Publications

[pyogenic hepatic abscess].	ten patients, 6 men and 4 women, with a mean age of 53 years, having pyogenic liver abscess, were studied to review the principal features of the clinical and bacteriological diagnosis. in 9 cases the abscess was located in the right hepatic lobe. bacteriological diagnosis was made in 6 cases: the etiology was nonmicrobian in 3 and two microorganisms were found in the other 3 cases. the isolated pathogens were: escherichia coli (3 cases), staphylococcus sp (3 cases), enterobacter agglomerans (1 ...	1987	3270121
the morphology and nucleotide composition of dna of citrobacter phages.	citrobacter phages 38/37, 31/37, 40/1 and 8/5, isolated from lysogenic cultures, were concentrated and purified by 2 cycles of differential centrifugation. electron microscopy of the phages has shown that their particles have similar morphology and that they relate to the morphological group a1. the heads of the phages are hexagonal, 50 +/- 2 nm in diameter. the tail of the phage is straight, 112-152 nm in length, with a contracting sheath 11.5-12.5 nm wide. the tails of the phages 38/37 and 40/ ...	1987	3429855
[treatment of urinary infection with cephadroxyl (pharmachem)--microbiological and clinical research].	the bacteria isolated from the urine of renal patients were tested for sensitivity towards cephadroxyl (pharmachem) and other beta-lactam antibiotics--altogether 654 examinations were made. it was established that the gram-positive bacteria (excluding the enterococcus) are sensitive towards cephadroxyl. from the gram negative bacteria e. coli, klebsiella sp., enterobacter sp., p. mirabilis, citrobacter sp. showed the greatest sensitivity towards cephadroxyl, while the indole positive proteus wer ...	1987	3433735
comparative in vitro activity of the two new oral cephalosporin metabolites ro 19-5247 and ro 15-8074.	a total of 629 clinical strains of gram positive and gram negative bacteria were tested for their susceptibility to ro 19-5247, ro 15-8074, and other antimicrobial agents. both ro 19-5247 and ro 15-8074 had good activity against strains of enterobacteriaceae; however, resistance was found among some strains of enterobacter, citrobacter, klebsiella and morganella spp. both compounds showed moderate to poor active against acinetobacter spp., pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococci and streptococcus ...	1987	3436316
brain abscesses and ischemic necrotic lesions during early childhood.	the cases of seven children, all under 6 months of age, with cerebral abscesses are presented. in four cases, there was previous meningitis; the others presented with expanding mass lesions. the infectious agent was proteus in four cases and escherichia coli and citrobacter in one each; in another patient, no agent was isolated. in six children, there were multiple areas of ischemic necrosis. in one instance, these areas were in the hemisphere contralateral to the purulent collection. the peculi ...	1987	3437963
[properties of tnt-degrading enzymes in intact cells of citrobacter freundii].		1987	3439160
[antimicrobial activity of sulbactam/cefoperazone. comparison with other new cephems].	antimicrobial activities of sulbactam/cefoperazone (sbt/cpz) against 50 fresh clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter spp., serratia marcescens, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris and pseudomonas aeruginosa were compared to those of cpz, cefotiam (ctm), cefotaxime (ctx) and latamoxef (lmox). minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic's) of sbt and cpz mixed in a ratio of 1:1 were determined by the dilution method using ...	1987	3444015
a study of predominant aerobic microflora of black bears (ursus americanus) and grizzly bears (ursus arctos) in northwestern alberta.	swab specimens were obtained from nasal, rectal, and preputial or vaginal areas of 37 grizzly and 17 black bears, captured during may to june of 1981 to 1983, to determine the types and frequency of predominant aerobic microflora. bacterial genera most frequently isolated from bears were escherichia, citrobacter, hafnia, proteus, staphylococcus, and streptococcus species, comprising about 65% of the isolates. erwinia, xanthomonas, agrobacterium, rhizobium, and gluconobacter/acetobacter were also ...	1987	3447691
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1985). i. susceptibility distribution].	the results of determinations of sensitivities of bacterial strains to various antibiotics are summarized as follows: 1. against escherichia coli, ofloxacin (oflx) showed the strongest activity among oral antibacterial and antibiotic agents. its mic90 was below 0.10 micrograms/ml. the next strongest activity was found in mecillinam (mpc), cefaclor (ccl) and pipemidic acid (ppa); mic90's of these agents 3.13 micrograms/ml. cefotiam (ctm), cefotaxime (ctx), ceftizoxime (czx), cefmenoxime (cmx) and ...	1987	3448255
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1985). iii. secular changes in susceptibility].	sensitivities to antimicrobial agents of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., proteus spp., pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia marcescens isolated from infected patients were evaluated and compared according to the types of their infections, i.e., simple and complicated urinary tract infections with or without indwelling catheter. there were no apparent decreases in the sensitivity of e. coli isolated from patients with simple urinary tract infections. when da ...	1987	3448256
[clinical observation of bacterial isolates from urine specimens of outpatients].	changes of bacterial isolates from urine specimens of outpatients with urinary tract infections (uti) from 1977 through 1984 were studied. organisms which were isolated from patients with bacteriuria of over 10(3) bacteria per ml of urine regardless of grade of pyuria were studied. the incidence of uti, especially that of acute cystitis was decreased during the recent 8 years. e. coli was the most predominant isolate in acute uti with an isolation frequency of over 70% every year, followed by s. ...	1987	3448922
dynamics of ceftazidime-pefloxacin interaction shown by a new killing curve-chequerboard method.	since in-vitro methods for studying drug interactions are difficult to evaluate and different results occur with the chequerboard (isobolograms-fic index) and killing curve methods, a new approach associating these two methods was used to study the ceftazidime-pefloxacin interaction. in 64 tubes in a chequerboard pattern, viable bacteria were counted at 0, 2.5, 5 and 24 h, by a microdilution method and a multiple inoculator replicating method. the bacterial inoculum consisted of 5 x 10(6)-10(7) ...	1987	3106301
[kinetic study of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine synthesis in citrobacter freundii cells immobilized in carrageenan].	a kinetic study was carried out of the enzymatic synthesis of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (dopa) by the citrobacter freundii 62 cells, possessing tyrosine-phenol-lyase (tpl) activity, immobilized in carrageenan, and optimum conditions of the reaction were found. the dependence of the tpl activity and its stability on the conditions of the dopa synthesis was investigated. the tpl activity was higher and more stable in the immobilized cells as compared to free ones.	1987	3106951
