Publications

membrane potential changes during chemotaxis of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.		1979	313342
membranes of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides: effect of cerulenin on assembly of chromatophore membrane.	the effects of cerulenin were investigated in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides to elucidate further the mechanisms controlling the assembly of the chromatophore membrane. when this potent inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis was added to photosynthetically grown cultures, there was an immediate cessation of phospholipid, bacteriochlorophyll a, carotenoid, and ubiquinone formation. concurrently, there was also a marked decrease in the rate of incorporation of protein into the chromatophore membrane. ...	1979	313392
orientation of reaction center and antenna chromophores in the photosynthetic membrane of rhodopseudomonas viridis.		1979	760778
arrangement and interaction of pigment molecules in reaction centers of rhodopseudomonas viridis. photodichroism and circular dichroism of reaction centers at 100 k.		1979	760781
azethoxyl nitroxide spin labels. esr studies involving thiourea crystals, model membrane systems and chromatophores, and chemical reduction with ascorbate and dithiothreitol.	trans- and cis-azethoxyl nitroxides 1, 2, 3 and 4 can be trapped in the cavities of thiourea crystals. the presence of a single gauche conformation on either side of the pyrrolidine ring within the crystals was indicated by the esr spectra. rotation about the long molecular axis then corresponds approximately to y-axis motion of the nitroxide moiety. proxyl nitroxides in which the nitroxide group is located on the penultimate carbon of long chain lipids can also be trapped and were shown to adop ...	1979	217428
[conformational mobility and functional activity of photosynthetic reaction centers of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides].	in pigment-protein complexes of photosynthetic reaction centres (rc's), extracted from chromatophore membranes of rps. sphaeroides with sodium dodecylsulphate, functional activity and intramolecular mobility were studied as a function of temperature and hydration by use of the technique of optical absorbance and esr spectroscopy. over the studied temperature range from +20 to -120 degrees c and at a relative humidity (p/ps) from 0.9 to 0.1, there observed a close interrelationship between revers ...	1979	220525
ubiquinone in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. some thermodynamic properties.	in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides chromatophores there are 25 +/- 3 ubiquinone (q) molecules/reaction center protein. they comprise several thermodynamically and functionally different ubiquinone complements. there are approx. 19 ubiquinones (em7 = 90 mv) in the main ubiquinone complement which, within experimental resolution, appears thermodynamically homogenous and follows the redox reaction q + 2e + 2h+ in equilibrium with qh2 from ph 5--9. a method which takes advantage of the 2h+ bound/molecu ...	1979	221012
cytochrome c2--reaction centre coupling in chromatophores of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and rhodopseudomonas capsulata.		1979	221250
anomalies in amino acid sequences of small cytochromes c and cytochromes c' from two species of purple photosynthetic bacteria.		1979	221823
photooxidation of antenna bacteriochlorophyll in chromatophores from carotenoidless mutant rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and the attendant loss of dimeric exciton interaction.	intense continuous illumination of purified chromatophores from carotenoidless mutant rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides results in progressive photooxidative loss of the near infrared absorption band near 860 nm assigned to antenna bacteriochlorophyll. the quantum yield of this reaction is low, approximately 1.7 x 10(-5). the loss in near infrared absorption is accompanied by a proportional shift in the absorption maximum to shorter wavelengths. the double circular dichroism feature in the near infra ...	1979	16592712
chromophore organization in photosynthetic reaction centers: high-resolution magnetophotoselection.	the electron spin resonance spectrum of the triplet excited state of rhodopseudomonas spheroides r-26 reaction centers has been studied after excitation with the polarized narrow-bandwidth output of a tunable dye laser from 520 to 670 nm. a theory is developed relating experimental observables to the angles between the electronic transition dipole moment of the excited chromophore and the principle magnetic axis system of the triplet state of the dimeric trap. data is presented which demonstrate ...	1979	16592720
functional reconstitution of photosynthetic reaction centers in planar lipid bilayers.	planar lipid bilayers containing reaction centers from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides r-26 were formed by apposing two reaction center-lipid monolayers formed from a reaction center-lipid complex in hexane. secondary donors (cytochrome c) and acceptors (ubiquinone-0) were added on opposite sides of the membrane. upon illumination, this system generated transient and steady-state voltages and currents. the wavelength dependence of the photoresponse matched the absorption spectrum of reaction center ...	1979	16592737
structure of a bacterial photosynthetic membrane.	the internal photosynthetic membranes of a photosynthetic bacterium, rhodopseudomonas viridis, have been studied with a variety of electron microscope techniques. the membranes are composed of a sheet of apparently identical subunits arranged in a hexagonal fashion. the individual subunits repeat at a distance of 110 a. optical transforms have been used to enhance micrographs of this ordered membrane, and the images synthesized in this way show details of each subunit. the individual subunits ar ...	1979	16592741
dark anaerobic dinitrogen fixation by a photosynthetic microorganism.	photosynthetic purple bacteria can grow with dinitrogen gas as the sole nitrogen source under anaerobic conditions with light as the energy source. the bacterium rhodopseudomonas capsulata can fix nitrogen in darkness with alternative energy conversion systems, namely, anaerobic sugar fermentation and aerobic respiration at low oxygen tension. although growth on dinitrogen is optimal under photosynthetic conditions, the results show that reduction of dinitrogen is not obligatorily coupled to act ...	1979	17814204
