Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| neospora caninum: the first demonstration of the enteroepithelial stages in the intestines of a naturally infected dog. | a 1.5-month-old kangal breed puppy from a dairy cattle farm died after showing severe diarrhoea and incoordination. necropsy examination revealed multifocal pulmonary consolidation and necrosis and fibrinohaemorrhagic enteritis. microscopically, there was necrotic and purulent bronchopneumonia, myocarditis and non-purulent encephalitis. in the jejunum and ileum there was villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia with oocyst-like and schizont-like structures in the epithelia. immunohistochemically, n ... | 2015 | 25981437 |
| identification and characterization of a microneme protein (ncmic6) in neospora caninum. | neospora caninum, an apicomplexa parasite, is the causative agent of neosporosis. as described for other members of apicomplexa, microneme proteins (mics) play a key role in attachment and invasion of host cells by n. caninum. herein we identified n. caninum microneme protein 6 (ncmic6) that is orthologous to toxoplasma gondii microneme protein 6 (tgmic6). the open reading frame of the ncmic6 gene is 984 bp and encodes a 327 amino acid peptide. sequence analysis showed that ncmic6 included a sig ... | 2015 | 25956399 |
| comprehensive evaluation of toxoplasma gondii veg and neospora caninum liv genomes with tachyzoite stage transcriptome and proteome defines novel transcript features. | toxoplasma gondii is an important protozoan parasite that infects all warm-blooded animals and causes opportunistic infections in immuno-compromised humans. its closest relative, neospora caninum, is an important veterinary pathogen that causes spontaneous abortion in livestock. comparative genomics of these two closely related coccidians has been of particular interest to identify genes that contribute to varied host cell specificity and disease. here, we describe a manual evaluation of these g ... | 2015 | 25875305 |
| a large-scale proteogenomics study of apicomplexan pathogens-toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum. | proteomics data can supplement genome annotation efforts, for example being used to confirm gene models or correct gene annotation errors. here, we present a large-scale proteogenomics study of two important apicomplexan pathogens: toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum. we queried proteomics data against a panel of official and alternate gene models generated directly from rnaseq data, using several newly generated and some previously published ms datasets for this meta-analysis. we identified ... | 2015 | 25867681 |
| a study of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii antibody seroprevalence in healthy cattle in the czech republic. | the aim of study was to test the sera of healthy dairy cows by elisas, the methods also used in other groups of animals in the czech republic, and thus to obtain actual data about n. caninum and t. gondii seroprevalence in cattle. | 2015 | 25780824 |
| neospora caninum recruits host cell structures to its parasitophorous vacuole and salvages lipids from organelles. | toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum, which cause the diseases toxoplasmosis and neosporosis, respectively, are two closely related apicomplexan parasites. they have similar heteroxenous life cycles and conserved genomes and share many metabolic features. despite these similarities, t. gondii and n. caninum differ in their transmission strategies and zoonotic potential. comparative analyses of the two parasites are important to identify the unique biological features that underlie the basis of ... | 2015 | 25750213 |
| improving the gene structure annotation of the apicomplexan parasite neospora caninum fulfils a vital requirement towards an in silico-derived vaccine. | neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite which can cause abortion in cattle, instigating major economic burden. vaccination has been proposed as the most cost-effective control measure to alleviate this burden. consequently the overriding aspiration for n. caninum research is the identification and subsequent evaluation of vaccine candidates in animal models. to save time, cost and effort, it is now feasible to use an in silico approach for vaccine candidate prediction. precise protein seque ... | 2015 | 25747726 |
| occurrence of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii dna in brain tissue from hoary foxes (pseudalopex vetulus) in brazil. | the hoary fox (pseudalopex vetulus) is a wild canid native to brazil and is commonly found in the semiarid northeastern area living in contact with cattle. the main purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii dna in hoary foxes, in the state of paraíba, brazil. brain tissue samples were collected from 49 hoary foxes. from the samples, dna extraction and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were performed using specific primers for n. caninum and ... | 2015 | 25746974 |
