Publications

dna fingerprinting of campylobacter fetus using cloned constructs of ribosomal rna and surface array protein genes.	dna fragments coding for the ribosomal rna and the surface array proteins of campylobacter fetus have been cloned from a genomic library constructed in escherichia coli. they were used in the molecular characterization of c. fetus (subsp. fetus; subsp. venerealis) strains by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) method. ribotyping results showed that all strains of the two subspecies can be classified under one ribogroup implying very close relatedness. the sapa gene dna marker, howeve ...	1997	9057261
a deletion in the sapa homologue cluster is responsible for the loss of the s-layer in campylobacter fetus strain tk.	the surface array protein (sap) of campylobacter fetus strain tk is encoded by seven homologous sapa genes clustered on the chromosomal dna. the spontaneously arising variant strain tk(sap-) produces no sap and carries an approximately 10-kb chromosomal deletion. to elucidate the mechanism underlying the loss of sap synthesis, we analyzed the region containing the sapa homologues and the deletion. we constructed a physical map of the sapa cluster region by aligning the clones that contain sapa h ...	1997	9075619
serologic survey for infectious pathogens in free-ranging american bison.	from november 1991 through march 1992, we evaluated 101 free-ranging american bison (bison bison) from yellowstone national park, wyoming (usa) for exposure to infectious organisms that commonly infect cattle. no titers were detected for bluetongue virus, bovine leukemia virus, or campylobacter fetus in these 101 bison. detectable antibodies occurred against anaplasma marginale (eight of 76, 11%), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (31 of 101, 31%), bovine viral diarrhea (31 of 101, 31%), bovine ...	1997	9131564
campylobacter fetus-associated aneurysms: report of a case involving the popliteal artery and review of the literature.		1997	9142823
a sero-epidemiological study of haemophilus somnus infection in dairy cattle.	five repeated cross-sectional serological surveys of 790 dairy cattle in 4 dairy herds between december 1985 and february 1987 provided an opportunity to study the changes in the seroprevalence of haemophilus somnus across the 5 surveys and with respect to some demographic and disease variables. the demographic variables included were age (heifers or cows) and farm, representing two groups of herds (two herds in each group, located in the central and northern valleys of california). the serologi ...	1997	9151407
campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus cholecystitis in a patient with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.	acute cholecystitis due to campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus is very uncommon. we report a case of cholecystitis and obstructive jaundice in which cultured bile grew this organism. the patient had a 4-year history of hepatocellular carcinoma, resulting in common bile duct obstruction due to abdominal lymph node metastasis. microscopic examination of her bile showed multiple gram-negative curved organisms and c. fetus subsp. fetus was isolated under microaerophilic conditions. therefore, we should ...	1997	9181660
the o-specific polysaccharide chain of campylobacter fetus serotype a lipopolysaccharide is a partially o-acetylated 1,3-linked alpha-d-mannan.	a polysaccharide fraction liberated from campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus serotype a lipopolysaccharide by mild acid hydrolysis followed by gel-permeation chromatography contained a partially o-acetylated d-mannan chain, as an o-specific polysaccharide, with a core oligosaccharide attached. the structure of the polysaccharide was studied by o-deacetylation, methylation, and 1h- and 13c-nmr spectroscopy, including computer-assisted analysis of the 13c-nmr spectrum. a structure of -->3)-alpha-d-ma ...	1997	9182999
helicobacter pylori induces an array of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human gastric epithelial cells: quantification of mrna for interleukin-8, -1 alpha/beta, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha.	despite the fact that helicobacter pylori is known to be non-invasive, mucosal infiltration of inflammatory cells have been observed in the gastric mucosa. the exact pathogenesis of such an inflammatory reaction has not been well defined. we explored the repertoire of cytokine genes expressed in human gastric epithelial cells in response to coculture with h. pylori. after gastric epithelial cells, snu-5 and kato iii, were infected with h. pylori, expression of several cytokine genes was assessed ...	1997	9257236
molecular biology of s-layers.	in this chapter we report on the molecular biology of crystalline surface layers of different bacterial groups. the limited information indicates that there are many variations on a common theme. sequence variety, antigenic diversity, gene expression, rearrangements, influence of environmental factors and applied aspects are addressed. there is considerable variety in the s-layer composition, which was elucidated by sequence analysis of the corresponding genes. in corynebacterium glutamicum one ...	1997	9276928
functions of s-layers.	although s-layers are being increasingly identified on bacteria and archaea, it is enigmatic that in most cases s-layer function continues to elude us. in a few instances, s-layers have been shown to be virulence factors on pathogens (e.g. campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus and aeromonas salmonicida), protective against bdellovibrio, a depository for surface-exposed enzymes (e.g. bacillus stearothermophilus), shape-determining agents (e.g. thermoproteus tenax) and nucleation factors for fine-grain m ...	1997	9276929
infected subdural effusion associated with resolving subdural hematoma--case report.	a 70-year-old male presented with rapid neurological deterioration and fever 3 months after suffering a closed head trauma. he underwent craniotomy for possible subdural empyema based on computed tomography and clinical findings. dural incision revealed an outer membrane typical of chronic subdural hematoma which covered a clear, yellowish fluid containing campylobacter fetus. histological examination confirmed the capsule of the hematoma, with a necrotic focus infiltrated by neutrophils. admini ...	1997	9301203
[spontaneous bacterial peritonitis from campylobacter fetus].	a patient with cirrhosis and ascites who developed spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to campylobacter fetus is described herein. this organism has been increasingly associated with bacteremia and localized infections in patients with cirrhosis and other immunocompromised states, but spontaneous bacterial peritonitis has been rarely reported. we review campylobacter fetus infections and their relationship to development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and we emphasize that prolonged ant ...	1997	9303614