coagglutination and enzyme capture tests for detection of escherichia coli beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and glutamate decarboxylase.	polyclonal antibodies to escherichia coli beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and glutamate decarboxylase were used in coagglutination tests for identification of these three enzymes in cell lysates. enzyme capture assays were also developed for the detection of e. coli beta-galactosidase and beta-glucuronidase. the enzymes were released by using a gentle lysis procedure that did not interfere with antibody-enzyme interactions. all three enzymes were detected in 93% (51 of 55) of the e. coli ...	1987	3111364
[study of the sensitivity to pipemidic acid, pefloxacin and norfloxacin of 444 bacterial strains isolated at a general hospital].	after one year of use of pefloxacin in the intensive care unit, medicine unit and surgery unit and the following recent commercialization without prescription of norfloxacin, we studied for a period of two months (april and may 1986) the susceptibility to pipemidic acid, to pefloxacin and norfloxacin of 444 bacteria strains isolated obtained from clinical specimens. the antibiotic susceptibility is determined by disk diffusion test. we obtained the following results: susceptible methicillin stap ...	1987	3112705
bacterial interference by anaerobic species isolated from human feces.	eighty-four anaerobic fecal isolates obtained from five healthy volunteers were tested for their ability to inhibit in vitro growth of eight species of enterobacteriaceae, four species of faculative gram-positive cocci, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. forty-nine of the 84 anaerobic isolates (58%) inhibited the growth of at least one indicator bacterium. isolates of bacteroides and bifidobacterium spp. were most consistently inhibitory. anaerobic cocci and clostridia were infrequently inhibitory; eub ...	1987	3113937
epidemiologic factors affecting antimicrobial resistance of common bacterial isolates.	the pattern of antimicrobial resistance of common bacterial isolates obtained from various groups of patients at a large tertiary-care center was compared with the pattern of resistance seen at a primary-care community hospital. at the tertiary-care center, significant differences in susceptibility were seen between pediatric and adult groups. in the tertiary-care center, the inpatients were more likely than the outpatients to have resistant staphylococcal and enterobacterial strains. comparison ...	1987	3116037
effect of chlorhexidine/edta/tris against bacterial isolates from clinical specimens.	chlorhexidine/edta/tris was more active compared with chlorhexidine against the following species of organisms: acinetobacter species, citrobacter species, enterobacter species, escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, providence species, pseudomonas species, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis and streptococcus faecalis, when tested in isosensitest agar. the addition of 20% serum to the medium reduced its effectiveness mainly against providence species, proteus species, and streptococ ...	1987	3116368
clinical consequences of development of resistance to third generation cephalosporins.	eighteen patients are described in whom initially sensitive microorganisms were replaced by resistant isolates during administration of ceftriaxone (n = 8), cefoperazone (n = 5), moxalactam (n = 4), cefotaxime (n = 2) or ceftazidime (n = 1), despite combination with aminoglycosides. all patients had documented gram-negative infections; in 12 patients underlying haematological diseases were present. resistant strains of enterobacter cloacae (14), serratia marcescens (4), klebsiella oxytoca (3), p ...	1987	3117534
incidence of inducible beta-lactamases in gram-negative septicemia isolates from twenty-nine european laboratories. european study group on antibiotic resistance.	in 1984 the european study group on antibiotic resistance (esgar), which is made up of 29 laboratories in 12 european countries, consecutively collected gram-negative bacilli and staphylococci isolates from blood and using the microdilution method performed susceptibility testing with 11 beta-lactam antibiotics. a total of 2,578 isolates were collected; 68% were gram-negatives and 32% staphylococci. pseudomonas spp. accounted for 12% of the strains, enterobacter spp. 7%, serratia spp. 3%, indole ...	1987	3117535
[bacteriologic quality of water from the rhine and its tributaries in the rhine-neckar region. i. bacterial count and enterobacteriaceae of the current status of pollution].	during the period of may 1982 to january 1983 and march 1986 to may 1986, 164 water-specimens had been collected along the river rhine and its affluxes in the overcrowded rhine-neckar-region from 34 collecting-sites on 8 different days. the specimens were tested for the total-germ-count and the titers of different enterobacteriaceae-species. the total-germ-count examined concentrations of several hundreds up to 1.8 million germ in 1 ml river-water. extremely high concentrations were found along ...	1987	3118608
[susceptibility of clinical bacterial isolates to aztreonam].	in vitro activities of 7 antimicrobial agents against organisms (474 strains) isolated from patients with various infections in ehime university hospital from may to july 1986 were investigated. summarized results are as follows: 1. aztreonam (azt) showed potent activities against escherichia coli, citrobacter sp., klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia marcescens, proteus sp., pseudomonas aeruginosa and haemophilus influenzae. 2. antimicrobial activities of azt were especially superior against proteus ...	1987	3121888
in vitro susceptibility of nosocomial pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacteriaceae, and staphylococci to ciprofloxacin and ten other broad-spectrum antibiotics.	we determined microdilution minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (mbcs) for ciprofloxacin and 10 beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics against 329 unique nosocomial isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa, citrobacter, enterobacter, serratia, and staphylococci. all were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, including 109 aminoglycoside-resistant gram-negative bacilli and 59 oxacillin-resistant staphylococci. ciprofloxacin was generally 2-4 fold less active aga ...	1987	3123078
a modified conductance medium for the detection of salmonella spp.	selenite-cystine/trimethylamine oxide/dulcitol medium has been used in conjunction with conductance instruments to detect the presence of salmonella spp. in foods and faeces. however, a small but significant number of salmonella strains were missed by this method. the majority of these strains were detected when dulcitol was substituted by mannitol and tested on two separate malthus conductance instruments. some strains of citrobacter freundii and escherichia coli continued to give false positiv ...	1987	3126173
