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a comparison of enzymatic phosphorylation and phosphatidylation of beta-l- and beta-d-nucleosides.enzymatic 5'-monophosphorylation and 5'-phosphatidylation of a number of beta-l- and beta-d-nucleosides was investigated. the first reaction, catalyzed by nucleoside phosphotransferase (npt) from erwinia herbicola, consisted of the transfer of the phosphate residue from p-nitrophenylphosphate (p-npp) to the 5'-hydroxyl group of nucleoside; the second was the phospholipase d (pld)-catalyzed transphosphatidylation of l-alpha-lecithin with a series of beta-l- and beta-d-nucleosides as the phosphati ...200717206374
using bacteria to express and display anti-plasmodium molecules in the mosquito midgut.bacteria capable of colonizing mosquito midguts are attractive vehicles for delivering anti-malaria molecules. we genetically engineered escherichia coli to display two anti-plasmodium effector molecules, sm1 and phospholipase-a(2), on their outer membrane. both molecules significantly inhibited plasmodium berghei development when engineered bacteria were fed to mosquitoes 24h prior to an infective bloodmeal (sm1=41%, pla2=23%). furthermore, prevalence and numbers of engineered bacteria increase ...200717224154
engineering the halophilic bacterium halomonas elongata to produce beta-carotene.engineering halophilic bacteria to produce carotenoids is a subject of great scientific and commercial interest, as carotenoids are desirable products used as additives and colorants in the food industry, with beta-carotene the most prominent. with this target, we expressed the beta-carotene biosynthetic genes crte, crty, crti, and crtb from pantoea agglomerans and the cdna encoding isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase from haematococcus pluvialis in the halophilic bacterium halomonas elongata ob ...200717899066
diversity of cultivated endophytic bacteria from sugarcane: genetic and biochemical characterization of burkholderia cepacia complex isolates.bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere and from inside the roots and stems of sugarcane plants grown in the field in brazil. endophytic bacteria were found in both the roots and the stems of sugarcane plants, with a significantly higher density in the roots. many of the cultivated endophytic bacteria were shown to produce the plant growth hormone indoleacetic acid, and this trait was more frequently found among bacteria from the stem. 16s rrna gene sequence analysis revealed that the select ...200717905875
the effect of micro-architectural structure of cabbage substratum and or background bacterial flora on the growth of listeria monocytogenes.the effect of micro-architectural structure of cabbage (brassica oleracea var. capitata l.) substratum and or background bacterial flora on the growth of listeria monocytogenes as a function of incubation temperature was investigated. a cocktail mixture of pseudomonas fluorescens, pantoea agglomerans and lactobacillus plantarum was constituted to a population density of approximately 5 log cfu/ml in order to pseudo-simulate background bacterial flora of fresh-cut cabbage. this mixture was co-ino ...200717910986
distribution and replication of the pathogenicity plasmid ppath in diverse populations of the gall-forming bacterium pantoea agglomerans.pantoea agglomerans has been transformed from a commensal bacterium into two related gall-forming pathovars by acquisition of ppath plasmids containing a pathogenicity island (pai). this pai harbors an hrp/hrc gene cluster, type iii effectors, and phytohormone biosynthetic genes. dna typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed two major groups of p. agglomerans pv. gypsophilae and one group of p. agglomerans pv. betae. the ppath plasmids of the different groups had nearly identical repli ...200717921271
the second enzyme in pyrrolnitrin biosynthetic pathway is related to the heme-dependent dioxygenase superfamily.pyrrolnitrin is a commonly used and clinically effective treatment for fungal infections and provides the structural basis for the more widely used fludioxinil. the pyrrolnitrin biosynthetic pathway consists of four chemical steps, the second of which is the rearrangement of 7-chloro-tryptophan by the enzyme prnb, a reaction that is so far unprecedented in biochemistry. when expressed in pseudomonas fluorescens, prnb is red in color due to the fact that it contains 1 mol of heme b per mole of pr ...200717924666
lidar detection algorithm for time and range anomalies.a new detection algorithm for lidar applications has been developed. the detection is based on hyperspectral anomaly detection that is implemented for time anomaly where the question "is a target (aerosol cloud) present at range r within time t(1) to t(2)" is addressed, and for range anomaly where the question "is a target present at time t within ranges r(1) and r(2)" is addressed. a detection score significantly different in magnitude from the detection scores for background measurements sugge ...200717932542
lipopolysaccharide induces delayed fosb/deltafosb immunostaining within the mouse extended amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus, that parallel the expression of depressive-like behavior.proinflammatory cytokines induce both sickness behavior and depression, but their respective neurobiological correlates are still poorly understood. the aim of the present study was therefore to identify in mice the neural substrates of sickness and depressive-like behavior induced by lipopolysaccharide (lps, 830 microg/kg, intraperitoneal). lps-induced depressive-like behavior was dissociated from lps-induced sickness by testing mice either at 6 h (at which time sickness was expected to be maxi ...200717482371
characterization of the zinc-containing metalloprotease encoded by zpx and development of a species-specific detection method for enterobacter sakazakii.enterobacter sakazakii causes a severe form of neonatal meningitis that occurs as sporadic cases as well as outbreaks. the disease has been epidemiologically associated with consumption of reconstituted, dried infant formulas. very little information is available regarding pathogenicity of the organism and production of virulence factors. clinical and environmental strains were screened for production of factors which have activity against chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells in tissue culture. pol ...200717483271
increased beta-carotene production in recombinant escherichia coli harboring an engineered isoprenoid precursor pathway with mevalonate addition.when pt-lycm4 containing lycopene synthetic genes was co-transformed with psucrty or pshcrty containing crty gene of pantoea ananatis (p. ananatis) or pantoea agglomerans (p. agglomerans), beta-carotene productions of 36 and 35 mg/l were obtained, respectively. no lycopene was detected in the beta-carotene production culture. pt-hb, constructed by addition of p. ananatis crty gene into pt-lycm4, was used for co-transformation with psdxs and pssn12didi, which increased isopentenyl diphosphate and ...200717500531