| dynamic exophthalmos and lateral strabismus in a dog caused by masticatory muscle myositis. | a 5.5-year-old neutered male mixed-breed dog was presented for evaluation of a 5-month history of deviation of the right globe upon opening the mouth and a 1-month history of conjunctivitis in the same eye. clinical findings, diagnostic imaging results, treatment and follow-up are described. | 2015 | 25728848 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum infections in small ruminants in china. | little information is available about the seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum infections in sheep and goats in china. in the present investigation, the seroprevalence of t. gondii and n. caninum infections in sheep and goats were investigated in qinghai province, china between january 2012 and june 2013. a total of 1250 serum samples (600 sheep and 650 goats) collected from 8 administrative regions of qinghai province, china were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assa ... | 2015 | 25591976 |
| role of the chemokine receptor ccr5-dependent host defense system in neospora caninum infections. | neospora caninum, a toxoplasma gondii-like obligate intracellular parasite, causes abortion in cattle and neurological signs in canines. to understand neosporosis better, studies on host cell migration and host immune responses during the early phase of infection are important. although the c-c chemokine receptor 5 (ccr5) plays a crucial role in immune cell migration, the role played by it in protective immunity against n. caninum is poorly understood. | 2015 | 25558986 |
| a 78 kda host cell invasion protein of neospora caninum as a potential vaccine candidate. | neosporosis is an intracellular protozoan disease caused by neospora caninum. until now, there is no effective vaccine to prevent neosporosis. the host cell binding protein has the potential as neosporosis vaccine. in the present study, a t7 phage display library was constructed and screened using vero cells to obtain host cell binding protein of n. caninum. two host cell binding proteins, a hypothetical protein of 78 kda (named as ncp78) homologous to the acylglycerol lipase of toxoplasma gondi ... | 2015 | 25448355 |
| risk factors involved in transmission of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum infection in rabbit farms in northern italy. | in italy, rabbits are frequently reared for meat production. the aim of the study was to find the seroprevalence of t. gondii and n. caninum parasites, and risk factors of infection in rabbit farms. | 2015 | 26706976 |
| toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in dogs from the state of tocantins: serology and associated factors. | this study investigated occurrences of anti-neospora caninum and anti-toxoplasma gondii igg antibodies by means of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifat), along with risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis and neosporosis, in 204 dogs from urban and rural areas of the municipality of araguaína, state of tocantins, brazil. one hundred and thirty samples (63.7%) were positive for t. gondii using elisa: 57.1% and 70.7% in the urban and rural ar ... | 2015 | 26689184 |
| risk factors for toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum seropositivity in buffaloes in paraiba state, brazil. | the aims of this survey were to determine the frequency of anti-toxoplasma gondii and anti-neospora caninum antibodies and to identify the risk factors associated with seropositivity among buffaloes in the state of paraíba, brazil. this survey included 136 buffaloes belonging to 14 herds. to detect anti-t. gondii and anti-n. caninum antibodies, the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) was used. among the 136 samples analyzed, 17 (12.5%) were positive for anti-t. gondii antibodies with titer ... | 2015 | 26689181 |
| toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum and leishmania spp. serology and leishmania spp. pcr in dogs from pirassununga, sp. | we examined the presence of antibodies against the parasites toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, and leishmania spp., as well the presence of dna from leishmania spp., in dogs from pirassununga - sp. the seropositivity rate was compared with the animals' originating location. three hundred seventy-three blood samples from the county's kennel and local veterinary clinics were collected and analyzed. a total of 300 samples were tested for t. gondii and n. caninum using an indirect immunofluoresce ... | 2015 | 26689180 |
| isolation and proteomic analysis of rhoptry-enriched fractions from cryptosporidium parvum. | rhoptries are unique secretory/excretory organelles that are found exclusively in the apicomplexa, and their contents are discharged at the time of invasion and are critical in the establishment of productive infection. several rhoptry proteins have been identified in toxoplasma gondii, plasmodium falciparum and neospora caninum and have been linked not only with the parasites' adhesion and invasion processes but also with their intracellular pathways. to date, only one cryptosporidium parvum rh ... | 2015 | 26587492 |