[etiology of corneal ulcers with special reference to bacterial genesis].	the authors report on 134 patients (141 eyes) seen between may 1982 and december 1985 with corneal ulcers with or without hypopyon. eight patients (11 eyes) had a facial palsy, 7 (7 eyes) a varicella zoster infection, 1 (2 eyes) a marginal ulcer ("furrow keratitis") associated with collagenosis, 29 (29 eyes) an ulcerative keratitis with endophthalmitis, 1 (2 eyes) a pemphigoid-associated ulcer and 90 (92 eyes) a herpetic infection. pathogenic bacterial strains were isolated from 20 patients: 10 ...	1987	3295371
in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a new monobactam, b0-1165.	b0-1165 is a 1-carboxy-1-cyclopropoxyamino,4-fluoromethyl monobactam. it inhibited the majority of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter diversus, aeromonas hydrophila, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, providencia rettgeri, providencia stuartii, yersinia enterocolitica, haemophilus influenzae, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and salmonella and shigella species at less than or equal to 0.125 microgram/ml. overall, its in vitro activity was similar to that of aztreona ...	1987	3300528
coliphages and bacteria in groundwater from tehran, iran.		1987	3300822
identification of two different hemolysin determinants in uropathogenic proteus isolates.	dna sequences similar to those of the escherichia coli hemolysin genes were detected among uropathogenic isolates of proteus vulgaris and morganella morganii by using the southern blotting technique and hly gene-specific dna probe. immunoblotting revealed that among the hemolytic p. vulgaris and m. morganii isolates there was expressed a polypeptide species similar in molecular size (110 kilodaltons) and antigenicity to escherichia coli hlya. a plasmid-mediated p. vulgaris hemolysin determinant ...	1987	3305367
a comparison of two incubation temperatures for the isolation of gram-negative contaminants from raw materials and non-sterile pharmaceuticals.	selective and non-selective broth enrichment techniques may be used in the isolation of microbial contaminants from pharmaceutical products. a non-selective method may give better recovery rates for damaged organisms. a trial was carried out to determine whether the recovery of gram-negative contaminants could be improved by using an incubation temperature of 30 degrees c for 48 h, rather than the more widely used 37 degrees c for 24 h. contaminants were isolated from 3.2% of samples incubated a ...	1987	3305531
cell turnover and colon tumor development.	the proliferative characteristics of the large bowel are determined genetically and can vary over a wide range, the lower range being resistant to chemically induced tumors and the upper range expressing susceptibility. basically, the colon has a relatively high level of cell renewal. it can be further elevated or depressed by a number of dietary and environmental conditions. a hyperproliferative state has been induced by the presence of carrageenan, citrobacter freundii, nonspecific injury, or ...	1987	3306653
in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of cs-807, a new oral cephalosporin.	cs-807 is a new oral prodrug of r-3746, a cephalosporin derivative, with potent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. the susceptibility of about 1,200 clinical isolates to r-3746 was determined by the agar dilution method. ninety percent or more of pathogens such as staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, indole-positive and indole-negative proteus spp., providencia rettgeri, a ...	1987	3310868
clinical significance of beta-lactamase induction and stable derepression in gram-negative rods.	most strains of enterobacteria and pseudomonas aeruginosa produce chromosomally-determined class i beta-lactamases. when synthesized copiously these enzymes cause resistance to almost all beta-lactams, except imipenem and, sometimes, carbenicillin and tenocillin. elevated beta-lactamase production arises transiently, via induction, in pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacter, citrobacter, morganella, indole-positive proteus and serratia spp. when these organisms are exposed to beta-lactams. perma ...	1987	3311738
[comparative in vitro study of the antimicrobial activity of ceftazidime against clinical isolates].	the antimicrobial activity of ceftazidime was tested against 1482 gram-negative and 1216 gram-positive strains isolated from fresh clinical specimens and compared with generally used antibiotics including other third generation cephalosporins and broad spectrum penicillins. minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined in a broth dilution test on microtiter plates. in the group of the gram-negative bacteria ceftazidime was the most active of the antimicrobial agents tested with an mic of 0.5 ...	1987	3312026
[the antimicrobial activity of sisomicin against fresh clinical isolates].	antimicrobial activities of sisomicin (siso) against clinical isolates obtained in the second half of 1986 were investigated together with other 4 aminoglycosides (ags) (gentamicin (gm), tobramycin (tob), dibekacin (dkb), amikacin (amk] and 2 cephems (cefotiam, cefotaxime), and were compared to the results reported in the period of late 1970's through early 1980's in japan. 1. the incidence of siso-resistant staphylococcus aureus in the present study was 18% and is comparable to that of the othe ...	1987	3327965
citrobacter diversus and neonatal brain abscess.	a 23-day-old infant presented with apnea and was found to have citrobacter diversus meningitis and brain abscess. the organism persisted in brain abscess fluid for over 4 weeks despite adequate antibiotic therapy. cranial computed tomography demonstrated persistent radiolucencies in both frontal lobes, and midline shift, long after completion of antibiotic therapy. effective therapy of c. diversus meningitis and brain abscess may require use of an antibiotic active within phagocytes, and judicio ...	1987	3334014
[effect of silver preparations on the microflora regenerated from a condensate of atmospheric water vapor in a hermetically-sealed chamber].	the effect of different silver compounds (silver sulphate, silver nitrate, electrolytic ionic silver) on microorganisms in water reclaimed from the atmospheric condensate in an enclosed environment was investigated. the following microorganisms were examined: alcaligenes faecalis, citrobacter freundii. aeromonas hydrophila, staphylococcus epidermidis, etc. the ionic silver concentrations in solution varied from 0.1 to 10 mg/l. the efficiency of the silver compounds was found to depend on the mic ...	1987	2886695
