Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| disk diffusion versus broth microdilution susceptibility testing of haemophilus species and moraxella catarrhalis using seven oral antimicrobial agents: application of updated susceptibility guidelines of the national committee for clinical laboratory standards. | susceptibility testing of haemophilus species and moraxella catarrhalis is medium and inoculum dependent. seven oral agents, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefaclor, loracarbef, cefuroxime-axetil, cefixime, and erythromycin, were tested against 400 beta-lactamase-positive and -negative clinically significant respiratory strains of haemophilus species and 100 strains of m. catarrhalis. sources of the strains included teaching and regional hospitals and a private laboratory. all strains ... | 1994 | 7852573 |
| pneumonia in a nursing home. | the authors studied nursing home residents serologically to determine whether atypical organisms were causes of radiologic pneumonia. the study was conducted at the wisconsin veterans home, a facility with on-site microbiology and x-ray. over one year, serologic examinations for legionella, mycoplasma, and chlamydia were conducted for the residents who had pneumonia. cultures and mortality were reviewed. fifty-six episodes were studied (mean resident age 78 years). there was no fourfold titer ch ... | 1994 | 7853075 |
| [pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on cefozopran in children]. | pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on cefozopran (czop) were performed in children. the results were as followed: 1. a total of 13 patients were treated with czop. the tested dose was 20 mg/kg (50 mg/kg in maxillary sinusitis), and the drug administered via intravenous bolus injection or 30-minute intravenous drip infusion 3 times daily, for 3-11 days. clinical efficacies of czop in 13 patients with bacterial infections (11 with pneumonia, 1 with otitis media and 1 with maxill ... | 1994 | 7853676 |
| [pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefozopran in the field of pediatrics]. | blood and urine levels of cefozopran (czop) were determined, and its efficacy and safety profile was evaluated in the field of pediatrics. the results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. blood levels of czop peaked in 30 minutes to 1 hour (initial blood collection) after intravenous administration at a dose of 20 or 40 mg/kg. its blood levels at 6 hours after intravenous administration were 1.6 micrograms/ml (hplc) or 1.9 micrograms/ml (bioassay) at a dose of 20 mg/kg and 2.9 to 9.1 micr ... | 1994 | 7853687 |
| influenza complicated by moraxella catarrhalis bacteremia. | 1994 | 7854902 | |
| significance of isolation of moraxella catarrhalis in routine cultures from the respiratory tract in adults: antibody response studied in a whole cell eia. | the significance of the isolation of moraxella catarrhalis from sputum or nasopharynx was studied in patients treated at an infectious disease clinic. a whole-cell enzyme immunoassay was used to detect a specific antibody response to m. catarrhalis during infection. in all, 27 patients with respiratory tract infections and 4 with other infections were studied. titre rises were recorded in 11/23 patients with lower respiratory tract infections, whereas patients with common cold or infections else ... | 1994 | 7855552 |
| [microbiological aspects of antibiotics with immunomodulating action]. | through the introduction of a 7-mercapto-1,3-thiazole chain at position 3' of the dihydrothiazine ring, cefodizime, which is structurally similar to cefotaxime, has acquired a number of remarkable immunomodulatory properties while retaining a potent antimicrobial spectrum of activity. cefodizime penetrates in fact readily through the bacterial cell wall and interacts with its molecular targets in such a way that at high concentrations cell death and lysis are rapidly induced. its spectrum of act ... | 1994 | 7861204 |
| structural studies of the o-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis serotype a (strain atcc 25238). | the polysaccharide of the moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis serotype a lipopolysaccharide was prepared by mild acid hydrolysis followed by gel permeation chromatography. the structure was established by methylation analysis, mass spectrometry, and nmr spectroscopy. it is concluded that the o-antigenic polysaccharide has the following structure. [formula see text] methylation analysis of the intact lipopolysaccharide showed that the lipid a portion consisted of 6-substituted glucosamine residue ... | 1994 | 7516823 |
| stability in the presence of widespread beta-lactamases. a prerequisite for the antibacterial activity of beta-lactam drugs. | bacterial resistance to the beta-lactam drugs is extremely widespread, as a result of extensive drug use. loss of susceptibility is primarily attributable to hydrolysis by inactivating enzymes, namely the beta-lactamases. while the number of characterised beta-lactamases may exceed 100, only a few are a problem in the treatment of community-acquired infections (tem-1, tem-2, shv-1, bro-1). chromosomally mediated and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases are usually dominant in nosocomial pathogens w ... | 1994 | 7518761 |
| phylogenetic relationships between some members of the genera neisseria, acinetobacter, moraxella, and kingella based on partial 16s ribosomal dna sequence analysis. | we obtained 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) sequence data for strains belonging to 11 species of proteobacteria, including the type strains of kingella kingae, neisseria lactamica, neisseria meningitidis, moraxella lacunata subsp. lacunata, [neisseria] ovis, moraxella catarrhalis, moraxella osloensis, [moraxella] phenylpyruvica, and acinetobacter lwoffii, as well as strains of neisseria subflava and acinetobacter calcoaceticus. the data in a distance matrix constructed by comparing the sequences suppor ... | 1994 | 7520730 |
| a large, antigenically conserved protein on the surface of moraxella catarrhalis is a target for protective antibodies. | a monoclonal antibody (mab) to moraxella catarrhalis o35e bound to a surface-exposed epitope of a proteinaceous antigen of this organism. the antigen, designated uspa, was present in every strain of the pathogen tested in a colony blot ria. uspa had a molecular mass on sds-page that varied between 300 and 400 kda, depending on the individual m. catarrhalis strain. passive immunization of mice with the uspa-reactive mab enhanced pulmonary clearance of m. catarrhalis. use of this mab to screen a m ... | 1994 | 7523537 |
| roxithromycin. an update of its antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use. | roxithromycin is a derivative of the macrolide antibacterial erythromycin with in vitro antibacterial activity resembling that of the parent compound. the drug has activity against some staphylococcus spp., many streptococcus spp., moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila and chlamydia trachomatis as well as many less common organisms. measured using recently proposed guidelines, roxithromycin has in vitro activity against haemophilus influenzae. in comp ... | 1994 | 7527329 |
