Publications

antibodies that react with the capsular polysaccharide of vibrio vulnificus are detectable in infected patients, and in persons without known exposure to the organism.	in serious infections with vibrio vulnificus, igg antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide of the infecting strain were demonstrable in patient serum. it was not possible to show that persons with probable increased exposure to v. vulnificus (shellfish industry workers) had increased levels of antibodies to any one of three capsular types tested when compared with persons who would be expected to have had minimal exposure to the organism (seventh day adventists). antibodies that reacted with th ...	1996	8724403
clinical manifestations and molecular epidemiology of vibrio vulnificus infections in denmark.	the clinical manifestations of and epidemiological data from 11 patients infected with vibrio vulnificus admitted to danish hospitals during the unusually warm summer of 1994 are reported. all patients contracted the disease after exposure to seawater; however, none had consumed seafood. four patients developed bacteremia, one of whom subsequently died; nine patients, including the four with bacteremia, exhibited skin manifestations. four patients contracted the disease while fishing; in at leas ...	1996	8740858
analysis of starvation conditions that allow for prolonged culturability of vibrio vulnificus at low temperature.	the response of the estuarine human pathogen vibrio vulnificus to starvation for carbon, nitrogen or phosphorus, or all three nutrients simultaneously (multiple-nutrient), was examined with respect to the maintenance of culturability during incubation at low temperature. v. vulnificus showed similar survival patterns during starvation for the individual nutrients when kept at 24 degrees c. on the other hand, cultures prestarved at 24 degrees c and then shifted to 5 degrees c maintained culturabi ...	1996	8757732
[vibrio vulnificus infections in denmark during the summer of 1994].	the clinical manifestations and epidemiological data of 11 patients infected with vibrio vulnificus found in denmark during the unusually warm summer of 1994 are reported. all patients had been exposed to seawater prior to illness, but none had consumed seafood. nine patients, including four with bacteraemia, developed skin manifestations of various degrees of severity. one patient died of septic shock despite surgery and treatment with relevant antibiotics. four patients contracted the disease ...	1996	8757899
toxic and enzymatic activities of vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 with respect to host specificity.	in this work, the enzymatic activities of selected strains of biotypes 1 and 2 of vabrio vulnificus were analyzed by using conventional methods and the api zym system. the toxic activities of extracellular products (ecps) were further evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. the ecps of both biotypes (i) showed high-level hydrolytic activities, (ii) displayed cytotoxicity for fish cell lines, and (iii) were lethal for eels. exotoxins seem to be proteinaceous since heat treatment of ecp sam ...	1996	8779570
cytochemical colocalization and quantitation of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics in individual bacterial cells.	the widely accepted view that most bacterial species have yet to be cultivated in vitro has gained support from recent ribosomal dna-based environmental studies. to enable elucidation of the phenotypes of organisms recognized solely by molecular genetic techniques, we developed and evaluated cytochemical methods which colocalize phenotypic properties with in situ rrna probe hybridization signals. application of these methods to artificial mixtures of pseudomonas putida and escherichia coli or vi ...	1996	8787385
survey on the distribution of vibrionaceae at the seaport areas in taiwan, 1991-1994.	a monthly survey on the distribution of human-pathogenic vibrionaceae of the seawater from five principal harbors in taiwan was conducted by national quarantine service from july, 1991 to february, 1994. of the total 1,167 vibrionaceae isolates, strains of vibrio alginolyticus (449 strains) were the most frequently isolated, followed by vibrio parahaemolyticus (262) , aeromonas hydrophila (153), vibrio cholerae non-o1 (86), and vibrio vulnificus (67). none of vibrio cholerae o1 was isolated. the ...	1996	10592802
from the centers for disease control and prevention. vibrio vulnificus infections associated with eating raw oysters--los angeles, 1996.		1996	8805714
necrotizing fasciitis of the foot caused by an unusual organism, vibrio vulnificus.	in modern medicine, there are very few infectious disease processes occurring in the foot that can cause death within 48 hr. and have an overall mortality rate of 50% despite appropriate antibiotic and surgical treatment. such a condition must be regarded as being potentially deadly. the authors report a case of necrotizing fasciitis of the left foot resulting from an unusual organism of vibrio vulnificus.	1996	8807481
vibrio vulnificus, an emerging human pathogen.		1996	8837388
pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and ribotype profiles of clinical and environmental vibrio vulnificus isolates.	vibrio vulnificus belongs to the autochthonous bacterial flora of warm estuarine waters. it can cause life-threatening extraintestinal disease in persons who have underlying illness and who consume raw shellfish or contact wounds with estuarine water. currently, very little is known about genetic diversity within this species. in this report, we describe high-level variation in restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles among 53 clinical and 78 environmental isolates, as determined by pul ...	1996	8837412