mode of inhibition of electron transport by orthophenanthroline in chromatophores and reaction centers of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, light causes the transfer of electrons from bacteriochlorophyll to ubiquinone in the photochemical reaction centers. electrons from this "primary" ubiquinone move on to a secondary ubiquinone. we have studied the manner in which o-phenanthroline inhibits the transfer of electrons from primary to secondary ubiquinone in chromatophores (intracytoplasmic membrane fragments) and isolated reaction centers of rp. sphaeroides. the formation of anionic semiquinones, both ...	1980	16592799
the interrelation of the two c-type cytochromes in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides photosynthesis.	photosynthetic electron flow in the bacterium rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides involves two c-type cytochromes, one membrane-bound and the other a soluble protein, cytochrome c2. membranes deficient in cytochrome c2 were used for photo-oxidation studies, with and without the addition of purified cytochrome c2. the results favour a series interrelation, membrane cytochrome c-cytochrome c2-reaction centre.	1980	6263260
asparagine and glutamine metabolism in rhodopseudomonas acidophila.	rhodopseudomonas acidophila strain 7050 achieved balance growth when provided with either asparagine or glutamine as nitrogen source. under these growth conditions r. acidophila synthesized a mixed amidase which exhibited similar activity (223--422 nmol/min . mg protein) against either nitrogen source. determination of the free intracellular amino acid pools show that deamidation of asparagine and glutamine resulted in elevated levels of both aspartate and glutamate. cell-free extracts of r. aci ...	1980	7212928
purification of glutamine synthetase from a variety of bacteria.	we have developed two procedures which allow the very rapid purification of glutamine synthetase (gs) from a diverse variety of bacteria. the first procedure, based upon differential sedimentation, depends upon the association of gs with deoxyribonucleic acid in cell extracts. the second procedure, derived from the method of c. gross et al (j. bacteriol. 128:382-389, 1976) for purifying ribonucleic acid polymerase by polyethylene glycol (peg) precipitation, enabled us to obtain high yields of gs ...	1980	6102984
regulation of nitrogenase a and r concentrations in rhodopseudomonas capsulata by glutamine synthetase.	nitrogen-starved purple non-sulphur bacteria have an active unregulated form of nitrogenase (nitrogenase a); however, the nitrogenase of a glutamine synthetase-negative mutant of rhodopseudomonas capsulata, when nitrogen-starved, was predominantly inactive and required activation by mn2+ and activating-factor protein. this regulatory form of nitrogenase has been called nitrogenase r. treatment of wild-type cells (containing nitrogenase a) with methionine sulphoximine, an inhibitor of glutamine s ...	1980	6105870
reassembly of protein-lipid complexes into large bilayer vesicles: perspectives for membrane reconstitution.	protein-lipid complexes in apolar solvents reassemble into large bilayer protein-lipid vesicles (plvs) with diameters of several micrometers. plvs form spontaneously upon hydration of the protein-lipid complex residue after solvent removal. this procedure has been applied to the following membrane proteins: bovine and squid rhodopsin, reaction centers from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, beef heart cytochrome c oxidase, and acetylcholine receptors from torpedo californica. plvs have a large intern ...	1980	6244547
direct measurement of the redox potential of the primary and secondary quinone electron acceptors in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides (wild-type) by epr spectrometry.		1980	6245923
rsai: a new sequence-specific endonuclease activity from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	a new type ii sequence-specific endonuclease, rsai, has been identified from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides strain 28/5. an rsai purification scheme that yields enzyme which is free of contaminating exonuclease and phosphatase activities after a single column fractionation has been developed. the enzyme recognized the tetranucleotide sequence 5'-gtac-3' and cleaved between the t and a, thereby generating flush ends. rsai should be extremely useful in deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing experiments.	1980	6247319
effects of surface potential on the equilibrium and kinetics of redox reactions of membrane components with external reagents in chromatophores from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	the characteristics of the salt and ph dependences of the redox levels of cytochrome c2 and reaction center bacteriochlorophyll were studied in chromatophores from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. they could be explained in terms of the difference of redox potential in the membrane from that in the bulk aqueous phase due to the electrostatic potential difference arising from charges fixed on the membrane surface. the midpoint potentials (em) became lower when the surface potential (the electrostati ...	1980	6248508
regulatory properties of the adpglucose pyrophosphorylase from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and from rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa.	the adpglucose pyrophosphorylases from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa are activated by fructose-6-phosphate, pyruvate and fructose-1,6 biophosphate-p2. the effects of the activators are to increase significantly the vmax of adpglucose synthesis and to lower the s0.5 values (concentration of substrates giving 50% maximal velocity) for atp and mgcl2. the r. sphaeroides enzyme is inhibited by pi while the r. gelatinosa enzyme is inhibited by amp as well as by pi. the i ...	1980	6249230
oxidation of cytochromes c and c2 by bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers in phospholipid vesicles. 1. studies with neutral membranes.	the oxidation of cytochrome c2 by photosynthetic reaction center isolated from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and incorporated into unilamellar phosphatidylcholine vesicles was found to be kinetically similar to that observed earlier for reaction centers in low detergent solution [overfield, r.e., wraight, c.a., & devault, d. (1979) febs lett. 105, 137-142]. at low ionic strength the kinetics were biphasic. the fast phase indicated the formation of a cytochrome-reaction center complex with an appa ...	1980	6250565
[ubiquinone reduction, proton absorption and the formation of a transmembrane electric potential differential induced by a series of light bursts in the chromatophores of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides].		1980	6250645
