Publications

rickettsial agents in egyptian ticks collected from domestic animals.	to assess the presence of rickettsial pathogens in ticks from egypt, we collected ticks from domestic and peridomestic animals between june 2002 and july 2003. dna extracts from 1019 ticks were tested, using pcr and sequencing, for anaplasma spp., bartonella spp., coxiella burnetii, ehrlichia spp., and rickettsia spp. ticks included: 29 argas persicus, 10 hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, 55 hyalomma anatolicum excavatum, 174 hyalomma dromedarii, 2 hyalomma impeltatum, 3 hyalomma marginatum rufipe ...	2006	17004028
comparative gene expression by wc1+ gammadelta and cd4+ alphabeta t lymphocytes, which respond to anaplasma marginale, demonstrates higher expression of chemokines and other myeloid cell-associated genes by wc1+ gammadelta t cells.	the functions of gammadelta t cells are enigmatic, and these cells are often considered as evolutionary remnants of well-characterized alphabeta t cells. however, their conservation throughout evolution suggests that gammadelta t cells are biologically unique. in ruminants, gammadelta t cells expressing the workshop cluster 1 (wc1) scavenger receptor comprise a large proportion of circulating lymphocytes, suggesting these cells are biologically relevant and functionally different from alphabeta ...	2006	17005908
a canadian bison isolate of anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) is not transmissible by dermacentor andersoni (acari: ixodidae), whereas ticks from two canadian d. andersoni populations are competent vectors of a u.s. strain.	anaplasma marginale theiler is a tick-borne rickettsial pathogen of cattle with a global distribution in both temperate and tropical regions. the pathogen is endemic in regions within the united states, whereas the canadian cattle population is considered to be free ofa. marginale. farmed bison, bison bison l., in central saskatchewan have been found to be infected with a. marginale; however, there is no evidence of transmission from bison to cattle. we tested a saskatchewan bison isolate of a. ...	2006	17017236
efficacy of enrofloxacin against severe experimental anaplasma marginale infections in splenectomized calves.	four anaplasma marginale-infected splenectomized calves with greater than 25% parasitized erythrocytes received enrofloxacin at 12.5 mg/kg sc twice, 48 hours apart. two infected splenectomized calves were designated as untreated controls. a precipitous decline in percent parasitized erythrocytes from 39.13% to less than 1% was observed over 12 days following treatment. however, a self-limiting recrudescence of a. marginale parasites was observed within 30 days after treatment. untreated control ...	2006	17039454
louse-borne bacterial pathogens in lice (phthiraptera) of rodents and cattle from egypt.	we collected 1,023 lice, representing 5 species, from rats and domestic cattle throughout 13 governorates in egypt and tested these lice for anaplasma marginale, bartonella spp., brucella spp., borrelia recurrentis, coxiella burnetii, francisella tularensis, and rickettsia spp. by pcr amplification and sequencing. five different louse-borne bacterial agents were detected in lice from rodents or cattle, including "bartonella rattimassiliensis", "b. phoceensis", and bartonella sp. near bartonella ...	2006	16729688
immunogenicity of mycobacterium bovis bcg expressing anaplasma marginale msp1a antigen.	humoral and cellular immune responses of mice inoculated with recombinant mycobacterium bovis bcg expressing the msp1a antigen of anaplasma marginale were evaluated. the msp1a gene was amplified by pcr and cloned into the mycobacterial expression vectors pus2000 and pmip12. immunization of isogenic balb/c mice with the rbcg/pus2000-msp1a construct induced significant seroconversion to msp1a (p<0.001), which was 26 times above pre-immunization levels at day 63 post-initial immunization and which ...	2006	16781025
analysis of the anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1 complex protein composition by tandem mass spectrometry.	the protective major surface protein 1 (msp1) complex of anaplasma marginale is a heteromer of msp1a and msp1b, encoded by a multigene family. the msp1beta sequences were highly conserved throughout infection. however, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified only a single msp1b protein, msp1b1, within the msp1 complex.	2006	16788207
co-infection of white-tailed deer with multiple strains of ehrlichia chaffeensis.	we investigated the effect of exposing deer to multiple strains of ehrlichia chaffeensis that differed in number of tandem repeats in either the variable-length pcr target (vlpt) gene or 120 kda antigen gene. we hypothesized that infection with one strain would provide immunity to infection with other strains of e. chaffeensis. all deer initially exposed to strain a (604-2) became pcr and culture positive by 10 days post-infection (dpi). three deer infected with strain a and subsequently inocula ...	2006	16796511
effect of agro-ecological zone and grazing system on incidence of east coast fever in calves in mbale and sironko districts of eastern uganda.	between may 2002 and february 2003 a longitudinal survey was carried out in mbale and sironko districts of eastern uganda to determine the influence of agro-ecological zones (aez) and grazing systems on tick infestation patterns and incidence of east coast fever (ecf) in bovine calves. the study area was stratified into aez (lowland, midland and upland) and grazing systems {zero grazing (zg), restricted-outdoor grazing (rog) and communal grazing (cg)}, whose strata had previously been shown to i ...	2006	16797092
bmcystatin, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor characterized from the tick boophilus microplus.	the bovine tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is a blood-sucking animal, which is responsible for babesia spp and anaplasma marginale transmission for cattle. from a b. microplus fat body cdna library, 465 selected clones were sequenced randomly and resulted in 60 contigs. an open reading frame (orf) contains 98 amino acids named bmcystatin, due to 70% amino acid identity to a classical type 1 cystatin from ixodes scapularis tick (genbank accession no. ). the bmcystatin amino acid sequence ...	2006	16806070