offshore suspension relaying to reduce levels of vibrio vulnificus in oysters (crassostrea virginica).	oysters naturally contaminated with 10(3) to 10(4) most probable numbers (mpn) of vibrio vulnificus per g were relayed to offshore waters (salinity, 30 to 34 ppt), where they were suspended in racks at a depth of 7.6 m. v. vulnificus counts in oysters were reduced to < 10 mpn/g within 7 to 17 days in five of the six studies. at the end of the studies (17 to 49 days), v. vulnificus levels were reduced further and ranged from a mean of 0.23 to 2.6 mpn/g. oyster mortalities during relaying were < 6 ...	1996	8837445
primary skin infections secondary to vibrio vulnificus: the role of operative intervention.	vibrio vulnificus can cause rapidly spreading skin and soft tissue infections with significant associated morbidity and mortality. patients with underlying chronic illness, such as cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, or immunosuppression, have been noted to be at high risk for rapid progression of this infection. the importance of early antibiotic therapy has been reported but the role of operative intervention in these patients is less clear.	1996	8843261
effect of diluents on the enumeration of vibrio vulnificus.	peptone (0.1%) solution containing 3% nacl (ps) was a more suitable diluent than phosphate buffered saline (pbs) solution for the enumeration of vibrio vulnificus in both broth cultures and oyster homogenates. pbs caused significant underestimation of the viable population of the species by plate counts on either selective or non-selective media. dilution in ps is recommended in methods for the enumeration of v. vulnificus.	1996	8854190
a review of vibrio vulnificus infections related to eating raw oysters, including three cases in arkansas residents.		1996	8867240
involvement of vulnibactin and exocellular protease in utilization of transferrin- and lactoferrin-bound iron by vibrio vulnificus.	in vitro growth experiments were conducted to evaluate the ability of vulnibactin, a siderophore produced by vibrio vulnificus, to sequester transferrin- or lactoferrin bound iron for growth. comparative studies with the strain producing vulnibactin and its exocellular protease-deficient mutant revealed the involvement of the protease in addition to vulnibactin in effective utilization of iron ion (fe3+) bound to transferrin and lactoferrin. it appears that the protease causes cleavage of these ...	1996	8887355
detection of vibrio vulnificus biotypes 1 and 2 in eels and oysters by pcr amplification.	dna extraction procedures and pcr conditions to detect vibrio vulnificus cells naturally occurring in oysters were developed. in addition, pcr amplification of v. vulnificus from oysters seeded with biotype 1 cells was demonstrated. by the methods described, v. vulnificus cells on a medium (colistin-polymyxin b-cellobiose agar) selective for this pathogen were detectable in oysters harvested in january and march, containing no culturable cells (< 67 cfu/g), as well as in oysters harvested in may ...	1996	8919800
vibrio vulnificus biotype 2, pathogenic for eels, is also an opportunistic pathogen for humans.	we report that the eel pathogen vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 is also an opportunistic pathogen for humans. results from a detailed comparative study using reference strains of both biotypes revealed that the clinical strain atcc 33817, originally isolated from a human leg wound and classified as v. vulnificus (no reference on its biotype is noted), belongs to biotype 2 of the species. as a biotype 2 strain, it is negative for indole and pathogenic for eels and mice, harbors two plasmids of high m ...	1996	8919812
stress resistance and recovery potential of culturable and viable but nonculturable cells of vibrio vulnificus.	the estuarine, human-pathogenic bacterium vibrio vulnificus responds to low temperature by the formation of viable but nonculturable (vbnc) cells, while starvation at moderate temperatures allows for maintenance of culturability of this organism. recovery of cold-incubated populations of v. vulnificus was restricted to the culturable fraction in slide cultures and most probable number assays. these populations, however, gave between 1.1- and 8-fold higher c.f.u. counts on soft agar plates than o ...	1996	8936311
comparison of a commercial biochemical kit and an oligonucleotide probe for identification of environmental isolates of vibrio vulnificus.	methods for the identification and isolation of environmental isolates of vibrio vulnificus were evaluated. alkaline peptone water supplemented with polymyxin b and colistin-polymyxin b-cellobiose agar were employed for the isolation of suspected v. vulnificus from water, sediment and shellfish samples. when comparing the identification of putative v. vulnificus obtained with the api 20e assay and an oligonucleotide probe, 29 api 20e profiles were obtained with only four profiles (representing 2 ...	1996	8936379
overwhelming sepsis with vibrio vulnificus: a coastal pathogen in oklahoma.	vibrio vulnificus has been associated with three main clinical syndromes; primary septicemia; wound infection, and gastroenteritis. this organism has increased virulence for persons with underlying medical conditions that predispose to iron overload or an impaired immune system. since the organism proliferates more readily in warm, coastal waters, such infections are more commonly found in those regions. infection can result from the ingestion of contaminated, undercooked seafood; contact of a w ...	1996	8936853
vibrio vulnificus infections associated with eating raw oysters--los angeles, 1996.	of all foodborne infectious diseases, infection with vibrio vulnificus is one of the most severe; the case-fatality rate for v. vulnificus septicemia exceeds 50%. in immunocompromised hosts v. vulnificus infection can cause fever, nausea, myalgia, and abdominal cramps 24-48 hours after eating contaminated food; because the organism can cross the intestinal mucosa rapidly, sepsis and cutaneous bullae can occur within 36 hours of the initial onset of symptoms. cases are most commonly reported duri ...	1996	8965788