[bacteremia caused by campylobacter fetus secondary to rectal biopsy].		1997	9312288
both dna gyrase and reverse gyrase are present in the hyperthermophilic bacterium thermotoga maritima.	like all hyperthermophiles yet tested, the bacterium thermotoga maritima contains a reverse gyrase. here we show that it contains also a dna gyrase. the genes top2a and top2b encoding the two subunits of a dna gyrase-like enzyme have been cloned and sequenced. the top2a (type ii dna topoisomerase a protein) is more similar to gyra (dna gyrase a protein) than to parc [topoisomerase iv (topo iv) c protein]. the difference is especially striking at the c-terminal domain, which differentiates dna gy ...	1997	9380682
nested dna inversion of campylobacter fetus s-layer genes is reca dependent.	wild-type strains of campylobacter fetus are covered by a monomolecular array of surface layer proteins (slps) critical for virulence. each cell possesses eight slp gene cassettes, tightly clustered in the genome, that encode slps of 97 to 149 kda. variation of slp expression occurs by a mechanism of nested dna rearrangement that involves the inversion of a 6.2-kb sapa promoter-containing element alone or together with one or more flanking slp gene cassettes. the presence of extensive regions of ...	1997	9393719
molecular mechanisms of campylobacter fetus surface layer protein expression.	cells of the gram-negative bacteria campylobacter fetus are covered by monomolecular arrays of surface layer proteins (slps) critical for both persistence in their natural hosts and for virulence. for c. fetus cells, expression of slps essentially eliminates c3b binding and their antigenic variation thwarts host immunological defences. each cell possesses multiple partially homologous and highly conserved slp gene cassettes, tightly clustered in the genome, that encode slps of 97-149 kda. these ...	1997	9402015
evaluation of a pcr assay for identification and differentiation of campylobacter fetus subspecies.	to evaluate a polymerase chain reaction assay for identification of campylobacter fetus and differentiation of the defined subspecies.	1997	9404619
[a case of isolated tricuspid valve endocarditis caused by campylobacter fetus].	we reported a rare case of isolated tricuspid valve endocarditis in a non-addict with no underlying cardiac disease. a 48-year-old man was presented with high fever and newly developed leg edema. the diagnosis of tricuspid endocarditis was established following detection of a large vegetation (3.0 cm) on the tricuspid valve on echocardiography. one blood culture showed positive for campylobacter fetus. at operation, a large and a small vegetation were found attached to the anterior leaflet of th ...	1997	9430963
lethal maternal sepsis caused by campylobacter jejuni: pathogen preserved in placenta and identified by molecular methods.	campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common organisms in the etiology of febrile diarrhea. bacteremia is reported to be rare. in pregnant women, however, c. jejuni (previous name, vibrio fetus) can cause fetal death. we report the case of a pregnant woman with enterocolitis and sepsis that caused the death of the fetus and, 11 days later, the death of the mother. c. jejuni was detected by culture techniques at the time of the first symptoms but not during the subsequent course of disease. bac ...	1997	9436972
specific identification of campylobacter fetus by pcr targeting variable regions of the 16s rdna.	campylobacter fetus is recognized as a human and animal pathogen. the isolation and differentiation of c. fetus in diagnostic laboratories is hindered by its relatively slow growth and lack of distinguishing biochemical characteristics. we developed a fast, reliable pcr assay that specifically amplifies a 554-bp segment of the 16s rdna from c. fetus. fifty-two atcc reference strains and 255 bacterial field isolates comprising the genera campylobacter, arcobacter, helicobacter, escherichia, liste ...	1997	9451462
[are chicken suspected? apropos of a case with recurrent campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus peritonitis].		1997	9499923
isolation of h. pylori genomic dna and restriction analysis.	since helicobacter pylori was first described in 1983 (1), the study of genomic dna has been central to the development of its microbiology and molecular genetics. for instance, dna base composition estimation (mol% g+c) was crucial in demonstrating affinities of the microorganism to the genus campylobacter (2). likewise, dna-dna hybridization assays revealed a high degree of base sequence homology between different isolates of h. pylori, yet a low relatedness to campylobacter fetus and other sp ...	1997	21351024
prospective evaluation of criteria for microbiological diagnosis of prosthetic-joint infection at revision arthroplasty. the osiris collaborative study group.	a prospective study was performed to establish criteria for the microbiological diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection at elective revision arthroplasty. patients were treated in a multidisciplinary unit dedicated to the management and study of musculoskeletal infection. standard multiple samples of periprosthetic tissue were obtained at surgery, gram stained, and cultured by direct and enrichment methods. with reference to histology as the criterion standard, sensitivities, specificities, and ...	1998	9738046
a new member of the s-layer protein family: characterization of the crs gene from campylobacter rectus.	strains of the periodontal pathogen campylobacter rectus express a 150- to 166-kda protein on their cell surface. this protein forms a paracrystalline lattice, called the surface layer (s-layer), on the outer membrane of this gram-negative bacterium. to initiate a genetic analysis of the function of the s-layer in the pathogenesis of c. rectus, we have cloned and characterized its gene. the s-layer gene (crs) from c. rectus 314 encodes a cell surface protein which does not have a cleaved signal ...	1998	9529076
development of quinolone-resistant campylobacter fetus bacteremia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.	campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus has been recognized as a cause of systemic illness in immunocompromised hosts, including relapsing bacteremia in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. acquired resistance to quinolone therapy, while reported for a variety of bacteria, including campylobacter jejuni, has not been previously documented for c. fetus. two cases of quinolone-resistant c. fetus bacteremia were detected in hiv-infected patients. cloning and nucleotide sequencing of t ...	1998	9534967
evidence of genomic instability in campylobacter jejuni isolated from poultry.	poultry isolates of campylobacter jejuni derived from a survey of meat processing batches were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of chromosomal dna to establish the clonal relationships between single-colony isolates. in the majority of batches studied, one or two genotype patterns predominated. however, in one batch (batch a), 21 single-colony isolates gave 14 different pfge genotypes. the banding patterns obtained with smai were sufficiently different to distinguish between ...	1998	9572956