| inhibition of calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 (cdpk1) in vitro by pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives does not correlate with sensitivity of cryptosporidium parvum growth in cell culture. | cryptosporidiosis is a serious diarrheal disease in immunocompromised patients and malnourished children, and treatment is complicated by a lack of adequate drugs. recent studies suggest that the natural occurrence of a small gatekeeper residue in serine threonine calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 (cdpk1) of cryptosporidium parvum might be exploited to target this enzyme and block parasite growth. here were explored the potency with which a series of pyrazolopyrimidine analogs, which are select ... | 2015 | 26552986 |
| the development and implementation of a method using blue mussels (mytilus spp.) as biosentinels of cryptosporidium spp. and toxoplasma gondii contamination in marine aquatic environments. | surveillance monitoring for microbial water quality typically involves collecting single discrete grab samples for analyzing only one contaminant. while informative, current approaches suffer from poor recoveries and only provide a limited snapshot of the microbial contaminants only at the time of collection. to overcome these limitations, bivalves have been proposed as effective biosentinels of water quality particularly for their ability to efficiently concentrate and retain microbial contamin ... | 2015 | 26358104 |
| survey for protozoan parasites in eastern oysters (crassostrea virginica) from the gulf of maine using pcr-based assays. | protozoan pathogens represent a serious threat to oyster aquaculture, since they can lead to significant production loses. moreover, oysters can concentrate human pathogens through filter feeding, thus putting at risk raw oyster consumers' health. using pcr-based assays in oysters (crassostrea virginica) from maine, we expand the northeast range in the usa for the protozoans perkinsus marinus, perkinsus chesapeaki, and haplosporidium nelsoni, and report for the first time the detection of the hu ... | 2015 | 25889457 |
| development and application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays based on its-1 for rapid detection of toxoplasma gondii in pork. | the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay is a novel method that rapidly amplifies dna with high specificity and sensitivity under isothermal conditions. in this study, we established a lamp assay with six primers targeting a highly conserved region of toxoplasma gondii its-1 sequence. the amplification protocol completes within 30 min under isothermal condition in a 65°c water bath while specificity tests confirmed no cross-reactivity with dna templates of neospora caninum, eimeri ... | 2015 | 25624074 |
| multiplex pcr for the detection and quantification of zoonotic taxa of giardia, cryptosporidium and toxoplasma in wastewater and mussels. | giardia duodenalis, cryptosporidium parvum and toxoplasma gondii are important parasitic protists linked to water- and food-borne diseases. the accurate detection of these pathogens is central to the diagnosis, tracking, monitoring and surveillance of these protists in humans, animals and the environment. in this study, we established a multiplex real-time pcr (qpcr), coupled to high resolution melting (hrm) analysis, for the specific detection and quantification of each g. duodenalis (assemblag ... | 2015 | 25591902 |
| from the blood to the brain: avenues of eukaryotic pathogen dissemination to the central nervous system. | infection of the central nervous system (cns) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, and treatments available to combat the highly debilitating symptoms of cns infection are limited. the mechanisms by which pathogens in the circulation overcome host immunity and breach the blood-brain barrier are active areas of investigation. in this review, we discuss recent work that has significantly advanced our understanding of the avenues of pathogen dissemination to the cns for four eukaryoti ... | 2015 | 26048316 |
| [survey of epidemic status of principal human parasites in jiangxi province in 2014]. | to understand and analyze the epidemic status of principal human parasites in jiangxi province, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the 13rd five-year project of parasites control. | 2015 | 27097476 |
| cost-of-illness and disease burden of food-related pathogens in the netherlands, 2011. | to inform risk management decisions on control and prevention of food-related disease, both the disease burden expressed in disability adjusted life years (daly) and the cost-of-illness of food-related pathogens are estimated and presented. disease burden of fourteen pathogens that can be transmitted by food, the environment, animals and humans was previously estimated by havelaar et al. (2012). in this paper we complement these by cost-of-illness estimates. together, these present a complete pi ... | 2015 | 25528537 |
| a retrospective molecular study of select intestinal protozoa in healthy pet cats from italy. | the feline gut can harbour a number of protozoan parasites. recent genetic studies have highlighted new epidemiological findings about species of cryptosporidium, assemblages of giardia duodenalis and toxoplasma gondii. furthermore, epidemiological studies suggest the occurrence of tritrichomonas foetus in cats is on the increase worldwide. the prevalence of selected intestinal protozoa was determined by pcr using dna previously extracted from the faeces of 146 privately owned healthy cats from ... | 2015 | 24793744 |