pyridine nucleotide control and subunit structure of phosphoribulokinase from photosynthetic bacteria.	with one exception, phosphoribulokinase from the rhodospirillaceae requires reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide for maximum activity. this mode of regulation is unique to the facultatively anaerobic photoorganotrophic photosynthetic bacteria, since the phosphoribulokinase from oxygen-evolving photosynthetic species is not subject to activation by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. the enzyme was purified of fructose bisphosphatase activity from rhodopseudomonas capsulata by means o ...	1980	6251028
the role of the rieske iron-sulfur center as the electron donor to ferricytochrome c2 in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	the rieske iron-sulfur center in the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides appears to be the direct electron donor to ferricytochrome c2, reducing the cytochrome on a submillisecond timescale which is slower than the rapid phase of cytochrome oxidation (t 1/2 3-5 microseconds). the reduction of the ferricytochrome by the rieske center is inhibited by 5-n-undecyl-6-hydroxy-4,7-dioxobenzothiazole (uhdbt) but not by antimycin. the slower (102 ms) antimycin-sensitive phase of ferricy ...	1980	6251867
electron transfer reactions of high-potential iron-sulfur proteins and c-type cytochromes.	studies of electron transfer by biological oxidation-reduction proteins frequently focus on the interaction of a particular protein with nonphysiological oxidants and/or reductants. this approach, although valuable, is limited by the size and chemistry of the nonphysiological reactants. to further the understanding of biological electron transfer, we have investigated the interaction of two examples of high-potential iron-sulfur proteins (hipip's) with mitochondrial cytochrome c (horse heart) an ...	1980	6252957
effects of isotope substitution on intermolecular electron transfer in biological systems.		1980	6255260
construction of a flash-activated cyclic electron transport system by using bacterial reaction centers and the ubiquinone-cytochrome b-c1/c segment of mitochondria.	single-turnover electron transfer within the mitochondrial complex iii has been studied by combining, in solution, the isolated complex from bovine heart with detergent-solubilized reaction centers of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. initiation of electron transfer by short flash activation resulted in the prompt oxidation of cytochrome c and reduction of cytochrome b. the subsequent reduction of ferricytochrome c was observed to be concomitant with the oxidation of the ferrocytochrome b, both reac ...	1980	6256732
interaction of cytochrome c with reaction centers of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides r-26: determination of number of binding sites and dissociation constants by equilibrium dialysis.	the number of binding sites and dissociation constants of cytochrome c (horse heart) and cytochrome c2 (rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides) to reaction centers of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides r-26 was determined by equilibrium dialysis. one binding site was found for both cytochromes. the dissociation constants (10 mm tris-hcl, ph 8.0) were approximately 0.4 microm and approximately 1.0 microm for cytochrome c and cytochrome c2 respectively. oxidized and reduced forms of both cytochromes bound to reac ...	1980	6257286
the electronic structure of fe2+ in reaction centers from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. i. static magnetization measurements.	we have measured the static magnetization of unreduced and reduced reaction centers that vary in their quinone content. measurements were performed in the temperature range 0.7 degrees k less than t less than 200 degrees k and magnetic fields of up to 10 kg. the electronic g-value, crystal field parameters d, e, and the exchange interaction, j, between the quinone spin and fe2+ were determined using the spin hamiltonian formalism. the effective moment mu eff/fe2+ of both reduced and unreduced sa ...	1980	6266540
do photosynthetic bacteria contain cytochrome c1?	a method is described for characterizing, c-type cytochromes in bacterial membrane preparations according to molecular weight on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. applied to the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides this technique is used, together with spectroscopic measurements, to demonstrate that a membrane-bound cytochrome c of mol.wt. 30000 is active in photosynthetic electron transport in addition to the well-known soluble cytochrome, cytochrome c ...	1980	6260080
[pyrophosphate-dependent d-fructose-6-phosphate-phosphotransferase in rhodospirillaceae (author's transl)].	a pyrophosphate-dependent fructose-6-phosphate phosphotransferase from the photosynthetic bacterium rhodospirillum rubrum was partially purified and characterized in respect to kinetic and regulatory properties. the enzyme had a molecular weight of about 95 000 dalton and required mg2+-ions for catalysis and maintenance of activity. the phosphotransferase was specific for fructose-6-phosphate (f-6-p) and inorganic pyrophosphate (pp) as substrates of the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate-forming reaction ...	1980	6446207
short-lived delayed luminescence of photosynthesizing organisms. ii. the ratio between delayed and prompt fluorescence as studied by the modulation method.	the ratio between the intensities of delayed and prompt fluorescence was studied for different photosynthetic objects under different conditions by modulation method. the method is based on excitation of luminescing objects by light, modulated harmonically, and on a combined study of phase shifts and demodulation coefficients of the luminescence as related to excitation light. the presence of intense delayed emissions was revealed in purple bacteria, ectothiorhodospira shaposhinokovii, rhodospir ...	1980	6768385
physiology of dark fermentative growth of rhodopseudomonas capsulata.	the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas capsulata can grow under anaerobic conditions with light as the energy source or, alternatively, in darkness with d-fructose or certain other sugars as the sole source of carbon and energy. growth in the latter mode requires an "accessory oxidant" such as trimethylamine-n-oxide, and the resulting cells contain the photosynthetic pigments characteristic of r. capsulata (associated with intracytoplasmic membranes) and substantial deposits of poly-beta- ...	1980	6769916
[thiosulfate metabolism in rhodopseudomonas palustris].	the cells of the purple nonsulfur bacterium rhodopseudomonas palustris, nakamura strain, are capable of oxidizing thiosulfate and sulfide both under the anaerobic conditions in the light and under the aerobic conditions in the dark. regardless of the presence of thiosulfate in the medium, the cells contain thiosulfate reductase, rodanase, thiosulfate oxidase, and sulfite oxidase. however, the capability to oxidize thiosulfate and sulfide is induced in rh. palustris after the cells have been incu ...	1980	6771496