phenotypic characterization of vibrio vulnificus biotype 2, a lipopolysaccharide-based homogeneous o serogroup within vibrio vulnificus.	in this study, we have reevaluated the taxonomic position of biotype 2 of vibrio vulnificus. for this purpose, we have biochemically and serologically characterized 83 biotype 2 strains from diseased eels, comparing them with 17 biotype 1 strains from different sources. selected strains were also molecularly analyzed and tested for eel and mouse pathogenicity. results have shown that biotype 2 (i) is biochemically homogeneous, indole production being the main trait that distinguishes it from bio ...	1996	8975619
siderophore-mediated iron acquisition mechanisms in vibrio vulnificus biotype 2.	vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 is a primary pathogen for eels and, as has recently been suggested, an opportunistic pathogen for humans. in this study we have investigated the ability of v. vulnificus biotype 2 to obtain iron by siderophore-mediated mechanisms and evaluated the importance of free iron in vibriosis. the virulence degree for eels was dependent on iron availability from host fluids, as was revealed by a reduction in the 50% lethal dose for iron-overloaded eels. this biotype produced b ...	1996	8975620
cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the protease gene of vibrio vulnificus.	the gene (vvp) encoding a thermolabile protease of vibrio vulnificus was cloned and sequenced. the transcription start point was also determined by primer extension. the product of this gene is very likely the secretory neutral metalloprotease that has been purified and characterized previously.	1996	8996115
[bacteremia caused by vibrio vulnificus in a patient with a skin ulcer exposed to sea water].		1996	9011219
an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of vibrio vulnificus biotype 2: development and field studies.	vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 is a primary eel pathogen which constitutes a lipopolysaccharide (lps)-based homogeneous o serogroup within the species. in the present work, we have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on the specificity of lps for the detection of this pathogen. the elisa specificity was confirmed after testing 36 biotype 2 strains from laboratory cultures and environmental samples, 31 clinical and environmental biotype 1 isolates, and several strains of vib ...	1997	9023934
characterization of a mutant of vibrio vulnificus for heme utilization.	vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic human pathogen, can obtain iron from a variety of heme proteins. this process involves the digestion of heme proteins by an exoprotease to liberate protoheme (iron-protoporphyrin ix). in the present study, we isolated and characterized a mutant for protoheme utilization. one mutant isolated by treatment with a chemical mutagen was shown to be unable to use either protoheme or heme proteins, but multiplied in a medium supplemented with an iron siderophore, such ...	1997	9066118
phenotypic and genotypic characterization of vibrio vulnificus: proposal for the substitution of the subspecific taxon biotype for serovar.	the classification of vibrio vulnificus strains into two biotypes has been maintained on the basis of phenotypic properties and eel virulence. biotype 2 is virulent for eels, negative for the indole reaction, and serologically homogeneous (serogroup e), whereas strains of biotype 1 are avirulent, indole positive, and serologically heterogeneous. in the present study, we phenotypically and genotypically characterized 21 v. vulnificus isolates, recovered mainly from northern europe, by comparing t ...	1997	9097444
pulmonary damage by vibrio vulnificus cytolysin.		1997	9119507
[primary vibrio vulnificus septicemia. 1st documented case in the french west indies].	vibrio vulnificus is a non-choleric halophilic vibrion widely distributed in marine environments. contamination in humans is uncommon except in coastal areas of the united states and asia. we report the first documented case in the french west indies.	1997	9122138
comparison of ribotyping and randomly amplified polymorphic dna pcr for characterization of vibrio vulnificus.	a total of 85 isolates of vibrio vulnificus were characterized by ribotyping with a probe complementary to 16s and 23s rrna of escherichia coli and by randomly amplified polymorphic dna-pcr (rapd-pcr) with a 10-mer oligonucleotide primer. the rapd-pcr results were scanned, and the images were analyzed with a computer program. ribotype membranes were evaluated visually. both the ribotyping and the rapd-pcr results showed that the collection of strains was genetically very heterogeneous. ribotypin ...	1997	9143101
detection of two isotypically different antibodies produced by a murine hybridoma.	a hybridoma, f31p46b, secreting monoclonal antibodies (mabs) comprised of mu and gamma heavy chains in association with a single kappa light chain, has been characterized. this hybridoma was prepared by fusing splenocytes, derived from a balb/c mouse immunized with vibrio vulnificus and sp2/o-ag-14 mouse myeloma cells. the specificity of this hybridoma was determined by elisa screening on a large number of bacterial strains. hybridoma cells of f31p46b were cloned by limiting dilution to an avera ...	1997	9145323
cloning and characterization of the gene (empv) encoding extracellular metalloprotease from vibrio vulnificus.	a gene (empv) encoding the extracellular metalloprotease of vibrio vulnificus ckm-1 has been cloned and sequenced. when the empv gene was expressed in minicells, a unique peptide of approx. 46 kda was identified. protease activity staining experiments also indicated a similar m(r) for the protease. the empv gene product (empv) is secreted into the periplasm of escherichia coli, but not out of it. the crude enzyme prepared from the periplasmic fraction of recombinant e. coli was inhibited by a me ...	1997	9168122