characterization of the cultivable microbiota of sprouts and their potential for application as protective cultures.the microbiota of ten seeds and ready-to-eat sprouts produced thereof was characterized by bacteriological culture and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) of amplified dna fragments of the 16s rrna gene. the predominant bacterial biota of hydroponically grown sprouts mainly consisted of enterobacteria, pseudomonades and lactic acid bacteria (lab). for adzuki, alfalfa, mung bean, radish, sesame and wheat, the ratio of these bacterial groups changed strongly in the course of germination ...200717512686
[mechanism of the effect of lpsp on the production of anti-hbs in mice].to investigate the mechanism of the effect of avirulent pantoea agglomerans lipopolysaccharide (lpsp) as the adjuvant of hbsag on the production of anti-hbs in mice.200717553355
relative importance of amino acids, glycine-betaine and ectoine synthesis in the biocontrol agent pantoea agglomerans cpa-2 in response to osmotic, acidic and heat stress.the objective of this work was to determine the role of different compatible solutes in adaptation of pantoea agglomerans cpa-2 at different stages of growth to solute (0.98, 0.97, 0.96 aw), heat (35 and 40 degrees c) and acidic (ph 4.0, 5.0, 6.0) stress.200717594453
bacteremia caused by pantoea agglomerans and enterococcus faecalis in a patient with colon cancer.a case of bacteremia caused by pantoea agglomerans (p. agglomerans) and enterococcus faecalis in a male patient with colon cancer is reported. he was successfully treated with vancomycin and meropenem. the clinical isolate was identified as p. agglomerans by 16s rrna gene sequencing.200717600887
stability of microbial communities in goat milk during a lactation year: molecular approaches.the microbial communities in milks from one herd were evaluated during 1-year of lactation, using molecular methods to evaluate their stability and the effect of breeding conditions on their composition. the diversity of microbial communities was measured using two approaches: molecular identification by 16s and 18s rdna sequencing of isolates from counting media (two milks), and direct identification using 16s rdna from clone libraries (six milks). the stability of these communities was evaluat ...200717604934
directed evolution can rapidly improve the activity of chimeric assembly-line enzymes.nonribosomal peptides (nrps) are produced by nrp synthetase (nrps) enzymes that function as molecular assembly lines. the modular architecture of nrpss suggests that a domain responsible for activating a building block could be replaced with a domain from a foreign nrps to create a chimeric assembly line that produces a new variant of a natural nrp. however, such chimeric nrps modules are often heavily impaired, impeding efforts to create novel nrp variants by swapping domains from different mod ...200717620609
nosocomial outbreak of pantoea agglomerans in a pediatric urgent care center.pantoea agglomerans is a gram-negative bacterium whose isolates can be found in blood cultures and other secretions. this article described one outbreak of sepsis due to this bacterium in the pediatric urgent care center of a tertiary hospital, in brasilia, federal district. this was a case-control study and it evaluated the risk factors for acquisition of nosocomial sepsis caused by pantoea agglomerans. six case-patients and 15 control-patients have been found. the risk factors were: vomiting i ...200717625778
atmospheric movement of microorganisms in clouds of desert dust and implications for human health.billions of tons of desert dust move through the atmosphere each year. the primary source regions, which include the sahara and sahel regions of north africa and the gobi and takla makan regions of asia, are capable of dispersing significant quantities of desert dust across the traditionally viewed oceanic barriers. while a considerable amount of research by scientists has addressed atmospheric pathways and aerosol chemistry, very few studies to determine the numbers and types of microorganisms ...200717630335
transmission of cotton seed and boll rotting bacteria by the southern green stink bug (nezara viridula l.).to determine the ability of the southern green stink bug (sgsb) (nezara viridula l.) to transmit pantoea agglomerans into cotton (gossypium hirsutum) bolls.200717650204
bilateral tibial chronic osteomyelitis due to pantoea agglomerans in a patient with sickle cell disease. 200717650525
incorporation of nonmethyl branches by isoprenoid-like logic: multiple beta-alkylation events in the biosynthesis of myxovirescin a1.several polyketide secondary metabolites are predicted to undergo isoprenoid-like beta-alkylations during biosynthesis. one such secondary metabolite is myxovirescin a1, produced by myxococcus xanthus. myxovirescin is of special interest in that it appears to undergo two distinct beta-alkylations. additionally, the myxovirescin biosynthetic gene cluster lacks tandem thiolation domains required in the synthesis of other beta-branched secondary metabolites. to probe the origins of the beta-branche ...200717656320
recovery of pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi from symptomless shoots of naturally infected olive trees.seasonal dynamics of pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi (psv) on stems and leaves from symptomless shoots of naturally infected olive trees was monitored in spanish olive orchards. data inferred from the comparison between washing of leaves and dilution-plating versus leaf printing of individual leaves suggested that psv population sizes varied by over several orders of magnitude, among leaves sampled concurrently from the same shoot. we did not find significant differences between leaves and ...200717661284
[effects of a lactic acid bacteria community sfc-2 treated on rice straw].aimed to utilize rice straw and lessen the pressure of environment, the rice straw was used as the fermentation material, and a lactic acid bacteria community sfc-2 from my laboratory was inoculated into the rice straw to investigate the inoculation effects. after 30 days fermentation, the inoculated fermented straw smelt acid-fragrant, and the ph value was 3.8, which was lower than the control of 4.1. furthermore, lactic acid concentration was more than that in the control. especially l-lactic ...200717674756
high performance microbiological transformation of l-tyrosine to l-dopa by yarrowia lipolytica nrrl-143.the 3,4-dihydroxy phenyl l-alanine (l-dopa) is a drug of choice for parkinson's disease, controlling changes in energy metabolism enzymes of the myocardium following neurogenic injury. aspergillus oryzae is commonly used for l-dopa production; however, potential improvements in ease of handling, growth rate and environmental impact have led to an interest in exploiting alternative yeasts. the two important elements required for l-dopa production are intracellular tyrosinases (thus pre-grown yeas ...200717705832