immunoglobulin g, plasma cells, and lymphocytes in the murine vagina after vaginal or parenteral immunization with attenuated herpes simplex virus type 2.	this investigation evaluated immunity to vaginal herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection after local or parenteral immunization with attenuated hsv-2. vaginal immunization induced sterilizing immunity against challenge with a high dose of wild-type virus, whereas parenteral immunizations protected against neurologic disease but did not entirely prevent infection of the vagina. vaginal immunization caused 86- and 31-fold increases in the numbers of immunoglobulin g (igg) plasma cells in the ...	1998	9573285
the campylobacter fetus s layer is not essential for initial interaction with hep-2 cells.	in vitro adherence assays were used to determine whether the s layer mediated interactions between campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis strains and hep-2 cells. at multiplicity of infection ratios ranging from 0.1:1 through 100:1, quantitation of bacterial adherence by light microscopy revealed that s layer deficient isogenic c. fetus 809k and c. fetus 810k were not less efficient in their attachment to hep-2 cells; either s layer deficient c. fetus strains interacted with hep-2 cells in greate ...	1998	9606907
lectin-binding sites in uterus and oviduct of normal and campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis-infected heifers.	this study was carried out to investigate the effect of infection with campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (cfv) on the pattern of lectin binding in the uterus and oviduct of heifers. cfv persistence was demonstrated by bacterial isolation and immunofluorescence. infected animals showed variations in the lectin binding pattern when compared with control animals. cfv-infected heifers showed an increased expression of galactose and n-acetyl-galactosamine in the endometrial glands (pna and sba bi ...	1998	9615192
the caulobacter crescentus paracrystalline s-layer protein is secreted by an abc transporter (type i) secretion apparatus.	caulobacter crescentus is a gram-negative bacterium that produces a two-dimensional crystalline array on its surface composed of a single 98-kda protein, rsaa. secretion of rsaa to the cell surface relies on an uncleaved c-terminal secretion signal. in this report, we identify two genes encoding components of the rsaa secretion apparatus. these components are part of a type i secretion system involving an abc transporter protein. these genes, lying immediately 3' of rsaa, were found by screening ...	1998	9620954
epidemiological typing of campylobacter isolates from meat processing plants by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, fatty acid profile typing, serotyping, and biotyping.	campylobacter spp. are a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. foods of animal origin, particularly under-cooked poultry, are common sources of campylobacter species associated with disease in humans. a collection of 110 campylobacter jejuni and 31 c. coli human and environmental isolates from different ontario, canada, abattoirs were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, fatty acid profile typing, and biotyping. previously collected serotyping data for the same isolates were also ...	1998	9647797
microtiter assay for detecting campylobacter spp. and helicobacter pylori with surface gangliosides which bind cholera toxin.	campylobacter jejuni with gm1 ganglioside in the core of its lipopolysaccharide has been associated with guillain-barré syndrome. since this epitope may be of considerable pathophysiologic importance and since this ganglioside binds cholera toxin, a rapid screening assay to detect bacteria that bind cholera toxin as an indication of gm1 on their surfaces was developed. in the assay, bacterial lawns were grown on agar plates, harvested with phosphate-buffered saline, boiled, and incubated with a ...	1998	9650959
antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 59 strains of campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus.	the susceptibilities of 59 campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus isolates to eight antibiotics were studied by the agar dilution, e-test, and disk diffusion methods. none of the isolates were beta-lactamase producers. all were susceptible to ampicillin, gentamicin, imipenem, and meropenem as determined by the three methods, with mics at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited (mic90s) (determined by agar dilution) of 2, 1, < or = 0.06, and 0.12 microgram/ml, respectively. twenty-seven percent of the ...	1998	9661033
campylobacter species and guillain-barré syndrome.	since the eradication of polio in most parts of the world, guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) has become the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis. gbs is an autoimmune disorder of the peripheral nervous system characterized by weakness, usually symmetrical, evolving over a period of several days or more. since laboratories began to isolate campylobacter species from stool specimens some 20 years ago, there have been many reports of gbs following campylobacter infection. only during the past f ...	1998	9665983
associations between heat-stable (o) and heat-labile (hl) serogroup antigens of campylobacter jejuni: evidence for interstrain relationships within three o/hl serovars.	a comparative examination of the heat-stable (o) and heat-labile (hl) serogrouping results for 9,024 sporadic human isolates of campylobacter jejuni revealed conserved associations between specific o and hl antigens (o/hl serovars). forty-nine percent of the isolates which grouped for both o and hl antigens belonged to one of three serovars: o 4 complex/hl 1 (17.9%), o 1/hl 2 (16.8%), or o 50/hl 7 (14.5%). other common serovars were o 2/hl 4 (8.3%), o 6/hl 6 (8.1%), o 53/hl 11 (4.5%), o 19/hl 17 ...	1998	9665996
direct detection of eae-positive bacteria in human and veterinary colorectal specimens by pcr.	a pcr test based on the amplification of an eae-specific sequence was designed and evaluated for its ability to directly detect homologous sequences in enteropathogenic escherichia coli and citrobacter spp. (amplification of eae open reading frame, 178 bp) in sections of the intestines of humans and animals with colonic lesions. positive pcr results were observed with eae-positive reference strains of e. coli and citrobacter rodentium (citrobacter freundii biotype 4280). known eae-negative refer ...	1998	9666014
