymes, additional phosphorus resonances are observed and are assigned to the tightly bound adenosine 2'-phosphate (2'-amp) and to phospholipids. the phospholipid content was found to vary with the preparation; however, the 2'-amp resonance was observed in all preparati ...	1990	2115440
residues in three conserved regions of the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase are required for quaternary structure.	to explore the role of individual residues in the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (ec 4.1.1.39), small subunits with single amino acid substitutions in three regions of relative sequence conservation were produced by directed mutagenesis of the rbcs gene from anabaena 7120. these altered small subunits were cosynthesized with large subunits (from an expressed anabaena rbcl gene) in escherichia coli. mutants were analyzed for effects on quaternary structure and ca ...	1990	2116005
lack of regio- and stereospecificity in oxidation of (+) camphor by streptomyces griseus enriched in cytochrome p-450soy.	oxidation of (+) camphor by cytochrome p-450soy-enriched intact cells of streptomyces griseus resulted in the formation of one major and several minor metabolites. the minor metabolites were identified as 3-endo-hydroxycamphor (2%), 5-endo-hydroxycamphor (7%), 5-exo-hydroxycamphor (9%), 2,5-diketobornane (2%), and camphorquinone (3%). the major metabolite was isolated and conclusively identified as 6-endo-hydroxycamphor (60%). when supplemented with nadph, spinach ferredoxin:nadp oxidoreductase ...	1990	2116789
the purification and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of recombinant synechococcus ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from escherichia coli.	x-ray crystallographic diffraction data has been collected for recombinant hexadecameric ribulose-p2 carboxylase from the cyanobacterium synechococcus pcc6301 expressed in escherichia coli. the enzyme has been purified and then crystallized in a number of crystal forms from polyethylene glycol solutions. the best crystals were obtained with enzyme that was first activated with the cofactors co2 and mg2+ in the presence of the tight-binding intermediate analogue, 2'-carboxyarabinitol 1,5-bisphosp ...	1990	2118521
n-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of small subunits of photosystem i reaction center complex from a thermophilic cyanobacterium, synechococcus elongatus nägeli.	four small subunits (14, 13, 10, and 8 kda) of the photosystem i reaction center complex were isolated from a thermophilic cyanobacterium synechococcus elongatus and their n-terminal amino acid sequences determined. sequence analysis of the 10-kda subunit revealed that the distribution of cysteine residues, cys-x-x-cys-x-x-cys-x-x-x-cys-pro, is characteristic of bacterial-type ferredoxins, and that its partial sequence is highly homologous to that deduced from the chloroplast gene frx a of liver ...	1990	2119498
adenylate cyclase activity in cyanobacteria: activation by ca(2+)-calmodulin and a calmodulin-like activity.	an adenylate cyclase activity was partially characterized in the cyanobacterium anabaena sp. the enzyme activity is found in soluble cell fractions and shows an apparent molecular weight of about 183,400. this adenylate cyclase is activated by ca2+ and bovine brain or spinach calmodulin and it is inhibited by egta and some phenothiazine derivatives. furthermore, anabaena sp. extracts contain a calmodulin-like activity which stimulates bovine brain cyclic amp phosphodiesterase and the anabaena ad ...	1990	2121284
purification and characterization of acyl carrier protein from two cyanobacteria species.	the acyl carrier protein (acp), an essential protein cofactor for fatty acid synthesis, has been isolated from two cyanobacteria: the filamentous, heterocystous, anabaena variabilis (atcc 29211) and the unicellular synechocystis 6803 (atcc 27184). both acps have been purified to homogeneity utilizing a three-column procedure. synechocystis 6803 acp was purified 1800-fold with 67% yield, while a. variabilis acp was purified 1040-fold with 50% yield. yields of 13.0 micrograms acp/g synechocystis 6 ...	1990	2123456
the chloroplast cf0i subunit can replace the b-subunit of the f0f1-atpase in a mutant strain of escherichia coli k12.	the amino acid sequence of the cf0i subunit from the chloroplast f0f1-atpase has only a low similarity to the amino acid sequence of the b-subunit of the e. coli f0f1-atpase. however, secondary and tertiary structure predictions plus the distribution of hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids have indicated that these two subunits serve a similar function. this proposition was investigated directly. a cdna clone for the chloroplast atpf gene, encoding the cf0i subunit, was altered by site-direct ...	1990	2137012
the primary structure of the gamma-subunit of the atpase from synechocystis 6803.	the nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for the f0f1-atpase gamma-subunit (atpc) from the transformable cyanobacterium synchocystis 6083 has been determined. the deduced translation product consists of 314 amino acid residues and is highly homologous (72% identical residues) to the sequences of other cyanobacterial gamma-subunits. the synechocystis 6803 sequence is also homologous to the chloroplast gamma-sequence. like in the other cyanobacterial subunits, only the first of the 3 cysteine re ...	1990	2137788