energy transfer and bacteriochlorophyll fluorescence in purple bacteria at low temperature.	emission spectra of bacteriochlorophyll a fluorescence and absorption spectra of various purple bacteria were measured at temperatures between 295 and 4 k. for rhodospirillum rubrum the relative yield of photochemistry was measured in the same temperature region. in agreement with earlier results, sharpening and shifts of absorption bands were observed upon cooling to 77 k. below 77 k further sharpening occurred. in all species an absorption band was observed at 751-757 nm. the position of this ...	1980	6772218
stabilization of biological photosystems : immobilization of thylakoids and chromatophores for hydrogen production and atp regeneration.	lettuce thylakoïds were immobilized by the action of glutaraldehyde at subzero temperature in the presence of albumin. foam structures with good mechanical properties were obtained. the activity yields for photosystem ii and photosystems i + ii were found equal to 71 per cent and 35 per cent respectively. the yield for atp regeneration from adp and pi was 26 per cent. increases of stability after immobilization were observed for all the functions of thylakoïds when stored and when continuously w ...	1980	6774774
differences in the architecture of cytoplasmic and intracytoplasmic membranes of three chemotrophically and phototrophically grown species of the rhodospirillaceae.	freeze-fracture faces of membranes of either chemotrophically or phototrophically grown rhodospirillum rubrum, rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, and rhodospirillum tenue were analyzed. all three species differed from each other with respect to size as well as numerical density (number per square micrometer) of intramembrane particles. in r. rubrum the number of particles on exoplasmic fracture faces of the cytoplasmic membrane stayed nearly constant (about 900 particles per microns2), but on the pla ...	1980	6776096
[thiosulfate oxidation by nonsulfur purple bacteria].	the capability to oxidize thiosulfate was studied in 11 cultures of purple bacteria belonging to rhodomicrobium vannielii, rhodopseudmonas viridis, rh. sphaeroides, rh. capsulata, and rhodospirillum rubrum. all the bacteria oxidized thiosulfate under aerobic conditions in the dark. the strains 2r, 8259, a1, a2 and d1 of rh. sphaeroides oxidized thiosulfate under anaerobic conditions in the light, and the process was coupled with carbon dioxide fixation. all the strains contained thiosulfate redu ...	1980	6777642
[development cycles of coryneform and nocardia-like bacteria].	the growth cycles and the types of cell separation were studied in a microchamber with the collection strains of brevibacterium ammoniagenes attc 6871, b. helvolum atcc 19239, b. linens ccm 47 and atcc 9174, b. maris vkm b-464 and b. stationis atcc 14403, as well as with the strains of the genus rhodococcus isolated from soils, viz. r. maris sp. nov. imb 283 and r. luteus sp. nov. imb 385. according to the increasing complexity of cellular morphological transformation in the life cycle, the orga ...	1980	6782438
isolation and characterization of the pigment-protein complexes of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides by lithium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	when purified photosynthetic membranes from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides were treated with lithium dodecyl sulfate and subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at 4 degrees c, up to 11 pigment-protein complexes were resolved. absorption spectra revealed that the smallest complex contained reaction center pigments and the others contained the antenna components b850 and b875 in various proportions. of these antenna complexes, the largest was almost entirely b850 and the smallest contained ...	1980	6965795
[effect of deuteration on the kinetics of photoinduced electron transport in the reaction centers of purple bacteria].	substitution of h2o for d2o in the preparations of reaction centres from chromatophore membranes of photosynthesizing bacteria rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, 1760-1 results in a decrease of the efficiency of direct electron transfer from photoreduced primary quinone x1- to the secondary ones and in rising possibilities for reversible reaction x1- with photooxidized bacteriochlorophyll. the value of isotope effect which does not usually exceed 1.2 depends on temperature; it is not found in the tem ...	1980	6966162
chemotactically induced increase in the membrane potential of spheroplasts of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.		1980	6966230
localization of the reaction-centre subunits in the intracytoplasmic membranes of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and rhodopseudomonas capsulata [proceedings].		1980	6966240
correlation of membrane-potential-sensing carotenoid to pigment-protein complex ii in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	the changes in carotenoid absorbance induced by illumination or by a diffusion potential were larger in chromatophores from cells cultured under low light intensity than those in chromatophores from high-light culture in a photosynthetic bacterium, rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. the carotenoid molecules which are associated with the pigment-protein complex (with the infrared bacteriochlorophyll peaks at 800 and 850 nm) (complex ii) probably respond to the electrical field changes in the chromatop ...	1980	6966511
[analysis of the linear dichroism of reaction centers oriented in polyacrylamide gel].	a model for orientation of rigid disc-shaped and rod-shaped macromolecules in polymer is analysed. analytical expressions are given for the dependence of linear dichroism value on the angle between the transition dipole vector and the axis of the macromolecules, for certain deformation of the sample. the reaction centers from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides r-26 are oriented as rod-shaped particles. the angles between the long axis of the reaction center and transition dipoles for bacteriochlorophy ...	1980	6966738
light-induced spectral changes of carotenoids in chromatophores of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.		1980	6967299