carotenoid biosynthesis in the primitive red alga cyanidioschyzon merolae.cyanidioschyzon merolae is considered to be one of the most primitive of eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms. to obtain insights into the origin and evolution of the pathway of carotenoid biosynthesis in eukaryotic plants, the carotenoid content of c. merolae was ascertained, genes encoding enzymes of carotenoid biosynthesis in this unicellular red alga were identified, and the activities of two candidate pathway enzymes of particular interest, lycopene cyclase and beta-carotene hydroxylase, wer ...200717085635
carotenoid biosynthesis in the primitive red alga cyanidioschyzon merolae.cyanidioschyzon merolae is considered to be one of the most primitive of eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms. to obtain insights into the origin and evolution of the pathway of carotenoid biosynthesis in eukaryotic plants, the carotenoid content of c. merolae was ascertained, genes encoding enzymes of carotenoid biosynthesis in this unicellular red alga were identified, and the activities of two candidate pathway enzymes of particular interest, lycopene cyclase and beta-carotene hydroxylase, wer ...200717085635
structure and protective effect of exopolysaccharide from p. agglomerans strain kfs-9 against uv radiation.the water-soluble exopolysaccharide (wseps) from pantoea agglomerans strain kfs-9 isolated from mangrove forest was prepared by removing bacterial cell from the fermentation liquid following by concentration and cold ethanol precipitation of the supernatant. the polysaccharide material was purified by gel permeation chromatography on a sephacryl s-300hr column and characterized using chemical and spectral methods. the results show that wseps is protein-bound polysaccharide, and it is composed of ...200716580187
thorn injury mimicking a septic arthritis of the knee. 200717853645
viral nanomotors for packaging of dsdna and dsrna.while capsid proteins are assembled around single-stranded genomic dna or rna in rod-shaped viruses, the lengthy double-stranded genome of other viruses is packaged forcefully within a preformed protein shell. this entropically unfavourable dna or rna packaging is accomplished by an atp-driven viral nanomotor, which is mainly composed of two components, the oligomerized channel and the packaging enzymes. this intriguing dna or rna packaging process has provoked interest among virologists, bacter ...200717501915
chemical composition and antibacterial activity of gongronema latifolium.chemical composition of gongronema latifolium leaves was determined using standard methods. aqueous and methanol g. latifolium extracts were tested against thirteen pathogenic bacterial isolates. crude protein, lipid extract, ash, crude fibre and nitrogen free extractives obtained are: 27.2%, 6.07%, 11.6%, 10.8% and 44.3% dry matter respectively. potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus and cobalt contents are 332, 110, 115, 125 and 116 mg/kg respectively. dominant essential amino acids are leucin ...200717542064
effect of protein, polysaccharide, and oxygen concentration profiles on biofilm cohesiveness.it is important to control biofilm cohesiveness to optimize process performance. in this study, a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor inoculated with activated sludge was used to grow mixed-culture biofilms of different ages and thicknesses. the cohesions, or cohesive energy levels per unit volume of biofilm, based on a reproducible method using atomic force microscopy (f. ahimou, m. j. semmens, p. j. novak, and g. haugstad, appl. environ. microbiol. 73:2897-2904, 2007), were determined at differen ...200717337565
reevaluation of clinical and laboratory standards institute disk diffusion breakpoints for tetracyclines for testing enterobacteriaceae.we reevaluated enterobacteriaceae disk diffusion breakpoints for the tetracyclines published in the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) document m100-s16, which were (susceptible/resistant) >or=19 mm/<or=14 mm for tetracycline, >or=16 mm/<or=12 mm for doxycycline, and >or=19 mm/<or=14 mm for minocycline. a collection of 504 recent clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae were tested against these tetracycline compounds by disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods according to ...200717360844
evaluation of the merlin micronaut system for rapid direct susceptibility testing of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli from positive blood cultures.bloodstream infections are life-threatening conditions which require the timely initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. we evaluated the automated merlin micronaut system for rapid direct microtiter broth antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ast) of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli from bactec 9240 bottles with positive blood cultures in comparison to the standard method for the merlin micronaut system. this prospective study was conducted under routine working conditions ...200717202283
evaluation of the inoculation procedure using a 0.25 mcfarland standard for the bd phoenix automated microbiology system. 200717913926
third generation biofuels via direct cellulose fermentation.consolidated bioprocessing (cbp) is a system in which cellulase production, substrate hydrolysis, and fermentation are accomplished in a single process step by cellulolytic microorganisms. cbp offers the potential for lower biofuel production costs due to simpler feedstock processing, lower energy inputs, and higher conversion efficiencies than separate hydrolysis and fermentation processes, and is an economically attractive near-term goal for "third generation" biofuel production. in this revie ...200819325807
phytopathogen type iii effector weaponry and their plant targets.phytopathogenic bacteria suppress plant innate immunity and promote pathogenesis by injecting proteins called type iii effectors into plant cells using a type iii protein secretion system. these type iii effectors use at least three strategies to alter host responses. one strategy is to alter host protein turnover, either by direct cleavage or by modulating ubiquitination and targeting the 26s proteasome. another strategy involves alteration of rna metabolism by transcriptional activation or adp ...200818657470
healthcare-associated infections in pediatric cancer patients: results of a prospective surveillance study from university hospitals in germany and switzerland.pediatric cancer patients face an increased risk of healthcare-associated infection (hai). to date, no prospective multicenter studies have been published on this topic.200818500998
assessment of gut bacteria for a paratransgenic approach to control dermolepida albohirtum larvae.bacteria from the hindguts of dermolepida albohirtum larvae were assessed for their potential to be used in paratransgenic strategies that target scarab pests of sugarcane. bacteria isolated in pure culture from the hindguts of d. albohirtum larvae were from the proteobacteria, firmicutes, and actinobacteria phyla and matched closely with taxa from intestinal and rhizosphere environments. however, these isolates were not the most common gut-associated bacteria identified in denaturing gradient g ...200818456847
abstracts of papers presented at the 2008 pittsburgh conference. 200819365566
abstracts of papers presented at the 2008 pittsburgh conference. 200819365566