lipopolysaccharides from campylobacter jejuni o:41 strains associated with guillain-barré syndrome exhibit mimicry of gm1 ganglioside.	three campylobacter jejuni, biotype 2, serotype o:41 strains that were isolated from patients who developed guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) and one c. jejuni isolate from a patient who developed enteritis only were examined. the aim of the study was to determine the structure of the core oligosaccharide (os) of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of c. jejuni serotype o:41, a serotype rarely associated with the development of gbs, and to determine if the lps shares similar epitopes with any of the major ...	1998	9673245
the largest subunits of rna polymerase from gastric helicobacters are tethered.	the rpob and rpoc genes of eubacteria and archaea, coding respectively for the beta- and beta'-like subunits of dna-dependent rna polymerase, are organized in an operon with rpob always preceding rpoc. the genome sequence of the gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori (strain 26695) revealed homologs of two genes in one continuous open reading frame that potentially could encode one 2890-amino acid-long beta-beta' fusion protein. here, we show that this open reading frame does in fact encode a fuse ...	1998	9677352
infected abdominal aortic aneurysm caused by campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus: report of a case.	a 45-year old man with fever, abdominal pain, and a pulsating mass underwent an aneurysmectomy, with in situ reconstruction using a bifurcated knitted dacron graft, for a saccular abdominal aortic aneurysm (aaa). a culture taken postoperatively grew campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus. the administration of antibiotics sensitive to this organism was continued for 3 months, and no infection has been encountered in the 1 year since his operation. this is only the 13th documented case of aaa infec ...	1998	9681621
dentilisin activity affects the organization of the outer sheath of treponema denticola.	prolyl-phenylalanine-specific serine protease (dentilisin) is a major extracellular protease produced by treponema denticola. the gene, prtp, coding for the protease was recently cloned and sequenced (k. ishihara, t. miura, h. k. kuramitsu, and k. okuda, infect. immun. 64:5178-5186, 1996). in order to determine the role of this protease in the physiology and virulence of t. denticola, a dentilisin-deficient mutant, k1, was constructed following electroporation with a prtp-inactivated dna fragmen ...	1998	9683480
influence of the secondary cell wall polymer on the reassembly, recrystallization, and stability properties of the s-layer protein from bacillus stearothermophilus pv72/p2.	the high-molecular-weight secondary cell wall polymer (scwp) from bacillus stearothermophilus pv72/p2 is mainly composed of n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) and n-acetylmannosamine (mannac) and is involved in anchoring the s-layer protein via its n-terminal region to the rigid cell wall layer. in addition to this binding function, the scwp was found to inhibit the formation of self-assembly products during dialysis of the guanidine hydrochloride (ghcl)-extracted s-layer protein. the degree of assemb ...	1998	9696762
campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus cellulitis associated with bacteremia in debilitated hosts.	campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus rarely causes celluitis associated with bacteremia in debilitated hosts. we have identified this infection in two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and in one with liver cirrhosis. all three patients had eaten raw beef, liver, or improperly cooked pork before the manifestations of the illness. c. fetus subspecies fetus was recovered from blood and feces from the three patients. this organism was also isolated from a subcutaneous aspirate of the cellu ...	1998	9709871
campylobacter fetus--emerging infection and model system for bacterial pathogenesis at mucosal surfaces.		1998	9709872
surface structure, hydrophobicity, phagocytosis, and adherence to matrix proteins of bacillus cereus cells with and without the crystalline surface protein layer.	nonopsonic phagocytosis of bacillus cereus by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) with particular attention to bacterial surface properties and structure was studied. two reference strains (atcc 14579(t) and atcc 4342) and two clinical isolates (oh599 and oh600) from periodontal and endodontic infections were assessed for adherence to matrix proteins, such as type i collagen, fibronectin, laminin, and fibrinogen. one-day-old cultures of strains oh599 and oh600 were readily ingested by pmns ...	1998	9746594
cloning of a sapb homologue (sapb2) encoding a putative 112-kda campylobacter fetus s-layer protein and its use for identification and molecular genotyping.	a sap gene encoding a surface layer protein was isolated from a campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus cip 53.96t cosmid library. this sap gene, which shows significant homology with the sapb conserved region, was named sapb2. the complete orf of 3339 nucleotides encodes a 1112-amino acid polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 112 kda. high homology with the sapb gene was found in a region beginning 67 bp before the orf and proceeding 546 bp into the orf. similarly, 98% homology with the sapa2 ...	1998	9752999
physiological activity of campylobacter jejuni far below the minimal growth temperature.	the behavior of campylobacter jejuni at environmental temperatures was examined by determining the physiological activities of this human pathogen. the minimal growth temperatures were found to be 32 and 31 degrees c for strains 104 and atcc 33560, respectively. both strains exhibited a sudden decrease in growth rate from the maximum to zero within a few degrees not only near the maximal growth temperature but also near the minimal growth temperature. this could be an indication that a temperatu ...	1998	9758819
[campylobacter fetus endocarditis manifested by a popliteal mycotic aneurysm].	campylobacter fetus endocarditis is uncommon and may be life-threatening.	1998	9768000
the s-layer protein from campylobacter rectus: sequence determination and function of the recombinant protein.	the gene encoding the crystalline surface layer (s-layer) protein from campylobacter rectus, designated slp, was sequenced and the recombinant gene product was expressed in escherichia coli. the gene consisted of 4086 nucleotides encoding a protein with 1361 amino acids. the n-terminal amino acid sequence revealed that slp did not contain a signal sequence, but that the initial methionine residue was processed. the deduced amino acid sequence displayed some common characteristic features of s-la ...	1998	9770285
meningitis in adults due to campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus.		1998	9798059