the lipopolysaccharide o side chain of vibrio vulnificus serogroup e is a virulence determinant for eels.	vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium capable of producing septicemic infections in eels and immunocompromised humans. two biotypes are classically recognized, with the virulence for eels being specific to strains belonging to biotype 2, which constitutes a homogeneous lipopolysaccharide (lps)-based o serogroup (which we have designated serogroup e). in the present study we demonstrated that the o side chain of this lps determines the selective virulence of biotype 2 for eels: (i) bioty ...	1997	9169795
distribution of vibrio vulnificus phage in oyster tissues and other estuarine habitats.	phages lytic to vibrio vulnificus were found in estuarine waters, sediments, plankton, crustacea, molluscan shellfish, and the intestines of finfish of the u.s. gulf coast, but no apparent relationship between densities of v. vulnificus and its phages was observed. phage diversity and abundance in molluscan shellfish were much greater than in other habitats. v. vulnificus phages isolated from oysters did not lyse other mesophilic bacteria also isolated from oysters. both v. vulnificus and its ph ...	1997	9172370
vibrio vulnificus infection reporting on death certificates: the invisible impact of an often fatal infection.	this study assessed accuracy of (a) recording vibrio vulnificus infection on death certificates and (b) international classification of disease (icd)-9 codes for v. vulnificus. patients with microbiologically confirmed v. vulnificus infection were identified as part of co-ordinated surveillance in four usa gulf coast states between 1989 and 1993. of 60 deaths, 51 death certificates were reviewed and v. vulnificus was recorded as the immediate cause of death on 11 (22%). there was no icd-9 code f ...	1997	9207732
in situ analysis of nucleic acids in cold-induced nonculturable vibrio vulnificus.	low-temperature-induced nonculturable cells of the human pathogenic bacterium vibrio vulnificus retained significant amounts of nucleic acids for more than 5 months. upon permeabilization of fixed cells, however, an increasing number of cold-incubated cells released the nucleic acids. this indicates substantial degradation of dna and rna in nonculturable cells prior to fixation. treatment of permeabilized cells with dnase and rnase allowed differential staining of dna and rna with the nucleic ac ...	1997	9212422
evidence that mortality from vibrio vulnificus infection results from single strains among heterogeneous populations in shellfish.	vibrio vulnificus is the leading cause of food-related mortality reported in the state of florida. it is normal microflora in marine environments, where seawater and molluscan shellfish are the primary vectors of v. vulnificus disease. risk correlates with seasonally high numbers of v. vulnificus bacteria during the summer months. currently, the infectious dose for humans, as well as whether the disease is caused by single or multiple strains found in molluscan shellfish, is unknown. in this wor ...	1997	9230389
classification of vibrio vulnificus strains by the carbohydrate composition of their capsular polysaccharides.	pathogenic bacteria are often classified on the basis of the complex polysaccharides found on the surface, usually capsular polysaccharides or lipopolysaccharides. it is common in clinical practice to use reactivity with antisera specific to the various cell surface carbohydrates for this purpose. in this work, we describe a chemotyping method for bacterial capsular polysaccharides which is based on a carbohydrate analysis of an acid hydrolysate of the capsule. high-performance anion-exchange ch ...	1997	9245438
thermal-death times of opaque and translucent morphotypes of vibrio vulnificus.	thermal-death times were determined for vibrio vulnificus strains with different morphotypes. opaque strains showed higher d values (times required to reduce the viable population of a given strain by 90%) than translucent strains. z values (absolute values of the temperature required to reduce 1 log scale of d values) were also significantly higher in opaque morphotypes (2.4 to 2.5 degrees c) than in translucent ones (1.7 to 2.1 degrees c). these results indicate that the morphotype is related ...	1997	9251221
prevention of vibrio vulnificus infections. assessment of regulatory educational strategies.	vibrio vulnificus-related disease caused by eating contaminated raw oysters prompted california to implement regulatory educational initiatives in 1991.	1997	9268279
glucan-induced disease resistance in tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon).	non-specific disease resistance induced by yeast cell wall extract, beta-1,3-1,6-glucan, was demonstrated in the tiger shrimp. in this study beta-1,3-1,6-glucan was administered to shrimps by immersion before culturing and orally during the culturing period. challenge of the treated shrimps with the virulent pathogens, vibrio vulnificus and viral agents extracted from the white spot syndrome victims, yielded promising results. the tolerance of glucan-treated shrimps was slightly enhanced to stre ...	1997	9270870
vibrio vulnificus sepsis in a child with diamond-blackfan syndrome.		1997	9271048
comparative sensitivity of 13 species of pathogenic bacteria to seven chemical germicides.	the relative resistance of diverse human bacterial pathogens to commonly used germicidal agents has not been established.	1997	9276546
release of tumor necrosis factor alpha in response to vibrio vulnificus capsular polysaccharide in in vivo and in vitro models.	vibrio vulnificus produces a severe septic shock syndrome in susceptible individuals. virulence of the bacterium has been closely linked to the presence of a surface-exposed acidic capsular polysaccharide (cps). to investigate whether cps plays an additional role in pathogenesis by modulating inflammatory-associated cytokine production, studies were initiated in a mouse model and followed by investigations of cytokine release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs). mouse tumor nec ...	1997	9284142