a comparison of the constituent polypeptides of the b-800--850 light-harvesting pigment-protein complex from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	the polypeptide composition of the b-800-850 light-harvesting pigment-protein complex from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides has been determined. the complex consists of equimolar amounts of two small polypeptides. the two polypeptides have very similar molecular weights and amino acid composition but are clearly separable by eithr sds polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis or isoelectric focussing.	1980	6967327
surface potential on the periplasmic side of the photosynthetic membrane of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.		1980	6967328
[effect of a magnetic field on the fluorescence yield of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides cells of the wild strain and strain r-26. relationship to temperature].	fluorescence yield of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides cells whose primary acceptor is chemically reduced depends on the magnetic field tension. the maximal value of relative magnetic effect and the field value, at which the effect amounts to a half of the maximal value for r. sphaeroides wild strain and r-26, equal 3.6 and 1.1%; 260 and 120 g correspondingly at 295 k. an effect of th magnetic field on fluorescence yield for r. sphaeroides wild strain at the medium potential 300 mv was observed. the ...	1980	6967329
kinetic and steady-state investigations of solute accumulation in bacterial membranes by continuously monitoring the radioactivity in the effluent of flow-dialysis experiments.	the flow-dialysis technique for studies of solute accumulation by membrane preparations has been made more suitable for routine measurements by recording continuously the radioactivity in the effluent of a flow-dialysis vessel with a homogeneous flow-monitoring device for beta-emitters. this modification not only decreases the time and cost of a flow-dialysis experiment but also allows the investigator to react directly on the outcome of his experiments. analysis of the kinetics of this automate ...	1980	6967404
assessment of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides chromatophore membrane asymmetry through bilateral antiserum adsorption studies.	the asymmetric structure of the rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides chromatophore membrane was examined in detail by crossed immunoelectrophoresis techniques. because these methods are quantitative and allow increased resolution and sensitivity, it was possible to analyze simultaneously the relative transmembrane distribution of a number of previously identified antigenic components. this was demonstrated by analysis of immunoglobulin samples that were adsorbed by preincubation with either isolated chr ...	1980	6967482
protein composition of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides outer membrane.	the outer membrane polypeptide profile of rhodopseudmonas sphaeroides was characterized. solubilization of the outer membrane at 75 or 100 degrees c as opposed to room temperature resulted in the dissociation of 75-, 72-, and 68-kilodalton (kdal) polypeptide aggregates into 29-, 26.5-, and 21.5-kdal polypeptides, respectively, and a shared 47-kdal subunit. similarly, an 88.5-kdal polypeptide dissociates into a 45-kdal monomeric form, and the electrophoretic mobility of a 58.5-kdal polypeptide wa ...	1980	6967483
transformation of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides with deoxyribonucleic acid isolated from bacteriophage r phi 6p.	the transformation of the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides with the circular genome of the penicillinase-encoding, temperate bacteriophage r phi 6p was demonstrated. the transformation was dependent on the infection of the recipient by another, apparently closely related, temperature bacteriophage, r phi 9. optimum transformation occurred in the recipient cells already lysogenic for r phi 9 when superinfected with that bacteriophage at multiplicities of infection between 1 a ...	1980	6967484
extracellular metal-free corrinoids from rhodopseudomonas spheroides.	rhodopseudomonas spheroides when grown on a medium deficient of cobalt excretes significant amounts of descobaltocorrinoids into the culture broth. if grown in the presence of 4 microm cocl2 only intracellular cobalt-containing corrinoids are detected. the extracellular corrinoids have been identified as hydrogenobyrinic acid c-amide and hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide which are accompanied by varying amounts of the corresponding 13-epicorrinoids. the latter, which could not be separated in th ...	1980	6967486
magnetic field affects the fluorescence yield in reaction center preparations from rhodopseudomonas spaeroides r-26.	purified photochemical reaction centers from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides r-26 were reduced with na2s2o4 so as to block their photochemical electron-transfer reaction. the magnetic field induced an increase in the emission yield. our results support the hypothesis that under these conditions, charge recombination in the singlet radical pair composed of the oxidized primary donor and reduced primary acceptor predominantly generates the excited singlet state of the reaction cnter bacteriochlorophy ...	1980	6967734
subpicosecond and picosecond studies of electron transfer intermediates in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides reaction centers.	the primary electron transfer processes in isolated reaction centers of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides have been investigated with subpicosecond and picosecond spectroscopic techniques. spectra and kinetics of the absorbance changes following excitation with 0.7-ps 610-nm pulses, absorbed predominantly by bacteriochlorophyll (bchl), indicate that the radical pair state p+bph-, in which an electron has been transferred from the bchl dimer (p) to a bacteriopheophytin (bph), is formed with a time con ...	1980	6968221
[effect of ph on photoinduced electron transport in reaction center preparations from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides].	the effect of ph on kinetics of photo-induced electron transport process was studied on reaction centre preparations extracted by ldao treatment of r. sphaeroides chromatophores (strain 1760-1). reaction centre activity was found to be optimal at ph 7--9. within this range of ph, the rate constant, kx1x2, for electron transfer from the primary feq acceptor complex (x1) to the secondary quinone acceptor x2 appeared to be invariant. on ph lowering from 7 to 5 the value of kx1x2 increases by severa ...	1980	6968399