ceftazidime and amikacin alone and in combination against pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacteriaceae.	the efficacy of ceftazidime alone and combined with amikacin was studied in a rabbit model simulating closed-space infections at locally neutropenic sites. six strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, and six enterobacteriaceae (two strains each of klebsiella pneumoniae and serratia marcescens and one strain each of escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii) in pooled rabbit serum were each inoculated into separate subcutaneous semipermeable chambers. intramuscular antibiotic therapy was begun 4 hr la ...	1987	3100127
inhibition of colonization of the chicken alimentary tract with salmonella typhimurium gram-negative facultatively anaerobic bacteria.	oral administration of strains of food poisoning salmonellas to day-old chickens produced a profound inhibition in the subsequent colonization of the caeca by a strain of salmonella typhimurium given one day later. closely related genera were unable to produce a similar inhibition. the inhibition was not the result of bacteriophages produced by the first strain. neither was it the result of an immunological response by the host induced by the first strain. in additional experiments in day-old ch ...	1987	2954839
the arac gene of citrobacter freundii.	the arac gene of citrobacter freundii was cloned into plasmid pbr322 and expressed in escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium. the nucleotide sequence and the predicted translational product were determined and compared to those of e. coli, s. typhimurium and erwinia carotovora. the predicted translational product is 281 amino acids (aa) long, identical in size to that of s. typhimurium, and is 11 and 29 aa shorter than that of e. coli and e. carotovora, respectively. the nucleotide sequence ...	1987	2965663
further differentiation of enterobacteriaceae by means of siderophore-pattern analysis.	by means of a combination of 5 siderophore bioassays using several indicator strains, genera, species and subspecies of enterobacteriaceae can be further differentiated. enterobactin, aerobactin and other siderophores produced can be detected. each strain shows specific pattern which we called siderophore-pattern. it is easy to separate morganella, proteus, providencia, yersinia strains from the genera salmonella, shigella, escherichia coli, enterobacter, citrobacter, klebsiella, serratia. enter ...	1988	2970195
transcriptional regulation and gene arrangement of escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii and salmonella typhimurium biotin operons.	the bio operons of citrobacter freundii and escherichia coli k-12 (strain c600) were isolated by screening lambda banks for complementation of e. coli bio mutants. these were compared with the previously isolated bio operon of salmonella typhimurium and previous data on e. coli k-12. the restriction maps of the operon are very different in the three species, but no difference in gene order was found. operator-promoter dna, identified by repressible titration and by biotin-repressible transcripti ...	1988	2971595
characterization of citrobacter diversus strains causing neonatal meningitis.	we studied 17 strains of citrobacter diversus isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of infants with meningitis and compared these strains with 21 strains isolated from other body sites. the two groups of strains were similar with respect to biotype, piliation, hemolysin production, and resistance to the killing effects of serum. by using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we found that 14 (82%) of 17 strains from cerebrospinal fluid, but only two (10%) of 21 strains isola ...	1988	2891771
the bacterial flora of neonates in intensive care-monitoring and manipulation.	unlike healthy babies, newborns hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) are colonized with bacterial flora that reflects their exposure to pathogens in the nicu, not bacterial acquired from mother in the perinatal period. for example, nosocomial gram-negative bacilli, such as klebsiella, enterobacter, and citrobacter but not escherichia coli tend to colonize the gastrointestinal tract. colonization with gram-negative bacilli generally is a prerequisite for nosocomial infection wi ...	1988	2896731
infections with gram-negative bacilli in a cardiac surgery intensive care unit: the relative role of enterobacter.	a 7-month prospective survey for cefazolin-resistant gram-negative bacilli in cardiac surgery patients, receiving cefazolin prophylaxis, showed that 58 (67%) of 87 were colonized with enterobacter, 37 (64%) with citrobacter, 33 (57%) with pseudomonas aeruginosa, and seven (2%) with serratia marcescens. about 50% of colonization occurred before cefazolin prophylaxis and was present on admission to the intensive care unit. typing of strains showed that horizontal transmission accounted for at most ...	1988	2896734
[microflora of the drinking water regenerated from atmospheric moisture condensate in hermetically sealed quarters].	in an enclosed environment the species composition of microorganisms was quantified and metabolic processes in microbial cells isolated from the atmospheric condensate and reclaimed water were investigated. it was demonstrated that indicator microorganisms isolated from water and condensate samples (alcaligenes faecalis, citrobacter freundii, aeromonas hydrophila, acinetobacter-moraxella) were specific and differed from indicator microorganisms typical of regular tap water.	1988	2898035
prior antimicrobial therapy and resistance of enterobacter citrobacter and serratia to third generation cephalosporins.	during a 6-month period all inpatients from whom enterobacter, citrobacter or serratia. had been isolated were reviewed and information on selected variables recorded. two groups, one including 19 patients with organisms resistant to third generation cephalosporins and the other 111 patients with susceptible organisms were compared. in the initial analysis, the mean number of antimicrobials received in the prior 2 months was the variable most strongly associated with isolation of resistant organ ...	1988	2899583
[frequency of in vitro sensitivity to netilmicin and ceftizoxime on selected highly resistant flora in surgical intensive therapy].	the in vitro sensitivity of 132 gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains to netilmycin and ceftizoxime was assessed in order to update the statistics on the a priori efficacy of the antibacterial drugs. the flora studied were carefully selected as an extreme case of resistance to the standard antibiotics. netilmycin was found to be effective against staphylococci, pseudomonas and enterobacter, ceftizoxime against serratia, acinetobacter, proteus and klebsiella. both drugs were equally e ...	1988	3162558
[susceptibilities of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents. focusing mainly on ofloxacin (first report). reported by the research group for testing ofloxacin susceptibility of clinical isolates].	susceptibility tests were carried out on a variety of clinically isolated pathogens using the susceptibility disc method at 197 hospitals in japan between may, 1985 through march, 1986. these tests were organized by the research group for testing ofloxacin susceptibility on clinical isolates, and the results were statistically analyzed. this paper describes a comparison of susceptibilities of clinical isolates including staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococcus faecalis, st ...	1988	3163383