| influence of gm allotype on the igg subclass response to streptococcal m protein and outer membrane proteins of moraxella catarrhalis. | the igg antibody response to streptococcal m protein is distributed between the igg1 and igg3 subclasses, however individual sera vary with respect to the relative amounts of these two subclasses. the basis of this variation was investigated. sera were also analysed for igg subclass antibodies to the outer membrane proteins (omp) of moraxella catarrhalis, as these have also been reported to have a major igg3 component. the mean percentage of igg3 was higher in the antibody response to omp and th ... | 1994 | 7529743 |
| the in-vitro activity of fk-037, a new broad spectrum injectable cephalosporin. | the in-vitro activity of the parenteral cephem fk-037 was compared to those of cefpirome, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, cefixime, amoxycillin and co-amoxiclav. against the enterobacteriaceae fk-037 was generally > or = 16-fold more active than cefuroxime and two- to four-fold more active than ceftazidime and similar in activity to cefpirome. pseudomonas aeruginosa displayed similar susceptibilities to ceftazidime and fk-037 (mic90 4 and 8 mg/l respectively). methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureu ... | 1994 | 7706158 |
| children with persistent cough--outcome with treatment and role of moraxella catarrhalis? | 52 children with severe cough persisting for more than 10 days were randomized to treatment with amoxycillin/clavulanic acid or placebo in a prospective double-blinded study. clinically suspected cases of pertussis were excluded, yet 12 (23%) of the children had laboratory verified pertussis infection. the nasopharyngeal colonization showed a predominance of moraxella catarrhalis which was isolated in 37 (71%) children. streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae were isolated in 11 (20% ... | 1994 | 7710536 |
| rapid identification of pathogenic neisserias using the identicult-neisseria test. | a rapid enzymatic method using chromogenic substrates for the rapid identification of pathogenic neisseria (identicult-neisseria, scott laboratories inc., ca, usa) was tested in parallel with the rapid carbohydrate utilization test (rcut) and the phadebact monoclonal gc test against 198 consecutive clinical isolates of oxidase-positive gram-negative diplococci (118 neisseria gonorrhoeae, 76 n. meningitidis and four n. lactamica). on initial testing the identicult-neisseria gave a 95% overall con ... | 1994 | 7765397 |
| pulmonary penetration of dirithromycin in patients suffering from acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of dirithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic, in bronchial secretions (bs), bronchial mucosa (bm), epithelial lining fluid (elf) and serum in 25 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis after a 5-day, once-daily, dirithromycin regimen. all patients received dirithromycin, 500 mg (two 250 mg tablets) given orally once daily at 08.00 fasted, for 5 consecutive days. they were divided into five groups (n = 5 in each group) accord ... | 1994 | 7549225 |
| choosing between the new cephalosporin antibiotics: a pharmacodynamic approach. | the use of pharmacodynamic properties when formulating antibacterial administration guidelines can maximise the potential for efficacy while minimising the risk of toxicity. aminoglycosides and quinolones demonstrate concentration-dependent bactericidal killing, which is maximised when their concentrations appreciably exceed their minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) for an organism. beta-lactams demonstrate time-dependent or concentration-independent bactericidal killing, which is maximised ... | 1994 | 10147287 |
| isolation of moraxella catarrhalis from sputum specimens of malaysian patients. | moraxella catarrhalis has gained reputation as a pathogen in the lower respiratory tract especially in patients with underlying chronic lung diseases. it is considered significant when isolated from sputum specimens of adults with respiratory tract infections. a study was carried out to determine the prevalence of moraxella catarrhalis isolated in sputum specimens and beta-lactamase production of these isolates. sputum specimens sent to the bacteriology division, institute for medical research f ... | 1994 | 16329578 |
| cefuroxime axetil. | cefuroxime is the first commercially-available second-generation cephalosporine to be widely used in therapy; it is a semi-synthetic cephalosporin obtained from the 7-cephalosporanic acid nucleus of cephalosporin c. cefuroxime axetil is the acetoxyethyl ester of cefuroxime. the majority of micro-organisms associated with respiratory infections are highly sensitive to cefuroxime. these include haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes and the other streptococci (exc ... | 1994 | 18611587 |
| azithromycin: the first of the tissue-selective azalides. | the azalide azithromycin, which is derived from erythromycin, contains a methyl-substituted nitrogen in the lactone ring. this 15-membered expanded lactone ring results in improved acid stability and oral bioavailability compared with erythromycin. azithromycin possesses a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including enhanced activity compared with the macrolides against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. in vitro activity of azithromycin ... | 1995 | 18611663 |
| fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary disease in the immunocompromised host in northern alberta. | to determine the diagnostic utility of bronchoscopy in a population of immunocompromised hosts in northern alberta. | 1995 | 22550406 |
| community acquired, nursing home acquired and hospital acquired pneumonia: a five-year review of the clinical, bacteriological and radiological characteristics. | to assess the contemporary clinical, bacteriological and radiographic features of hospitalized patients with community acquired (ca), nursing home acquired (na) and hospital acquired pneumonia (ha) and to examine patient outcome. | 1995 | 22550412 |
| clarithromycin for children. | 1995 | 22416204 | |
| cefixime use in children: when and why. | 1995 | 22514398 | |
| epidemiological typing of moraxella catarrhalis by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. | pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) was used to compare 59 strains of moraxella catarrhalis to evaluate pfge for the epidemiological typing of this organism. pfge-generated patterns were compared with those obtained by small fragment restriction enzyme analysis (rea) and species-specific probe hybridization. the strains used in the study were isolated from various geographic locations and included proven epidemiologically related strains. pfge yielded more unique patterns than dna-dna hybrid ... | 1995 | 22514386 |