localization of photosynthetic membrane components in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides by a radioactive labeling procedure.	reduction with [3h]kbh4 of schiff's bases generated by reaction with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (which cannot penetrate the intact cytoplasmic membrane) yields tritium-labeled derivatives of both proteins and lipids accessible on the periplasmic side of the cytoplasmic membrane. application of this technique to phototrophically grown rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides labeled both the cell envelope and chromatophore fractions. the technique was also applied to r. sphaeroides harvested at various times dur ...	1980	6970049
binding of carotenoids on reaction centers from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides r 26.	the carotenoid-less reaction centers isolated from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides (strain r 26) bind pure all-trans spheroidene as well as spheroidenone in a nearly 1 : 1 molar ratio with respect to p-870. neither beta-carotene nor spirilloxanthin, both absent from wild-type rps. sphaeroides, could be bound in appreciable amounts. resonance raman spectra of the carotenoid-reaction center complex indicate that the carotenoid is bound as a cis isomer, its conformation being very close, although prob ...	1980	6986910
evolutionary relationship between halobacterium cutirubrum and eukaryotes determined by use of aminoacyl-trna synthetases as phylogenetic probes.	the cross-species reactivities between trnas and aminoacyl-trna synthetases have been employed as a basis to estimate the relatedness of various prokaryotes to the eukaryotes. the trna of halobacterium cutirubrum, unlike that of other prokaryotes tested, including agrobacterium tumefaciens, arthrobacter luteus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus stearothermophilus, escherichia coli, micrococcus luteus, myxococcus xanthus, rhodopseudomonas spheroides, and thermus aquaticus, was found to share with yeast ...	1980	6989454
physicochemical properties of detergent-solubilized photochemical reaction centers from two strains of rhodopseudomonas spheroides.		1980	6994803
[nitrogenase and hydrogenase activities of the non-sulfur purple bacteria, rhodopseudomonas spheroides and rhodopseudomonas capsulata].	the greatest rate of acetylene reduction by rhodopseudomonas spheroides and rhodopseudomonas capsulata strains was found in the light in the presence of pyruvate, malate or lactate as well as, in the case of rh. capsulata, in the presence of 10% h2. the activity of nitrogenase was higher in cells grown in the medium with malate than in cells cultivated in the medium with lactate. all the three strains of rh. spheroides were characterized by a direct correlation between the rates of h2 photoprodu ...	1980	6995815
hydrogenase activity in rhodopseudomonas capsulata: relationship with nitrogenase activity.	hydrogenase activity was found in cells of rhodopseudomonas capsulata strain b10 cultured under a variety of growth conditions either anaerobically in the light or aerobically in the dark. the highest activities were found routinely in cells grown in the presence of h2. the hydrogenase of r. capsulata was localized in the particulate fraction of the cells. high hydrogenase activities were usually observed in cells possessing an active nitrogenase. the hydrogen produced by the nitrogenase stimula ...	1980	6998943
redox mechanisms in "oxidant-dependent" hexose fermentation by rhodopseudomonas capsulata.		1980	7000002
[fatty acids of fast-growing mycobacteria and related microorganisms].		1980	7001189
continuous monitoring, by mass spectrometry, of h2 production and recycling in rhodopseudomonas capsulata.	hydrogen evolution and consumption by cell and chromatophore suspensions of the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas capsulata was measured with a sensitive and specific mass spectrometric technique which directly monitors dissolved gases. h2 production by nitrogenase was inhibited by acetylene and restored by carbon monoxide. an h2 evolution activity coupled with hd formation and d2 uptake (h-d exchange) was unaffected by c2h2 and co. cultures lacking nitrogenase activity also exhibited h- ...	1980	7009556
structural requirements of quinone coenzymes for endogenous and dye-mediated coupled electron transport in bacterial photosynthesis.	electron transport in continuous light has been investigated in chromatophores of rhodopseudomonas capsulata. ala pho+, depleted in ubiquinone-10 and subsequently reconstituted with various ubiquinone homologs and analogs. in addition the restoration of electron transport in depleted chromatophores by the artificial redox compounds n-methylphenazonium methosulfate and n,n,n',n'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine was studied. the following pattern of activities was obtained: (1) reconstitution of cyc ...	1980	7217045
spectral and functional comparisons between the carotenoids of the two antenna complexes of rhodopseudomonas capsulata.	the spectral and functional properties of carotenoids associated with each of the two light-harvesting complexes of the rhodopseudomonas capsulata photosynthetic antenna system have been distinguished by studying mutants lacking one or the other complex. in mutants containing only the light-harvesting i complex (lh-i), the absorption spectrum of the carotenoids is blue-shifted compared to wild type. carotenoid absorption in mutants possessing only the light-harvesting ii complex (lh-ii) complex ...	1980	7236633
fluorescence emission by wild-type- and mutant-strains of rhodopseudomonas capsulata.	absorption and fluorescence emission spectra of rhodopseudomonas capsulata, strains 37b4 (wild type), a1a+ (blue-green mutant strain), y5 (phototroph negative, having only b-800--850 bacteriochlorophyll-carotenoid-protein complex) at 4 k, 77 k and 300 k were measured. the fluorescence emission at 890 nm of the b-870 bacteriochlorophyll band dominates the emission of other spectral forms of the strains 37b4 and a1a+, while in strain y5 a fluorescence emission band at 865 nm of the b-850 bacterioc ...	1980	7236634
orientation of the hemes of high potential cytochromes relative to photosynthetic membranes, as shown by the linear dichroism of oriented preparations.	the orientations of high potential cytochromes with respect to photosynthetic membranes was investigated in spinach chloroplasts and in rhodopseudomonas viridis. the general approach consists in detection with polarized light of photoinduced absorbance changes related to the oxidation of the cytochromes. the orientation of cytochrome c-558 was measured at room temperature in chromatophores and whole cells of rps. viridis, oriented on glass slides and in a magnetic field, respectively. the orient ...	1980	7236637