structures of the rare-cutting restriction endonuclease noti reveal a unique metal binding fold involved in dna binding.the structure of the rare-cutting restriction endonuclease noti, which recognizes the 8 bp target 5'-gcggccgc-3', has been solved with and without bound dna. because of its specificity (recognizing a site that occurs once per 65 kb), noti is used to generate large genomic fragments and to map dna methylation status. noti contains a unique metal binding fold, found in a variety of putative endonucleases, occupied by an iron atom coordinated within a tetrahedral cys4 motif. this domain positions n ...200818400177
solid-phase capture of pathogenic bacteria by using gangliosides and detection with real-time pcr.we developed a method for concentrating pathogens from samples without enrichment. immobilized gangliosides concentrated bacteria for detection with real-time pcr. a sensitivity of approximately 4 cfu/ml (3 h) in samples without competing microflora was achieved. samples with competing microflora had a sensitivity of 40,000 cfu/ml. the variance was less than one cycle.200818263751
geographic, seasonal, and precipitation chemistry influence on the abundance and activity of biological ice nucleators in rain and snow.biological ice nucleators (in) function as catalysts for freezing at relatively warm temperatures (warmer than -10 degrees c). we examined the concentration (per volume of liquid) and nature of in in precipitation collected from montana and louisiana, the alps and pyrenees (france), ross island (antarctica), and yukon (canada). the temperature of detectable ice-nucleating activity for more than half of the samples was > or = -5 degrees c based on immersion freezing testing. digestion of the samp ...200819028877
use of antibacterial consumer products containing quaternary ammonium compounds and drug resistance in the community. 200818694904
native bacterial endophytes promote host growth in a species-specific manner; phytohormone manipulations do not result in common growth responses.all plants in nature harbor a diverse community of endophytic bacteria which can positively affect host plant growth. changes in plant growth frequently reflect alterations in phytohormone homoeostasis by plant-growth-promoting (pgp) rhizobacteria which can decrease ethylene (et) levels enzymatically by 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) deaminase or produce indole acetic acid (iaa). whether these common pgp mechanisms work similarly for different plant species has not been rigorously teste ...200818628963
cohesion group approach for evolutionary analysis of tyra, a protein family with wide-ranging substrate specificities.many enzymes and other proteins are difficult subjects for bioinformatic analysis because they exhibit variant catalytic, structural, regulatory, and fusion mode features within a protein family whose sequences are not highly conserved. however, such features reflect dynamic and interesting scenarios of evolutionary importance. the value of experimental data obtained from individual organisms is instantly magnified to the extent that given features of the experimental organism can be projected u ...200818322033
molecular characterization of nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from brazilian agricultural plants at são paulo state.fourteen strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated from different agricultural plant species, including cassava, maize and sugarcane, using nitrogen-deprived selective isolation conditions. ability to fix nitrogen was verified by the acetylene reduction assay. all potentially nitrogen-fixing strains tested showed positive hybridization signals with a nifh probe derived from azospirillum brasilense. the strains were characterized by rapd, ardra and 16s rdna sequence analysis. rapd analyse ...200824031239
hypersensitive response and acyl-homoserine lactone production of the fire blight antagonists erwinia tasmaniensis and erwinia billingiae.fire blight caused by the gram-negative bacterium erwinia amylovora can be controlled by antagonistic microorganisms. we characterized epiphytic bacteria isolated from healthy apple and pear trees in australia, named erwinia tasmaniensis, and the epiphytic bacterium erwinia billingiae from england for physiological properties, interaction with plants and interference with growth of e. amylovora. they reduced symptom formation by the fire blight pathogen on immature pears and the colonization of ...200821261861
decreasing enterobacter sakazakii (cronobacter spp.) food contamination level with bacteriophages: prospects and problems.enterobacter sakazakii (cronobacter spp.) is an opportunistic pathogen, which can cause rare, but life-threatening infections in neonates and infants through feeding of a contaminated milk formula. we isolated 67 phages from environmental samples and tested their lytic host range on a representative collection of 40 e. sakazakii strains. a cocktail of five phages prevented the outgrowth of 35 out of 40 test strains in artificially contaminated infant formula. two e. sakazakii phages represented ...200821261874
comparative analysis of the bactericidal activities of amphibian peptide analogues against multidrug-resistant nosocomial bacterial strains.due to the widespread resistance of bacteria to the available drugs, the discovery of new classes of antibiotics is urgently needed, and naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (amps) are considered promising candidates for future therapeutic use. amphibian skin is one of the richest sources of such amps. in the present study we compared the in vitro bactericidal activities of five amps from three different species of anurans against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates belonging to species ...200817954700
comparative analysis of the bactericidal activities of amphibian peptide analogues against multidrug-resistant nosocomial bacterial strains.due to the widespread resistance of bacteria to the available drugs, the discovery of new classes of antibiotics is urgently needed, and naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (amps) are considered promising candidates for future therapeutic use. amphibian skin is one of the richest sources of such amps. in the present study we compared the in vitro bactericidal activities of five amps from three different species of anurans against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates belonging to species ...200817954700
the two chorismate mutases from both mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium smegmatis: biochemical analysis and limited regulation of promoter activity by aromatic amino acids.chorismate mutase (cm) catalyzes the rearrangement of chorismate to prephenate in the biosynthetic pathway that forms phenylalanine and tyrosine in bacteria, fungi, plants, and apicomplexan parasites. since this enzyme is absent from mammals, it represents a promising target for the development of new antimycobacterial drugs, which are needed to combat mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. until recently, two putative open reading frames (orfs), rv0948c and rv1885c, sh ...200817965159