the divergently transcribed rbcl and atpb genes of tobacco plastid dna are separated by nineteen base pairs.	the in vivo transcripts of the tobacco chloroplast gene for the beta subunit of the atpase (atpb) were examined. in tobacco, like spinach, the atpb gene encodes multiple transcripts. six tobacco atpb transcripts are present in vivo, with 5' ends at positions "-90", "-255", "-290", "-490", "-500" and "-610" relative to the translation initiation site. the 5' end of the atpb gene ("-610" position) is 20 base pairs from the 5' end of the rbcl gene, coded for on the complementary strand. the "-255", ...	1990	2138063
induction by different thioredoxins of atpase activity in coupling factor 1 from spinach chloroplasts.	atpase activity of the coupling factor 1, cf1, isolated from spinach chloroplasts, was enhanced by reduction with dithiothreitol. reduced thioredoxins from spinach chloroplasts, escherichia coli and human lymphocytes replaced dithiothreitol as reductant and activator of the atpase. cf1 must be in an oxidized activated state to be further activated by reduced thioredoxin. this state was obtained either by heating cf1 or removing the inhibitory intrinsic epsilon subunit from cf1. efficiency and pr ...	1990	2140277
f0f1-atpase of plant mitochondria: isolation and polypeptide composition.	a simple and high yield purification procedure for the isolation of f0f1-atpase from spinach leaf mitochondria has been developed. this is the first report concerning purification and composition of the plant mitochondrial f0f1-atpase. the enzyme is selectively extracted from inner membrane vesicles with the zwitterionic detergent, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethyl ammonio]-1- propane sulfonate (chaps). the purified enzyme exhibits a high oligomycin-sensitive atpase activity (3,6 mumol.min-1.mg-1) ...	1990	2143900
isolation and characterization of the constitutive acyl carrier protein from rhizobium meliloti.	rhizobium species produce an inducible acyl carrier protein (acp), encoded by the nodf gene, that somehow functions in an exchange of cell signals between bacteria and specific plant hosts, leading to nodulation of plant roots and symbiotic nitrogen fixation, as well as a constitutive acp needed for the synthesis of essential cell lipids. the periplasmic cyclic glucans of rhizobium spp. are also involved in specific rhizobium-plant interaction. these glucans are strongly similar to the periplasm ...	1990	2144277
expression of subunit iii of the atp synthase from spinach chloroplasts in escherichia coli.	expression of subunit iii of the atp synthase from spinach chloroplasts in escherichia coli has been achieved. although the protein is inserted into the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, formation of a functional fo complex was not observed.	1990	2146153
analysis of chloroplast promoters using bidirectional transcription vectors.	spinach chloroplast rna polymerase has been shown to efficiently terminate transcription at the threonine attenuator (thra) from escherichia coli. in this study, efficient transcription termination by the chloroplast rna polymerase was observed at a second prokaryotic terminator, the histidine attenuator (hisa) from salmonella typhimurium. termination occurred regardless of the orientation of either attenuator. in higher-plant chloroplast dna, the genes for the beta subunit of the atpase (atpb) ...	1990	2151732
purification and characterization of a 7fe ferredoxin from streptomyces griseus.	a ferredoxin has been purified from streptomyces griseus grown in soybean flour-containing medium. the homogeneous protein has a molecular weight near 14,000 as determined by both page and size exclusion chromatography. the iron and labile sulfide content is 6-7 atoms/mole protein. epr spectroscopy of native s. griseus ferredoxin shows an isotropic signal at g = 2.01 which is typical of [3fe-4s]1+ clusters and which quantitates to 0.9 spin/mole. reduction of the ferredoxin by excess dithionite a ...	1990	2155656
the complex formed between plastocyanin and cytochrome c. investigation by nmr spectroscopy.	spinach plastocyanin and horse heart cytochrome c have been shown, by monitoring the behaviour of the hyperfine-shifted heme resonances of fe(iii) cytochrome c on titration with cu(ii) plastocyanin, to form a 1:1 complex with a dissociation constant of 67 mm (d2o, ph* 7.0, 300 k). the interaction sites on the plastocyanin surface have been investigated in one- and two-dimensional nmr experiments involving competition for plastocyanin between cytochrome c and the paramagnetic cation cr(nh3)(3+)6. ...	1990	2156702
spinach cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. purification, enzyme properties and structural comparisons.	cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from spinach leaves was purified to homogeneity and characterized. the pure enzyme has a subunit mass of 38 kda, its km values for fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and mg2+ are 1.5 microm and 260 mm, respectively, and its vmax is 110-120 units/mg. it is inhibited by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and amp with ki values of 0.07 microm and 120 microm, respectively. about 90% of the primary structure of the spinach cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase has been determined ...	1990	2158892