| five-year survey of cefotaxime resistance in spain. | during 1991-1995 a spain collaborative study group surveyed the resistance to cefotaxime both in community as well as in hospital isolates of bacteria. the isolates tested during the study period of 5 years were 813, 875, 3631, 3184, and 3050 strains, respectively. antimicrobial activity of cefotaxime was assayed by broth or agar microdilution, in accordance with criteria of the national committee of clinical laboratory standards (nccls). cefotaxime resistance included 2.5% of all isolates: 2.6% ... | 1995 | 9158804 |
| comparative in vitro activity of apalcillin alone and combined with ro 48-1220, a novel penam beta-lactamase inhibitor. | objective: the in vitro activity of apalcillin plus ro 48-1220, a novel penam sulfone beta-lactamase inhibitor, was compared with apalcillin alone, piperacillin/tazobactam, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, imipenem, ceftazidime and cefepime. methods: agar dilution and broth microdilution testing of 854 bacterial strains, subcultured from frozen stocks incubated for 24 h in 5% carbon dioxide, was carried out to determine the minimum bactericidal (mbc) and minimum inhibito ... | 1995 | 11866735 |
| bacterial infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. a study of stable and exacerbated outpatients using the protected specimen brush. | the lower airways of asymptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) patients can be colonized by bacteria, mainly haemophilus influenza, streptococcus pneumoniae, and moraxella catarrhalis. however, the role of lower airway bacteria in stable and exacerbated copd has not been well defined. to determine the importance of lower airway bacterial infection in copd we studied 40 outpatients with stable copd (group a: age 61.1 +/- 9.9 yr; [mean +/- sd]; fev1/fvc 51.7 +/- 12.5) and 29 outpat ... | 1995 | 7551388 |
| multicenter spanish study of ciprofloxacin susceptibility in gram-negative bacteria. the spanish study group on quinolone resistance. | the susceptibility of 2,426 gram-negative bacteria obtained from 18 spanish hospitals to ciprofloxacin was evaluated. among different medical centers, susceptibility to ciprofloxacin ranged from 83 to 100% for enterobacteriaceae, from 35 to 100% for pseudomonas aeruginosa, from 0 to 100% for xanthomonas maltophilia, acinetobacter spp. and other gram-negative non-fermenting bacilli, and from 33 to 100% for campylobacter spp. all clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis a ... | 1995 | 7556239 |
| adenovirus serotype 1 does not act synergistically with moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis to induce otitis media in the chinchilla. | a chinchilla model of otitis media in which adenovirus compromise of the tubotympanum facilitates the subsequent induction of middle ear disease was used to investigate moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis pathogenesis. intranasally inoculated m. catarrhalis did readily colonize the nasopharynx of this host; however, despite evidence of viral infection and tubotympanal compromise, m. catarrhalis did not induce culture-positive otitis media in this model. | 1995 | 7558341 |
| otitis media in a population of black american and white american infants, 0-2 years of age. | to determine the incidence of otitis media (om) and the bacteriology of acute otitis media (aom) in a clinic population of young children in pittsburgh, 138 black infants and 60 white infants were followed from birth to 2 years of age, examined at monthly intervals and whenever an upper respiratory tract infection (uri) or om intervened. by 24 months of age the cumulative incidence of episodes of aom was 43% and 42%, and of episodes of middle-ear effusion (mee) was 86% and 85% in black and white ... | 1995 | 7558637 |
| [clinical and bacteriological effects of cefetamet pivoxil against community-acquired respiratory tract infections]. | we investigated clinical and bacteriological effects of cefetamet pivoxil (cemt-pi) in community-acquired respiratory tract infections and obtained the following findings. 1. of the 420 respiratory tract infection cases that were treated with cemt-pi according to a same protocol at a total of 42 institutions in tokyo, kanagawa-ken, saitama-ken and chiba-ken from february to the beginning of april 1994, 359 cases in which clinical evaluations were considered possible were selected as the subjects ... | 1995 | 7563588 |
| antibiotic resistance among respiratory pathogens in preschool children. | to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among common respiratory pathogens circulating in the community. | 1995 | 7565207 |
| ceftibuten: a review of antimicrobial activity, spectrum and other microbiologic features. | ceftibuten is a new, orally administered cephalosporin with exceptional beta-lactamase stability and potency against commonly isolated gram-negative pathogens. more than 90% of recent enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates were inhibited by < or = 8 micrograms/ml of ceftibuten. in only five enteric species (citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter cloacae, morganella morganii, serratia marcescens) were more than 15% of strains resistant (minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic, wi ... | 1995 | 7567314 |
| postantibiotic effect of ceftibuten on respiratory pathogens. | the postantibiotic effect (pae) of ceftibuten, a novel beta-lactamase-stable cephem, was determined for streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. the ceftibuten pae after a 2-hour exposure to 2 micrograms/ml (4 x minimum inhibitory concentration) for s. pyogenes was 2.7 to > 10 hours. the pae for s. pneumoniae after a 2-hour exposure to 15 micrograms/ml, concentrations that are achieved in man after usual therapeutic doses, was 1.1 to 3.4 ... | 1995 | 7567315 |
| ceftibuten: minimal inhibitory concentrations, postantibiotic effect and beta-lactamase stability--a rationale for dosing programs. | ceftibuten, a new orally absorbed cephalosporin with a novel side chain, has broad in vitro activity against most of the important respiratory pathogens including streptococcus pneumoniae and both beta-lactamase-negative and beta-lactamase-positive haemophilus influenzae and moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. furthermore it has high activity against enterobacteriaceae, which contain classic tem-1 beta-lactamases and those containing the new extended spectrum beta-lactamases, which hydrolyze pa ... | 1995 | 7567316 |
| antibiotic susceptibility of the sputum pathogens and throat swab pathogens isolated from the patients undergoing treatment in twenty-one private clinics in japan. | bacteriology of the respiratory isolates from 2,539 patients with respiratory infections in 21 primary care clinics was documented. of a total of 1,887 strains of potential pathogens recovered from 1,507 patients, 996 were gram-positive and 891 were gram-negative. major pathogens were staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and streptococcus pyogenes. the mic's against microbial isolates of six antimicrobial agents were determined. ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were ... | 1995 | 7570582 |