reduction of tick infections with anaplasma marginale and a. phagocytophilum by targeting the tick protective antigen subolesin.	subolesin was recently shown by both gene silencing and immunization with the recombinant protein to protect against tick infestations, and to cause reduced tick survival and degeneration of gut and salivary gland tissues. in this research, we extended these studies by testing whether targeting subolesin by rnai or vaccination interfered with the ability of ticks to become infected with two tick-borne pathogens, anaplasma marginale which causes bovine anaplasmosis and anaplasma phagocytophilum, ...	2006	16816958
identification of a haemomycoplasma species in anemic reindeer (rangifer tarandus).	during an 18-mo period (may 2002-november 2003), 10 animals in a herd of 19 reindeer (rangifer tarandus) at the national animal disease center (nadc) experienced episodes of anemia. affected animals had histories of weight loss, unthriftiness, occasionally edema of dependent parts and moderate anemia characterized by microcytosis or macrocytosis, hypochromasia, schistocytosis, keratocytosis, acanthocytosis, and dacryocytosis. numerous basophilic punctate to ring-shaped bodies, measuring less tha ...	2006	16870847
genetic characterization of anaplasma ovis strains from bighorn sheep in montana.	wildlife reservoir species and genetic diversity of anaplasma ovis (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) have been poorly characterized. bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis), captured in montana from december 2004 to january 2005, were tested for antibodies to anaplasma spp.; the presence of a. ovis was determined by the characterization of major surface protein msp4 sequences. anaplasma antibodies were detected in 25/180 (14%) sampled bighorn sheep and a. ovis msp4 sequences were amplified by polymerase ...	2006	16870861
prevalence of antibodies to serotypes of bluetongue virus and anaplasma marginale in montana feeder cattle: 2002-2003.	in a serologic survey of montana-source weaned calves and yearling cattle, the apparent prevalence of antibodies to bluetongue virus was 0.68% and 1.26% in 2002 and 2003, respectively, and to anaplasma marginale at a positive cutoff at 30% inhibition it was 1.82% and 1.35% in 2002 and 2003, and at a positive cutoff at 42% inhibition it was 0.76% and 0.55% in 2002 and 2003, respectively, suggesting that the risk of importing infected animals was very low.	2006	16898114
quantitation of anaplasma marginale major surface protein (msp)1a and msp2 epitope-specific cd4+ t lymphocytes using bovine drb31101 and drb31201 tetramers.	antigen-specific cd4+ t cells play a critical role in protective immunity to many infectious pathogens. although the antigen-specific cd4+ t cells can be measured by functional assays such as proliferation or cytokine enzyme-linked immunospot, such assays are limited to a specific function and cannot quantify anergic or suppressed t cells. in contrast, major histocompatiblity complex (mhc) class ii tetramers can enumerate epitope-specific cd4+ t cells independent of function. in this paper, we r ...	2006	16924490
comparison of the efficacy of enrofloxacin, imidocarb, and oxytetracycline for clearance of persistent anaplasma marginale infections in cattle.	this study compared enrofloxacin and imidocarb dipropionate treatments with an oxytetracycline regimen proposed by the world organization for animal health for elimination of persistent anaplasma marginale infections in cattle. the effect of therapy on competitive elisa and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) reactivity was also assessed. twelve a. marginale-infected carrier calves were randomly assigned to groups receiving either enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg iv q24h for 5 days), imidocarb (5 mg/kg im twic ...	2006	17216590
in vitro cultivation of a south african isolate of an anaplasma sp. in tick cell cultures.	this paper describes the first successful in vitro cultivation of a south african isolate of an anaplasma sp., initially thought to be anaplasma marginale, in the continuous tick cell line ide8. blood from a bovine naturally infected with a. marginale kept on the farm kaalplaas (28 degrees 08' e, 25 degrees 38' s) was collected, frozen, thawed and used as inoculum on confluent ide8 cell cultures. twenty days after culture initiation small intracellular colonies were detected in a cytospin smear ...	2006	17283724
insights into mechanisms of bacterial antigenic variation derived from the complete genome sequence of anaplasma marginale.	persistence of anaplasma spp. in the animal reservoir host is required for efficient tick-borne transmission of these pathogens to animals and humans. using a. marginale infection of its natural reservoir host as a model, persistent infection has been shown to reflect sequential cycles in which antigenic variants emerge, replicate, and are controlled by the immune system. variation in the immunodominant outer-membrane protein msp2 is generated by a process of gene conversion, in which unique hyp ...	2006	17114676
anaplasmosis: focusing on host-vector-pathogen interactions for vaccine development.	anaplasma marginale and a. phagocytophylum are intracellular rickettsiae that cause bovine anaplasmosis and human granulocytic anaplasmosis, respectively. the ultimate vaccine for the control of anaplasmosis would be one that reduces infection and transmission of the pathogen by ticks. effective vaccines for control of anaplasmosis are not available despite attempts using different approaches, such as attenuated strains, infected erythrocyte and tick cell-derived purified antigens, and recombina ...	2006	17114750
new findings on members of the family anaplasmataceae of veterinary importance.	members of the family anaplasmataceae are obligate intracellular gram-negative bacteria that naturally infect a variety of wild and domestic animal species, the spillover of which may lead to zoonosis. i discuss new findings on members of the family anaplasmataceae of veterinary importance and therefore, i will describe the recent findings on neorickettsia risticii in the trematode and related neorickettsia species. i also will review the recent progress on aegyptianella pullorum and other aegyp ...	2006	17114752
