Publications

septic arthritis following arthroscopy: clinical syndromes and analysis of risk factors.	during a 4-year study of 4,256 knee arthroscopies, eighteen patients became infected (infection rate 0.42%). occurrence of infection was strongly associated with use of long-acting intraarticular intraoperative corticosteroids. infection was more common among patients with longer surgery operating times, increased numbers of procedures during surgery, prior procedures, and performance of chondroplasty or soft tissue debridement. subsequent to the study, the infection rate fell to 0.1%. twenty-fo ...	1992	1637435
purification and characterization of indolepyruvate decarboxylase. a novel enzyme for indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in enterobacter cloacae.	indolepyruvate decarboxylase, a key enzyme for indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis, was found in extracts of enterobacter cloacae. the enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of indole-3-pyruvic acid to yield indole-3-acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide. the enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity from escherichia coli cells harboring the genetic locus for this enzyme obtained from e. cloacae. the results of gel filtration experiments showed that indolepyruvate decarboxylase is a tetramer with an m(r ...	1992	1639814
use of ciprofloxacin in an infant with ventriculitis.	ciprofloxacin was used successfully in a neonate with ventriculitis caused by a multiply resistant strain of enterobacter cloacae. limited pharmacokinetic data indicated that adequate concentrations of drug could be attained in cerebrospinal fluid.	1992	1640304
beta-lactamase expression and cross-resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in a nosocomial population of enterobacter.	this study sought to quantitatively describe the spectrum of constitutive and inducible beta-lactamase activity present in a tertiary care center's population of enterobacter species. beta-lactamase activity in the absence and presence of 2 recognized beta-lactamase-inducing antibiotics, cefoxitin and imipenem, was measured. the enterobacter cloacae (n = 35) population was strikingly bimodal, expressing 'all-or-none' cross-resistance to beta-lactams (except imipenem) corresponding to the baselin ...	1992	1286572
exposure effects of netilmicin on enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates.	the effects of netilmicin exposure on two aminoglycoside (amg)-resistant and two amg-susceptible enterobacter cloacae isolates were studied. it was found that 1 h incubation of bacterial suspensions with netilmicin at 16 mg/l reduces the amounts of lipopolysaccharides present on the bacterial surface. also, netilmicin pretreatment increased both the susceptibility to normal human serum and the adhesion to human epithelial cells of all four e. cloacae strains examined.	1992	1288965
detection of ciprofloxacin resistance in gram-negative bacteria due to alterations in gyra.	two plasmids containing the cloned escherichia coli wild-type gyra gene were used to transform ciprofloxacin-resistant gram-negative clinical isolates to screen for dna gyrase a-mediated quinolone resistance. the results show that the technique is simple and applicable to a wide range of gram-negative species including e. coli, enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella aerogenes, morganella morganii, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, campylobacter jejuni and neisseria gonorrhoeae. the use of an ...	1992	1310671
detergent-shock response in enteric bacteria.	our work on bacterial detergent resistance started with the realization that bacteria growing in a sink full of soap must be resistant to the detergents in that soap. we chose sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds) as a model detergent and decided to see how much sds the bacterium growing in the sink could tolerate. the research program thus initiated has shown that bacteria such as enterobacter cloacae can grow in up to 25% sds and that sds-shock proteins constitute c. 8% of the proteins synthesized by ...	1992	1316532
plasmid profiles of acinetobacter and enterobacter species of hospital origin: restriction endonuclease analysis of plasmid dna and transformation of escherichia coli by r plasmids.	a total of 37 multi-resistant strains (20 acinetobacter calcoaceticus and 17 enterobacter cloacae) were isolated from patients of the intensive care units. all the isolates were examined for resistance to a battery of antimicrobial agents by the disk diffusion method. plasmid profiles and restriction endonuclease analysis of plasmid dna by ecor1 revealed the spread of one a. calcoaceticus and two e. cloacae endemic strains. transformation experiments on escherichia coli competent cells by three ...	1992	1321240
diversity of aminoglycoside resistance in enterobacter cloacae in greece.	ninety enterobacter cloacae strains isolated from 12 greek hospitals were examined in terms of epidemiological types and resistance mechanisms. using o serotyping 69% of the strains were assigned to a specific serotype and overall 16 different serotypes were identified. the combination of serotyping, phagetyping and biotyping efficiently discriminated most of the strains, indicating that single epidemic strains were not prevalent, although serotypes 3, 7, and group ii predominated. eight represe ...	1992	1327784
comparative in vitro activity of sparfloxacin (at 4140, rp 64206--spfx) against 275 multiresistant clinical isolates.	the in-vitro activity of sparfloxacin was compared with that of pefloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, ceftazidime, gentamicin and amikacin against 275 multiresistant nosocomial clinical isolates. they consisted of pseudomonas aeruginosa (37), enterobacter cloacae (42), acinetobacter anitratus (60), klebsiella pneumoniae (37) and staphylococcus sp (99). minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic90) and geometric mean mics for sparfloxacin were as follows (mg/l): p. aeruginosa 128-23.7, e. c ...	1992	1328554
epidemiological survey of genes encoding aminoglycoside phosphotransferases aph (3') i and aph (3') ii using dna probes.	the epidemiological survey of aph (3') i and aph (3') ii genes, at a time when the specific antibiotic pressure was very low, was carried out by dna-dna hybridization. the sample included 334 aminoglycoside resistant gram-negative bacteria collected from patients of a general hospital. of these, 251 hybridized with the aph (3') i-probe and 19 with the aph (3') ii-probe but only 190 strains showed high resistance levels (cim greater than 64 micrograms/ml) for kanamycin, neomycin and paromomycin. ...	1992	1328557
diffusion of beta-lactam antibiotics into proteoliposomes reconstituted with outer membranes of isogenic imipenem-susceptible and -resistant strains of enterobacter cloacae.	the influence of outer membrane (om) permeability on carbapenem susceptibility was studied in strains of enterobacter cloacae, a species in which carbapenem resistance depends upon the conjunction of overproduction of the chromosomal cephalosporinase and reduction of om permeability. relative trans-om diffusion rates were measured using the liposome swelling assay. proteoliposomes were reconstituted with om from the members of an isogenic set of e. cloacae strains, selected in vivo or in vitro, ...	1992	1336033