the role of histidine-42 in the oxidation-reduction mechanism of chromatium vinosum high potential iron-sulfur protein.	the second order rate constants for the oxidation of high potential iron-sulfur protein (hipip) of chromatium vinosum by ferricyanide were determined as a function of ionic strength and ph. from the ionic strength results, calculations were done to correct the rate constant at each ph for the electrostatic interactions between hipip and ferricyanide. the electrostatic corrections are necessary since the charge of the protein changes as a function of ph and can mask the ionization of mechanistica ...	1980	7236640
[bacteriochlorophyll a synthesis in rhodopseudomonas palustris].	by means of electron microscope it was demonstrated that photosynthetically-grown rhodopseudomonas palustris exhibits an intracytoplasmic membrane system (figure 1a), which is not observed in aerobically-dark grown bacteria (figure 1b). the content of bacteriochlorophyll alpha and the enzyme activity of succinil-coa-synthetase, ala-sinthetase and ala-dehydratase in several media grown rhodopseudomonas palustris could be measured. aerobically-dark grown cells do not synthetize bacteriochlorophyll ...	1980	7348313
[effect of light intensity on the biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophylls in rhodomicrobium vannielii and rhodopseudomonas palustris].	the activity of aminolevulinate-synthetase in crude extracts of r. vannielii was determined. its properties are very similar to those of the enzyme from r. palustris. with increasing light intensity on cultures of both microorganisms, their specific growth rates increases and the concentration of bacteriochlorophyll decreases. ala-synthetase exhibits a dual-pattern; its activity remains at a high constant level up to 4 x 10(4) erg cm-2 seg-1, decreasing at higher light intensities (figures 1 and ...	1980	7348318
the location of the carotenoid in the b800--850 light-harvesting pigment--protein complex from rhodopseudomonas capsulata.		1980	7358180
biosynthesis of carotenoids derived from neurosporene in rhodopseudomonas capsulata.	we have characterized the carotenoids accumulated by a series of mutants of rhodopseudomonas capsulata as part of a study of the synthesis, structure, and function of the photosynthetic membranes of this bacterium. the carotenoids in this study were identified by visible and mass spectroscopy, chromatography, derivatization, and chemical analyses. we have located a new genetic region, crtf, necessary for the o-methylation of the carotenoids. mutants with a lesion in crtf accumulate demethylspher ...	1980	7358679
[ratio of metals during changes in the metabolism of photosynthetic bacteria].	the content of polyvalent metals was determined in the photosynthetic bacteria rhodopseudomonas capsulata (athiorhodaceae) and chromatium vanda (thiorhodaceae) isolated from the sediments of lake vanda in the antarctic when the conditions of growth, photoheterophic and photoautotrophic, were changed. the ratio between fe and mn, cu, v, ni, co, cr was studied. the utilization of all polyvalent metals, mn and cr in particular, relatively increased in the conditions of autotrophic growth. changes i ...	1980	7393002
identification of the carotenoid present in the b-800-850 antenna complex from rhodopseudomonas capsulata as that which responds electrochromically to transmembrane electric fields.	mild proteolysis of rhodopseudomonas capsulata chromatophores results in a parallel loss of the 800 nm bacteriochlorophyll absorption band a blue shift in the carotenoid absorption bands associated with the b-800-850 light-harvesting complex. both the light-induced and the salt-induced electrochromic carotenoid band shift disappear in parallel to the loss of the 800 nm bacteriochlorphyll absorption upon pronase treatment of chromatophores. during the time required for the loss of the 800 nm bact ...	1980	7397127
generation of membrane potential during photosynthetic electron flow in chromatophores from rhodopseudomonas capsulata.	1. when cytochrome c2 is available for oxidation by the photosynthetic reaction centre, the decay of the carotenoid absorption band shift generated by a short flash excitation of rhodopseudomonas capsulata chromatophores is very slow (half-time approximately 10 s). otherwise the decay is fast (half-time approximately 1 s in the absence and 0.05 s in the presence of 1,10-ortho-phenanthroline) and coincides with the photosynthetic back reaction. 2. in each of these situations the carotenoid shift ...	1980	7397136
the induction kinetics of bacterial photophosphorylation. threshold effects by the phosphate potential and correlation with the amplitude of the carotenoid absorption band shift.	1. atp synthesis (monitored by luciferin-luciferase) can be elicited by a single turnover flash of saturating intensity in chromatophores from rhodopseudomonas capsulata, kb1. the atp yield from the first to the fourth turnover is strongly influenced by the phosphate potential: at high phosphate potential (-11.5 kcal/mol) no atp is formed in the first three turnovers while at lower phosphate potential (-8.2 kcal/mol) and the yield in the first flash is already one half of the maximum, which is r ...	1980	7397138
the localization of the light-harvesting complexes in the intracytoplasmic membranes of rhodopseudomonas capsulata [proceedings].		1980	7399074
repeated structure and possible gene duplications in high potential iron protein and rubredoxin.	the three-dimensional structures of bacterial high potential iron protein (hipip) and rubredoxin have been searched for repeats to test whether these molecules evolved by independent tandem gene duplications. hipip has no structural repeats in spite of the observed repeated pattern in the amino acid sequence from rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa. rubredoxin from clostridium pasteurianum has repeated hairpin loops of ten alpha-carbon atoms on both sides of the active centre iron-sulphur complex, which ...	1980	7411653
kinetics of oxidation and reduction of high-potential iron-sulfur proteins with nonphysiological reactants.	we have investigated the kinetic and equilibrium oxidation-reduction properties of hipip's from four sources: chromatium vinosum, thiocapsa pfennigii, rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa, and a paracoccus sp. these studies focused on the interaction of the various hipip's and the iron hexacyanides as a function of ionic strength, ph, and temperature. on the basis of the kinetic and equilibrium data obtained and the known structrual properties of the various hipip's a number of conclusions concerning the ...	1980	7426625
further studies on the composition and spectral properties of the photochemical reaction centers of bacteriochlorophyll b-containing bacteria.		1980	7426647
porphyrin biosynthesis in rhodopseudomonas palustria-ii. evidence on the existence of a factor regulating aminolevulinate synthetase activity.		1980	7450126