an epidemiological study on anaplasma infection in cattle, sheep, and goats in mashhad suburb, khorasan province, iran.	the prevalence of anaplasma infection was studied in cattle, sheep, and goats in the mashhad area from 1999 to 2002. a total of 160 cattle from 32 farms and 391 sheep and 385 goats from 77 flocks were clinically examined for the presence of anaplasma spp. in blood smears. the study revealed that 19.37% of cattle were infected with anaplasma marginale and 80.3% of sheep and 38.92% of goats were infected with anaplasma ovis. prevalence of anaplasma infection between male and female and between dif ...	2006	17114758
development of an immunosensor for the diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis.	an optical immunosensor based in major surface protein 5 (msp5) of anaplasma marginale was developed towards detection of anti-anaplasma sp. antibodies in acute infection as well as in vaccinated cattle. this study was performed using recombinant msp5 covalently immobilised in controlled pore glass (cpg) beads to detect anti-msp5 antibodies in serum samples. the quantification is based on the measurement of the cy5 fluorescence of the detection antibody, anti bovine igg, after reaction with seru ...	2006	17135541
the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for trypanosoma vivax antibodies and its use in epidemiological surveys.	there are data indicating that the distribution of trypanosoma vivax in the brazilian territory is expanding with potential to reach other areas, where the vectors are present. the detection of anti-trypanosomal antibodies in serum provides important information of the trypanosomal status in cattle herds. for this reason, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (tv-elisa-ab) with crude antigen from one brazilian isolate of t. vivax was developed and evaluated. the sensitivity and specificity were r ...	2006	17160291
nutrition and head start.		2006	1458961
an enhanced-response system for performing chemiluminescent and bioluminescent tests.		2006	1366493
supporting collaboration through a nursing informatics curriculum stage ii.	collaboration is at the center of the process used to design, implement and evaluate an integrated informatics curriculum in a baccalaureate nursing program. this paper describes the second stage of a process to design the informatics nursing courses. the challenges to foster faculty collaborative relationships as well as to enhance the course content of all nursing informatics curriculum. a number of strategies were used to develop the collaborative efforts between the faculty and nursing staff ...	2006	1482910
thymocytopoiesis is maintained by blood-borne precursors throughout postnatal life. a study in parabiotic mice.	this study was designed to resolve the long standing controversy as to whether hematogenous precursors or resident intrathymic precursors maintain thymocytopoiesis in postnatal life. the kinetics of thymic chimerism was examined over a 21-wk period in 105 pairs of nonirradiated, thy-1-alloantigen-disparate, parabiotic b10.s mice. thymic chimerism reached reached maximum levels of 25% in the thy-1b and 16% in the thy-1a partners (mean 20.5% and 9.8%, respectively) 6 to 7 wk after parabiotic union ...	2006	1347301
clinical supervision: key to effective social work.		2006	1482436
acute myocardial infarction after blunt chest trauma in young people: need for prompt intervention.	we describe four cases of acute myocardial infarction in young patients, secondary to blunt chest trauma. one case was treated with intracoronary thrombolysis and angioplasty, two cases received systemic thrombolysis, and the last one did not have any reperfusion therapy. the coronary angiograms of the left anterior descending artery showed thrombosis in two cases, coronary dissection in one case, and no morphological lesions in the other. we encourage the early performance of angiographic studi ...	2006	1764738
network of signal transduction pathways involving lipids: protein kinase c-dependent and -independent pathways.		2006	1636498
"raynaud's disease" in migraineurs: one entity or two?	two cases are reported of patients who were diagnosed as having both migraine and raynaud's disease. because they were able to achieve effective control of both headaches and extremity temperature after undergoing a comprehensive approach--utilizing medication, biofeedback, and psychotherapy--it is suggested that both conditions are manifestations of the same disorder. it is recommended that a first step in approaching concurrent diagnoses of this type involve combined treatment as is often used ...	2006	1446993
determination of ring- and n-substituted amphetamines as heptafluorobutyryl derivatives.	an improved derivatization method for analysing 12 ring- and n-substituted amphetamine-derivatives in body fluids or seized materials by gas chromatograph combined either with mass spectrometer, electron capture or nitrogen phosphorus detector is presented. heptafluorobutyric anhydride is used as derivatization reagent. no heating or standing period is needed in this procedure. most of the drugs considered were distinguishable from each other according to their retention times and all of them ac ...	2006	1855720
determination of ring- and n-substituted amphetamines as heptafluorobutyryl derivatives.	an improved derivatization method for analysing 12 ring- and n-substituted amphetamine-derivatives in body fluids or seized materials by gas chromatograph combined either with mass spectrometer, electron capture or nitrogen phosphorus detector is presented. heptafluorobutyric anhydride is used as derivatization reagent. no heating or standing period is needed in this procedure. most of the drugs considered were distinguishable from each other according to their retention times and all of them ac ...	2006	1855720
in situ activation of syngeneic tumour-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes: intra-pinna immunization followed by restimulation in the peritoneal cavity.	tumour-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) are usually obtained after immunization in vivo and restimulation of immune cells in vitro. we here describe the generation of syngeneic tumour-specific ctl within no more than 9 days by priming and restimulation in vivo. this is achieved only if the correct sites are used both for primary immunization (ear pinna) and for restimulation (peritoneal cavity). the kinetics of immune t cell induction and of the secondary response in vivo will be reported. ...	2006	1868488