in vitro antibacterial activities of ticarcillin alone and ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid against beta-lactamase producing and non-producing microorganisms.	a total of 818 clinical bacterial isolates were tested for the production of beta-lactamase by rapid chromogenic cephalosporin method and for the susceptibility to ticarcillin alone and in combination with clavulanic acid (2 micrograms/ml) by agar dilution method. these included 83 strains of methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (mssa), 31 of methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa), 49 of neisseria gonorrhoeae, 58 of haemophilus influenzae, 112 of escherichia coli, 118 of klebsiella pneumo ...	1992	1342000
effects of azadirachtin on rhodnius prolixus: immunity and trypanosoma interaction.	the effects of azadirachtin, a tetranortriterpenoid from the neem tree azadirachta indica j., on both immunity and trypanosoma cruzi interaction within rhodnius prolixus and other triatomines, were presented. given through a blood meal, azadirachtin affected the immune reactivity as shown by a significant reduction in numbers of hemocytes and consequently nodule formation following challenge with enterobacter cloacae beta 12, reduction in ability to produce antibacterial activities in the hemoly ...	1992	1342719
retrospective 6-year study of enterobacter bacteraemia in a danish university hospital.	in order to study the epidemiology of invasive enterobacter infections, data from 53 consecutive cases of bacteraemia due to this organism were compared with data from 72 randomly selected cases of escherichia coli bacteraemia. the cases occurred among patients admitted to a danish university hospital over a 6-year period. forty-eight cases were due to enterobacter cloacae and five were due to ent. aerogenes. enterobacter bacteraemia was more often of nosocomial origin than e. coli bacteraemia a ...	1992	1348068
sepsis associated with transhepatic cholangiography.	a retrospective study was carried out of 74 elderly patients with obstructive jaundice undergoing percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (ptc) and/or percutaneous biliary drainage (pbd) in order to assess the effect of prophylactic antibiotics on the incidence of fever and sepsis complicating these procedures. seventeen patients underwent ptc alone, while 57 had both ptc and pbd. fifty-three patients had either primary or metastatic malignancy. in the other patients with benign disease, chole ...	1992	1348071
epidemiological role of arthropods detectable in health facilities.	a total of 161 arthropod specimens were collected from 55 sites in a health care facility during july and september 1990. of the 116 bacterial isolates obtained from their body surfaces 6% were from parasites (mosquitoes), 59% from eusynanthropic arthropods (tenebrionid beetles, flies, german cockroaches, wasps), 16% from hemisynanthropic arthropods (ants, spiders) and 19% from occasionally encountered insects (non-biting midges, moths, beetles). most (88%) of the isolated bacteria were gram-neg ...	1992	1350604
handwashing and disinfection of heavily contaminated hands--effective or ineffective?	hands are among the principal vehicles for transfer of nosocomial pathogens in hospitals. often, outbreaks of infection are thought to be caused by a lack of compliance with handwashing guidelines, rather than due to the inadequacy of the handwashing agents used. in this study the effectiveness of proper handwashing and the use of three different hand disinfectants: ethanol 70% (e), isopropanol 40% (i) and alcoholic chlorhexidine (70%) (ac) was compared using three volunteers whose fingertips we ...	1992	1351497
molecular analysis provides evidence for the endogenous origin of bacteremia and meningitis due to enterobacter cloacae in an infant.	we analyzed the restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of total dna and of ribosomal dna regions (ribotyping) to document the occurrence of endogenous, systemic bacteremia and meningitis due to enterobacter cloacae in a newborn. five strains of e. cloacae were isolated from this newborn. three of these strains were recovered from stool at counts of 10(8), 10(9), and 10(9) organisms/g of feces, respectively; one strain was isolated from blood; and one strain was isolated from cerebrospin ...	1992	1352150
rapid genotyping shows the absence of cross-contamination in enterobacter cloacae nosocomial infections.	restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (rflp) of total dna and rdna regions was used for the epidemiological evaluation of 10 enterobacter cloacae nosocomial isolates obtained from nine patients in our hospital. five of these patients were hospitalized during overlapping periods, thus raising the question of cross-contamination. a single biochemical pattern and antibiotic susceptibility profile was observed for all isolates but one. in contrast, based on the results of total dna and r ...	1992	1353097
characterization of the chromosomal aac(6')-ic gene from serratia marcescens.	the dna sequence of the chromosomal aac(6')-ic gene from serratia marcescens, which had been previously cloned (h. m. champion, p. m. bennett, d. a. lewis, and d. s. reeves, j. antimicrob. chemother. 22:587-596, 1988) was determined. high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of extracts prepared from escherichia coli carrying the chromosomal aac(6')-ic gene on a plasmid confirmed the presence of 6'-n-acetyltransferase activity in this strain, which was suggested by the aminoglycoside resista ...	1992	1354954
imipenem/cilastatin : a reappraisal of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy.	imipenem is an antibacterial agent of the carbapenem class of β-lactams, with a very broad spectrum of activity that includes most gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens, aerobes and anaerobes, and with marked activity against species producing β-lactamases. it is coadministered with cilastatin, a renal dehydropeptidase inhibitor that prevents renal metabolism of imipenem. as initial monotherapy, imipenem/cilastatin provides effective and well-tolerated treatment of moderate to severe infecti ...	1992	28634918
infections during a randomized trial comparing cyclosporine to fk 506 immunosuppression in liver transplantation.		1992	1371626
enterobacter cloacae cross-colonization in neonates demonstrated by ribotyping.	the intestinal colonization by enterobacter cloacae strains with a derepressed cephalosporinase was studied in a paediatric ward between february 1990 and january 1991. environmental sampling was performed simultaneously. fifty-two isolates were recovered from 200 neonates (stool, blood) and 14 strains were isolated from the neonatal environment. an epidemiological study based on the typing of 36 enterobacter cloacae isolates was carried out using antibiotyping, biotyping and ribotyping methods. ...	1993	8112352
serum bactericidal activity after administration of four cephalosporins in healthy volunteers.	serum bactericidal activity (sba) was determined against ten strains each of staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus vulgaris and enterobacter cloacae in six volunteers 1 h and 4 h after intravenous infusion of 1 g and 2 g cefotaxime and cefmenoxime, and 2 g flomoxef, and against ten strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa after infusion of 1 g and 2 g ceftazidime. flomoxef showed the highest sba against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus. all cephalosporins had high sba again ...	1993	8112358