the two chorismate mutases from both mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium smegmatis: biochemical analysis and limited regulation of promoter activity by aromatic amino acids.chorismate mutase (cm) catalyzes the rearrangement of chorismate to prephenate in the biosynthetic pathway that forms phenylalanine and tyrosine in bacteria, fungi, plants, and apicomplexan parasites. since this enzyme is absent from mammals, it represents a promising target for the development of new antimycobacterial drugs, which are needed to combat mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. until recently, two putative open reading frames (orfs), rv0948c and rv1885c, sh ...200817965159
bacteremia in equine neonatal diarrhea: a retrospective study (1990-2007).bacteremia in sick foals is associated with survival, but the association of bacteremia and diarrhea is not reported.200818638014
quorum-sensing system affects gall development incited by pantoea agglomerans pv. gypsophilae.the quorum-sensing (qs) regulatory system of the gall-forming pantoea agglomerans pv. gypsophilae was identified. mass spectral analysis, together with signal-specific biosensors, demonstrated that p. agglomerans pv. gypsophilae produced n-butanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (c4-hsl) as a major and n-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (c6-hsl) as a minor qs signal. homologs of luxi and luxr regulatory genes, pagi and pagr, were characterized in strain p. agglomerans pv. gypsophilae pag824-1 and shown to be ...200818616406
persistence of salmonella senftenberg in poultry production environments and investigation of its resistance to desiccation.most salmonella serovars, including salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar senftenberg (s. senftenberg), are tolerant to desiccation and able to colonize and persist in feed mills. in addition, they may survive cleaning and disinfection procedures used on poultry farms. the present study was conducted to investigate the survival of s. senftenberg in broiler parent stock farms and broiler farms. the isolates from one of the parent stock farms investigated only differed by a single band in fl ...200818622860
antibiosis and acidification by pantoea agglomerans strain e325 may contribute to suppression of erwinia amylovora.pantoea agglomerans strain e325, a commercially available antagonist for fire blight of apple and pear, was originally selected through screening based on suppression of erwinia amylovora on flower stigmas, but specific mechanisms of antagonism were unknown. bacterial modification of ph was evaluated as a possible mechanism by analyzing stigma exudates extracted from 'gala' apple stigmas. the ph values for field samples were only slightly lower than controls, but indicated a range (ph 5 to 6) co ...200818943460
gatekeeping versus promiscuity in the early stages of the andrimid biosynthetic assembly line.the antibiotic andrimid, a nanomolar inhibitor of bacterial acetyl coenzyme a carboxylase, is generated on an unusual polyketide/nonribosomal peptide enzyme assembly line in that all thiolation (t) domains/small-molecule building stations are on separate proteins. in addition, a transglutaminase homologue is used to condense andrimid building blocks together on the andrimid assembly line. the first two modules of the andrimid assembly line yields an octatrienoyl-beta-phe-thioester tethered to th ...200818652473
anti-adherence activity and antimicrobial durability of anti-infective-coated catheters against multidrug-resistant bacteria.to investigate the anti-adherence and antimicrobial durability of anti-infective catheters against multidrug-resistant (mdr) staphylococcus aureus (resistant to vancomycin, rifampicin and methicillin) and mdr gram-negative bacteria (stenotrophomonas maltophilia, acinetobacter baumannii/calcoaceticus and enterobacter agglomerans) that are often associated with catheter-related bloodstream infections (crbsis).200818653489
[intestinal enterobacteria of the hibernating apis mellifera mellifera l. bees].dynamics of enterobacteria of normal intestinal microflora was studied in apis mellifera mellifera l. bees hibernating under snow in the western urals. the cell numbers (n) of the predominant species klebsiella oxytoca increased from 10-10(6) cfu/bee in november 2004 to 10(4)-10(7) cfu/bee in march 2005; its frequency of occurrence (p) increased from 92 to 100%. increase of providencia rettgeri (11.2004: n up to 10(6), p 25%; 03.2005: n 10(2)-10(6), p 80%) was accompanied by the substitution of ...200818683661
yeast cell factories for fine chemical and api production.abstract: this review gives an overview of different yeast strains and enzyme classes involved in yeast whole-cell biotransformations. a focus was put on the synthesis of compounds for fine chemical and api (= active pharmaceutical ingredient) production employing single or only few-step enzymatic reactions. accounting for recent success stories in metabolic engineering, the construction and use of synthetic pathways was also highlighted. examples from academia and industry and advances in the f ...200818684335
characterization of the tautomycin biosynthetic gene cluster from streptomyces spiroverticillatus unveiling new insights into dialkylmaleic anhydride and polyketide biosynthesis.tautomycin (ttm) is a highly potent and specific protein phosphatase inhibitor isolated from streptomyces spiroverticillatus. the biological activity of ttm makes it an important lead for drug discovery, whereas its spiroketal-containing polyketide chain and rare dialkylmaleic anhydride moiety draw attention to novel biosynthetic chemistries responsible for its production. to elucidate the biosynthetic machinery associated with these novel molecular features, the ttm biosynthetic gene cluster fr ...200818708355
diversity of endophytic bacteria from eucalyptus species seeds and colonization of seedlings by pantoea agglomerans.the diversity and beneficial characteristics of endophytic microorganisms have been studied in several host plants. however, information regarding naturally occurring seed-associated endophytes and vertical transmission among different life-history stages of hosts is limited. endophytic bacteria were isolated from seeds and seedlings of 10 eucalyptus species and two hybrids. the results showed that endophytic bacteria, such as bacillus, enterococcus, paenibacillus and methylobacterium, are verti ...200818710397
insights into the catalytic mechanism of tyrosine phenol-lyase from x-ray structures of quinonoid intermediates.amino acid transformations catalyzed by a number of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp)-dependent enzymes involve abstraction of the calpha proton from an external aldimine formed between a substrate and the cofactor leading to the formation of a quinonoid intermediate. despite the key role played by the quinonoid intermediates in the catalysis by plp-dependent enzymes, limited accurate information is available about their structures. we trapped the quinonoid intermediates of citrobacter freundii tyros ...200818715865