in situ activation of syngeneic tumour-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes: intra-pinna immunization followed by restimulation in the peritoneal cavity.	tumour-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) are usually obtained after immunization in vivo and restimulation of immune cells in vitro. we here describe the generation of syngeneic tumour-specific ctl within no more than 9 days by priming and restimulation in vivo. this is achieved only if the correct sites are used both for primary immunization (ear pinna) and for restimulation (peritoneal cavity). the kinetics of immune t cell induction and of the secondary response in vivo will be reported. ...	2006	1868488
efficacy and tolerability comparison of etodolac and piroxicam in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.	the efficacy and tolerability of etodolac and piroxicam were compared in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. two hundred and twenty patients entered a double-blind, parallel group trial and were randomly assigned to receive 300 mg etodolac twice daily (n = 112) or 20 mg piroxicam once daily (n = 108) for 8 weeks. the etodolac group showed significant improvement (p less than 0.05) from baseline in all efficacy assessments at all evaluations. the piroxicam group showed improvement from base ...	2006	1828415
efficacy and tolerability comparison of etodolac and piroxicam in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.	the efficacy and tolerability of etodolac and piroxicam were compared in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. two hundred and twenty patients entered a double-blind, parallel group trial and were randomly assigned to receive 300 mg etodolac twice daily (n = 112) or 20 mg piroxicam once daily (n = 108) for 8 weeks. the etodolac group showed significant improvement (p less than 0.05) from baseline in all efficacy assessments at all evaluations. the piroxicam group showed improvement from base ...	2006	1828415
[why do physicians and patients ever more often resort to practitioners of alternative medicine: the healer and the quack?].		2006	1563606
computer-assisted diagnosis and teaching of disorders of electrolyte, acid-base, and water metabolism.	application of the tools of graphics, animation, sound and hypertext integrated with expert knowledge may help overcome the difficulties in teaching electrolyte and acid-base metabolism and its disorders. using the macintosh computer and the application, hypercard we have developed two related programs with the following characteristics. each contains graphic maps, consisting of a nomogram for plasma ph, pco2 and hco3 with zones representing physiological adaptation for each acid-base disorder ( ...	2006	1483003
[long-term outcome of a hospital series of patients with atrio-ventricular accessory pathway].	ninety five patients with a mean age of 39 +/- 19 years, 82 of whom were symptomatic, having an accessory atrioventricular bidirectional conduction pathway (wpw syndrome: 77; "concealed": 18) were followed up for an average of 7.3 +/- 2.6 years. the objectives were to analyse: the incidence and causes of death and the possible predictive factors of death due to the wpw syndrome--the influence of medical treatment and type of medication on survival and symptoms. of the 8 cardiac deaths, 6 seemed ...	2006	1363771
[sudden death syndrome in infants in their first year of life; biological maturity and borderline conditions].		2007	2075054
community health nursing and the aids pandemic: case report of one community's response.	the world health organization (who) currently projects that there may be a cumulative total of 30 million cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) worldwide by the year 2000 ("who predicts," 1991). community health nurses (chns), particularly those employed by local and state health departments, have a major role to play in the worldwide public health effort being mounted in response to the aids pandemic. chn roles may include: direct caregiver, advocate, case manager, health educator ...	2007	1885961
experimental transmission of anaplasma marginale by male dermacentor reticulatus.	bovine anaplasmosis has been reported in several european countries, but the vector competency of tick species for anaplasma marginale from these localities has not been determined. because of the wide distributional range of dermacentor reticulatus within europe and the major role of dermacentor spp. as a vector of a. marginale in the united states, we tested the vector competency of d. reticulatus for a. marginale.	2007	18053123
[transcription of genes of membrane proteins of brazilians isolates of anaplasma marginale].	this work shows the transcription profile of membrane protein genes in three brazilian isolates of anaplasma marginale (rio grande do norte, pernambuco-zona da mata, and pernambuco-sertão). rna was purified from cattle blood experimentally-infected with the three isolates of a. marginale. after reverse transcription, genes omp1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14; opag1-3; virb3, 9, and 10; am097, 197, 254, 854, and 956 were amplified by pcr, with specific primers. transcripts were dete ...	2007	18078602
[natural infection by hemoparasites in calves submitted to chemoprophylaxis at 30 days of age].	the tick-borne disease (tbd) brings great damages to cattle breeding. the most important etiologic agents are babesia bigemina, b. bovis and anaplasma marginale, being the tick boophilus microplus the main vector. this work reports the occurrence of natural infection by hemoparasites of tbd in 36 calves with high ticks natural infestation submitted to chemoprophylaxis with 30 days year-old. the blood smears from animals of different ages were analized and were found b. bigemina (33.3%), b. bovis ...	2007	18078605
detection and quantification of anaplasma marginale dna in blood samples of cattle by real-time pcr.	a taqman-based real-time pcr assay was developed for the diagnosis of anaplasma marginale infection of cattle. the established assay was proven to be highly specific, since no cross-reactions were observed with other anaplasma species of ruminants, including the closely related anaplasma centrale, or other haemoparasites of ruminants (anaplasma bovis, anaplasma ovis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, theileria annulata and theileria buffeli). the detection limit was equ ...	2007	17466470