in vitro activity of lomefloxacin (sc-47111; ny-198), a difluoroquinolone 3-carboxylic acid, compared with those of other quinolones.	lomefloxacin (sc-47111; ny-198) is a new difluoroquinolone agent. it inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., proteus mirabilis, morganella morganii, proteus vulgaris, serratia marcescens, salmonella spp., shigella spp., aeromonas spp., yersinia spp., haemophilus influenzae, and neisseria gonorrhoeae at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml. lomefloxacin inhibited 90% of pseudomonas aeruginosa at 4 micrograms/ml. lomefloxacin was equal in activity ...	1988	3164987
deep infection of the hand.		1988	3172615
vertical transmission of citrobacter diversus from mother to infant.		1988	3174312
[susceptibility of gram-negative bacterial isolates to six beta-lactam and two aminoglycoside antibiotics at our university hospital].	susceptibilities of gram-negative bacterial strains isolated at the university hospital in 1987 to six beta-lactam antibiotics (azthreonam cefmetazole, ceftizoxime, latamoxef, aminobenzyl-penicillin and piperacillin) and two aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamicin and amikacin) were examined by agar dilution and the agar diffusion method. results obtained from both methods correlated well in most of the strains. most of the strains belonging to escherichia coli, klebsiella oxytoca, klebsiella pne ...	1988	3175388
citrobacter as a frequent urinary pathogen in hospitalised patients.		1988	3182032
comparative in-vitro activity of tigemonam, a new monobactam.	the in-vitro activity against gram-negative aerobic bacterial pathogens of a new oral monobactam, tigemonam, was compared with those of amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, aztreonam, cefaclor, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole and gentamicin, by an agar-dilution method. tigemonam inhibited 90% of strains tested of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus spp., salmonella spp., haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis at concentrations of 0.25 mg/l or below. the mic90 fo ...	1988	3182428
antimicrobial activity of ly163892, an orally administered 1-carbacephem.	ly163892 was found to be similar to cefaclor and slightly superior to cephalexin in antimicrobial activity and spectrum. bacteria with mic50 less than or equal to 8.0 mg/l included escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus mirabilis, citrobacter diversus, haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, pathogenic neisseria spp., oxacillin-susceptible staphylococci, and streptococcus spp. strains that produced plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases generally remained susceptible to ly163892. ly163892 ...	1988	3182429
in vitro activity of u-76,252 (cs-807), a new oral cephalosporin.	u-76,252 is the prodrug of u-76,253. mics of u-76,253 were 0.015 to 0.06 microgram/ml for greater than or equal to 90% of the strains of streptococcus spp., haemophilus influenzae, and proteus mirabilis; 0.25 to 1 microgram/ml for branhamella catarrhalis, escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., and citrobacter diversus; 1 to 8 micrograms/ml for staphylococcus spp.; and 2 to greater than 16 micrograms/ml for other members of the family enterobacteriaceae and aeromonas hydrophila; for 72% of the latter ...	1988	3190194
[the microbial factor in the chemiluminescence of the peripheral blood neutrophils of patients with suppurative surgical infection].	the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of neutrophils in the peripheral blood of 30 healthy adults and 39 patients with the local and generalized forms of purulent infection was studied. nonstimulated chemiluminescence and the index of chemiluminescence stimulation in the presence of opsonized staphylococcus aureus added in vitro were determined. the former characteristic was found to be directly and the latter one, inversely related to the concentration of s. aureus, escherichia coli and candi ...	1988	3195269
[clinical laboratory approach for estimating effective administrative dose of cefuzonam. evaluation of disc susceptibility test and its interpretation system].	in vitro activities of cefuzonam (czon) against 273 clinical isolates were studied through the evaluation of mic's and the results of disc susceptibility test. the mic's were determined using the agar dilution method at an inoculum level of 10(6)cfu/ml. the mic80's of czon against streptococcus pneumoniae, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, haemophilus influenzae and citrobacter spp. were less than 0.20 microgram/ml. the mic80's against serratia marcesc ...	1988	3204654
mechanistic deductions from kinetic isotope effects and ph studies of pyridoxal phosphate dependent carbon-carbon lyases: erwinia herbicola and citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase.	the ph dependence of the kinetic parameters and primary deuterium isotope effects have been determined for tyrosine phenol-lyase from both erwinia herbicola and citrobacter freundii. the primary deuterium isotope effects indicate that proton abstraction from the 2-position of the substrate is partially rate-limiting for both enzymes. the c. freundii enzyme primary deuterium isotope effects [dv = 3.5 and d(v/ktyr) = 2.5] are ph independent, indicating that tyrosine is not sticky (i.e., does not d ...	1988	3207679
[antibacterial activities of monobactams against fresh clinical isolates].	antibacterial activities of monobactam antibiotics (carumonam (crmn) and aztreonam (azt] against gram-negative bacilli isolated from inpatients in the latter half of 1987 were investigated using penicillin (pc: piperacillin (pipc], cephems (ceps: ceftazidime (caz), cefotaxime (ctx), latamoxef (lmox), cefsulodin (cfs], carbapenem (imipenem (ipm] and pyridonecarboxylic acids (norfloxacin (nflx) and ofloxacin (oflx] as reference antibiotics. a total of 400 strains of 13 species, i.e. escherichia co ...	1988	3210297
pathogenesis of brain abscess caused by citrobacter diversus or enterobacter sakazakii.		1988	3211637
[in vitro synergy between cefotaxime and its main metabolite, desacetylcefotaxime].	in vitro synergistic interaction between cefotaxime (ctx) and its main metabolite, desacetyl-cefotaxime (dctx), against 7 species of clinical isolates (23-27 strains per species) was examined. complete or partial synergy was noted with a 1:1 combination of ctx and dctx against 22-78% of the bacteroides fragilis, staphylococcus aureus, citrobacter freundii, pseudomonas cepacia and enterobacter cloacae isolates examined. antagonistic effects of the drugs appeared against 11% of proteus vulgaris an ...	1988	3216482