aromatic amino acid-dependent expression of indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase is regulated by tyrr in enterobacter cloacae uw5.the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium enterobacter cloacae uw5 synthesizes the plant growth hormone indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) via the indole-3-pyruvate pathway utilizing the enzyme indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase that is encoded by ipdc. in this bacterium, ipdc expression and iaa production occur in stationary phase and are induced by an exogenous source of tryptophan, conditions that are present in the rhizosphere. the aim of this study was to identify the regulatory protein that controls ...200818757531
identification and functional characterization of nifa variants that are independent of glnb activation in the photosynthetic bacterium rhodospirillum rubrum.the activity of nifa, the transcriptional activator of the nitrogen fixation (nif) gene, is tightly regulated in response to ammonium and oxygen. however, the mechanisms for the regulation of nifa activity are quite different among various nitrogen-fixing bacteria. unlike the well-studied nifl-nifa regulatory systems in klebsiella pneumoniae and azotobacter vinelandii, in rhodospirillum rubrum nifa is activated by a direct protein-protein interaction with the uridylylated form of glnb, which in ...200818757802
diversity of endophytic enterobacteria associated with different host plants.fifty-three endophytic enterobacteria isolates from citrus, cocoa, eucalyptus, soybean, and sugar cane were evaluated for susceptibility to the antibiotics ampicillin and kanamycin, and cellulase production. susceptibility was found on both tested antibiotics. however, in the case of ampicillin susceptibility changed according to the host plant, while all isolates were susceptible to kanamycin. cellulase production also changed according to host plants. the diversity of these isolates was estima ...200818758726
endophytic population of pantoea agglomerans in citrus plants and development of a cloning vector for endophytes.harmless bacteria inhabiting inner plant tissues are termed endophytes. population fluctuations in the endophytic bacterium pantoea agglomerans associated with two species of field cultured citrus plants were monitored over a two-year period. the results demonstrated that populations of p. agglomerans fluctuated in citrus reticulata but not c. sinensis. a cryptic plasmid ppa3.0 (2.9 kb) was identified in 35 out of 44 endophytic isolates of p. agglomerans and was subsequently sequenced. the origi ...200818759238
andrimid producers encode an acetyl-coa carboxyltransferase subunit resistant to the action of the antibiotic.andrimid is a hybrid nonribosomal peptide-polyketide antibiotic that blocks the carboxyl-transfer reaction of bacterial acetyl-coa carboxylase (acc) and thereby inhibits fatty acid biosynthesis with submicromolar potency. the andrimid biosynthetic gene cluster from pantoea agglomerans encodes an admt gene with homology to the acetyl-coa carboxyltransferase (ct) beta-subunit gene accd. escherichia coli cells overexpressing admt showed resistance to andrimid. co-overproduction of admt with e. coli ...200818768797
case report: subacute synovitis of the knee after a rose thorn injury: unusual clinical picture.synovitis secondary to penetrating plant thorn injuries is not frequently reported. historically, it is considered aseptic and treated with removal of the intraarticular foreign body and affected synovial lining. we report a 57-year-old healthy man who was admitted 2 weeks after being injured by a rose (rosacea) thorn with subacute and mild synovitis with effusion of his right knee. no intraarticular foreign body was retained. pantoea agglomerans was identified in the synovial fluid. contrary to ...200818773251
in vitro adsorption revealing an apparent strong interaction between endophyte pantoea agglomerans ys19 and host rice.pantoea (formerly enterobacter) agglomerans ys19 is a dominant diazotrophic endophyte isolated from rice (oryza sativa cv. yuefu) grown in a temperate-climate region in west beijing, china. in vitro adsorption and invasion of ys19 on host plant root were studied in this research. adsorption of ys19 on rice seedling roots closely resembled the langmuir adsorption and showed a higher adsorption quantity than the control strains paenibacillus polymyxa wy110 (a rhizospheric bacterium from the same r ...200818781359
staphylococcus epidermidis: a differential trait of the fecal microbiota of breast-fed infants.breast milk is an important source of staphylococci and other bacterial groups to the infant gut. the objective of this work was to analyse the bacterial diversity in feces of breast-fed infants and to compare it with that of formula-fed ones. a total of 23 women and their respective infants (16 breast-fed and 7 formula-fed) participated in the study. the 16 women and their infants provided a sample of breast milk and feces, respectively, at days 7, 14, and 35. the samples were plated onto diffe ...200818783615
divergence among genes encoding the elongation factor tu of yersinia species.elongation factor tu (ef-tu), encoded by tuf genes, carries aminoacyl-trna to the ribosome during protein synthesis. duplicated tuf genes (tufa and tufb), which are commonly found in enterobacterial species, usually coevolve via gene conversion and are very similar to one another. however, sequence analysis of tuf genes in our laboratory has revealed highly divergent copies in 72 strains spanning the genus yersinia (representing 12 yersinia species). the levels of intragenomic divergence between ...200818790860
identification of bacterial and fungal components in tobacco and tobacco smoke.abstract: the microbiological composition of tobacco products was studied using culture and chemical analysis (of tobacco leaves) or chemical analysis only (tobacco and tobacco smoke). the chemical analyses utilized gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for determining 3-hydroxy fatty acids, muramic acid, and ergosterol as markers of respectively lipopolysaccharide (lps), peptidoglycan, and fungal biomass. mesophilic bacteria dominated in both fresh and cured tobacco leaves; a range of add ...200818822161
pantoea agglomerans bloodstream infection in preterm neonates.objective: to report an uncommon incidence of sporadic bloodstream infection (bsi) caused by pantoea agglomerans in preterm neonates. case presentation and intervention: fives cases of nosocomial bsi with p. agglomerans in preterm neonates (weight <or=1,500 g; age 8-17 days; gestational age 26-30 weeks) are presented. all cases were late onset neonatal sepsis (>7 days of age). lethargy, skin mottling and bradycardia were often present. although there was no evidence of pneumonia, desaturation wa ...200818836282
altered oligomerization properties of n316 mutants of escherichia coli tyrr.the transcriptional regulator tyrr is known to undergo a dimer-to-hexamer conformational change in response to aromatic amino acids, through which it controls gene expression. in this study, we identified n316d as the second-site suppressor of escherichia coli tyrr(e274q), a mutant protein deficient in hexamer formation. n316 variants exhibited altered in vivo regulatory properties, and the most drastic changes were observed for tyrr(n316d) and tyrr(n316r) mutants. gel filtration analyses reveal ...200818931124
the structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide from pantoea agglomerans strain fl1.a neutral o-specific polysaccharide consisting of d-rhamnose was obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide of the plant pathogenic bacterium pantoea agglomerans strain fl1, a common epiphyte of many plant species, and associated with pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi in young and apparently intact olive knots. by means of compositional and methylation analyses, and nmr spectroscopy, the chemical repeating unit of the polymer was identified as a linear tetrasaccharide of the ...200818039532
enterobacter sakazakii invasion in human intestinal caco-2 cells requires the host cell cytoskeleton and is enhanced by disruption of tight junction.enterobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen that causes systemic bacteremia and meningitis with high mortality, and powdered infant formula is a frequent source of this bacterium. however, the mechanisms that this organism uses to invade and translocate through the intestinal barrier are unknown. using caco-2 epithelial cells, we were able to demonstrate penetration of e. sakazakii and to determine invasion-associated properties. we found that e. sakazakii entry and invasion were depende ...200818070906
enterobacter sakazakii invasion in human intestinal caco-2 cells requires the host cell cytoskeleton and is enhanced by disruption of tight junction.enterobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen that causes systemic bacteremia and meningitis with high mortality, and powdered infant formula is a frequent source of this bacterium. however, the mechanisms that this organism uses to invade and translocate through the intestinal barrier are unknown. using caco-2 epithelial cells, we were able to demonstrate penetration of e. sakazakii and to determine invasion-associated properties. we found that e. sakazakii entry and invasion were depende ...200818070906
distribution of conjugative-plasmid-mediated 16s rrna methylase genes among amikacin-resistant enterobacteriaceae isolates collected in 1995 to 1998 and 2001 to 2006 at a university hospital in south korea and identification of conjugative plasmids mediating dissemination of 16s rrna methylase.the distribution of conjugative-plasmid-mediated 16s rrna methylase genes among amikacin-resistant enterobacteriaceae collected between 1995 and 1998 and between 2001 and 2006 at a university hospital in south korea was examined, and conjugative plasmids carrying the 16s rrna methylase genes were characterized by pcr-based replicon typing and by determination of their antimicrobial resistance pattern. among the 7,127 isolates, 463 isolates showed a high level of resistance to amikacin, and 218 o ...200818094126
distribution of conjugative-plasmid-mediated 16s rrna methylase genes among amikacin-resistant enterobacteriaceae isolates collected in 1995 to 1998 and 2001 to 2006 at a university hospital in south korea and identification of conjugative plasmids mediating dissemination of 16s rrna methylase.the distribution of conjugative-plasmid-mediated 16s rrna methylase genes among amikacin-resistant enterobacteriaceae collected between 1995 and 1998 and between 2001 and 2006 at a university hospital in south korea was examined, and conjugative plasmids carrying the 16s rrna methylase genes were characterized by pcr-based replicon typing and by determination of their antimicrobial resistance pattern. among the 7,127 isolates, 463 isolates showed a high level of resistance to amikacin, and 218 o ...200818094126
detection of plant-modulated alterations in antifungal gene expression in pseudomonas fluorescens cha0 on roots by flow cytometry.the biocontrol activity of the root-colonizing pseudomonas fluorescens strain cha0 is largely determined by the production of antifungal metabolites, especially 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol. the expression of these metabolites depends on abiotic and biotic environmental factors, in particular, elements present in the rhizosphere. in this study, we have developed a new method for the in situ analysis of antifungal gene expression using flow cytometry combined with green fluorescent protein (gfp)-ba ...200818165366
detection of plant-modulated alterations in antifungal gene expression in pseudomonas fluorescens cha0 on roots by flow cytometry.the biocontrol activity of the root-colonizing pseudomonas fluorescens strain cha0 is largely determined by the production of antifungal metabolites, especially 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol. the expression of these metabolites depends on abiotic and biotic environmental factors, in particular, elements present in the rhizosphere. in this study, we have developed a new method for the in situ analysis of antifungal gene expression using flow cytometry combined with green fluorescent protein (gfp)-ba ...200818165366
structures of open (r) and close (t) states of prephenate dehydratase (pdt)--implication of allosteric regulation by l-phenylalanine.the enzyme prephenate dehydratase (pdt) converts prephenate to phenylpyruvate in l-phenylalanine biosynthesis. pdt is allosterically regulated by l-phe and other amino acids. we report the first crystal structures of pdt from staphylococcus aureus in a relaxed (r) state and pdt from chlorobium tepidum in a tense (t) state. the two enzymes show low sequence identity (27.3%) but the same prototypic architecture and domain organization. both enzymes are tetramers (dimer of dimers) in crystal and so ...200818171624
structures of open (r) and close (t) states of prephenate dehydratase (pdt)--implication of allosteric regulation by l-phenylalanine.the enzyme prephenate dehydratase (pdt) converts prephenate to phenylpyruvate in l-phenylalanine biosynthesis. pdt is allosterically regulated by l-phe and other amino acids. we report the first crystal structures of pdt from staphylococcus aureus in a relaxed (r) state and pdt from chlorobium tepidum in a tense (t) state. the two enzymes show low sequence identity (27.3%) but the same prototypic architecture and domain organization. both enzymes are tetramers (dimer of dimers) in crystal and so ...200818171624
pantoea agglomerans bacteremia in a 65-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia: case report and review.a 65-year-old man with a recent history of acute leukemia was admitted with complaints of chills and rigors. he had a long-standing hickman catheter which was removed following the isolation of a gram negative rod later identified as pantoea agglomerans. the patient recovered with antimicrobial therapy. pantoea species are rare causes of clinically relevant infections.200818176303