mouse skin damage caused by a recombinant extracellular metalloprotease from vibrio vulnificus and by v. vulnificus infection.	vibrio vulnificus wound infection is characterized by an intense acute cellulitis which spreads along the subcutaneous tissue with severe tissue destruction. toxins produced by the bacteria appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of skin necrosis and to facilitate microbial dissemination in vivo. we report microscopic studies of mouse skin damage caused by a single intradermal injection of v. vulnificus or of an extracellular metalloprotease isolated from this organism. the gene encoding this ...	1997	9308319
cloning and sequence analysis of a novel hemolysin gene (vlly) from vibrio vulnificus.	a gene (vlly) encoding a novel hemolysin of vibrio vulnificus ckm-1 has been cloned and sequenced. when the vlly gene was expressed in minicells, a unique peptide of approximately 40 kda was identified. subcellular fractionation of escherichia coli cells carrying the vlly gene indicated that the vlly protein was distributed in both the cytoplasmic and the periplasmic fractions, with the notable ability to appear in the latter compartment. nucleotide sequence analysis predicted a single open read ...	1997	9327548
in vitro synergism between cefotaxime and minocycline against vibrio vulnificus.	we conducted time-kill studies to evaluate the inhibitory activities of either cefotaxime or minocycline alone and the two drugs in combination against a clinical strain of vibrio vulnificus. the mics of cefotaxime and minocycline were 0.03 and 0.06 microg/ml, respectively. when approximately 5 x 10(5) cfu of v. vulnificus per ml was incubated with cefotaxime at 0.03 or 0.05 microg/ml, the bacterial growth was inhibited during the initial 2 and 8 h, respectively. thereafter, v. vulnificus regrew ...	1997	9333050
some properties of nicked vibrio vulnificus hemolysin.	vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic human pathogen, secretes the 50 kda single-chain hemolysin. when incubated with an exocellular protease from this vibrio, the 50 kda hemolysin was cleaved in some peptides joined with the disulfide bond(s); the 40 kda fragment and the small fragment(s) undetectable in sds-page. the nicked hemolysin induced comparable hemolysis through the same process as that of the intact toxin. however, the nicked hemolysin was found to be more stable against inactivation du ...	1997	9344784
vibrio vulnificus infection: an important cause of septicemia in patients with cirrhosis.	vibrio vulnificus, a virulent gram-negative organism, is a normal inhabitant of coastal waters, including the gulf of mexico. vibrio vulnificus infection has been recognized as a cause of fatal septicemia in chronically ill patients, particularly those with chronic liver disease. we report the case of a patient with chronic liver disease who had v vulnificus septicemia 2 days after eating raw oysters harvested in the gulf coast. vibrio vulnificus septicemia should be suspected in all patients wi ...	1997	9347818
functional domains of a zinc metalloprotease from vibrio vulnificus.	vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic human pathogen causing wound infection and septicemia, secretes a 45-kda metalloprotease (v. vulnificus protease; vvp). a plasmid which carries the entire vvp gene subcloned into pbluescriptiiks+ was transformed into escherichia coli dh5alpha for overproduction of the protease. the 45-kda recombinant protease (rvvp) was isolated from the periplasmic fraction of the transformant by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by column chromatography on phenyl sepha ...	1997	9393733
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of aeromonas hydrophila serogroup o:19.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed for the detection of aeromonas hydrophila serogroup o:19 isolated from epizootics in eels. the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specificity was confirmed after testing a. hydrophila o:19 and non-o:19 strains from different origins, as well as other aeromonas species and other fish pathogens such as vibrio vulnificus biotype 2, v. furnisii, v. damsela, yersinia ruckerii and edwardsiella tarda. the detection limits for a. hydrophila o:19 cel ...	1997	9418247
[infection by vibrio vulnificus after a prick from from the spine of a tilapia].	vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium living in warm salty water that produces a spectrum of human disease which may progress to devastating, sometimes fatal infections in susceptible individuals. such infections have rarely been reported in israel. however, over the past few months we have been seeing a sharp increase in v. vulnificus infections with a common history of injury to extremities by the sharp spines of tilapia zillii, ("amnon" or st. peter's fish). clinical suspicion and pr ...	1997	9418316
isolation of a hemin and hemoglobin binding outer membrane protein of vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 (serogroup e).	the eel pathogen vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 (serogroup e) is able to use hemin (hm) or hemoglobin (hb) as the sole iron source for growth in vitro and in vivo. the mechanism of heme-iron acquisition in this bacterium requires a direct interaction through binding sites on the bacterial surface (constitutive outer membrane proteins). using affinity chromatography techniques, a unique protein of around 36.5 kda was isolated from cell envelopes of e86 strain regardless of the affinity ligand used, ...	1997	9513263
evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction method for identification of vibrio vulnificus isolated from marine environments.	the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method for identification of vibrio vulnificus in the marine environment was evaluated by comparing it to both the conventional and dna-dna hybridization methods. of 13,325 isolates obtained from seawater and sediment samples, and oyster and goby specimens collected from the coastal waters of tokyo bay, japan, only 61 isolates were identified as v. vulnificus on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and the amplification of the cytotoxin-hemolysin gene by th ...	1997	10465047