epidemiological fingerprinting of enterobacter cloacae by small-fragment restriction endonuclease analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic restriction fragments.	a cluster of infections caused by enterobacter cloacae was observed among preterm neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) of a pediatric hospital in osnabrück, germany. the presence of similar antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among the bacterial isolates prompted an investigation to determine whether a limited spread of a single strain existed. all 12 e. cloacae isolates from the nicu and 50 nonrelated strains were fingerprinted by small-fragment restriction endonuclease analysis ...	1993	8093251
a comparative study of the numbers of bacteria present in enteral feeds prepared and administered in hospital and the home.	levels and types of bacterial contamination were compared in enteral feeds prepared and administered in hospital or in the home. samples of feed administered to children suffering from cystic fibrosis were collected for microbiological analysis immediately after preparation, immediately prior to use (unless administered after preparation) and at the end of feeding. no bacteria were detected in 51 (70%) of the 73 feeds sampled on the hospital ward, and in most of the remaining feeds viable counts ...	1993	8095947
the occurrence of inducible anti-escherichia coli activity in hemolymph from the migratory grasshopper, melanoplus sanguinipes.	1. inducible antibacterial activity against an escherichia coli strain has been shown to occur in the hemolymph of melanoplus sanguinipes. 2. this anti-e. coli activity was induced by the infection with serratia marcescens or e. coli k12 but not enterobacter cloacae. 3. the greatest anti-e. coli activity was observed in hemolymph extracted from grasshoppers 6 hr after the injection of any of the two species of bacteria. 4. anti-e. coli activity disappeared in hemolymph extracted from grasshopper ...	1993	8097445
the use of colonization rate and epidemic index as tools to illustrate the epidemiology of faecal enterobacteriaceae strains in swedish neonatal wards.	the epidemiology of faecal gram-negative bacteria was studied in 953 infants from 22 neonatal special care wards in swedish hospitals. two complementary methods to measure presumed nosocomial transmission of bacterial strains were used: the prevalence rate of major (m) phenotypes (strains that had colonized at least 10% of the infants in a particular ward) and the epidemic index (ei) (which measures the probability of isolating identical strains from different infants in a ward). about 1500 stra ...	1993	8099928
dna-based diagnostic tests for salmonella species targeting agfa, the structural gene for thin, aggregative fimbriae.	salmonella enteritidis 27655-3b and a few diarrheagenic escherichia coli strains produce morphologically and antigenically related, thin, aggregative fimbriae, collectively named gvvpq fimbriae (s. k. collinson, l. emödy, t. j. trust, and w. w. kay, j. bacteriol. 174:4490-4495, 1992). to determine whether gvvpq fimbriae are common to salmonella spp. and other enteropathogenic members of the family enterobacteriaceae, 113 isolates were phenotypically screened for congo red binding and aggregative ...	1993	8104955
transfer of plasmid rp4 from escherichia coli k-12 to indigenous bacteria of seawater.	transfer of plasmid rp4 from escherichia coli k-12 donor strain to bacteria isolated from seawater was shown to occur on filters and in sterile seawater incubated at 24 degrees c. ten of 12 seawater isolates tested were recipient active for rp4 when the plasmid transfers were assessed by filter matings. when matings were performed in sterile seawater, seven of the 12 isolates received rp4. in sterile seawater, the transfer of rp4 from e. coli to pseudomonads was more efficient than transfer betw ...	1993	8111533
[bacterial reducing qualities of copper-containing and non-copper-containing materials. i. contamination and sedimentation in humid and dry conditions].	in this examination the bactericide qualities of different materials were tested. particularly the effect of humidity was examined. 3 materials containing copper ("copper", "brass" and "brass sheet") and 2 materials not containing copper ("polyamide b" and "high-grade steel") were tested. the surfaces of the 5 types of material were contaminated with a suspension of 2 different bacteria species (staphylococcus aureus and micrococcus luteus). after defined exposure times the survival rate of the ...	1993	8117392
[restriction system--type ii modification in enterobacter cloacae strains].	various clinical strains of enterobacter cloacae have been examined for the presence of site-specific endonuclease activities. restriction endonucleases of class ii have been isolated from six strains. recognition sequences for all of these endonucleases were determined and the cleavage sites were identified for two of them. the enzymes prove to be isoschizomers of ecorii and psti. restriction endonucleases ecl2zi and ecl37ki recognise the nucleotide sequences ctga/g and are true isoschizomers o ...	1993	8289838
[monotherapy using amoxicillin/clavulanic acid as treatment of first choice in community-acquired lung abscess. apropos of 57 cases].	in a multicentre open prospective trial the effectiveness of am-ca as first-line treatment of community-acquired lung abscess was evaluated in immunocompetent adult patients. am-ca was administered intravenously in doses of 4 g/day for at least 7 days, then orally in doses of 2 g/day for at least 14 days. radio-clinical and laboratory evaluations were made during treatment, and 30 and 60 days after it was discontinued. the results of this trial concerned 57 patients (48 men, 9 women; mean age 52 ...	1993	8296141
evaluation of five different methods to prepare bacterial extracts for the identification of beta-lactamases by isoelectric focusing.	the x-press, osmotic shock, chloroform treatment, lysozyme treatment and ultrasonic disruption methods to release five different plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases from escherichia coli and one chromosomal beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae were compared. the main activities of tem-1, shv-1, oxa-1, oxa-2, pse-4 and chromosomal p99 beta-lactamases were found at the same isoelectric point irrespective of the method used. however, additional satellite bands were found with tem-1, oxa-1, oxa-2 a ...	1993	8144421
low-dosage cefepime as treatment for serious bacterial infections.	since infection develops in significant numbers of hospitalized patients, the problem of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins is of increasing concern. we evaluated the efficacy of cefepime 1 g bd as treatment for acute, moderately severe bacterial infection in 239 hospitalized patients (mean age 60 years). of these patients, 204 were evaluated clinically for urinary tract infection (uti) (n = 90), lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) (n = 70), skin and soft tissue infection (s/sti) ...	1993	8150755
a non-comparative, multicentre study of cefepime in the treatment of serious bacterial infections.	multi-resistant strains of gram-negative bacteria are rapidly emerging as a frequent cause of serious bacterial infection in the hospital environment. effective treatment must include an antibiotic with activity against these organisms. in an open multicentre study, cefepime was evaluated as empirical therapy in 156 hospitalized patients (mean age 57 years) with serious infection of the urinary tract (n = 43), lower respiratory tract (n = 101) and skin and soft tissue (n = 12). in 18 patients, s ...	1993	8150757