differentiation of campylobacter jejuni serotype o19 strains from non-o19 strains by pcr.	guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), a neurologic disease characterized by acute paralysis, is frequently preceded by campylobacter jejuni infection. serotype o19 strains are overrepresented among gbs-associated c. jejuni isolates. we previously showed that all o19 strains tested were closely related to one another by randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses. rapd analysis demonstrated a 1.4-kb band in all o19 strains tested but in no non-o19 stra ...	1998	9817874
rapid emergence of high-level resistance to quinolones in campylobacter jejuni associated with mutational changes in gyra and parc.	quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of campylobacter jejuni in sweden increased more than 20-fold at the beginning of the 1990s. resistance to 125 microgram of ciprofloxacin per ml in clinical isolates was associated with chromosomal mutations in c. jejuni leading to a thr-86-ile substitution in the gyra product and a arg-139-gln substitution in the parc product.	1998	9835526
campylobacter fetus surface layer proteins are transported by a type i secretion system.	the virulence of campylobacter fetus, a bacterial pathogen of ungulates and humans, is mediated in part by the presence of a paracrystalline surface layer (s-layer) that confers serum resistance. the subunits of the s-layer are s-layer proteins (slps) that are secreted in the absence of an n-terminal signal sequence and attach to either type a or b c. fetus lipopolysaccharide in a serospecific manner. antigenic variation of multiple slps (encoded by sapa homologs) of type a strain 23d occurs by ...	1998	9851986
effect of low temperatures on growth, structure, and metabolism of campylobacter coli sp10.	the effect of low temperatures on the survival, structure, and metabolism of campylobacter coli sp10, a virulent strain, was investigated. c. coli became nonculturable rapidly at 20 and 10 degree c and slightly later at 4 degrees c. incubation in a microaerobic atmosphere improved survival, but after day 8, campylobacters were detectable by direct-count procedures only. the increase in the number of coccoid cells was most pronounced at 37 degrees c but also was noticeable at 20 and 10 degrees c. ...	1998	9464397
extended survival and persistence of campylobacter spp. in water and aquatic biofilms and their detection by immunofluorescent-antibody and -rrna staining.	in water microcosm experiments, the survival times of campylobacter isolates differed by up to twofold, as determined by culturing; this difference increased to fourfold when particular combinations of temperature and oxygenation were used. the mean survival times were much longer at 4 and 10 degrees c (202 and 176 h, respectively) than at 22 and 37 degrees c (43 and 22 h, respectively). the influence of anaerobiosis on survival time was less dramatic and differed considerably between isolates. ...	1998	9464415
serotyping scheme for campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli based on direct agglutination of heat-stable antigens.	campylobacter is now the most frequently reported cause of gastrointestinal disease in england and wales, yet few isolates are characterized beyond the genus level. the majority of isolates are campylobacter jejuni (90%), with most of the remainder being campylobacter coli. we describe an adaptation of the penner serotyping scheme in which passive hemagglutination has been replaced by detection of heat-stable antigens by direct bacterial agglutination; absorbed antisera are used where appropriat ...	1998	9466737
the capsule and s-layer: two independent and yet compatible macromolecular structures in bacillus anthracis.	bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax, is a gram-positive spore-forming bacterium. fully virulent bacilli are toxinogenic and capsulated. two abundant surface proteins, including the major antigen, are components of the b. anthracis surface layer (s-layer). the b. anthracis paracrystalline s-layer has previously only been found in noncapsulated vegetative cells. here we report that the s-layer proteins are also synthesized under conditions where the poly-gamma-d-glutamic acid caps ...	1998	9422592
campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus brain abscess.		1998	9892545
spontaneous bacterial peritonitis by campylobacter fetus in budd-chiari syndrome without liver cirrhosis.		1999	9928769
the polar flagellar motor of vibrio cholerae is driven by an na+ motive force.	vibrio cholerae is a highly motile bacterium which possesses a single polar flagellum as a locomotion organelle. motility is thought to be an important factor for the virulence of v. cholerae. the genome sequencing project of this organism is in progress, and the genes that are highly homologous to the essential genes of the na+-driven polar flagellar motor of vibrio alginolyticus were found in the genome database of v. cholerae. the energy source of its flagellar motor was investigated. we exam ...	1999	10074090
evaluation of accuracy and repeatability of identification of food-borne pathogens by automated bacterial identification systems.	the performances of five automated microbial identification systems, relative to that of a reference identification system, for their ability to accurately and repeatedly identify six common food-borne pathogens were assessed. the systems assessed were the microlog system (biolog inc., hayward, calif.), the microbial identification system (mis; midi inc., newark, del.), the vitek system (biomérieux vitek, hazelwood, mo.), the microscan walkaway 40 system (dade-microscan international, west sacra ...	1999	10074506
[campylobacter fetus bacteremia and thrombophlebitis in a patient with waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia].	we report a 67-year-old male with waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia who developed campylobacter fetus subspesis fetus (c. fetus) bacteremia and thrombophlebitis. the patient developed a fever and pain in his left lower limb, and could not walk because of the pain. radioisotopic venography showed thrombophlebitis in his left lower limb. his blood culture grew c. fetus. after starting intravenous papm/bp, his symptoms resolved promptly. in contrast to campylobacter jejuni which is a common cause of ...	1999	10077907
pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis caused by campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus. a case report.	clinical observation of a patient.	1999	10101824
detection of small numbers of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli cells in environmental water, sewage, and food samples by a seminested pcr assay.	a rapid and sensitive assay was developed for detection of small numbers of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli cells in environmental water, sewage, and food samples. water and sewage samples were filtered, and the filters were enriched overnight in a nonselective medium. the enrichment cultures were prepared for pcr by a rapid and simple procedure consisting of centrifugation, proteinase k treatment, and boiling. a seminested pcr based on specific amplification of the intergenic sequen ...	1999	10103261
[campylobacter fetus sepsis, pulmonary thromboembolism and an occult neoplasm].		1999	10193005