effect of biocontrol agents candida sake and pantoea agglomerans on penicillium expansum growth and patulin accumulation in apples.penicillium expansum is the major responsible of fruit pome decaying in cold storage. apples spoiled by p. expansum are expected to contain patulin, a mycotoxin which is proven to affect human health. the use of chemicals is the most common procedure to prevent rots in postharvest but legislation is becoming more and more restrictive. the use of biocontrol agents (bca) as an alternative tool is currently being proposed. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two bca (candida sake cp ...200818191492
the evolution of gene collectives: how natural selection drives chemical innovation.dna sequencing has become central to the study of evolution. comparing the sequences of individual genes from a variety of organisms has revolutionized our understanding of how single genes evolve, but the challenge of analyzing polygenic phenotypes has complicated efforts to study how genes evolve when they are part of a group that functions collectively. we suggest that biosynthetic gene clusters from microbes are ideal candidates for the evolutionary study of gene collectives; these selfish g ...200818216259
real-time pcr assays for quantification and differentiation of vibrio vulnificus strains in oysters and water.vibrio vulnificus is an autochthonous estuarine bacterium and a pathogen that is frequently transmitted via raw shellfish. septicemia can occur within 24 h; however, isolation and confirmation from water and oysters require days. real-time pcr assays were developed to detect and differentiate two 16s rrna variants, types a and b, which were previously associated with environmental sources and clinical fatalities, respectively. both assays could detect 10(2) to 10(3) v. vulnificus total cells in ...200818245234
conversion of beta-carotene into astaxanthin: two separate enzymes or a bifunctional hydroxylase-ketolase protein?abstract: astaxanthin is a xanthophyll of great interest in animal nutrition and human health. the market prospect in the nutraceutics industries for this health-protective molecule is very promising. astaxanthin is synthesized by several bacteria, algae and plants from beta-carotene by the sequential action of two enzymes: a beta-carotene, 3,3'-hydroxylase that introduces an hydroxyl group at the 3 (and 3') positions of each of the two beta-ionone rings of beta-carotene, and a beta-carotene ket ...200818289382
taxonomic structure and stability of the bacterial community in belgian sourdough ecosystems as assessed by culture and population fingerprinting.a total of 39 traditional sourdoughs were sampled at 11 bakeries located throughout belgium which were visited twice with a 1-year interval. the taxonomic structure and stability of the bacterial communities occurring in these traditional sourdoughs were assessed using both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. a total of 1,194 potential lactic acid bacterium (lab) isolates were tentatively grouped and identified by repetitive element sequence-based pcr, followed by sequence-based i ...200818310426
survey of bacterial diversity in chronic wounds using pyrosequencing, dgge, and full ribosome shotgun sequencing.chronic wound pathogenic biofilms are host-pathogen environments that colonize and exist as a cohabitation of many bacterial species. these bacterial populations cooperate to promote their own survival and the chronic nature of the infection. few studies have performed extensive surveys of the bacterial populations that occur within different types of chronic wound biofilms. the use of 3 separate16s-based molecular amplifications followed by pyrosequencing, shotgun sanger sequencing, and denatur ...200818325110
cold atmospheric plasma decontamination of the pericarps of fruit.this investigation describes the inactivation by cold atmospheric plasmas of one pathogenic and three spoilage organisms on the pericarps of mangoes and melons. the operating voltage necessary for efficient microbial decontamination of fruit pericarps was first established using escherichia coli at a concentration of 10(7) cfu/cm2 on the surface of mango. it was found that, when the plasma was sustained slightly above its breakdown voltage of 12 kv (peak to peak), no inactivation was detected wh ...200818326179
severe peritonitis due to pantoea agglomerans in a ccpd patient. 200818332463
[enterobacter agglomerans b1 producing beta-galactosidase with transglycosylation activity: screening, identification, fermentation conditions, and galacto-oligosaccharides synthesis].galacto-oligosaccharides (gos) are promising non-digestible oligosaccharides recognized as prebiotics. commercial gos containing galactose as subunit, are synthesized from lactose using the galactosyl-transferase activity of beta-galactosidase. a strain producing beta-galactosidase with transglycosylation activity was screened from the soil. phenotypic analysis including morphology and physiology characteristics and 16s rdna sequence analysis were carried out. based on taxonomy results, the stra ...200818338574
[isolation and identification of a novel phosphate-dissolving strain p21].phosphate-dissolving microorganisms can be applied for better use of insoluble phosphorus as fertilizer., a phosphate-dissolving strain p21 was isolated from soil samples in china. the isolate was identified as erwinia herbicola var. ananas, based on its 16sr dna sequence and physiological characteristics. its activity was measured in solid media as well as liquid media using different phosphate sources including tricalium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, ferric phosphate, aluminium phosphate, zinc ph ...200818338576
bacillus spore classification via surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy and principal component analysis.surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (sers) can provide rapid fingerprinting of biomaterial in a nondestructive manner. the adsorption of colloidal silver to biological material suppresses native biofluorescence while providing electromagnetic surface enhancement of the normal raman signal. this work validates the applicability of qualitative ser spectroscopy for analysis of bacterial species by utilizing principal component analysis (pca) to show discrimination of biological threat simulants, ba ...200818339232
empiric antibiotic therapy for seawater injuries: a four-seasonal analysis.previous seawater studies found vibrio species associated with morbidity, suggesting that seawater-contaminated wounds should be treated early. the purpose of this study was to identify common seawater pathogens and antibiotic sensitivities to provide empiric antibiotic therapy until patient-specific culture results are available.200818349643
ttsi regulates symbiotic genes in rhizobium species ngr234 by binding to tts boxes.infection of legumes by rhizobium sp. ngr234 and subsequent development of nitrogen-fixing nodules are dependent on the coordinated actions of nod factors, proteins secreted by a type iii secretion system (t3ss) and modifications to surface polysaccharides. the production of these signal molecules is dependent on plant flavonoids which trigger a regulatory cascade controlled by the transcriptional activators nodd1, nodd2, syrm2 and ttsi. ttsi is known to control the genes responsible for t3ss fu ...200818363648
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