in-vitro activities of cefepime against enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, pseudomonas aeruginosa and other aerobic gram-negative bacilli.	infections caused by resistant bacterial pathogens such as citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens and pseudomonas aeruginosa have become an increasing problem with respect to therapy in large medical centres in korea. the mics of cefepime for aerobic gram-negative bacilli isolated during 1991, mostly from in-patients in a hospital in seoul, were determined by the agar dilution method and compared with those of several other antimicrobials. of the agents tested, cefepime ...	1993	8150765
in-vitro activity of cefepime and other antimicrobials: survey of european isolates.	cefepime, a new cephalosporin which has a broad-spectrum of activity was tested in vitro against 1961 gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates obtained from european hospitals. cefepime was highly active against gram-negative organisms, inhibiting over 94% of strains tested. the overall susceptibility rate for cefepime against all isolates was 81%. cefepime was more active than any of the third-generation cephalosporins tested against species capable of producing type i beta-lactamases, ...	1993	8150766
in-vitro antibacterial activity of cefepime: a multicentre study.	the antimicrobial activity of cefepime, a new broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin, was evaluated in vitro against 1757 recent clinical gram-positive and gram-negative isolates. cefepime was active at low concentrations (mic50 values < or = 0.06 mg/l and mic90 values < or = 0.12 mg/l) against non-cephalosporinase-producing enterobacteriaceae (escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, salmonella spp. and shigella spp.). for klebsiella pneumoniae, mics were between 0.016 and 16 mg/l; the highest mic ...	1993	8150767
multipoint identification of enterobacteriaceae: report of the british society for microbial technology collaborative study.	to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of multipoint identification schemes in a multicentre trial.	1993	8157751
[a clinical study of lomefloxacin on the patients with urinary tract infections--focused on lomefloxacin-induced photosensitivity reaction].	between april and october 1990, photosensitivity reactions were observed in 19 out of 338 patients who were administered lomefloxacin (lflx) for the treatment of urinary tract infections (uti) in our hospital. to certify the effectiveness and safety of lflx to uti, we carried out a controlled study with fixed dosages and durations. patients with acute uncomplicated uti and chronic complicated uti were enrolled and lflx dosages of 200 mg b.i.d. for 7 days and 14 days, respectively, were administe ...	1993	8213373
multicenter comparison of in vitro activities of fk-037, cefepime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefuroxime.	in a multicenter study, the mics of fk-037 for 90% of the strains tested (mic90s) were < or = 1 microgram/ml for members of the family enterobacteriaceae other than citrobacter freundii, enterobacter spp., and serratia marcescens. activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa was variable, with a mic50 and a mic90 of 4 and 32 micrograms/ml, respectively. relative to cefepime, however, fk-037 was less active against ceftazidime-resistant isolates of enterobacter cloacae. the mic90 of fk-037 for methici ...	1993	8215286
early bacterial infections in lung transplant recipients.	early bacterial pulmonary infections within 2 weeks after lung transplantation were studied in 29 patients undergoing surgery between december 1989 and may 1992. suspected pulmonary infections occurred in 11 patients (38 percent). the most common bacterial organisms isolated were klebsiella pneumoniae (45 percent; 5/11), pseudomonas aeruginosa (36 percent; 4/11), escherichia coli (27 percent; 3/11), staphylococcus aureus (18 percent; 2/11), and enterobacter cloacae (18 percent; 2/11). the mortal ...	1993	8222797
investigation of cell envelope damage to pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacter cloacae by dibromopropamidine isethionate.	electron micrographs of log-phase pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacter cloacae cultured for 4 h in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of dibromopropamidine isethionate indicate that this antibacterial agent can cause marked damage to the cell envelope structures of both species. this result provides an explanation of how dibromopropamidine can enhance the uptake and thus the activity of a second antibacterial agent used in combination with it.	1993	8229701
ampg, a signal transducer in chromosomal beta-lactamase induction.	the chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase in citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae is inducible by beta-lactam antibiotics. when an inducible ampc gene is introduced on a plasmid into escherichia coli together with its transcriptional regulator ampr, the plasmid-borne beta-lactamase is still inducible. we have isolated mutants, containing alterations in a novel e. coli gene, ampg, in which a cloned c. freundii ampc gene is unable to respond to beta-lactam inducers. the ampg gene was cloned, se ...	1993	8231804
an outbreak of gram-negative bacteremia traced to contaminated o-rings in reprocessed dialyzers.	to investigate an outbreak of gram-negative bacteremia in an outpatient hemodialysis unit and to identify the source of contaminating bacteria and the route by which bacteria gained access to the bloodstream.	1993	8239225
endophthalmitis caused by enterobacter cloacae.	cataract extraction with placement of intraocular lenses is the most common intraocular procedure done today, with endophthalmitis as its most devastating complication. to our knowledge, this is only the third reported case of postoperative endophthalmitis caused by the gram-negative bacillus, enterobacter cloacae. the course of infection, the treatment, and the laboratory identification of this organism are presented. it is important to add this proven case of gram-negative endophthalmitis to o ...	1993	8239327
ex vivo pharmacodynamic study of piperacillin alone and in combination with tazobactam, compared with ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid.	ten volunteers received piperacillin (4 g), piperacillin (4 g) plus tazobactam (0.5 g) (tazocin), and ticarcillin (3 g) plus clavulanic acid (0.2 g) (timentin) intravenously over 30 min in a cross-over blinded scheme. blood samples were obtained 0.5 and 3 h after the end of infusion to measure by (high-pressure liquid chromatography) the concentration and bactericidal titers against 70 gram-negative bacilli. serum time-kill curves were done against 35 strains to measure killing rates and area un ...	1993	8239597
enterobacter cloacae vertebral infection in a heroin addict with hiv infection.		1993	8239768
the north american component (the united states and canada) of an international comparative mic trial monitoring ofloxacin resistance.	common lots of reference mic (minimum inhibitory concentration) method reagents were used to monitor ofloxacin, a newer fluoroquinolone, and 13 other drugs against 3200 recent clinical isolates in february-april 1992. five medical centers in the united states and canada contributed 640 strains per facility as follows: escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, klebsiella spp., and pseudomonas aeruginosa (100 strains each); streptococcus pneumoniae (40 strains); an ...	1993	8243037