in vitro activity of cefixime, a new oral cephalosporin.	the in vitro activities of cefixime and seven comparative oral antimicrobials were studied. mic90s of cefixime were 0.015-1 micrograms/ml for haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, escherichia coli, klebsiella, citrobacter diversus, proteus, providencia, aeromonas hydrophila and streptococcus. mic90s for other enterobacteriaceae were greater than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml; 44% of those strains were inhibited by less than or equal 1 microgram/ml. staphylococcus, psuedomonas aeruginosa ...	1988	3219746
survival of coliforms and bacterial pathogens within protozoa during chlorination.	the susceptibility of coliform bacteria and bacterial pathogens to free chlorine residuals was determined before and after incubation with amoebae and ciliate protozoa. viability of bacteria was quantified to determine their resistance to free chlorine residuals when ingested by laboratory strains of acanthamoeba castellanii and tetrahymena pyriformis. cocultures of bacteria and protozoa were incubated to facilitate ingestion of the bacteria and then were chlorinated, neutralized, and sonicated ...	1988	3223766
an epizootic infection of citrobacter freundii in a guineapig colony: short communication.	an epizootic infection of citrobacter freundii in a guineapig colony is reported. from 1300 guineapigs maintained in a colony, a total of 115 guineapigs died. lesions found postmortem were suggestive of acute pneumonia and enteritis. citrobacter freundii was consistently isolated from necropsy specimens of lung, liver, spleen and intestines of the animals. the source of infection was not ascertained.	1988	3230869
antibacterial activities of cefpodoxime, cefixime, and ceftriaxone.	cefpodoxime, cefixime, and ceftriaxone inhibited branhamella catarrhalis at less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml, beta-hemolytic streptococci at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml, neisseria meningitidis at less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml, and haemophilus influenzae (other than beta-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-resistant isolates) at less than or equal to 0.12 microgram/ml. the mics for 50% of isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae other than citrobacter freundii, enterobacter ...	1988	3245701
clinical efficacy of carumonam.	carumonam is a new n-sulfo-beta-lactam antibiotic active against aerobic gram-negative bacteria. an open study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerance of carumonam with either 1 g t.i.d. (group a) or 2 g t.i.d. (group b) in bacterial septicaemia or severe sepsis. a total of 24 patients (14 men and 10 women) were included in the study, their ages ranged from 48-87 years (mean age 59). eighteen patients were treated for bacteraemia, three for bronchopneumonia, two for urinar ...	1988	3246211
bmy-28100, a new oral cephalosporin: antimicrobial activity against nearly 7,000 recent clinical isolates, comparative potency with other oral agents, and activity against beta-lactamase producing isolates.	the antimicrobial activity of bmy-28100 was tested against approximately 7,000 bacterial pathogens in a multicenter, multiphased collaborative investigation. the bmy-28100 spectrum and antimicrobial potency was most similar to that of cefaclor and superior to that of cephalexin among currently available cephalosporins. species that had greater than or equal to 90% of clinical strains inhibited by bmy-28100 (less than or equal to 8.0 micrograms/ml) were: citrobacter diversus, escherichia coli, kl ...	1988	3259489
isolation of a cephalosporinase inhibitor derived from cloxacillin sulfone in the presence of phosphate anions.		1988	3260231
sequence and comparative analysis of three enterobacter cloacae ampc beta-lactamase genes and their products.	the sequences of three enterobacter cloacae ampc beta-lactamase genes have been determined. the deduced amino acid sequences are very similar: out of a total of 361 residues, only eight positions were found to be variable, and several mutations yielded residues with very similar properties. the kinetic properties of two of the enzymes were not significantly different. the three enzymes also exhibited a high degree of homology (greater than 70%) with the ampc beta-lactamases of escherichia coli k ...	1988	3260487
on the kinetic interaction between ceftriaxone and some beta-lactamases.	the activity of beta-lactamases from citrobacter diversus ula-27 on ceftriaxone, a widely recognized third-generation cephalosporin, has been examined and compared to the activity of various other beta-lactamases from different sources. ceftriaxone (roche s.p.a. milan) was found to be resistant to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases from enterobacter cloacae and bacillus cereus, but susceptible to beta-lactamases from mycobacterium fortuitum strain cow 18 and, mostly, to beta-lactamases from various s ...	1988	3260552
in vitro activity of an oral iminomethoxy aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, r-3746.	the in vitro activity of r-3746, an iminomethoxy aminothiazolyl cephalosporin with a ch2och3 moiety at position 3, was compared with those of other antibiotics. r-3746 inhibited the majority of hemolytic streptococci (groups a, b, c, f, and g) and streptococcus pneumoniae at less than 0.06 micrograms/ml, which was comparable to the activity of amoxicillin, 2- to 8-fold more active than cefixime, and 16- to 64-fold more active than cefaclor and cephalexin. ninety percent of beta-lactamase-produci ...	1988	3260766
activity of temocillin and other penicillins against beta-lactamase-inducible and -stably derepressed enterobacteria.	mics of temocillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin and ampicillin were determined for mutant series of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, proteus vulgaris, morganella morganii and serratia marcescens with inducible, stably derepressed or basal expression of chromosomal class i beta-lactamases. ampicillin was inactive (mic greater than 256 mg/l) both against beta-lactamase-inducible organisms (except c. freundii) and their stably derepressed mutants, whereas basal ...	1988	3263354
amino acid sequence, active-site residue, and effect of suicide inhibitors on cephalosporinase of citrobacter freundii gn346.	the structural gene for a cephalosporinase of citrobacter freundii gn346 was sequenced. from the nucleotide sequence, the entire amino acid sequence of the mature enzyme with 361 amino acids and a molecular weight of 39,867 was determined. the active-site serine was directly confirmed to be serine 64 by studies in which the enzyme was labeled with dansylpenicillin. in investigations comparing the inhibitory effect of sulbactam (penicillanic acid sulfone) and cloxacillin sulfone on the cephalospo ...	1988	3263684
citrobacter diversus ula-27 beta-lactamases. improved purification and general properties.	two chromosome-encoded beta-lactamases have been purified from citrobacter diversus ula-27. they exhibited slightly different isoelectric points (6.8 and 6.2) and very similar mr values (congruent to 29,000). their specificity spectrum was rather wide, since they hydrolysed some cephalosporins with kcat: values similar to those observed with the best penicillin substrates. cloxacillin, methicillin and imipenem were hydrolysed very slowly. hydrolysis of azthreonam could not be detected.	1988	3264152