a universal protocol for pcr detection of 13 species of foodborne pathogens in foods.	a universal protocol for pcr detection of 13 species of foodborne pathogens in foods was developed. the protocol used a universal culture medium and the same pcr conditions with 13 sets of specific primers. the 13 species of foodborne pathogens examined were escherichia coli, e. coli-etec, e. coli-o157:h7, shigella spp., salmonella spp., yersinia enterocolitica, y. pseudotuberculosis, vibrio cholerae, v. parahaemolyticus, v. vulnificus, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus and bacillus ...	1997	9449811
vibrio vulnificus infections: case reports and literature review.	vibrio vulnificus is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that is responsible for one of the most fulminant food-borne diseases in immunocompromised hosts. the infection should be suspected in patients with underlying liver disorders who present with a prominent skin rash, hypotension and septic parameters especially if they give a history of seafood or shellfish ingestion. awareness and early recognition of this infection will result in a better outcome for the patient.	1997	9494683
molecular typing of vibrio vulnificus isolates by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis.	this study was undertaken to determine molecular types and genetic similarity among v. vulnificus isolates by rapd analysis. we compared these results with serotypes of v. vulnificus. ninety-seven v. vulnificus strains including 69 strains from chonnam university hospital (cuh; kwangju, korea), 13 from wonkwang university hospital (wuh; iksan, korea), 13 from the japanese national institute of health (jnih) and two reference strains (atcc 33815 and atcc 27562) were analyzed. four molecular types ...	1997	9556752
effects of extracellular products of vibrio vulnificus on acanthopagrus schlegeli serum components in vitro and in vivo.	a vibrio strain ls001, originally isolated from a body surface lesion of a moribund black porgy (acanthopagrus schlegeli) in 1994 in taiwan, was identified as vibrio vulnificus. the extracellular products (ecp) of the strain were lethal to the fish, and its effects on fish serum in vitro and in vivo are described in the present study. nine major precipitation arcs were visualized in normal fish serum in a crossed immunoelectrophoresis (cie) gel using rabbit antiserum to the fish normal serum and ...	1997	9670552
cellular fatty acid profiles of ninety-five strains of vibrio vulnificus isolated from clinical specimens in korea.	there have been many reports of primary vibrio vulnificus septicemia in korea since 1987. this study was undertaken to determine the cellular fatty acid (cfa) compositions of 95 clinical strains of v. vulnificus isolated in korea during 1985-1995. we compared these results with the cfa profile of v. vulnificus in the microbial identification system (mis) (clin library version 3.9; microbial id inc., newark, de, u.s.a.), and the grouping of v. vulnificus by cfa analysis was also performed. the re ...	1997	12501302
perfusion of the placenta in vitro.		1997	168461
resuscitation of vibrio vulnificus from the viable but nonculturable state.	like many other gram-negative bacteria, the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus is induced into a viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state by incubation at low temperatures. the ability of any bacterium to resuscitate from this dormant state would appear to be essential if the vbnc state is truly a survival strategy. the question as to whether the culturable cells which appear following removal of the inducing stress are a result of true resuscitation or of regrowth of a few residual culturable cells ...	1997	16535534
intraspecific differentiation of vibrio vulnificus biotypes by amplified fragment length polymorphism and ribotyping.	the intraspecific genomic relatedness of 80 vibrio vulnificus isolates, 44 of biotype 1 and 36 of biotype 2, from different geographic origins and sources was evaluated by ribotyping and aflp (amplified fragment length polymorphism) fingerprinting. ribopatterns of dnas digested with kpni and hybridized with an oligonucleotide complementary to a highly conserved sequence in the 23s rrna gene revealed up to 19 ribotypes in the species, which were different for the two biotypes. sixteen different r ...	1997	16535640
[provisional crowns and bridges].		1997	3250891
clinical conditions associated with urinary excretion of 2-hydroxybutyric acid.	urine and blood samples from patients with different clinical disorders were examined for 2-hydroxybutyric acid (2-hb) by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. all patients with combined lactic acidosis and ketoacidosis excreted 2-hb in the urine, in amounts up to 2.3 mmol/mmol creatinine. in blood from these patients, 2-hb was present only in trace amounts. hard physical exercise resulted in lactic acidosis and accumulation of 2-hb. the lactate to pyruvate ratio in blood and urine was marke ...	1997	168632
blind oral intubation: the development and efficacy of a new approach.	to develop an approach to blind oral intubation. with the aid of a fiberoptic laryngoscope and stylet within an endotracheal tube, a video camera, a monitor, and a recorder to correlate the effects of various manipulations of the airway on access to the trachea, a suitable approach was devised. we then evaluated its efficacy.	1997	1389195
reversible dissociation of a carbamoyl phosphate synthase-aspartate transcarbamoylase-dihydroorotase complex from ovarian eggs of rana catesbeiana: effect of uridine triphosphate and other modifiers.	glutamine-dependent carbanoyl phosphate synthase [atp6carbamate phosphotransgerase (dephosphorylating), ec 2.7.2.9], aspartate transcarbamoylase (carbamoylphosphate: l-aspartate carbamoyltransferase, ec 2.1.3.2) and dihydroorotase (l-5,6-dihydroorotate amidohydrolase, ec 3.5.2.3), are copurified as a high-molicular-weight complex from extracts of unfertilized eggs of rana catesbeiana. utp is required to maintain the integrity of the complex during the last two purification steps. removal of the ...	1997	168571