induction kinetics of immune antibacterial proteins in pupae of galleria mellonella and pieris brassicae.	1. pupae of galleria mellonella and pieris brassicae given an injection with live, non-pathogenic enterobacter cloacae or abiotic foreign molecules induce an acquired immunity that corresponds with the synthesis of haemolymph proteins of antibacterial activity. 2. this humoral defensive response which persists for several days, differs quantitatively between insect species and between the inducers used, although very different foreign bodies induced the same immune proteins in both lepidopteran ...	1993	8243062
evolution of an enzyme activity: crystallographic structure at 2-a resolution of cephalosporinase from the ampc gene of enterobacter cloacae p99 and comparison with a class a penicillinase.	the structure of the class c ampc beta-lactamase (cephalosporinase) from enterobacter cloacae strain p99 has been established by x-ray crystallography to 2-a resolution and compared to a class a beta-lactamase (penicillinase) structure. the binding site for beta-lactam (penicillinase) structure. the binding site for beta-lactam antibiotics is generally more open than that in penicillinases, in agreement with the ability of the class c beta-lactamases to better bind third-generation cephalosporin ...	1993	8248237
cluster of enterobacter cloacae pseudobacteremias associated with use of an agar slant blood culturing system.	from 1 february through 12 october 1990, 27 blood cultures processed at shiprock hospital were positive for enterobacter cloacae; only 3 had been reported in the preceding 12 months. twenty (74%) of the cultures were obtained from patients without clinical evidence of gram-negative septicemia. the increase in e. cloacae-positive blood cultures was temporally associated with the introduction of a new blood culturing system. to evaluate potential risk factors for an e. cloacae-positive blood cultu ...	1993	8253954
female genital tract abscess formation in the rat. use of pathogens including enterococci.	previous animal experiments utilizing bowel flora have demonstrated synergy between various aerobes and anaerobes in the formation of intraabdominal abscesses. in these experiments, human female genital tract isolates were inserted into the abdominal and pelvic cavities of 151 female sprague-dawley rats. inoculation with any single species of organism--streptococcus faecalis, enterobacter cloacae or bacteroides bivius or a combination of two facultative organisms (s faecalis plus e cloacae)--did ...	1993	8254596
analysis of the aac(3)-via gene encoding a novel 3-n-acetyltransferase.	biochemical analysis (g. a. papanicolaou, r. s. hare, r. mierzwa, and g. h. miller, abstr. 152, program abstr. 29th intersci. conf. antimicrob. agents chemother., 1989) demonstrated the presence of a novel 3-n-acetyltransferase in enterobacter cloacae 88020217. this organism was resistant to gentamicin, and the mic of 2'-n-ethylnetilmicin for it was fourfold lower than that of 6'-n-ethylnetilmicin, a resistance pattern which suggested 2'-acetylating activity. however, high-pressure liquid chroma ...	1993	8257126
pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal titers of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin following multiple oral doses in healthy volunteers.	fourteen adult males participated in a randomized three-way crossover study to compare the pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal titers (sbts) of 500 mg of ciprofloxacin (regimen a), 750 mg of ciprofloxacin (regimen b), and 400 mg of ofloxacin (regimen c) administered every 12 h for seven doses. mean steady-state peak concentrations in serum for regimens a, b, and c were 3.0, 4.4, and 6.5 micrograms/ml, respectively (p < 0.01, all comparisons) and mean half-lives were 4.5, 4.3, and 6.5 h, resp ...	1993	8257144
structure-activity relationships in the inhibition of serine beta-lactamases by phosphonic acid derivatives.	a new series of phosphonyl derivatives has been prepared and tested for inhibition of serine (classes a and c) beta-lactamases. the results were compared with those previously acquired with aryl phosphonate monoesters and with alkaline hydrolysis rates. a methyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate monoanion was markedly poorer as an inhibitor of the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99 than a comparable p-nitrophenyl phosphonate. phosphonyl fluorides, thiophenyl esters, n-phenylphosphonamidate ...	1993	8257429
antitumor activities of a cephalosporin prodrug in combination with monoclonal antibody-beta-lactamase conjugates.	7-(phenylacetamido)cephalosporin mustard (cm) and 7-(4-carboxybutanamido)cephalosporin mustard (ccm) were developed as anticancer prodrugs that could be activated site selectively by monoclonal antibody-beta-lactamase conjugates targeted to antigens present on tumor cell surfaces. both cm and ccm were hydrolyzed by purified beta-lactamases from escherichia coli (ec beta l), bacillus cereus (bc beta l), and enterobacter cloacae (ecl beta l). this resulted in the release of phenylenediamine mustar ...	1993	8274516
phospholipid impregnation of abdominal rubber drains: resistance to bacterial adherence but no effect on drain-induced bacterial translocation.	in order to evaluate the effect of surface modification of biomaterials on bacterial adherence and bacterial translocation after intraperitoneal biomaterial implantation, phosphatidylcholine- or phosphatidylinositol-impregnated rubber drain pieces, which had been intraperitoneally implanted in the rat for 2 and 7 days, or unimplanted, were incubated in vitro with 3h-labelled escherichia coli and enterobacter cloacae. as compared with unimpregnated pieces, the adherence of bacteria significantly ...	1993	8278675
evidence that the reaction of the udp-n-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase proceeds through the o-phosphothioketal of pyruvic acid bound to cys115 of the enzyme.	the enzyme udp-n-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase (enolpyruvyltransferase, ec 2.5.1.7) catalyses the transfer of the intact 1-carboxyvinyl moiety of phosphoenolpyruvate to the 3'-hydroxyl group of the glucosamine moiety of udp-(2')-n-acetylglucosamine with the concomitant release of inorganic phosphate, the first committed step in the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan. overexpression of the enzyme from enterobacter cloacae in escherichia coli allowed the isolation ...	1993	8281938
piperacillin versus cefazolin given perioperatively to high-risk patients who undergo open cholecystectomy: a double-blind, randomized trial.	to study the efficacy, microbiologic features and toxicity of prophylactic cefazolin versus prophylactic piperacillin in high-risk patients who undergo open cholecystectomy.	1993	8324671
role of the integument in insect immunity: epicuticular abrasion and induction of cecropin synthesis in cuticular epithelial cells.	when the epicuticle of a silkworm larva, bombyx mori, was lightly abraded in the presence of live bacillus licheniformis, enterobacter cloacae, or bacterial cell wall components, cecropin mrnas were detected in the underlying epithelial cells and in fat body cells remote from the abraded area. antibacterial activity due to cecropin was detected in the matrix of the lightly abraded cuticle but not in nonabraded portions of the cuticular matrix or in the hemolymph surrounding the fat body, unless ...	1993	8327509