| serological survey of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii and coxiella burnetii in rodents in north-western african islands (canary islands and cape verde). | coxiella burnetii and toxoplasma gondii are intracellular parasites that cause important reproductive disorders in animals and humans worldwide, resulting in high economic losses. the aim of the present study was to analyse the possible role of peridomestic small mammals in the maintenance and transmission of c. burnetii and t. gondii in the north-western african archipelagos of the canary islands and cape verde, where these species are commonly found affecting humans and farm animals. between 2 ... | 2015 | 26244685 |
| serological survey of antibodies to <i>toxoplasma gondii</i> and <i>coxiella burnetii</i> in rodents in north-western african islands (canary islands and cape verde). | coxiella burnetii and toxoplasma gondii are intracellular parasites that cause important reproductive disorders in animals and humans worldwide, resulting in high economic losses. the aim of the present study was to analyse the possible role of peridomestic small mammals in the maintenance and transmission of c. burnetii and t. gondii in the north-western african archipelagos of the canary islands and cape verde, where these species are commonly found affecting humans and farm animals. between 2 ... | 2015 | 28235262 |
| klf4 expression in conventional dendritic cells is required for t helper 2 cell responses. | the two major lineages of classical dendritic cells (cdcs) express and require either irf8 or irf4 transcription factors for their development and function. irf8-dependent cdcs promote anti-viral and t-helper 1 (th1) cell responses, whereas irf4-expressing cdcs have been implicated in controlling both th2 and th17 cell responses. here, we have provided evidence that kruppel-like factor 4 (klf4) is required in irf4-expressing cdcs to promote th2, but not th17, cell responses in vivo. conditional ... | 2015 | 25992862 |
| interleukin-22 induces interleukin-18 expression from epithelial cells during intestinal infection. | t helper 1 (th1) cell-associated immunity exacerbates ileitis induced by oral toxoplasma gondii infection. we show here that attenuated ileitis observed in interleukin-22 (il-22)-deficient mice was associated with reduced production of th1-cell-promoting il-18. il-22 not only augmented the expression of il18 mrna and inactive precursor protein (proil-18) in intestinal epithelial cells after t. gondii or citrobacter rodentium infection, but also maintained the homeostatic amount of proil-18 in th ... | 2015 | 25680273 |
| phenotypic complementation of genetic immunodeficiency by chronic herpesvirus infection. | variation in the presentation of hereditary immunodeficiencies may be explained by genetic or environmental factors. patients with mutations in hoil1 (rbck1) present with amylopectinosis-associated myopathy with or without hyper-inflammation and immunodeficiency. we report that barrier-raised hoil-1-deficient mice exhibit amylopectin-like deposits in the myocardium but show minimal signs of hyper-inflammation. however, they show immunodeficiency upon acute infection with listeria monocytogenes, ... | 2015 | 25599590 |
| different presence of chlamydia pneumoniae, herpes simplex virus type 1, human herpes virus 6, and toxoplasma gondii in schizophrenia: meta-analysis and analytical study. | in the present study we have performed both a meta-analysis and an analytical study exploring the presence of chlamydia pneumoniae, herpes simplex virus type 1, human herpes virus 6, and toxoplasma gondii antibodies in a sample of 143 schizophrenic patients and 143 control subjects. the meta-analysis was performed on papers published up to april 2014. the presence of serum immunoglobulin g and immunoglobulin a was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. the detection of microbial dn ... | 2015 | 25848282 |
| genome-wide genetic investigation of serological measures of common infections. | populations and individuals differ in susceptibility to infections because of a number of factors, including host genetic variation. we previously demonstrated that differences in antibody titer, which reflect infection history, are significantly heritable. here we attempt to identify the genetic factors influencing variation in these serological phenotypes. blood samples from >1300 mexican americans were quantified for igg antibody level against 12 common infections, selected on the basis of th ... | 2015 | 25758998 |
| coxiella burnetii shedding by farmed red deer (cervus elaphus). | wildlife and notably deer species--due to the increasing relevance of deer farming worldwide--may contribute to the maintenance of coxiella burnetii, the causal agent of q fever. currently, there are no precedents linking exposure to deer species with human q fever cases. however, a human case of q fever was recently diagnosed in a red deer (cervus elaphus) farm, which led us to investigate whether deer could be a source for environmental contamination with c. burnetii and ascertain the implicat ... | 2015 | 24127840 |