| changes in the core tonsillar bacteriology of recurrent tonsillitis: 1977-1993. | microbiological studies of the core of tonsils removed from children with recurrent tonsillitis due to group a beta-hemolytic streptococci were conducted during three periods, with 50 patients in each period: 1977-1978 (period 1), 1984-1985 (period 2), and 1992-1993 (period 3). mixed flora were present in all tonsils, with 8.1 organisms per tonsil (3.8 aerobes and 4.3 anaerobes). the predominant isolates in each period were staphylococcus aureus, moraxella catarrhalis, peptostreptococcus species ... | 1995 | 7578726 |
| complement resistance is a virulence factor of branhamella (moraxella) catarrhalis. | the purpose of this study was to investigate complement resistance in branhamella (moraxella) catarrhalis isolated from healthy schoolchildren or sputum-producing adult patients. two techniques were used: a serum bactericidal assay as the gold standard and an easier 'culture and spot' test. children (age 4-13; n = 303) and patients (n = 1047) showed high colonization/infection rates with b. catarrhalis (31% and 19%, respectively). complement resistance or intermediate sensitivity occurred freque ... | 1995 | 7581272 |
| the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia among hospitalized patients during a chlamydia pneumoniae epidemic in finland. | the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia during a chlamydia pneumoniae epidemic was studied among 125 hospitalized patients. etiologic investigations included blood and sputum cultures, pneumococcal antigen detection, and serologic investigations for common respiratory viruses and for streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, mycoplasma pneumococcal antigen detection, and serologic investigations for common and for streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenz ... | 1995 | 7594672 |
| influenza a virus--induced acute otitis media. | to better understand the significance of viral upper respiratory tract infections in the pathogenesis of acute otitis media (om), 27 adults underwent intranasal inoculation with influenza a virus. monitoring consisted of antibody titer determination, tympanometry, and otoscopy. microbiologic analysis consisted of cultures and polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based detection for influenza a virus, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. all subjects became infe ... | 1995 | 7594675 |
| multi-centre collaborative study for the in vitro evaluation of new macrolides dirithromycin and erythromycylamine. australian group for antimicrobial resistance (agar). | a national study was conducted to determine the in vitro activity of 2 newer macrolides, dirithromycin and erythromycylamine compared with that of erythromycin, tetracycline and penicillin. nineteen major teaching hospitals participated in the study. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined by agar dilution, mostly using iso-sensitest agar and an inoculum of 10(4) cells per spot. 2284 clinically significant strains were isolated in late 1991 and early 1992, comprising 1736 gram-p ... | 1995 | 7603759 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of bo-2727, a new carbapenem. | bo-2727, a new injectable carbapenem, was evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities in comparison with those of biapenem, meropenem, imipenem, cefpirome, and ceftazidime. bo-2727 had activity comparable to that of imipenem against methicillin-susceptible staphylococci and streptococci, with mics at which 90% of strains tested (mic90s) are inhibited being equal to 0.5 microgram/ml or less. against methicillin-resistant staphylococci, bo-2727 was the most active among the ant ... | 1995 | 7625784 |
| pulmonary penetration of ceftazidime. | for an antibiotic to be effective in lower respiratory tract infections, it should be available in adequate concentrations in respiratory tissues and fluids. cephalosporins usually achieve modest concentrations in the respiratory tract. in this study we have determined the pulmonary penetration of intramuscularly administered ceftazidime (a single dose of 1 g). levels of ceftazidime in bronchial secretions (bs), bronchial mucosa (bm), epithelial lining fluid (elf), and serum (s) were measured by ... | 1995 | 7629560 |
| [antibacterial activities of cefmenoxime against recent fresh clinical isolates from patients in sinusitis]. | in order to evaluate antimicrobial activity of cefmenoxime (cmx), minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of cmx and control drugs were determined against clinical isolates from patients of sinusitis that were obtained in our laboratory from october of 1993 to march of 1994. the results are summarized as follows; 1. cmx showed strong antimicrobial activities against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis that were 3 major aerobic bacteria ... | 1995 | 7637194 |
| moraxella catarrhalis ventriculitis in a child with hydrocephalus and an external ventricular drain. | 1995 | 7638020 | |
| antimicrobial therapy issues facing pediatricians. | in the field of infectious diseases, the emergence of new pathogens or old diseases in newly recognized forms; changing virulence of pathogens; changing patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility; new diagnostic techniques, drugs or vaccines; changing concepts of chemoprophylaxis; controversies about medical vs. surgical techniques; and the challenge of care of children with infectious diseases within new guidelines of managed care are recently identified areas of change. the increased resistance ... | 1995 | 7638030 |
| resistance among problem respiratory pathogens in pediatrics. | during the past two decades, the prevalence of beta-lactamase production with nontypable strains of haemophilus influenzae has increased to about 35%. fortunately, rates of resistance to other oral antimicrobials have not developed at a comparable pace. amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefuroxime and cefpodoxime remain nearly uniformly active whereas rates of resistance to tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, cefaclor, loracarbef, cefprozil, azithromycin and clarithromycin remai ... | 1995 | 7638031 |
| cefixime. a review of its therapeutic efficacy in lower respiratory tract infections. | cefixime is an orally active third generation cephalosporin with in vitro antibacterial activity against most important lower respiratory pathogens. the drug is active against haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and penicillin-susceptible streptococcus pneumoniae but not staphylococcus aureus. cefixime has a long elimination half-life (3 hours compared with 0.5 hours for cefaclor and 1.5 hours for cefalexin), which allows once daily administration. several trials have established the c ... | 1995 | 7641600 |