identification of a novel plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase with chromosomal cephalosporinase characteristics from klebsiella pneumoniae.	a clinical isolate of klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to a wide variety of beta-lactams, including third generation cephalosporins, aztreonam and cephamycins, as well as to beta-lactam/clavulanate and sulbactam combinations was examined. it was found that this resistance was transmissible to escherichia coli recipients via a small 5.3 mda plasmid encoding for an unusual beta-lactamase produced in relatively large quantities. the enzyme, designated lat-1, exhibited a highly basic isoelectric poin ...	1993	8335495
emergence of antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bacilli causing bacteremia during therapy.	treatment of serious infections caused by gram-negative bacilli with beta-lactam antimicrobial agents can induce class i beta-lactamase production. this phenomenon can result in resistant microorganisms, and has been postulated to be a cause of therapeutic failure. the charts of patients bacteremic with pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcescens, enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, proteus vulgaris, and providencia species (n = 120) during a 3-year period were reviewed to determine how ...	1993	8346736
emergence of resistance to imipenem in enterobacter isolates masquerading as klebsiella pneumoniae during therapy with imipenem/cilastatin.	clinical isolates identified as klebsiella pneumoniae by the vitek, enterotube ii, and api 20e systems were recovered from a patient undergoing therapy with imipenem/cilastatin. these isolates were resistant to multiple beta-lactam agents, and some were even resistant to imipenem. analysis revealed a bush group 1 beta-lactamase, and imipenem resistance corresponded to the loss of outer-membrane proteins in strains expressing high levels of this beta-lactamase. further characterization efforts yi ...	1993	8353231
infection and antibiotic therapy in 4000 burned patients treated in milan, italy, between 1976 and 1988.	the pathogenic flora, isolated from burn wounds of patients admitted to a burn care unit during the years between 1976 and 1988 were typed and the in vitro susceptibility to antibacterial agents was recorded. between 1976 and 1988 the general therapeutic approach was changed three times, in congruence with the prevalent nosocomial bacterial resistance. the most frequent isolates were: pseud. aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus spp., proteus mirabilis, escherichia coli, enterobacter c ...	1993	8357483
a two-part energy burden imposed by growth of enterobacter cloacae and escherichia coli in sodium dodecyl sulfate.	enterobacter cloacae, like most enteric bacteria, can grow in the presence of 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds). the bacteria tolerate the detergent and do not metabolize it. in a defined glucose-salts medium the growth rate remained unchanged (g = 55 min) as the detergent concentration was increased from 0 to 10% sds. however, growth in sds exhibited a two-part energy dependence. in part 1, the sds-grown cells underwent rapid lysis when they ran out of energy. cells that had entered stationary p ...	1993	8358668
bacterial flora detected of the uterine endometrial cavity of diabetic patients with myoma uteri.	patients with diabetes frequently suffer from various postoperative complications, especially infection. diabetic patients also have a high incidence of uterine endometrial cancer. the nature of the intrauterine bacterial flora may be related to both infection and carcinogenesis. therefore, identification of the intrauterine bacterial flora in diabetic patients may be useful. bacteria were detected in the uterine endometrial cavity of 100% of ten diabetic patients with myoma uteri. however, amon ...	1993	8360520
[a nationwide survey of antimicrobial susceptibilities of clinical isolates to antibiotics in japan (1988-1990)].	this study was conducted to investigate susceptibilities of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents at 149 hospitals throughout japan from september to december in both 1989 and 1990. in this study, identifications and susceptibility testings were carried out at each hospital laboratory. the susceptibility testings were performed according to the disk diffusion method recommended by nccls. staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci showed high or moderate resistance rates to be ...	1993	8360981
in vitro antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of cp-70,429 a new penem antibiotic.	in in vitro susceptibility tests, the new penem cp-70,429 showed potent antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria except pseudomonas aeruginosa and xanthomonas maltophilia. cp-70,429 was stable to various types of beta-lactamases except for the enzyme from x. maltophilia and was 16- to 128-fold more active than the other compounds against beta-lactamase-producing strains of enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii.	1993	8363389
resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in barbados.	resistance to third-generation, or extended-spectrum, cephalosporins caused by induction of class i beta-lactamases has been reported rarely from developing countries. seven isolates of cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative rods were recovered recently from urine, burns and ulcers in the queen elizabeth hospital, barbados. the isolates were identified as acinetobacter calcoaceticus (2), citrobacter freundii (1), enterobacter cloacae (1), morganella morganii (1), providencia stuartii (1) and prot ...	1993	8367967
in vitro experiments on catheter-related infections due to gram-negative rods.	although many complications may arise with the use of central venous catheters, catheter-related bacteremia is considered to be the most serious complication. microflora on the patient's skin (coagulase-negative staphylococci, staphylococcus aureus) is thought to represent the major source of microorganisms causing catheter-related infections. gram-negative rods are increasingly observed as causative agents. we therefore performed an in vitro study to elucidate the pathogenesis of polymer-associ ...	1993	8370325
controlled clinical comparison of two lysis-based blood culture systems, isolator and septi-chek release, for detection of bloodstream infections.	a controlled clinical comparison was made of the isolator (wampole laboratories, cranbury, n.j.) and the septi-chek release bottle (roche diagnostics, nutley, n.j.). from 6,345 blood culture sets fulfilling minimum criteria for volume of blood cultured, 840 strains were isolated, of which only 691 (82%) were considered to be representative of bloodstream infection according to centers for disease control definitions. statistically significant differences were found between the systems for the fo ...	1993	8370739
further observations on the induction of immunity by hemolymph transfer in galleria mellonella.	humoral immune responses of galleria mellonella larvae were provoked by transfer of hemolymph lysate supernatant preparations (hls) from untreated donor larvae to recipient larvae. eighteen hours after transfer the antibacterial activity in cell-free hemolymph of recipient larvae was as high as after injection of high dosages of living enterobacter cloacae beta 12 bacteria. filtration of hls (fhls; 0.2 microns filter) prior to injection enhanced its induction capacity. injection of fhls concentr ...	1993	8375564