isolation and characterization of the polypeptide components from light-harvesting pigment-protein complex b800--850 of rhodopseudomonas capsulata.	the light-harvesting bacteriochlorophyll-carotenoid-protein complex b800--850 has been isolated from membranes of the phototroph-negative mutant strain y5 of rhodopseudomonas capsulata. the three polypeptides of the complex have been found to be soluble in chloroform-methanol (1:1, v/v) in the presence of 0.1 m ammonium acetate. they were extracted from the complex and separated by gel filtration on sephadex lh-60 in the same solvent mixture. minimum molecular weights based on amino acid composi ...	1980	7460908
citrate lyase deacetylase of rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa. isolation of the enzyme and studies on the inhibition by l-glutamate.	citrate lyase deacetylase or acetyl-s-(acyl-carrier protein) enzyme thioester hydrolase (acetate) (ec 3.1.2-), was purified 3100-fold with a yield of 3.8% from cell extracts of rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa. the final enzyme preparation gave a single protein band upon polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in the absence or in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate. the molecular weight of the native enzyme was estimated by gel filtration to be 14 300 +/- 1000. sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel ...	1980	7460909
the differentiation of the photosynthetic apparatus and the intracytoplasmic membrane in cells of rhodopseudomonas capsulata upon variation of light intensity.	in cells of rhodopseudomonas capsulata, grown at growth limiting light intensity (7 w x m-2), the cellular bacteriochlorophyll (bchl) content increased 13-fold, the bchl concentration of membranes 3.4 fold, the concentration of reaction centers in membranes 1.6-fold, the size of the photosynthetic unit twofold, the concentration of carotenoids in membranes 2.4 fold and the number of intracytoplasmic membrane vesicles, bearing the photosynthetic apparatus, 6..3 fold in comparison with cells grown ...	1980	7460955
linear and circular dichroism of membranes from rhodopseudomonas capsulata.	absorption, linear dichroism and circular dichroism spectra of rhodopseudomonas capsulata (wild-type-st. louis strain, mutant y5 and mutant ala+) are particularly sensitive to the nature of the light-harvesting bacteriochlorophyll-carotenoid-protein complexes. evidence for exciton-type interactions is seen near 855 nm in the membranes from the wild-type and from mutant y5, as well as in an isolated b-800 + 850 light-harvesting complex from mutant y5. the strong circular dichroism that reflects t ...	1981	7236676
modification by immobilization of the microenvironment of chromatophores of rhodopseudomonas capsulata. the influence on light-induced adp phosphorylation coupled to cyclic electron transport.	rhodopseudomonas capsulata chromatophores were immobilized with a co-crosslinking method. immobilization was used as a tool for a defined modification of the chromatophore environment to study atp production over a long period of time. the light-induced phosphorylation of adp as a function of time was studied with chromatophores under different conditions: (a) native chromatophores with and without the hexokinase atp-trapping system; (b) immobilized chromatophores without hexokinase, with the en ...	1981	7250130
inhibitor sensitivity of light-dependent oxygen reduction in chromatophores from wild-type and an oxidase-deficient mutant of rhodopseudomonas capsulata.		1981	7283441
photosynthetic control and estimation of the optimal atp: electron stoichiometry during flash activation of chromatophores from rhodopseudomonas capsulata.	(1) when chromatophores from rhodopseudomonas capsulata ala pho+ are exposed to a train of high-frequency, saturating flashes the kinetics of the reaction centre bacteriochlorophyll absorption change enter a pseudo steady-state in which the extent of oxidation during the flashes is equal to the extent of reduction in between the flashes. the level of the pseudo steady-state is lowered by the presence of a phosphate acceptor system, raised by further addition of oligomycin, lowered by a combinati ...	1981	7284340
the effect of temperature and transmembrane potentials on the rates of electron transfer between membrane-bound biological redox components.	we have investigated rate data for the temperature and free energy dependence of the primary electron-transfer processes in bacterial photosynthesis. rather than representing the whole electronic-nuclear coupling by a frequently applied discrete single-mode model, we have incorporated a continuum of modes characterized by a certain distribution function. in this way, we can illuminate the role of both a broad distribution of low-frequency modes representing the medium and a narrow distribution r ...	1981	7284345
biosynthetic and bioenergetic functions of citric acid cycle reactions in rhodopseudomonas capsulata.	rhodopseudomonas capsulata can grow in a number of alternative modes, including (i) photosynthetic, defined here as anaerobic growth with light as the energy source, and (ii) heterotrophic, referring to aerobic heterotrophic growth in darkness. the functions of citric acid cycle sequences in these growth modes were investigated using wild-type and appropriate mutant strains. results of growth tests and o(2) utilization experiments showed that in the heterotrophic mode, energy conversion is depen ...	1981	7298578
nucleotide exchange in membrane vesicles from the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas capsulata.		1981	7305378
radioprotective and haemopoietic effects of some lipopolysaccharides from rhodospirillaceae species in mice.	lipopolysaccharides (lps) from various rhodopseudomonas and rhodospirillum species were tested for their radioprotective efficiency against x-irradiation and for their influence on the growth of spleen colony forming units (cfu-s) in mice. the lps from rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa dr2 gave a high survival rate. it also favoured cfu-s formation and erythroid differentiation.	1981	7327249
the measurement of membrane potential during photosynthesis and during respiration in intact cells of rhodopseudomonas capsulata by both electrochromism and by permeant ion redistribution.	1. the membrane potential in intact cells of rhodopseudomonas capsulata during photosynthesis and during dark respiration has been measured by two independent methods. 2. the light-induced and o2-induced shifts in the carotenoid absorption spectrum were measured in the intact cells. the shift was calibrated with k+-diffusion potentials in chromatophores derived from those cells. the light-induced and o2-induced membrane potentials were -290 mv and -230 mv respectively. 3. the energized uptake of ...	1981	7340838