cloning and characterization of two bistructural s-layer-rtx proteins from campylobacter rectus.	campylobacter rectus is an important periodontal pathogen in humans. a surface-layer (s-layer) protein and a cytotoxic activity have been characterized and are thought to be its major virulence factors. the cytotoxic activity was suggested to be due to a pore-forming protein toxin belonging to the rtx (repeats in the structural toxins) family. in the present work, two closely related genes, csxa and csxb (for c. rectus s-layer and rtx protein) were cloned from c. rectus and characterized. the cs ...	1999	10198015
recurrent "flexispira rappini" bacteremia in an adult patient undergoing hemodialysis: case report.	a blood culture from a 65-year-old febrile man undergoing hemodialysis revealed, 5 days after inoculation, an unusual gram-negative fusiform rod with darting motility. during another episode of fever 21 days later, this campylobacter-like organism was again recovered from three blood cultures and subcultured under an h2-enriched microaerobic atmosphere. the organism was catalase negative and oxidase positive and hydrolyzed urea rapidly. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis a ...	1999	10203478
sequence analysis of the gyra and parc homologues of a wild-type strain of vibrio parahaemolyticus and its fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants.	vibrio parahaemolyticus causes seafood-borne gastroenteritis in humans. it is particularly important in japan, where raw seafood is frequently consumed. fluoroquinolone is one of the current drugs of choice for treating patients infected by v. parahaemolyticus because resistant strains are rarely found. to study a possible fluoroquinolone resistance mechanism in this organism, nucleotide sequences that are homologous to known gyra and parc genes have been cloned from v. parahaemolyticus aq3815 a ...	1999	10223929
generation of a superoxide dismutase (sod)-deficient mutant of campylobacter coli: evidence for the significance of sod in campylobacter survival and colonization.	the microaerophilic nature of campylobacter species implies an inherent sensitivity towards oxygen and its reduction products, particularly the superoxide anion. the deleterious effects of exposure to superoxide radicals are counteracted by the activity of superoxide dismutase (sod). we have shown previously that campylobacter coli possesses an iron cofactored sod. the sodb gene of c. coli ua585 was insertionally inactivated by the site-specific insertion of a teto cassette. organisms harboring ...	1999	10347040
subtyping of haemophilus influenzae strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.	a total of 200 isolates of haemophilus influenzae were analyzed by serotyping, biotyping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). a total of 178 epidemiologically unrelated strains of h. influenzae demonstrated a variety of genome patterns by pfge, and 165 genotypes were thus obtained in this study. pfge typing proved to have a much stronger discriminatory power than either serotyping or biotyping. six serotype b strains were all classified into discrete genotypes. a pfge analysis of 18 str ...	1999	10364576
evaluation of the anaeropack campylo system for growth of microaerophilic bacteria.	growth of microaerophilic bacteria in the anaeropack campylo (mitsubishi gas chemical america, inc., new york, n.y.) atmosphere generation system was compared to growth in the campypak plus jar and campypak pouch (becton-dickinson microbiology systems [bdms], cockeysville, md.). growth in the anaeropack campylo system was considered equivalent to or better than growth obtained in the campypak plus and campypak pouch systems for 48 of the 50 helicobacter pylori strains and for all 28 campylobacte ...	1999	10364622
fused and overlapping rpob and rpoc genes in helicobacters, campylobacters, and related bacteria.	the genes coding for the beta (rpob) and beta' (rpoc) subunits of rna polymerase are fused in the gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori but separate in other taxonomic groups. to better understand how the unique fused structure evolved, we determined dna sequences at and around the rpob-rpoc junction in 10 gastric and nongastric species of helicobacter and in members of the related genera wolinella, arcobacter, sulfurospirillum, and campylobacter. we found the fusion to be specific to helicobacte ...	1999	10368167
campylobacter fetus infection of a previously excluded popliteal aneurysm.		1999	10388646
an uncommon helicobacter isolate from blood: evidence of a group of helicobacter spp. pathogenic in aids patients.	an unusual helicobacter sp. was isolated from the blood of a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patient. this organism had spiral morphology, with single amphitrichous flagella, and was negative for hippurate hydrolysis, production of urease, and reduction of nitrate. 16s rrna gene sequence analysis verified that the isolate was a species of helicobacter, most closely related to an undescribed helicobacter-like isolate from vancouver, british columbia, canada, and to helicobacter westme ...	1999	10405434
health status of bulls used for natural breeding on farms in south west scotland.	one hundred and nine breeding bulls were examined during the period november 1992 to june 1993 on farms in south west scotland for evidence of infectious diseases associated with breeding. preputial washings were collected to screen for campylobacter fetus venerialis, together with serial blood samples to assess their seroprevalence to bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv), bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1), leptospira hardjo and bovine herpes virus-4 (bhv-4). the possible impact of natural mating on ...	1999	10416365
characterization of a haemophilus ducreyi mutant deficient in expression of cytolethal distending toxin.	haemophilus ducreyi expresses a soluble cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) that kills hela, hep-2, and other human epithelial cells in vitro. h. ducreyi cdt activity is encoded by a three-gene cluster (cdtabc), and antibody to the cdtc gene product can neutralize cdt activity in vitro (l. d. cope, s. r. lumbley, j. l. latimer, j. klesney-tait, m. k. stevens, l. s. johnson, m. purven, r. s. munson, jr., t. lagergard, j. d. radolf, and e. j. hansen, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 94:4056-4061, 1997). c ...	1999	10417154
direct analysis and identification of helicobacter and campylobacter species by maldi-tof mass spectrometry.	campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter fetus, and campylobacter coli were compared with helicobacter pylori and helicobacter mustelae by direct analysis of individual cultured colonies in 50% methanol-water with a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (maldi-tof ms). h. pylori and campylobacter species from blood agar culture produced unique, complex spectra with over 25 different ions in mass/charge (m/z) range from 2,000 to 62,000. a biomarker for h. pylori ...	1999	10464475