| comparative antimicrobial activity of piperacillin-tazobactam tested against more than 5000 recent clinical isolates from five medical centers. a reevaluation after five years. | piperacillin combined with tazobactam at a fixed concentration (4 micrograms/ml) and a ratio (8:1) was tested against 5,029 aerobic isolates and 447 fastidious organisms, including anaerobes. among the enterobacteriaceae, > 95% inhibition was shared only by imipenem (99.1% at < or = 4 micrograms/ml), and some newer cephalosporins (95.1% - 99.8% at < or = 8 micrograms/ml), and piperacillin-tazobactam (95.8% at < or = 16/4 micrograms/ml). piperacillin-tazobactam was the most active agent tested ag ... | 1995 | 7648836 |
| lack of serotype-specific antibody response to lipopolysaccharide antigens of moraxella catarrhalis during lower respiratory tract infection. | an enzyme immunoassay (eia) was used to determine the antibody response to different serotypes of lipopolysaccharide (lps) antigens of moraxella catarrhalis in adult patients with lower respiratory tract infections (lrti). moraxella catarrhalis was isolated from sputum or nasopharyngeal samples from 20 patients with lrti. sixteen of the isolates were serotype a, four were type b and none were type c. the antibody response to the different lps serotypes was determined in paired sera from patients ... | 1995 | 7649192 |
| multicenter clinical laboratory evaluation of a beta-lactamase disk assay employing a novel chromogenic cephalosporin, s1. | s1, a new chromogenic cephalosporin (international bioclinical, inc., portland, oreg.), was used to detect beta-lactamase production among a variety of commonly encountered bacteria in a four-center collaborative study. results of an s1 disk assay were compared with those obtained by a nitrocefin-based disk procedure (cefinase; becton-dickinson microbiology systems, cockeysville, md.), with repetitive testing of five quality control organisms and with individual tests of recent clinical isolates ... | 1995 | 7650211 |
| relation between beta-lactamase producing bacteria and patient characteristics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). | in addition to bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory therapy, exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) are often treated with antibiotics. haemophilus influenzae and moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, two important respiratory pathogens, may produce beta-lactamase which makes them resistant to ampicillin. surveillance studies conducted in various countries have shown an increasing incidence of these beta-lactamase producing bacteria. although this may simply b ... | 1995 | 7660337 |
| [cephalosporin treatment of maxillary sinusitis]. | a new oral prodrug cephalosporin, cefcanel daloxate, was compared with cefaclor, another oral cephalosporin, in the treatment of acute purulent maxillary sinusitis. three hundred fifty-four patients with purulent sinus secretion were recruited and randomized at thirteen european ent clinics for the double blind study. the patients were treated with either cefcanel 300 mg tablets twice daily or cefaclor 250 mg capsules three times daily for ten days. apart from the sinus puncture and secretion as ... | 1995 | 7662079 |
| dynamics of respiratory tract colonization by branhamella catarrhalis in bronchiectasis. | branhamella catarrhalis is increasingly recognized as a lower respiratory tract pathogen, particularly in chronic lung diseases. this project defines a population of patients in whom the dynamics of colonization and infection caused by this organism could be studied. a method employing pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of genomic dna was developed. twenty-eight patients with bronchiectasis followed prospectively for 26.8 mo (mean) were seen monthly or bimonthly and at the time of a purulen ... | 1995 | 7663786 |
| assessment of complement-mediated killing of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis isolates by a simple method. | recently, we showed that complement resistance is an important virulence factor of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. our study used a serum bactericidal assay to determine complement resistance in m. catarrhalis. although the serum bactericidal assay is considered the "gold standard" for determining complement resistance, it is laborious and time-consuming and therefore not well suited for large-scale studies. using a large number (n = 324) of m. catarrhalis isolates obtained from the sputa o ... | 1995 | 7664184 |
| immunological aspects of otitis media: present views on possibilities of immunoprophylaxis of acute otitis media in infants and children. | the article reviews, based on current knowledge of immunological events affecting the middle ear, the possibilities and prospects for the prevention of otitis media (om) by immunologic measures. while pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccines proved not to be effective against infant acute otitis media (aom), pneumococcal conjugate vaccines provide good immunogenicity even in infants, and call for trials with better prospects of clinical efficacy. the other future approaches currently under ... | 1995 | 7665281 |
| comparative activities of pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of chronic respiratory tract infections. | to determine the efficacy in vivo of pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of acute infectious bronchopneumopathies, 90 patients, suffering from acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and with no known allergies to quinolones, were admitted to the study. patients were randomly divided into three groups of 30; the first group was dosed with pefloxacin 800 mg i.v. every 24 hours; the second group with pefloxacin 800 mg per os every 24 hours and the third with 500 mg per os of ciprofloxac ... | 1995 | 7666121 |
| bacterial antibody assays in the diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children. | bacterial antibodies were studied in acute, intermediate and convalescent phase sera (mean duration from first to last sample 36 days) of 121 children hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infection. antibody responses were observed in 45% of all cases and in 29% of the 21 children < 1 year old. a total of 15 responses to streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumolysin), 20 to haemophilus influenzae, 9 to moraxella catarrhalis, 3 to chlamydiae and 8 to mycoplasma pneumoniae were found. in 79 pati ... | 1995 | 7667051 |
| [susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (1991)]. | isolated bacteria from respiratory tract infections were collected since 1981 in cooperation with institutions located throughout japan, and have been investigated for their sensitivities to various antibacterial agents and antibiotics and reported by ikemoto, et al. relationships between these isolates and backgrounds of the patients were also studied each year. these results are discussed in detail in this report. in 20 institutions around the entire japan from october 1991 to september 1992, ... | 1995 | 7474326 |