evaluation of a commercial dna purification system for plasmid analysis of nosocomial bacterial pathogens.	this study evaluated the promega magic minipreps (mm) (promega corporation, madison, wi) dna purification system for use in plasmid analysis of common nosocomial bacterial pathogens. the mm system is a kit that includes lysis solutions and buffers and incorporates a minicolumn of dna binding resin for recovery of plasmid dna. the mm system was used according to the manufacturer's directions to recover plasmids for agarose gel electrophoresis from clinical isolates of acinetobacter calcoaceticus, ...	1993	8379541
sequences of wild-type and mutant ampd genes of citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae.	the ampd gene product regulates the expression of ampc beta-lactamase in gram-negative bacteria and is proposed to be involved in peptidoglycan metabolism. in this study, we sequenced the ampd wild type and three mutant genes of enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. they exhibited a high degree of homology with the corresponding gene of escherichia coli except in the carboxy termini, where, in the wild-type genes of e. cloacae and c. freundii, four additional amino acids yielding the se ...	1993	8383940
comparative antimicrobial activity of lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enoxacin against > 500 bacterial isolates.	an agar dilution technique was used to compare the antimicrobial activities of lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enoxacin against 544 strains of bacterial isolates. among the five quinolone agents tested, ciprofloxacin was the most active. enoxacin was the most active after ciprofloxacin against escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, proteus mirabilis, shigella spp., yersinia enterocolitica, and haemophilus influenzae with an mic90 of < or = 0.25 micrograms/ml. ofloxacin ...	1993	8396196
kinetics and mechanism of beta-lactamase inhibition by phosphonamidates: the quest for a proton.	four phosphonamidates were synthesized as potential beta-lactamase inhibitors. three were methanephosphonamidates [ch3po2-nhr/ar, where r/ar = 4-methoxybenzyl (3a), phenyl (3b), and m-nitrophenyl (3c)], while the fourth, phch2oconhch2po2-nhph (2a), also contained a beta-lactamase active site-directed amido side chain. the ph-rate profiles for the hydrolyses of these compounds in the absence of enzyme demonstrated the necessity of nitrogen protonation in the transition state; the reactive neutral ...	1993	8399224
onset of life-threatening ventriculitis during ceftazidime therapy for nosocomial pneumonia due to enterobacter cloacae.		1993	8399893
antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of unripe papaya.	the meat, seed and pulp of carica papaya linn., a popular traditional medicinal herb grown in the tropics, was shown by the agar-cup method to be bacteriostatic against several enteropathogens such as bacillus subtilis, enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, staphylococcus aureus, proteus vulgaris, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and klebsiella pneumoniae. the same parts of papaya were unequivocably demonstrated by electron spin resonance spectrometry to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl ...	1993	8412504
gas gangrene in a pediatric liver transplant due to infection by enterobacter cloacae.		1993	8414771
an electronmicroscope study of the effect of sulphadiazine and trimethoprim on enterobacter cloacae.	electronmicroscopy of thin sections of log phase cells of enterobacter cloacae nctc 10005 grown for 4 h in the presence of sulphadiazine 250 micrograms/ml, trimethoprim 12.5 microliters/ml or the combination of sulphadiazine 250 micrograms/ml plus trimethoprim 12.5 micrograms/ml indicated that both agents caused marked morphological damage even though the mic of sulphadiazine for the e. cloacae strain was > 3000 micrograms/ml. the damage took the form of electron-transparent areas devoid of ribo ...	1993	8418297
in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of e1077, a novel parenteral cephalosporin.	e1077, a new injectable cephalosporin with a broad antibacterial spectrum and potent antibacterial activity, was evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities in comparison with those of cefpirome, cefuzonam, ceftazidime, and cefotaxime. e1077 showed broad in vitro antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, e1077 was as active as cefpirome; the mic for 90% of strains tested (mic90) was 1.0 micr ...	1993	8431019
effect of ampicillin versus cefuroxime on the emergence of beta-lactam resistance in faecal enterobacter cloacae isolates from neonates.	enterobacter cloacae strains dominated the aerobic faecal flora of 8.3% of 953 infants discharged from 32 swedish neonatal intensive care units and the susceptibility of these strains to seven beta-lactam antibiotics was determined. isolates from infants treated with cefuroxime showed slightly increased mics only to ampicillin, cephalexin and cephalothin as compared to isolates from untreated infants matched for ward and time of sampling (p = 0.02). in contrast, e. cloacae isolates from ampicill ...	1993	8444655
peptidoglycan tripeptide content and cross-linking are altered in enterobacter cloacae induced to produce ampc beta-lactamase by glycine and d-amino acids.	induction of ampc beta-lactamase in enterobacter cloacae atcc 13047 by d-methionine, glycine, or d-tryptophan was accompanied by alterations in peptidoglycan composition and structure; in the case of d-methionine, it was also accompanied by morphologic changes. a decrease in peptidoglycan tripeptides was seen. with glycine, there was an increase in the proportion of diaminopimelic-diaminopimelic cross-links. the possible implications of these changes for beta-lactamase induction are discussed.	1993	8444815
determinants of the activity of beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations.	inhibitor combinations provide one strategy to overcome beta-lactamase-mediated resistance. their success depends, obviously, on the inhibitor being able to bind and inactivate the beta-lactamase molecules. clavulanate, sulbactam and tazobactam are irreversible inactivators of many beta-lactamases, forming covalent complexes which resist hydrolysis. 'suicide' kinetics are seen with some, but not all, enzymes. all three compounds inactivate staphylococcal penicillinase, the chromosomal beta-lacta ...	1993	8449836
[a case of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with ascites caused by hypoproteinemia after a massive bleeding from a gastric ulcer].	a case of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (sbp) developed in an old man whose ascitic fluid was related neither to portal hypertension nor nephrotic syndrome, but with severe hypoalbuminemia emerged after a massive bleeding from a gastric ulcer in a malnutrition state. ascitic fluid, increasing day by day, yielded enterobacter cloacae and bacteroides fragilis. though autopsy was not carried out because of refusal of his family, neither liver necropsy, nor abdominal ct scan nor repeated abdomin ...	1993	8450277