diversifying selection and host adaptation in two endosymbiont genomes.	the endosymbiont wolbachia pipientis infects a broad range of arthropod and filarial nematode hosts. these diverse associations form an attractive model for understanding host:symbiont coevolution. wolbachia's ubiquity and ability to dramatically alter host reproductive biology also form the foundation of research strategies aimed at controlling insect pests and vector-borne disease. the wolbachia strains that infect nematodes are phylogenetically distinct, strictly vertically transmitted, and r ...	2007	17470297
molecular detection of ehrlichia ruminantium infection in amblyomma variegatum ticks in the gambia.	in west africa, losses due to heartwater disease are not known because the incidence/prevalence has not been well studied or documented. to develop a diagnostic tool for molecular epidemiology, three pcr-based diagnostic assays, a nested pcs20 pcr, a nested map1 pcr and a nested reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization assay, were evaluated to determine their ability to detect infection in vector ticks, by applying them simultaneously to a. variegatum field ticks to detect ehrlichia ruminantium, th ...	2007	17476576
conservation of transmission phenotype of anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) strains among dermacentor and rhipicephalus ticks (acari: ixodidae).	before the eradication of boophilus ticks from the united states, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) and rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus (say) were important biological vectors of the cattle pathogen anaplasma marginale theiler. in the absence of boophilus ticks, a. marginale continues to be transmitted by dermacentor ticks. however, a few u.s. strains are not transmissible by dermacentor andersoni stiles, dermacentor variabilis (say), or both, raising the question of how these ...	2007	17547235
gene conversion is a convergent strategy for pathogen antigenic variation.	recent studies on three unrelated vector-borne pathogens, anaplasma marginale, borrelia hermsii and trypanosoma brucei, illustrate the central importance of gene conversion as a mechanism for antigenic variation, which results in subsequent evasion of the immune response and persistence in the reservoir host. the combination of genome sequence data and in vivo studies tracking variant emergence not only provides insight into the genetic mechanisms for variant generation and hierarchy in variant ...	2007	17662656
comparison of the complement fixation test and competitive elisa for serodiagnosis of anaplasma marginale infection in experimentally infected steers.	to compare sensitivity of a complement fixation (cf) test and competitive elisa (celisa) for detection of anaplasma marginale in experimentally infected steers.	2007	17669027
anaplasmosis in cattle in italy.	bovine anaplasmosis caused by anaplasma marginale is a disease transmitted by ticks belonging to the ixodidae family. southern italy is considered an endemic zone but environmental and social factors are changing the epidemiology of the disease to expand to previously anaplasmosis-free regions. the available data of published reports of anaplasmosis in italy together with the data obtained by the national centre of reference for anaplasma, babesia, rickettsia and theileria (c.r.a.ba.r.t.), allow ...	2007	17682850
targeting the tick/pathogen interface for developing new anaplasmosis vaccine strategies.	bovine anaplasmosis is a tick-borne hemolytic disease of cattle that occurs worldwide caused by the intraerythrocytic rickettsiae anaplasma marginale. control measures, including use of acaricides, administration of antibiotics and vaccines, have varied with geographic location. our research is focused on the tick-pathogen interface for development of new vaccine strategies with the goal of reducing anaplasmosis, tick infestations and the vectorial capacity of ticks. toward this approach, we hav ...	2007	17682853
maintenance of antibody to pathogen epitopes generated by segmental gene conversion is highly dynamic during long-term persistent infection.	multiple bacterial and protozoal pathogens utilize gene conversion to generate rapid intrahost antigenic variation. both large- and small-genome pathogens expand the size of the variant pool via a combinatorial process in which oligonucleotide segments from distinct donor loci are recombined in various combinations into expression sites. although the potential combinatorial diversity generated by this segmental gene conversion mechanism is quite large, the functional variant pool depends on whet ...	2007	17785476
influence of dipping practices on the seroprevalence of babesiosis and anaplasmosis in the foot-and-mouth disease buffer zone adjoining the kruger national park in south africa.	a serological survey of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis was conducted in the foot-and-mouth disease buffer zone surrounding the kruger national park in south africa between 2001 and 2003 to determine whether the withdrawal of government-subsidized dipping in certain regions had affected the seroprevalence of these tick-borne diseases. seroprevalence of anaplasma marginale and babesia bovis increased during the study period. this increase was greater in limpopo province where farmers had to su ...	2007	17883196
experimental transmission of bovine anaplasmosis (caused by anaplasma marginale) by means of dermacentor variabilis and d. andersoni (ixodidae) collected in western canada.	canadian cattle are free of bovine anaplasmosis, with the exception of 4 isolated incursions since 1968, which were eradicated. it is not known why the disease has not become established in regions of canada adjacent to the united states where it is endemic. to assess the vector competence of wild-caught ticks in cattle-rearing regions, dermacentor variabilis and d. andersoni were collected in western canada and fed on calves experimentally infected with anaplasma marginale (st. maries strain). ...	2007	17955901
functional genomic studies of tick cells in response to infection with the cattle pathogen, anaplasma marginale.	the coevolution of ticks and the pathogens that they transmit has ensured their mutual survival. in these studies, we used a functional genomics approach to characterize tick genes regulated in response to anaplasma marginale infection. differentially regulated genes/proteins were identified by suppression-subtractive hybridization and differential in-gel electrophoresis analyses of cultured ide8 tick cells infected with a. marginale. nine of 17 of these genes were confirmed by real-time rt-pcr ...	2007	17964755