| resistant respiratory pathogens and extended-spectrum antibiotics. | traditional antibiotics such as amoxicillin, tetracycline and erythromycin remain the drugs of first choice for most bacterial respiratory infections. however, the usefulness of these agents varies, depending on local bacterial resistance patterns and patient factors. in the united states, amoxicillin and penicillin resistance currently occurs in 20 to 30 percent of streptococcus pneumoniae strains, 30 to 40 percent of haemophilus influenzae strains and 70 to 90 percent of moraxella catarrhalis ... | 1995 | 7484684 |
| [the microbiology of secretory otitis]. | the aa. realize a comparative study on the differences between the nasopharyngeal microbial flora of 50 children suffering a secretory otitis and other 40 children without middle ear disease. in nasopharyngeal cultures the pathogenic flora (haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus beta hemoliticus group a, staphilococcus aureus) amounted for 96 percent in children with secretory otitis, which figure was reduced to 80 percent in healthy infants (p < 0 ... | 1995 | 7485853 |
| effect of xylitol on growth of nasopharyngeal bacteria in vitro. | xylitol is known to reduce caries by inhibiting the growth of streptococcus mutans. we hypothesized that xylitol could also affect the growth of other nasopharyngeal bacterial flora, which could be important when considering respiratory infections caused by these bacteria. we studied this in vitro by adding xylitol to the medium and observed that 1 and 5% xylitol reduced markedly the growth of alpha-hemolytic streptococci, including s. pneumoniae. it reduced slightly the growth of beta-hemolytic ... | 1995 | 7486925 |
| comparative antimicrobial activities of the penem wy-49605 (sun5555) against recent clinical isolates from five u.s. medical centers. | the in vitro activity of wy-49605 (sun5555) (wy) was compared with those of cefaclor, cefixime, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid against 2,958 consecutive clinical isolates from five medical centers and 402 respiratory pathogens from 18 other facilities. most members of the family enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by wy (mic at which 50% of the isolates are inhibited [mic50], < or = 2.0 micrograms/ml). mic90s of > or = 8.0 micrograms/ml were observed for enterobacter cloacae, serratia spp., and p ... | 1995 | 7492110 |
| evaluation of mupirocin e-test for determination of isolate susceptibility: comparison with standard agar dilution techniques. | mupirocin e-test strips have been evaluated for their ease of use and accuracy in determining the susceptibilities of 171 strains of staphylococcus spp., streptococcus spp., haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. the susceptibility of each strain was determined on two occasions, using parallel e-test and agar dilution methodologies each time. to ensure similar precisions for statistical analyses, e-test mics were rounded up to a standard twofold agar dilution scale. clear, elliptical ... | 1995 | 7494011 |
| comparison of the local immune response to nontypable haemophilus influenzae (nhi) and moraxella catarrhalis (mc) during otitis media. | 1995 | 7502887 | |
| virulence factors in the colonization and persistence of bacteria in the airways. | haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa are commonly isolated from sputum specimens of patients with lower respiratory tract infections. haemophilus influenzae, s. pneumoniae, and m. catarrhalis have several pathogenic properties in common. these bacteria are able to interact with mucus, to exert ciliotoxic activity, to adhere to bronchial epithelial cells, and to invade airway epithelium. h ... | 1995 | 7767563 |
| serum bactericidal activity against moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae after administration of four oral cephalosporins in healthy volunteers. | 1995 | 7768778 | |
| moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis bacteremia in children. a report of two patients and review of the literature. | we report two cases of moraxella catarrhalis (m. catarrhalis) bacteremia in apparently healthy children. one patient had bilateral otitis media and the other had pharyngitis and sinusitis; both patients had uncomplicated clinical courses. a literature review revealed 22 reported cases of m. catarrhalis bacteremia in children, 14 (63%) of which occurred in patients who had no identified underlying condition. eight (36%) cases were seen in children who were immunocompromised. nine (40%) patients p ... | 1995 | 7774141 |
| [the effect of cefaclor and cefixime on nasopharyngeal pathogens in children]. | changes in nasopharyngeal flora were investigated in children with acute otitis media and with acute exacerbations of chronic sinusitis in whom antibiotic therapy of relatively long duration was required until substantial improvement in clinical findings was achieved. 1. the antibiotics used were two cephalosporins, i.e., cefaclor (ccl) and cefixime (cfix), administered to 18 patients each for 1 week and to 26 and 20 patients, respectively, for 2 weeks. bacteriologic examination of the nasophary ... | 1995 | 7782974 |
| [antimicrobial activities of sulbactam/ampicillin against clinically isolated microbial strains]. | antimicrobial activities were examined for sulbactam/ampicillin (sbt/abpc) against clinically isolated microbial strains in 1987, 1990, 1994. besides, the beta-lactamase productivity and mics of these strains were measured, and the following conclusions were obtained. 1. the ratio of beta-lactamase producing strains were 90% of methicillin (dmppc)-susceptible staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (mssa), about 80% of dmppc-resistant s. aureus (mrsa), 100% of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae ... | 1995 | 7783316 |
| [bacteremic pneumonia due to moraxella catarrhalis in an immunosuppressed patient]. | 1995 | 7784666 | |
| moraxella catarrhalis bacteraemia in an immunocompetent adult. | 1995 | 7784828 | |
| development, characterization, and initial evaluations of s1. a new chromogenic cephalosporin for beta-lactamase detection. | a novel, chromogenic cephalosporin reagent (s1) for beta-lactamase testing was produced that shares physicochemical characteristics with nitrocefin (formerly 87/312). s1 and nitrocefin in a disk-testing format for beta-lactamase performed at 100% agreement for detecting enzyme-producing isolates of bacteroides fragilis group, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, staphylococcus aureus, and selected enterobacteriaceae. the time required to achieve an initial color ... | 1995 | 7789091 |
| multicenter trial of cefpodoxime proxetil vs. amoxicillin-clavulanate in acute lower respiratory tract infections in childhood. international study group. | acute lower respiratory tract infections in children are a worldwide public health problem, with an estimated 4 million potentially preventable deaths every year. until recently, penicillin and related drugs were the treatment of choice for empiric therapy of paediatric lower respiratory tract infections. however, concerns over the emergence of penicillin-resistant strains of streptococcus pneumoniae and beta-lactamase-producing strains of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis have le ... | 1995 | 7792126 |