decimal assay for additivity of drugs permits delineation of synergy and antagonism.	although there are many in vitro tests for drug interactions, few possess a linear, predictable dose-dependent end point or have a precise definition for additivity. therefore, a new test with both of these features, the decimal assay for additivity, was developed. this test is based on a disk diffusion assay and the strict linear relationship between drug mass and size of the inhibition zone. when the decimal assay for additivity was applied to combinations known on a mechanistic basis to be ad ...	1993	8452356
effects on cell morphology of growing pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae and staphylococcus aureus in subinhibitory concentrations of p-aminobenzoic acid.	light microscopy and electron microscopy studies with enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus grown in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of p-aminobenzoic acid indicate that p-aminobenzoic acid may have a direct or indirect effect on the cell walls. the morphological effects of p-aminobenzoic acid varied with different bacterial species. e. cloacae grown in the presence of p-aminobenzoic acid produced filaments while p. aeruginosa cells were elongated an ...	1993	8459778
in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of fk-037, a parenteral cephalosporin.	the in vitro activity of fk-037, 5-amino-2-[[(6r, 7r)-7-[[(z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2- methoxyimino) acetyl] amino]-2-carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1- azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-3-yl]methyl]-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1h-pyrazoli um hydroxide, inner salt, sulfate (1:1), a new parenteral cephem, was compared with those of cefepime, ceftazidime, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin. fk-037 inhibited methicillin-susceptible staphylocci at < or = 4 micrograms/ml. of 98 isolates of homogenous methicillin-resistant staphyloco ...	1993	8460925
bacterial load of cockroaches in relation to urban environment.	sanitation is an important problem in relation to the control of pests in urban environments. this investigation analysed the potential risk related to the presence of cockroaches and their capacity for disseminating bacteria in six different types of buildings: hospital nursing area and out-patient area, swimming-pool pool-side and toilet area, low-income flats and food-handling places. fifty-six species of bacteria were identified from 157 samples, 14 of these have previously been reported as ...	1993	8472775
effect of antibiotics on endotoxin release from gram-negative bacteria.	antibiotics may inhibit bacterial growth or may kill bacteria by inhibiting cell wall synthesis or protein synthesis. the amount of endotoxin released during antibiotic action has been found to be clinically important. nine antibiotics, representing seven classes, were studied for the amounts of endotoxin released during their action on susceptible strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. staphylococcus aureus, which produces no endoto ...	1993	8477572
importance of beta-lactamase induction.	induction of an enzyme is a temporary phenomenon in which the rate of enzyme synthesis is greatly increased in response to the presence of an inducer in the environment. induction of beta-lactamase synthesis is important for the resistance of staphylococci to penicillins since the drug both induces synthesis of the enzyme and is hydrolysed by it. similarly, some compounds both strongly induce and are hydrolysed by the chromosomally-determined beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacilli (e.g. amoxic ...	1993	8477758
comparison of chemical assay, bioassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and dot blot hybridization for detection of aerobactin in members of the family enterobacteriaceae.	in order to determine the best strategy for detection of aerobactin in members of the family enterobacteriaceae, we compared the results of three phenotypic assays, including a chemical assay, a cross-feeding bioassay, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), with the results of a dot blot hybridization assay using a specific probe for the aerobactin genes. the sensitivity and specificity of the elisa were better than those of the chemical and cross-feeding assays, but the results of do ...	1993	8481015
the pseudomonas cepacia 249 chromosomal penicillinase is a member of the ampc family of chromosomal beta-lactamases.	pseudomonas cepacia 249 produces an inducible beta-lactamase with penicillinase activity. the nucleotide sequence of the pena gene, which encodes this beta-lactamase, was determined and found to include regions with a significant homology to the ampc-encoded beta-lactamases of members of the family enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa. the predicted amino acid sequence of the pena beta-lactamase contained 17 amino acids immediately preceding the putative active-site serine which were hi ...	1993	8494361
single-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of ha-1a, a human igm anti-lipid-a monoclonal antibody, in pediatric patients with sepsis syndrome.	the pharmacokinetics and safety of ha-1a (nebacumab), a human igm monoclonal antibody with specificity for the lipid a region of endotoxin, were evaluated in a multicenter trial of pediatric patients with sepsis syndrome or septic shock. forty-two patients received a total of 44 infusions of drug, at a dose of 3 mg/kg (maximum 100 mg). the mean age was 7 years 10 months (range, 11 months to 16 years 7 months). the pharmacokinetic behavior of ha-1a during 36 hours was best described by a one-comp ...	1993	8501580
a dramatic change in the rate-limiting step of beta-lactam hydrolysis results from the substitution of the active-site serine residue by a cysteine in the class-c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae 908r.	a cysteine residue has been substituted for the active-site serine of the class-c beta-lactamase produced by enterobacter cloacae 908r by site-directed mutagenesis. the modified protein exhibited drastically reduced kcat./km values on all tested substrates. however, this decrease was due to increased km values with some substrates and to decreased kcat. values with others. these apparently contradictory results could be explained by a selective influence of the mutation on the first-order rate c ...	1993	8503887
[chemotherapy with imipenem/cilastatin for severe infections accompanied by malignant hematological disorders].	the clinical and bacteriological efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin (ipm/cs) was evaluated in 30 cases of serious infections associated with hematological malignancies. 1. among 28 evaluable cases, excellent efficacy was obtained in 6 cases and good effectiveness in 10 cases, resulting in a high clinical efficacy rate (57.1%). the clinical effectiveness of ipm/cs was not dependent on neutrophil count in peripheral blood. a 53.8% efficacy rate was observed in 26 cases which had received pretreatment ...	1993	8510323
focused microbiologic surveillance by specific hospital unit: practical application and clinical utility.	focused microbiologic surveillance by specific hospital intensive care units (icus) revealed important differences in the occurrence of pathogens among units and at different times. moreover, there were striking differences between the antibiogram summaries from certain icus and those from the hospital as a whole. accordingly, an ongoing focused microbiologic surveillance was conducted for hospital icus to define unit-specific problems more clearly. to apply these data practically, results of fo ...	1993	8513456