in vitro activity of the combination trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole compared with that of other chemotherapeutic agents.	for many years now, the combination trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole (active ingredients of bactrim) has proved to be an effective chemotherapeutic agent with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, including beta-hemolytic streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci, haemophilus influenza, escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, klebsiella, enterobacter and citrobacter. in this comparative study, the antibacterial activity ...	1988	3264166
pathogenesis of brain abscess formation in an infant rat model of citrobacter diversus bacteremia and meningitis.	the pathogenesis of citrobacter diversus meningitis and brain abscess was studied in infant rats. two-day-old rats were inoculated intraperitoneally and intranasally with c. diversus. c. diversus strain 4277, lacking the 32,000-molecular-weight outer membrane protein that appears to be a marker for strains causing meningitis in human neonates, was more likely to produce bacteremia, meningitis, and death in rats than was strain 4036, which possesses this outer membrane protein. strain 4036 was, h ...	1988	3335794
[nosocomial infections of the urinary tract in urology patients].	researches effected in different nations have revealed that 5-12% of all hospitalized patients was affected with a nosocomial infection and that almost 1/3 of these were urinary tract infections. the hospitalized urological patients have a considerable proneness to contract a nosocomial urinary tract infection, because they are subjected to transurethral or suprapubic bladder catheterisms, to transurethral surgery and to the endoscopies, that are promoting maneuvers the urinary tract infections. ...	1988	3340313
a survey of clinical experience with ciprofloxacin, a new quinolone antimicrobial.	ciprofloxacin is a new quinolone antimicrobial agent with activity against a broad spectrum of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, including pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococci. the efficacy and safety results of 80 clinical studies of the oral form of ciprofloxacin are reported. drug safety was assessed in 2236 courses in 2203 adult patients treated primarily in the united states. data from 1676 courses were suitable for analysis of drug efficacy. th ...	1988	3360968
application of optical properties of the vi capsular polysaccharide for quantitation of the vi antigen in vaccines for typhoid fever.	the capsular polysaccharide of salmonella typhi and of citrobacter freundii (vi) is a linear homopolymer of alpha 1,4-linked n-acetylgalactosaminuronic acid, variably o-acetylated at the c-3 position. vaccines composed of vi confer protection against typhoid fever with an efficacy of about 70%; vi has recently been conjugated to proteins to increase its immunogenicity and effectiveness (i.l. acharya, r. tapa, v.l. gurubacharya, m.b. shrestha, c.u. lowe, d.d. bryla, r. schneerson, j.b. robbins, t ...	1988	3366868
vertical transmission of citrobacter diversus from mother to infant.		1988	3368261
carriage of citrobacter diversus among young children in baltimore.		1988	3368273
kell blood group activity of gram-negative bacteria.	to understand better the relationships between blood-group antigens and bacterial constituents, examples of 23 gram-negative bacteria (representing the 10 genera citrobacter, edwardsiella, enterobacter, escherichia, klebsiella, proteus, pseudomonas, salmonella, serratia, and shigella) were tested for the presence of kl-like antigens by hemagglutination-inhibition (hai) assays against both igg and igm anti-kl. saline-suspended whole organisms, cell-free culture media, and disrupted organisms were ...	1988	3368935
[interaction of tyrosine-phenol-lyase from citrobacter intermedius with amino acids and their derivatives: factors determining the effectiveness of binding].	the inhibition by l-amino acids and their derivatives of tyrosine phenol-lyase is investigated. tyramine, alpha-phenylethylamine and tryptamine have no detectable inhibition effect and hence are weakly bonded by an active site. the aromatic amino acid amides are competitive inhibitors but do not manifest an enzymatic isotope exchange of alpha-proton in d2o. free amino acids however are competitive inhibitors and in the majority of cases exchange alpha-proton. the presence of cooh-group is theref ...	1988	3374486
crystallization and crystal data on tyrosine phenol-lyase.	crystals of the apoenzyme of tyrosine phenol-lyase (ec 4.1.99.2), a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme from citrobacter intermedius, have been grown by vapor diffusion of an ammonium sulfate solution to a protein solution. the crystals belong to space group p2(1)2(1)2, with dimensions of a = 75.5 a, b = 138.4 a and c = 94.1 a and diffract up to 2.7 a resolution. the asymmetric unit contains one half of the enzyme tetrameric molecule. two heavy-atom derivatives of the crystals have been obta ...	1988	3378628
the phylogenetic origin of the bifunctional tyrosine-pathway protein in the enteric lineage of bacteria.	because bifunctional enzymes are distinctive and highly conserved products of relatively infrequent gene-fusion events, they are particularly useful markers to identify clusters of organisms at different hierarchical levels of a phylogenetic tree. within the subdivision of gram-negative bacteria known as superfamily b, there are two distinctive types of tyrosine-pathway dehydrogenases: (1) a broad-specificity dehydrogenase (recently termed cyclohexadienyl dehydrogenase [cdh]) that can utilize ei ...	1988	3386529
activity of cefotaxime and amikacin against 14,272 gram-negative bacteria from clinical samples in the period 1980 to 1985.	the sensitivity to cefotaxime and amikacin of 14,272 gram-negative bacilli (enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli) isolated from clinical samples was studied during the period 1980 to 1985. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) was determined by means of diffusion in agar. strains were considered resistant to cefotaxime and amikacin if the mic values were greater than 16 mg/l and greater than 8 mg/l, respectively. the mic90 reached the critical value for cefotaxime in ...	1988	3396470
structure elucidation of the core regions from citrobacter o4 and o36 lipopolysaccharides by chemical and enzymatic methods, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and nmr spectroscopy at 500 mhz.	novel enterobacterial core oligosaccharides were isolated from citrobacter o4 and o36 lipopolysaccharides, and their structures were determined by methylation analysis, smith degradation and enzymatic degradations, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and two-dimensional phase-sensitive correlated, relayed coherence transfer, double-quantum, triple-quantum-filtered, and nuclear overhauser effect (noe) 1h nmr spectroscopy at 500 mhz. in the formulas, all hexose residues are d-hexopyranoses, and ...	1988	3415978