regulation of alcohol consumption by the renin-angiotensin system: a review of recent findings and a possible mechanism of action.	the renin-angiotensin system has traditionally been associated with the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance. in this review we summarize the data which ascribes a completely new function to this system, i.e., the regulation of alcohol consumption. in addition, we suggest a possible mechanism for this effect based on the concept of a satiety or stop process. the approach taken was to examine the effect on alcohol intake of a wide variety of drug, genetic, dietary, surgical and neurosurgic ...	2007	1852316
rolling chair sign.		2007	2241609
significance of the p210 versus p190 molecular abnormalities in adults with philadelphia chromosome-positive acute leukemia.	we investigated the significance of p210 and p190 molecular abnormalities in 32 adults with philadelphia chromosome (ph)-positive acute leukemia. p210 was detected in 15 patients (47%), p190 in 16 (50%), and both in one (3%). p210 was noted in 11 of 24 patients (46%) with acute lymphocytic leukemia, and in four of eight patients (50%) with acute myelogenous or undifferentiated leukemia. among 29 patients with untreated disease (p210, 14 patients; p190, 15 patients), no significant differences in ...	2007	1932753
[cardiac rhythm in healthy newborn infants and in infants from the risk group in the early neonatal period].	studies of heart rhythm parameters, carried out in 88 healthy newborns and in 117 risk-group babies over the course of the early neonatal period (starting from the second minute and up to the seventh day of life) helped derive the normal values of heart rhythm and determine the time characteristics of regulation mechanism establishment in the early postnatal ontogenesis: from sympathetic tonus and centralization of heart rhythm control in the first hours of life to augmenting parasympathetic ton ...	2007	1951972
[pregnancy after transfer of the gametes into the fallopian tubes].	three patients with idiopathic sterility were treated by transferring the gametes into uterine tubes. clomiphene+ citrate stimulation of superovulation was employed. preovulatory oocytes were obtained via the laparoscopic approach. two oocytes with capacitated spermatozoa were placed into the tube of patient 1, four cells into one tube of the second patient, and two cells into each tube of the third patient. pregnancy started in two cases, uterine in one, eventuating in 12-13 weeks in spontaneou ...	2007	1951975
parkinson's disease as community health problem: study in norwegian nursing homes. the norwegian study group of parkinson's disease in the elderly.	to examine the extent of under-diagnosis and overdiagnosis of parkinson's disease and to determine quality of treatment in a defined population.	2007	1932932
signal detectability: the use of roc curves and their analyses.	issues related to roc curves are addressed. the original article on the subject by lee lusted, describing the "state of the art" 20 years ago, is reviewed. the concepts that lusted addressed are then expanded, suggesting the current state of the art. new issues that have arisen with regard to roc curves and their use in medicine are addressed. finally, potential areas for future investigation are suggested.	2007	1865776
comparison of commercially available cytokeratin antibodies in normal and neoplastic adult epithelial and non-epithelial tissues.	five commercially available cytokeratin antibodies (lu-5, ae1/ae3, cam 5.2, mfn116 and anti-cytokeratin 18) were used to stain a wide range of normal and neoplastic epithelial and non-epithelial tissues to assess their potential value in diagnostic histopathology. all five showed good specificity, with some cross-reactivity in smooth muscle cells. the wider reactivity of ae1/ae3, lu-5, and mfn 116, which includes cytokeratins 8,18 (moll's catalogue) expressed in simple epithelia and their tumour ...	2007	1716266
the dose rate effects on the in vitro radiolysis products of magnesium-guanosine-5'-monophosphate complexes in aqueous solutions.	this study examined the effects on the radiolysis of magnesium-guanosine-5'-monophosphate complexes in deaerated aqueous solutions, investigated by fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spectroscopy. it was found that when the system was irradiated with a dose rate of 500 rad/min (low dose rate), the oh radicals, h atoms and hydrated electrons (eaq-) produced from radiolysis of water reacted mainly by addition to the double bonds c4 = c5 and n7 = c8 of guanine. when the dose rate was 23,800 rad/min ...	2007	2168727
[development of public health service with special reference to health monitoring of the drinking water supply in east germany since 1945, with examples from the gera district].	government-controlled hygienic inspection was a part of public health in the german democratic republic that developed into a uniformly all-embracing, active, controlling and executive public instrument also in the field of hygienic control and monitoring of drinking water supply. the article describes the pros and cons of centralistic principles, especially with regard to controlling government-run enterprises and institutions by government-conducted control organisations. the problems involved ...	2007	1828552
consultation section. retrobulbar hemorrhage.		2007	2258817
consultation section. retrobulbar hemorrhage.		2007	2258817
increased plasma endothelin levels in patients with raynaud's phenomenon.		2007	2008192
neuroimaging of cerebral infarction associated with coronary revascularization.		2007	1950903
transcriptome analysis of the salivary glands of dermacentor andersoni stiles (acari: ixodidae).	amongst blood-feeding arthropods, ticks of the family ixodidae (hard ticks) are vectors and reservoirs of a greater variety of infectious agents than any other ectoparasite. salivary glands of ixodid ticks secrete a large number of pharmacologically active molecules that not only facilitate feeding but also promote establishment of infectious agents. genomic, proteomic and immunologic characterization of bioactive salivary gland molecules are, therefore, important as they offer new insights into ...	2007	17175446