comparative studies of mutations in animal isolates and experimental in vitro- and in vivo-selected mutants of salmonella spp. suggest a counterselection of highly fluoroquinolone-resistant strains in the field.	the occurrence of mutations in the genes coding for gyrase (gyra and gyrb) and topoisomerase iv (pare and parc) of salmonella typhimurium experimental mutants selected in vitro and in vivo and of 138 nalidixic acid-resistant salmonella field isolates was investigated. the sequencing of the quinolone resistance-determining region of these genes in highly fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants (mics of 4 to 16 microg/ml) revealed the presence of gyra mutations at codons corresponding to gly-81 or ser-8 ...	1999	10471553
genetics of o-antigen biosynthesis in pseudomonas aeruginosa.	pathogenic bacteria produce an elaborate assortment of extracellular and cell-associated bacterial products that enable colonization and establishment of infection within a host. lipopolysaccharide (lps) molecules are cell surface factors that are typically known for their protective role against serum-mediated lysis and their endotoxic properties. the most heterogeneous portion of lps is the o antigen or o polysaccharide, and it is this region which confers serum resistance to the organism. pse ...	1999	10477307
campylobacter bacteremia and pneumonia in two splenectomized patients.	two patients with beta thalassemia who had undergone splenectomy for hypersplenism were admitted to the hospital with high fever and lobar pneumonia. neither patient had gastrointestinal symptoms. campylobacter bacteremia was diagnosed in both patients. campylobacter jejuni was identified in the first patient and campylobacter fetus in the second. both patients were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and recovered fully.	1999	10482027
evaluation of a truncated recombinant flagellin subunit vaccine against campylobacter jejuni.	a recombinant protein comprising the maltose-binding protein (mbp) of escherichia coli fused to amino acids 5 to 337 of the flaa flagellin of campylobacter coli vc167 was evaluated for immunogenicity and protective efficacy against challenge by a heterologous strain of campylobacter, campylobacter jejuni 81-176, in two murine models. the sequence of the flaa gene of strain 81-176 revealed a predicted protein which was 98.1% similar to that of vc167 flaa over the region expressed in the fusion pr ...	1999	10531231
rapid identification of campylobacter, arcobacter, and helicobacter isolates by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 16s rrna gene.	a rapid two-step identification scheme based on pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis of the 16s rrna gene was developed in order to differentiate isolates belonging to the campylobacter, arcobacter, and helicobacter genera. for 158 isolates (26 reference cultures and 132 clinical isolates), specific rflp patterns were obtained and species were successfully identified by this assay.	1999	10565952
identification of two novel genes encoding 97- to 99-kilodalton outer membrane proteins of chlamydia pneumoniae.	two genes encoding 97- to 99-kda chlamydia pneumoniae vr1310 outer membrane proteins (omp4 and omp5) with mutual similarity were cloned and sequenced. the proteins were shown to be constituents of the c. pneumoniae outer membrane complex, and the deduced amino acid sequences were similar to those of putative outer membrane proteins encoded by the chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia trachomatis gene families. by use of a monospecific polyclonal antibody against purified recombinant omp4, it was show ...	1999	9864239
prevalence of campylobacter, arcobacter, helicobacter, and sutterella spp. in human fecal samples as estimated by a reevaluation of isolation methods for campylobacters.	the aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of campylobacteria including campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni (c. jejuni) and campylobacter coli in human clinical samples and in samples from healthy individuals and to reevaluate the efficacies of conventional selective methods for isolation of campylobacter spp. two charcoal-based selective media, modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mccda) and cefoperazone-amphotericin-teicoplanin (cat) agar, were compared with skirrow' ...	2000	10618103
genotyping of campylobacter spp.		2000	10618195
isolation and characterization of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni from macaroni penguins (eudyptes chrysolophus) in the subantarctic region.	on bird island, south georgia, albatrosses (n = 140), penguins (n = 100), and fur seals (n = 206) were sampled for campylobacter jejuni. c. jejuni subsp. jejuni was recovered from three macaroni penguins (eudyptes chrysolophus). these isolates, the first reported for the subantarctic region, showed low genetic diversity and high similarity to northern hemisphere c. jejuni isolates, possibly suggesting recent introduction to the area.	2000	10618265
genetic characterization of campylobacter jejuni o:41 isolates in relation with guillain-barré syndrome.	campylobacter jejuni o:41 strains are found in association with guillain-barré syndrome in south africa. strains of this serotype collected over 17 years were characterized by amplified fragment length polymorphism and flagellin typing to determine their clonal nature. despite minor variation in gm1 expression, all of the strains were genetically indistinguishable, indicating that they are representative of a genetically stable clone.	2000	10655404
use of defined mutants to assess the role of the campylobacter rectus s-layer in bacterium-epithelial cell interactions.	campylobacter rectus is a periodontal pathogen with a 150-kda protein on its cell surface. this protein forms a paracrystalline lattice, called the s-layer, surrounding the outer membrane of this gram-negative bacterium. to initiate a genetic analysis of the possible role of the s-layer in the initial interaction of c. rectus with host epithelial cells, c. rectus strains lacking the s-layer protein gene (crsa) were constructed by allelic exchange mutagenesis. surprisingly, the lack of the s-laye ...	2000	10678961
serum resistance in haemophilus ducreyi requires outer membrane protein dsra.	haemophilus ducreyi is resistant to killing by normal serum antibody and complement. we discovered an h. ducreyi outer membrane protein required for expression of serum resistance and termed it dsra (for "ducreyi serum resistance a"). the dsra locus was cloned, sequenced, and mutagenized. an isogenic mutant (fx517) of parent strain 35000 was constructed and characterized, and it was found to no longer express dsra. fx517 was at least 10-fold more serum susceptible than 35000. dsra was expressed ...	2000	10678980