| otitis media complications and treatment failures: implications of pneumococcal resistance. | classic complications of untreated otitis media include meningitis, lateral sinus thrombosis and chronic suppurative otitis media. in the past, in countries where otitis media is usually treated, complications have been rare, because of the good activity of almost all orally administered antibiotics against the most common cause of complications, streptococcus pneumoniae. treatment failures were usually caused by beta-lactamase-producing nontypable haemophilus influenzae or by moraxella (branham ... | 1995 | 7792127 |
| serum antibody response to proteins of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis in patients with lower respiratory tract infection. | we searched for antibodies against moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis proteins in the sera of patients with lower respiratory tract infection. sera from 48 patients with m. catarrhalis and 39 patients without m. catarrhalis in their lower respiratory tract specimens were studied by a gel electrophoresis-immunoperoxidase technique; sera from 23 healthy adult blood donors were also included. immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies against a 28-kda protein were found significantly more frequently in pat ... | 1995 | 7719906 |
| human immune response against outer membrane proteins of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis determined by immunoblotting and enzyme immunoassay. | the role of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis as a respiratory tract pathogen is increasingly recognized. we looked at the human immune response against individual outer membrane proteins of m. catarrhalis and against the 81-kda copb protein, which has previously been shown to be a target for protective antibodies. paired serum samples from six elderly patients with pneumonia were tested by western blot (immunoblot) analysis by using outer membrane vesicles of m. catarrhalis 035e as antigen. a ... | 1995 | 7719910 |
| cloning, sequencing, and characterization of the gene encoding frpb, a major iron-regulated, outer membrane protein of neisseria gonorrhoeae. | frpb (for fe-regulated protein b) is a 76-kda outer membrane protein that is part of the iron regulon of neisseria gonorrhoeae and neisseria meningitidis. the frpb gene from gonococcal strain fa19 was cloned and sequenced. frpb was homologous to several tonb-dependent outer membrane receptors of escherichia coli as well as hemr of yersinia enterocolitica and copb of moraxella catarrhalis. an omga insertion into the frpb coding sequence caused a 60% reduction in 55fe uptake from heme, but careful ... | 1995 | 7721696 |
| [microbiological study of the nasopharynx]. | a microbiological study of the posterior wall of the nasopharynx have been carried out in 90 children subjected to adenoidectomy by chronically hypertrophied and infected adenoids. streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pyogenes and staphylococcus aureus are the most important pathogens responsible for upper respiratory tract infection. adenoidectomy produces a physiological effect on the nasopharyngeal microflora by converting an abnormal flora in ... | 1995 | 7734162 |
| evidence of lectin-mediated adherence of moraxella catarrhalis. | clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis (n = 86) were evaluated for their haemagglutinating activity with different types of erythrocytes. of all the isolates tested, 12 did not agglutinate with any of the erythrocytes, whereas 65 reacted with human erythrocytes of type a, b, and 0, and 26 with erythrocytes from rabbit, guinea pig, dog, or rat. none of the isolates agglutinated with sheep and goat erythrocytes. the agglutination titres ranged from 0 to 64. among these isolates, 13 different a ... | 1995 | 7744489 |
| molecular analysis of bacterial pathogens in otitis media with effusion. | to determine if the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) can detect bacterial dna in pediatric middle ear effusions that are sterile by standard cultural methods. | 1995 | 7745773 |
| bacteriologic failure of amoxicillin-clavulanate in treatment of acute otitis media caused by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | to evaluate the rate of bacteriologic failure of amoxicillin-clavulanate in the treatment of acute otitis media (aom) and to identify the risk factors associated with failure. | 1995 | 7752010 |
| [beta-lactamase production of clinically isolated bacteria]. | we examined beta-lactamase productions by clinically isolated strains of bacteria. the results were as follows; 1. it appears that beta-lactamases produced by strains of five species of staphylococcus spp. are mostly penicillinase (90%). source of beta-lactamase producing strains of haemophilus influenzae (23%) and all of moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis: strains (100%) are "high & low producer" strains. 2. a large proportion of beta-lactamase producing strains of enterobacteriaceae an ... | 1995 | 7752455 |
| persistent acute otitis media: i. causative pathogens. | in this prospective study tympanocentesis was performed to determine the pathogens isolated from middle ear fluid of 200 ears in 137 children with acute otitis media (aom) which had not responded after one or two empiric antimicrobial treatment courses (termed persistent aom). for comparison tympanocentesis from 154 ears in 111 children with aom not previously treated are described. patients were enrolled from october, 1989, until september, 1992. in the persistent aom group amoxicillin and trim ... | 1995 | 7761181 |
| structural studies of the o-antigen oligosaccharides from two strains of moraxella catarrhalis serotype c. | the oligosaccharide parts from moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis serotype c lipooligosaccharides were isolated by mild acid hydrolysis followed by gel permeation chromatography. four different oligosaccharides could be identified from strain rs26 and two from strain rs10. the structures of the o-oligosaccharides were established by methylation analyses, mass spectrometry, and nmr spectroscopy. it is concluded that the oligosaccharide o-antigens from rs26 are a mixture of octa-, deca-, and unde ... | 1995 | 7535189 |
| the tetrasaccharide l-alpha-d-heptose1-->2-l-alpha-d-heptose1--> 3-l-alpha-d-heptose1-->(3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid) and phosphate in lipid a define the conserved epitope in haemophilus lipopolysaccharides recognized by a monoclonal antibody. | a murine monoclonal antibody, mahi 3 (immunoglobulin g2b), that is broadly reactive with haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharides (lpss) but nonreactive with all enterobacterial lpss tested was generated by fusing mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells of balb/c mice immunized with azide-killed h. influenzae rm.7004. mahi 3 bound to all h. influenzae, all other human haemophilus spp., all bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis, and all aeromonas spp. tested but not to any neisseria o ... | 1995 | 7543887 |