primary eruption of psoriasis in a donor site of a split-skin graft.		1997	2808809
normal and abnormal energy metabolism of the inner ear.		1997	168542
conformational flexibility in physiologically active amines.		1997	168441
a clinicopathological study of loop recession in strabismus.	this communication reports the histological structure of loop recessions of extraocular muscles from seven patients. in all cases the loops formed pseudotendons in which the typical histological structure was well established by four months. subsequently, moulding of these pseudotendons occurred with improved alignment of collagen and decrease in vascularity. by three and a half years after the operation the pseudotendon had acquired a very close resemblance to true tendon.	1997	1389128
does vibrio vulnificus present a health threat to canadians?	to review recent data on vibrio vulnificus and its properties, characteristics of disease and epidemiology, sources of infection, population at risk, infectious dose, documented cases of infection and health risk from v vulnificus infection in canada.	1997	22346524
a behavioral program for the treatment of chronic patients.	the authors report the development of a short-term behavioral therapy program for chronically hospitalized schizophrenic patients who had responded only minimally in a therapeutic community. the basic program was a token economy, which concentrated on personal care activities, productive activities, and leisure activities, combined with drug treatment. during the first 9 months of the program 105 patients were admitted and 79 were discharged--24 to nursing or group homes and 47 to their own home ...	1998	106739
staging of myeloma. a preliminary study of staging factors and treatment in different stages.	attempts were made to find prognostic factors in myeloma. in 16 deceased patients, urinary light chains, skeletal lesions, and the quantity of the monoclonal protein fraction in the serum were correlated to prognosis, in contrast to the electrophoretic mobility of the monoclonal fraction, the hemoglobin, the serum creatinine value, the serum calcium, or the intestinal calcium absorption. skeletal calcium uptake was only numerically higher in mild myeloma than in advanced myeloma. since these fin ...	1998	106448
treated stage iib hodgkin's disease complicated by late paraplegia.		1998	105595
[life at a leprosarium. 4. life of leprosy patients in 1950's].		1998	106170
pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency in spinocerebellar degenerations.	to study the incidence of abnormalities of the pyruvate (pdh) or ketoglutarate (kgdh) dehydrogenase complexes in patients with spinocerebellar degenerations, we measured the activities of pdh and kgdh in platelet-enriched preparations from the blood of 14 patients. low pdh was found in 6 of the 14 patients; low kgdh was found in 2 of the 6. pdh-normal and pdh-abnormal patients could not be distinguished by clinical criteria. these results extend previous studies, which suggested abnormalities of ...	1998	106330
on the question of the tumoricidal dose in non-hodgkin's lymphomas.		1998	106447
[surgically treated chronic aortic valve insufficiency. long term results. surgical indications].	the timing of surgery in chronic aortic regurgitation depends to a large extent on the operative results that may be expected in this type of valve disease. in 88 cases of chronic aortic regurgitation submitted to surgery there were 6 operative deaths (6.8%). five years after operation the actuarial survival was 58% for the whole of the group and 68% for cases of rheumatic aortic regurgitation. analysis of the causes of failures, late deaths, persistence or recurrence of severe impairment of act ...	1998	106793
francis thomas garnet prunty.		1998	90912
rapid and accurate diagnosis of acute cholecystitis with 99mtc-hida cholescintigraphy.	technetium-99m dimethyl acetanilide iminodiacetic acid (hida) cholescintigraphy was performed on 90 patients with suspected acute cholecystitis. visualization of the gallbladder established patency of the cystic duct and excluded the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis in 50 of 52 patients. nonvisualization of the gallbladder with visualization of the common bile duct was diagnostic of acute cholecystitis in 38 patients, all subsequently proven at surgery. the observed accuracy of this procedure is ...	1998	106679
fetal heart rate during a maternal grand mal epileptic seizure.	although maternal ingestion of antiepileptic drugs is strongly suspected of causing congenital defects, particularly oral clefts, the effect of epilepsy itself or a combined effect of drug intake and epilepsy have not been excluded as etiological factors. very little is known about fetal oxygenation during a maternal grand mal epileptic seizure. we describe two cases in which fetal heart rate was recorded during a maternal epileptic seizure during labor. the first fetus became clearly asphyctic ...	1998	106102
cell-number and cell size.		1998	90908
ct metrizamide myelography for intraspinal and paraspinal neoplasms in infants and children.	computed tomography (ct) metrizamide myelography is an accurate and satisfactory method for examining the spinal cord in infants and children with suspected intraspinal neoplasms. it was performed in 13 infants and children and in one adult with intra- and paraspinal neoplasms. ct metrizamide myelography in paraspinal masses provides the total geography of the mass; that is, possible intraspinal extension, as well as the paraspinal portion itself. as such, it is superior to conventional myelogra ...	1998	106638
effects of calcium on the intensity-response curve of toad rods.		1998	108600