selection for simple major surface protein 2 variants during anaplasma marginale transmission to immunologically naïve animals.	anaplasma marginale, a rickettsial pathogen, evades clearance in the animal host by antigenic variation. under immune selection, a. marginale expresses complex major surface protein 2 mosaics, derived from multiple donor sequences. however, these mosaics have a selective advantage only in the presence of adaptive immunity and are rapidly replaced by simple variants following transmission.	2007	17178787
in vivo endothelial cell infection by anaplasma marginale.	anaplasma marginale has recently been shown to infect endothelial cells in vitro, but it remains unknown as to whether endothelial infection also occurs in vivo. in this report, we demonstrate through dual fluorescence microscopy that a marginale, detected by the monoclonal antibody anaf16c1, co-localizes with the endothelial cell marker, von willebrand factor, in tissue sections from an experimentally inoculated calf. the results indicate that a marginale infection includes endothelial cells an ...	2007	17197636
characterization of anaplasma phagocytophilum major surface protein 5 and the extent of its cross-reactivity with a. marginale.	major surface protein 5 (msp5) of anaplasma marginale is highly conserved in the genus anaplasma and the antigen used in a commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) for serologic identification of cattle with anaplasmosis. this study analyzes the degrees of conservation of msp5 among various isolates of anaplasma phagocytophilum and the extent of serologic cross-reactivity between recombinant msp5 (rmsp5) of anaplasma marginale and a. phagocytophilum. the msp5 ...	2007	17215333
dna vaccine construct incorporating intercellular trafficking and intracellular targeting motifs effectively primes and induces memory b- and t-cell responses in outbred animals.	we developed a vaccine construct in which a bvp22 domain and an invariant-chain major histocompatibility complex class ii-targeting motif capable of enhancing dendritic cell antigen uptake and presentation were fused to a sequence encoding a b- and t-cell antigen from the anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a and tested whether this construct would prime and expand immune responses in outbred calves. a single inoculation with this construct effectively primed the immune responses, as demo ...	2007	17215335
first serological and molecular evidence on the endemicity of anaplasma ovis and a. marginale in hungary.	recurring and spontaneously curing spring haemoglobinuria was recently reported in a small sheep flock in a selenium deficient area of northern hungary. in blood smears of two animals showing clinical signs, anaplasma-like inclusion bodies were seen in erythrocytes. to extend the scope of the study, 156 sheep from 5 flocks and 26 cattle from 9 farms in the region were examined serologically with a competitive elisa to detect antibodies to anaplasma marginale, a. centrale and a. ovis. the seropos ...	2007	17336001
immunogenicity of anaplasma marginale type iv secretion system proteins in a protective outer membrane vaccine.	rickettsial pathogens in the genera anaplasma and ehrlichia cause acute infection in immunologically naive hosts and are major causes of tick-borne disease in animals and humans. immunization with purified outer membranes induces protection against acute anaplasma marginale infection and disease, and a proteomic and genomic approach recently identified 21 proteins within the outer membrane immunogen in addition to the well-characterized major surface proteins msp1 to msp5. among the newly descri ...	2007	17339347
prevalence and genetic diversity of anaplasma marginale strains in cattle in south africa.	bovine anaplasmosis, caused by the tick-borne rickettsia anaplasma marginale, is endemic in south africa and results in considerable economic loss to the cattle industry. this study was designed to characterize strains of a. marginale at the molecular level from cattle raised in communal and commercial farms in the north-eastern and south-western regions of the free state province, south africa, that varied in rainfall and vegetation. seroprevalence to a. marginale was determined in 755 cattle b ...	2007	17359443
immune response of balb/c mouse immunized with recombinant msps proteins of anaplasma marginale binding to immunostimulant complex (iscom).	anaplasmosis, caused by anaplasma marginale, results in significant economic losses of cattle in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. six major surface proteins (msps) were well characterized and designated as msp1, msp2, msp3, msp4, and msp5. the objective of this study was to evaluate the humoral immune response of balb/c mice against the recombinant msps, incorporated into immunostimulating complex (iscom). the recombinant proteins purified by ni-nta columns were incorporated into isco ...	2007	17395222
identification of midgut and salivary glands as specific and distinct barriers to efficient tick-borne transmission of anaplasma marginale.	understanding the determinants of efficient tick-borne microbial transmission is needed to better predict the emergence of highly transmissible pathogen strains and disease outbreaks. although the basic developmental cycle of anaplasma and ehrlichia spp. within the tick has been delineated, there are marked differences in the ability of specific strains to be efficiently tick transmitted. using the highly transmissible st. maries strain of anaplasma marginale in dermacentor andersoni as a positi ...	2007	17420231
cloning, sequencing, expression, and antigenic characterization of rmsp4 from anaplasma marginale isolated from paraná state, brazil.	anaplasmosis is a bovine intraerythrocytic disease caused by the bacterium anaplasma marginale; it causes significant economic losses in tropical and subtropical regions, worldwide. the msp4 gene of an a. marginale strain isolated in paran , brazil, was amplified by pcr and sequenced; its cloning into the pet102/d-topo vector produced an msp4-6xhis-v5-hp thioredoxin fusion gene construct. this recombinant clone was over-expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de-3); the expressed fusion protein was f ...	2007	17278086
epifaunistic arthropod parasites of the four-striped mouse, rhabdomys pumilio, in the western cape province, south africa.	flea, lice, mite, and tick species associated with 510 rhabdomys pumilio were collected at 9 localities in the western cape province, south africa. the aims of the study were first to quantify the species richness, prevalence, and relative mean intensity of infestation of epifaunistic arthropod species associated with r. pumilio, and second to determine temporal variations in the mean abundance of the parasitic arthropods. each mouse was examined under a stereoscopic microscope and its parasites ...	2007	17436941