roles of the surface layer proteins of campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus in ovine abortion.	the role of the surface (s)-layer proteins of campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus has been investigated using an ovine model of abortion. wild-type strain 23d induced abortion in up to 90% of pregnant ewes challenged subcutaneously. isolates recovered from both dams and fetuses expressed s-layer proteins with variable molecular masses. the spontaneous s-layer-negative variant, strain 23b, neither colonized nor caused abortions in pregnant ewes. a series of isogenic sapa and reca mutants, derived fr ...	2000	10678989
polymicrobial cholangitis and liver abscess in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	cholangitis/cholangiopathy associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is characterized by chronic abdominal pain, low-grade fever, cholestasis, and sometimes areas of focal or diffuse dilatation of the bile ducts that may be apparent on noninvasive imaging studies. although the etiology of this biliary disease may be multifactorial, it appears to be the result of immunosuppression and/or secondary opportunistic infections rather than a direct cytopathic effect of hiv itself ...	2000	10701798
chronic atrophic gastritis in scid mice experimentally infected with campylobacter fetus.	campylobacter fetus is a cause of enteritis and invasive extraintestinal disease in humans. in order to develop an animal model of c. fetus infection, outbred icr scid mice were orally challenged with a clinical isolate of c. fetus. the stomachs of scid mice were heavily colonized with c. fetus, and colonization was associated with the development of chronic atrophic gastritis. this lesion was characterized by an inflammatory infiltrate of granulocytes and macrophages that over time resulted in ...	2000	10722608
identification of campylobacter jejuni, c. coli, c. lari, c. upsaliensis, arcobacter butzleri, and a. butzleri-like species based on the glya gene.	currently, the detection and identification of campylobacter and arcobacter species remains arduous, largely due to cross-species phenotypic similarities and a relatively narrow spectrum of biochemical reactivity. we have developed a pcr-hybridization strategy, wherein degenerate primers are used to amplify glya fragments from samples, which are then subjected to species-specific oligodeoxyribonucleotide probe hybridizations, to identify and distinguish between campylobacter jejuni, c. coli, c. ...	2000	10747131
restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using random chromosomal gene probes for epidemiological analysis of campylobacter jejuni infections.	we have evaluated the ability of a new genotyping method for campylobacter jejuni based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms using random chromosomal gene probes. dnas from c. jejuni strains digested with each of three restriction enzymes, hhai, haeiii, and hpaii, were analyzed by southern hybridization using each of two unrelated cosmid clones, p14 and p15 (respectively containing 30- and 35-kb genomic dna fragments of c. jejuni strain oh4384). the method reported provides a stable and ...	2000	10747164
a field-suitable, semisolid aerobic enrichment medium for isolation of campylobacter jejuni in small numbers.	the objective of this study was to produce an economical, easy to prepare, field-suitable enrichment medium for detection of campylobacter jejuni in small numbers. a semisolid aerobic enrichment medium was developed. rates of recovery from inoculated medium, sterile swabs, and mixed cultures of c. jejuni and coliform bacteria were tested.	2000	10747165
campylobacter lanienae sp. nov., a new species isolated from workers in an abattoir.	campylobacter-like organisms were isolated from the faeces of healthy individuals during a hygiene survey of abattoir workers. the strains, which exhibited characteristics of campylobacter, being non-glucose-fermenting, oxidase- and catalase-positive, gram-negative, motile rods, were identified to the genus level by a pcr assay. nucleotide sequence analysis of the 16s rrna gene, dna homology experiments and determination of g + c content demonstrated that they constituted a previously undescribe ...	2000	10758898
the gale gene of campylobacter jejuni is involved in lipopolysaccharide synthesis and virulence.	lipopolysaccharide (lps) is one of the main virulence factors of gram-negative bacteria. the lps from campylobacter spp. has endotoxic properties and has been shown to play a role in adhesion. we previously cloned a gene cluster (wla) which is involved in the synthesis of the campylobacter jejuni 81116 lps molecule. sequence alignment of the first gene in this cluster indicated similarity with gale genes. these genes encode a udp-glucose 4-epimerase, which catalyzes the interconversion of udp-ga ...	2000	10768949
[a case report of campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus oophoritis].	a 45-year-old female with oophoritis (pelvic inflammatory disease) caused by campylobacter fetus (c. fetus) is reported. she was admitted to the hospital because of high fever and an acute abdomen. on admission, severe inflammation was observed by the laboratory findings, and abdominal x-ray and ct scan revealed ileus with marked swelling of the right ovary. laparotomy was performed with adonexooophrectomy due to the tubo-ovarian abscesses. c. fetus was isolated from the right ovary, salpinx and ...	2000	10783583
fecal shedding of campylobacter and arcobacter spp. in dairy cattle.	campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and arcobacter spp. were detected in feces of healthy dairy cows by highly specific multiplex-pcr assays. for c. jejuni, at this one-time sampling, cows from 80.6% of farm operations (n = 31) and 37.7% of individual dairy cattle fecal samples (n = 2,085) were positive. farm management factors were correlated with prevalence in herds in which >25% of cows were positive for c. jejuni. statistical significance was set at a p of 0.20. using these criteria, a ...	2000	10788372
growth supplements for helicobacter pylori.	the growth response of helicobacter pylori in broth was determined in the presence of ferrous sulfate, sodium pyruvate, and mucin (porcine stomach). the addition of either ferrous sulfate and sodium pyruvate or mucin to brain heart infusion broth with 7% horse serum (bhi-hs) enhanced the growth of h. pylori. the best growth of strain nb2-1, which was the slowest growing of 10 h. pylori strains evaluated, occurred in the presence of 0.05% ferrous sulfate and 0.05% sodium pyruvate. the addition of ...	2000	10790135
secretion of the caulobacter crescentus s-layer protein: further localization of the c-terminal secretion signal and its use for secretion of recombinant proteins.	the secretion signal of the caulobacter crescentus s-layer protein (rsaa) was localized to the c-terminal 82 amino acids of the molecule. protein yield studies showed that 336 or 242 c-terminal residues of rsaa mediated secretion of >50 mg of a cellulase passenger protein per liter to the culture fluids.	2000	10809716