| in vitro activities of a streptogramin (rp59500), three macrolides, and an azalide against four respiratory tract pathogens. | broth microdilution tests were carried out with 2,671 respiratory tract isolates from 19 medical centers throughout the continental united states. the tests compared a streptogramin (rp59500) to erythromycin, dirithromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin against streptococcus pneumoniae, s. pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. against macrolide-susceptible strains, the potency of rp59500 was similar to that of the macrolides: the azalide, azithromycin, was two to four t ... | 1995 | 7695313 |
| group a streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis: cost-effective diagnosis and treatment. | most patients who seek medical attention for sore throat are concerned about streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis, but fewer than 10% of adults and 30% of children actually have a streptococcal infection. group a beta-hemolytic streptococci (gas) are most often responsible for bacterial tonsillopharyngitis, although neisseria gonorrhea, arcanobacterium haemolyticum (formerly corynebacterium haemolyticum), chlamydia pneumoniae (twar agent), and mycoplasma pneumoniae have also been suggested as possi ... | 1995 | 7864482 |
| serum antibodies to outer membrane proteins (omps) of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis in patients with bronchiectasis: identification of omp b1 as an important antigen. | moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in adults and of otitis media in children. little is known about the human immune response to this bacterium. in this study, immunoblot assays were performed to detect serum immunoglobulin g antibodies directed at purified outer membrane of m. catarrhalis. twelve serum samples, two each from six patients with bronchiectasis who were persistently colonized with this organism, were tested with their homolog ... | 1995 | 7890418 |
| [bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of sy5555 dry syrup in the pediatric field]. | bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on sy5555 dry syrup (powder which is dissolved before use), a new penem antibiotic for oral use, were performed. the following results were obtained. 1. antibacterial activities. mics of sy5555, clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (cva/ampc), cefotiam (ctm), cefpodoxime (cpdx), cefaclor (ccl) and cefdinir (cfdn) were determined against clinically isolated staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus ... | 1995 | 7699846 |
| a multicenter comparative study of the in vitro activity of fleroxacin and other antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activity of fleroxacin was determined by broth microdilution against 2,079 recent bacterial isolates and compared to the activities of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, lomefloxacin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefixime, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin/clavulanate, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), and, as appropriate, erythromycin and oxacillin. most enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by the quinolones at a concentration of < or = 1 microgram/ml; mic90s of fleroxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, an ... | 1995 | 8529440 |
| lower respiratory tract infection therapy--the role of ciprofloxacin. | lower respiratory tract infections account for a large proportion of prescribed antibiotics and, with emerging resistance to standard agents, the introduction of the fluoroquinolones, in particular ciprofloxacin, has provided a further component in the armamentarium. this review encompasses 37 published clinical trials which featured ciprofloxacin; 3274 patients with lower respiratory tract infections were treated with this agent; in 94.1% of patients treatment was clinically successful and 90.9 ... | 1995 | 8529774 |
| rational use of oral antibiotics for pediatric infections. | we carried out a survey in japan to investigate compliance among children given oral antibiotics in an outpatient setting. the results of our survey revealed that, in japan, approximately one-quarter of patients did not take their full course of antibiotics. reasons for unsupervised self-discontinuation included: (1) the parent or guardian judged the infection to be cured; (2) the child refused to take the drug; and (3) the appearance of side effects. causative organisms often involved in respir ... | 1995 | 8537136 |
| acute otitis media in children: a study of nasopharyngeal carriage of potential pathogens and therapeutic efficacy of cefixime and amoxicillin-clavulanate. | we conducted a large, multicenter, randomized, open-label study throughout france comparing the efficacy and safety of cefixime suspension (8 mg/kg/day, b.i.d., for 10 days) versus amoxicillin-clavulanate suspension (80 mg/kg/day, t.i.d., for 10 days) in 510 children (ages 6 to 36 months) with acute otitis media. the most frequent microorganisms colonizing the nasopharynx at the start of treatment were streptococcus pneumoniae (51.5%), haemophilus influenzae (45%) and moraxella catarrhalis (30.2 ... | 1995 | 8537137 |
| lower respiratory tract infection due to ciprofloxacin resistant moraxella catarrhalis. | 1995 | 8537282 | |
| [azithromycin: critical points]. | the determination of the french breakpoints (< or = c, > c) were selected by the use of different criteria including bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and obviously clinical criteria. concerning the bacteriological results, azithromycin, being an acid stable orally administered antimicrobial drug, is in vitro marginally less active than erythromycin against gram-positive organisms including beta-haemolytic streptococci and staphylococcus aureus. but in contrast, this azalide is more active than e ... | 1995 | 8539070 |
| [azithromycin, pharmacodynamic evaluation in animal models]. | several experimental models have been used in order to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of azithromycin against numerous human pathogenic bacteria and parasites, including comparison between azithromycin and other antibiotics belonging or not to the macrolide family. using the experimental models, three major objectives can be distinguished: the comparative studies of the efficacy dose 50 (ed50) of azithromycin compared to other orally given antibiotics, the azithromycin efficacy in animal infected ... | 1995 | 8539074 |
| acute bronchial infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | bacterial bronchial infection is a frequent cause of copd exacerbation but not its only aetiology. increased purulent expectorant appears to be its best indicator rather than fever, non-productive cough or dyspnoea. the clinician must try to recognize this condition rather than systematically prescribe empirical antibiotics. haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis are the major pathogens. although atypical bacteria are not frequent, chlamydia pneumoniae could p ... | 1995 | 8541820 |