anaplasma marginale field challenge: protection by an inactivated immunogen that shares partial sequence of msp1alpha variable region with the challenge strain.	twenty four hereford heifers free of anaplasmosis were allotted into three groups of eight animals each and inoculated three times with adjuvant in puck saline as control or 50 microg and 100 microg of total protein of anaplasma marginale initial bodies from three mexican strains which share the same variable region of msp1alpha and msp4. inoculation with the adjuvant or the immunogen at either of the two protein doses did not induce any undesirable changes attributable to inoculation in vaccina ...	2007	17049686
sequence analysis of the msp4 gene of anaplasma ovis strains.	anaplasma ovis (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) is a tick-borne pathogen of sheep, goats and wild ruminants. the genetic diversity of a. ovis strains has not been well characterized due to the lack of sequence information. in this study, we evaluated bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) from montana for infection with a. ovis by serology and sequence analysis of the msp4 gene. antibodies to anaplasma spp. were detected in 37% and 39% of bighorn sheep and mule deer ...	2007	17052866
analysis of world strains of anaplasma marginale using major surface protein 1a repeat sequences.	anaplasma marginale is a tick-borne pathogen of cattle that causes the disease bovine anaplasmosis worldwide. major surface proteins (msps) are involved in host-pathogen and tick-pathogen interactions and have been used as markers for the genetic characterization of a. marginale strains and phylogenetic studies. msp1a is involved in the adhesion and transmission of a. marginale by ticks and varies among geographic strains in the number and sequence of amino-terminal tandem repeats. the aim of th ...	2007	17084044
the first reported case of hypoglycaemia as the presenting feature of invasive plasmacytoma with a paraprotein band and grossly elevated insulin levels.		2007	2223638
the first reported case of hypoglycaemia as the presenting feature of invasive plasmacytoma with a paraprotein band and grossly elevated insulin levels.		2007	2223638
the homeless shelter. an ideal clinical setting for rn/bsn students.	providing care to persons in homeless shelters may provide an ideal independent nursing experience for students, says witt. here she describes a project that allowed students to use their wits in providing the needed care for this special population.	2007	2034396
parasitic associations with malignant neoplasms.		2007	2100071
candida species: emerging hospital bloodstream pathogens.		2007	1940274
[malignant melanoma metastatic to the stomach: upper g-i endoscopic finding--report of a case].	a 54-year-old male was presented with huge, black, ulcerative and painless tumor of the sole of left foot. malignant melanoma was proved by biopsy, but patient refused any treatment. he visited our hospital again when bloody vomitus was noted two months later. chest p-a revealed multiple lung metastases, and marked liver metastasis was also found by abdominal echo. upper gastrointestinal (ugi) panendoscopy revealed multiple melanotic nodules with ulcerations at the tip, scattering diffusely on t ...	2007	2168278
adrenergic receptors and sensitization of adenylyl cyclase in acute myocardial ischemia.	acute myocardial ischemia leads to a gradual increase in beta-adrenergic receptors at the cell surface. this increase occurs rapidly after onset of global ischemia (15 minutes) and persists even after prolonged periods of global ischemia. this alteration can be observed both in vivo and in vitro in isolated perfused hearts. several groups have previously shown that ischemia induces a local release of endogenous catecholamines. here, we show that these endogenous catecholamines are sufficiently h ...	2007	2168300
ct scan and facial fractures.		2007	2271061
ct scan and facial fractures.		2007	2271061
cadmium content of cameroonian cigarettes: comparison with other foreign brands sold in cameroon.		2007	1932854
[opinions and expectations of physicians of the halle district for restructuring health care].	the article reports on a sociological investigation on physicians' views and expectations regarding the restructuring of the east german health system. 1,420 physicians of a former gdr district (= some 3.5 per cent of gdr doctors) were questioned. the data were ascertained in april 1990 via questionnaire.	2007	1828556
nucleosome unit repeat size in aneuploid mice.	male 8-day-old mice that have part of chromosome 7 translocated to an x chromosome [t(x;7)1 ct] and that are chromosomally unbalanced for chromosome 7, and consequently trisomic for that part of chromosome 7, were found to have a smaller nucleosome repeat unit size than normal littermate males (rake, a. v., and edwards, r. h., biochem. genet. 25:671, 1987). this smaller nucleosome size is maintained in adult trisomic males. males with a balanced chromosomal translocation [t(x;7)1ct] had a normal ...	2007	2268257
the differentiation of excitability in embryonic chick limb motoneurons.	the well-documented role of neuromuscular activity as a regulator of motoneuron and muscle development raises important questions about the differentiation of excitability in motoneurons. we have recently described changes in expression of voltage-dependent calcium currents that take place during neuromuscular development in the chick embryo (mccobb et al., 1989). we now report similar analyses, using whole-cell patch-recording methods, of the major currents underlying action potential generatio ...	2007	2168941
ventricular fibrillation in the wolff-parkinson-white syndrome.	ventricular fibrillation (vf) is a well-known but rare complication of the wolff-parkinson-white syndrome (wpw). clinical and electrophysiological data of 23 patients with spontaneous vf were compared with data from 100 consecutive patients with wpw without vf but with symptomatic supraventricular tachycardia. the 23 patients were collected in a multicentre retrospective study in seven european centres. vf occurred in only one patient who was receiving antiarrhythmic drugs, and was the first man ...	2007	2044547