catheter cervical vertebral venography.	cervical vertebral venography using catheterzation via the femoral vein was carried out in 78 cases. in disc disease the internal vertebral venous plexus (ivvp) are interrupted at single or multiple levels, and sometimes completely blocked. in ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament, the ivvp are separated bilaterally and interrupted at multiple levels due to centrally situated ossification and associated osteophytes. venography helps to determine the upper and lower limits of laminectom ...	1998	106325
neutrophil chemotaxis: physiology and pathology.		1998	107086
symposium on lipoxygenase: its biochemistry, products, and role in plant and animal chemistry.		1998	107206
approaches to sequence analysis of 125i-labeled rna.	a method is described for the initial steps of sequence analysis of rnase t1-and pancreatic rn-ase-resistant oligonucleotides of rna containing cytidylate residues labeled in vitro with 125i. in many cases an oligonucleotide sequence can be deduced from a consideration of (i) its relative position in the two-dimensional fingerprint (with deae thin layer homochromatographic second dimension), (ii) its electrophoretic mobility on deae paper at ph 1.9, and (iii) identification of its products of fu ...	1998	106369
[current therapeutic trends in hemometakinetic syndromes. preliminary note].		1998	108627
characteristics of drosophila rhodopsin in wild-type and norpa vision transduction mutants.	the properties of the major visual pigment of drosophila melanogaster were evaluated. the visual pigment was isolated from other protein components using acrylamide gel electrophoresis and spectral identification. sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) acrylamide gels of the isolated visual pigment gave a single protein subunit with a mol wt of 37,000 daltons. the rhodopsin480 molar extinction coefficient was 35,000 liter/mol-cm (+/- 2,700 se). the metarhodopsin580 molar extinction coefficient was approxi ...	1998	105082
shattuck lecture--in the public interest.		1998	107452
platelet aggregation in experimental spinal cord injury. ultrastructural observations.	endothelial alterations occur as early as 1 1/2 minutes following impact injury to the primate spinal cord. separation of the endothelial junctions and exposure of microvascular basal lamina result in platelet adhesion and aggregations that cover defects in the vessel wall and may progress to complete vascular occlusion. this occurs during the first six hours following injury. platelets also adhere to the surface of damaged endothelium. hemostasis resulting from platelet thrombus formation is re ...	1998	106810
[principles of hemophilia self-treatment. discussion of experience at german hemophilia centers heidelberg, january 22 and june 3--4, 1977].		1998	107986
[pancreatic carcinoma on endoscopic retrograde pancreatico-cholangiogram (author's transl)].	the pancreaticographic appearances of carcinoma of the pancreas have been divided into two types: 1. canalicular carcinoma arising from the duct system. if arising from the main pancreatic duct, it occludes this, or causes displacement or deformity of its branches in the immediate neighbourhood. if arising from branches, it causes cystic ectasia of the minor ducts; these appear fragmented and deformed while there is stenosis and displacement of the main duct. simultaneous origin from the main an ...	1998	124684
virulence factors and pathogenicity of vibrio vulnificus strains isolated from seafood.	the virulence factors of vibrio vulnificus are not yet well understood. so far, many hydrolytic enzymes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this micro-organism. the present research was carried out in order to study the presence of some of these enzymes in 133 v. vulnificus strains isolated from 45 seafood samples. the results showed that 100% of these strains were positive for the production of lecithinase and lipase (tween-80), 99.2% for caseinolytic protease, 96.9% for dnase, 65.4% fo ...	1998	9674127
randomly amplified polymorphic dna analysis of starved and viable but nonculturable vibrio vulnificus cells.	vibrio vulnificus is an estuarine bacterium capable of causing a rapidly fatal infection in humans. because of the low nutrient levels and temperature fluctuations found in the organism's natural habitat, the starvation state and viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state are of particular interest. a randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) pcr protocol was developed previously for the detection of v. vulnificus strains grown in rich media and has been applied to starved and vbnc cells of v. vulnif ...	1998	9687468
structure determination of the capsular polysaccharide from vibrio vulnificus strain 6353.	vibrio vulnificus is a pathogenic gram-negative bacterium, endemic to brackish waters, which is often isolated from sediments, from the water column or from shellfish. it is associated with wound infections and septicemia in humans and the virulence of v. vulnificus has been strongly associated with encapsulation. the capsular polysaccharide purified from a virulent strain of v. vulnificus 6353 did not show cross reactivity with antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide of a related pathogenic s ...	1998	9692929
endotoxin removal column containing polymyxin b immobilized fiber is useful for the treatment of the patient with vibrio vulnificus septicemia.	a case of primary septicemia due to vibrio vulnificus infection is reported. the patient was successfully treated with appropriate antibiotic therapy, drainage, and debridement of the necrotic tissues and direct hemoperfusion (dhp) using polymyxin b immobilized fiber (pmx-f). the effectiveness of dhp using pmx-f, which removes endotoxin in the circulating blood for the treatment of septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction occurring due to this fulminant infectious disease, is discussed.	1998	9702324