induction of chromosomal beta-lactamases by different concentrations of clavulanic acid in combination with ticarcillin.	the effect of different concentrations of clavulanic acid (ca) in combination with ticarcillin on beta-lactamase production and ticarcillin mic was studied in four clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, citrobacter freundii and indole positive proteus strains. ticarcillin alone showed a low inducing effect for all species tested, ser. marcescens excepted. the increase in beta-lactamase activity after addition of ca (2-10 mg/l) was strain and speci ...	1988	3128523
high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of demethylmenaquinone and menaquinone mixtures from bacteria.	demethylmenaquinone and menaquinone mixtures from some species of enterobacteria were analysed by reverse-phase partition high-performance liquid chromatography. this method allowed clear separation and quantitative determination of these quinone components.	1988	3131293
[the use of uv rays for the disinfection of water. i. microbiologic studies of drinking water].	as a physical disinfection method without chemicals required the ultraviolet irradiation was tested for disinfection of drinking water. the survival was measured as a function of exposure to radiation for s. enteritidis, e. cloacae, c. freundii, s. marcescens, e. coli, k. pneumoniae und s. faecium. the bacteria were grown in trypton soya broth until they were well into the exponential phase. two different uv-disinfection units were tested. both consist of cylindrical shaped chambers with one low ...	1988	3131986
in vitro activity of temafloxacin, a new difluoro quinolone antimicrobial agent.	temafloxacin, a new difluoro quinolone, inhibited the majority of enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml. it was 4-8-fold less active than ciprofloxacin and 2-fold less active than ofloxacin. cefotaxime and imipenem-resistant isolates such as enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and acinetobacter spp. were inhibited. temafloxacin inhibited neisseria, branhamella, and haemophilus species at less than 0.25 microgram/ml. methicillin-susceptible and ...	1988	3132380
in vitro evaluation of e1040, a new cephalosporin with potent antipseudomonal activity.	e1040 is a new parenteral cephalosporin with a broad antibacterial spectrum and potent antipseudomonal activity. the compound was four- to eightfold more active than ceftazidime and cefsulodin against pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic of e1040 for 90% of strains tested [mic90], 3.13 micrograms/ml). e1040 also showed a potent activity against other glucose-nonfermentative rods, including acinetobacter species. the activities of e1040 against most species of the family enterobacteriaceae were roughly co ...	1988	3134847
sonography of brain abscesses complicating citrobacter neonatal meningitis.	the incidence of cerebral complications from citrobacter meningitis is high, and these problems are often difficult to diagnose clinically. cranial sonography provides the ideal imaging modality to detect the early complications of meningitis and the problems that may occur during or after treatment. early and serial use of cranial sonography should help to preserve brain tissue and minimize the long-term neurologic deficits that arise from this disease.	1988	3276337
rapidec ur, a 2-h miniaturized system for pinpointing uropathogens.	a miniaturized 2-h system (rapidec ur; api system, la balme-les-grottes, montalieu-vercieu, france) that uses nine enzymatic tests for the diagnosis of most uropathogens was challenged with 330 strains. with few exceptions (citrobacter, enterobacter, and providencia spp., morganella morganii, and staphylococci other than staphylococcus saprophyticus), there were distinct patterns that allowed at least a preliminary species diagnosis.	1988	3277991
cephalosporinase interactions and antimicrobial activity of bmy-28142, ceftazidime and cefotaxime.	cephalosporinases of enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii were responsible for resistance to newer cephalosporins such as cefotaxime and ceftazidime but not bmy-28142. interaction of these cephalosporins including hydrolysis, binding, inhibition, and inactivation with cephalosporinases from e. cloacae gn7471 and c. freundii gn7391 were studied. bmy-28142 was much more stable against the both enzymes than cephalothin, but more hydrolyzable than cefotaxime and ceftazidime at higher concen ...	1988	3279015
tigemonam, an oral monobactam.	tigemonam is an orally administered monobactam. at less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml it inhibited the majority of strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., enterobacter aerogenes, citrobacter diversus, proteus spp., providencia spp., aeromonas hydrophila, salmonella spp., shigella spp., serratia marcescens, and yersinia enterocolitica. at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml it inhibited haemophilus spp., neisseria spp., and branhamella catarrhalis. it did not inhibit pseudomonas spp. ...	1988	3279906
a fluorescent enzyme immunoassay for salmonella detection.	a double antibody sandwich immunoassay (eia) was developed for the detection of salmonella. the assay utilizes a beta-galactosidase-murine myeloma monoclonal antibody (m467) conjugate prepared with the heterobifunctional coupling reagent, n-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (spdp) and uses 4-methyl umbelliferyl beta-d-galactoside as a fluorogenic substrate for the enzyme. the eia is sensitive and rapid, and compared favorably with the conventional cultural technique in the analysis of ...	1988	3283171
evaluation of the ids rapid ss/u system for rapid identification of urinary microorganisms.	the accuracy of a new rapid identification system for common urinary pathogens was compared with that of conventional methods and of miniaturized 18-24-hour identification panels. the rapid system, rapid ss/u (innovative diagnostic system inc., atlanta, ga) is a non-growth-dependent micro-method that identifies selected gram-negative bacilli, gram-positive cocci, and yeasts in two hours by detection of constitutive enzymes acting on chromogenic substrates. a total of 185 representative clinical ...	1988	3285661
[clinical evaluation of ceftriaxone in the treatment of neonatal infections].	ceftriaxone (ctrx) was administered to the newborn and its clinical effectiveness as well as its blood and cerebrospinal fluid levels were studied. 1. average blood levels of ctrx 1 hour after single intravenous administration were 39 micrograms/ml in 2 cases receiving about 10 mg/kg, 70 micrograms/ml in 2 other cases receiving 20 mg/kg and 208 micrograms/ml in one receiving 52.6 mg/kg. as is apparent from these cases data, blood levels of ctrx were dose dependent. blood levels of the drug were ...	1988	3286924