| protective efficacy of recombinant canine adenovirus type-2 expressing tgrop18 (cav-2-rop18) against acute and chronic toxoplasma gondii infection in mice. | the use of recombinant viral vectors expressing t. gondii antigens is a safe and efficient approach to induce immune responses against the parasite, as well as a valuable tool for vaccine development. we have previously prolonged the survival time of mice challenged with the rh strain of t. gondii by immunizing the mice with a eukaryotic vector expressing the protein rop18 of t. gondii. we are now looking for ways to improve this vaccination strategy and enhance protection. | 2015 | 25886737 |
| survey for infectious disease in the south american fur seal (arctocephalus australis) population at punta san juan, peru. | the peruvian population of the south american fur seal ( arctocephalus australis ) is a distinct evolutionarily significant unit that is endangered. one of the largest rookeries for this species in peru is located within the punta san juan marine protected area (15°22's, 75°12'w). to better understand the current health status of this population, exposure to 10 pinniped pathogens was evaluated in adult female fur seals (n=29) via serology and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques in novembe ... | 2015 | 26056875 |
| herd-level prevalence and associated risk factors for toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, chlamydia abortus and bovine viral diarrhoea virus in commercial dairy and beef cattle in eastern, northern and northeastern china. | although the seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, chlamydia abortus and bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in cattle have been reported in some areas in china, most of them were conducted with small number of cattle samples and very limited districts and neglected the assessment of herd management factors associated with herd-level prevalence of these pathogen infections. thus, from september 2013 to december 2014, a large-scale seroprevalence study was conducted to determin ... | 2015 | 26231838 |
| western blot expression of 5-lipoxygenase in the brain from striped dolphins (stenella coeruleoalba) and bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) with or without encephalitis/meningo-encephalitis of infectious nature. | dolphin morbillivirus (dmv), toxoplasma gondii and brucella ceti are pathogens of major concern for wild cetaceans. although a more or less severe encephalitis/meningo-encephalitis may occur in striped dolphins (stenella coeruleoalba) and bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) infected by the aforementioned agents, almost no information is available on the neuropathogenesis of brain lesions, including the neuronal and non-neuronal cells targeted during infection, along with the mechanisms unde ... | 2015 | 25864766 |
| statistical approaches to developing a multiplex immunoassay for determining human exposure to environmental pathogens. | there are numerous pathogens that can be transmitted through water. identifying and understanding the routes and magnitude of exposure or infection to these microbial contaminants are critical to assessing and mitigating risk. conventional approaches of studying immunological responses to exposure or infection such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) and other monoplex antibody-based immunoassays can be very costly, laborious, and consume large quantities of patient sample. a major li ... | 2015 | 26070441 |
| a small-molecule cell-based screen led to the identification of biphenylimidazoazines with highly potent and broad-spectrum anti-apicomplexan activity. | an in vitro screening of the anti-apicomplexan activity of 51 compounds, stemming from our chemical library and from chemical synthesis, was performed. as a study model, we used toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii), expressing β-galactosidase for the colorimetric assessment of drug activity on parasites cultivated in vitro. this approach allowed the validation of a new series of molecules with a biphenylimidazoazine scaffold as inhibitors of t. gondii growth in vitro. hence, 8 molecules significantly i ... | 2015 | 25462254 |
| occurrence of antibodies anti -toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum and leptospira interrogans in a captive deer herd in southern brazil. | a large number of brazilian zoos keep many endangered species of deer, however, very few disease surveillance studies have been conducted among captive cervids. blood samples from 32 brazilian deer (blastocerus dichotomus, mazama nana and mazama americana) kept in captivity at bela vista biological sanctuary (foz do iguaçu, brazil) were investigated for 10 ruminant pathogens, with the aims of monitoring deer health status and evaluating any potential zoonotic risk. deer serum samples were tested ... | 2015 | 26689185 |
| detection of protozoans babesia microti and toxoplasma gondii and their co-existence in ticks (acari: ixodida) collected in tarnogórski district (upper silesia, poland). | ticks (acari: ixodida) are vectors of many pathogens i. a: babesia microti [bm] and toxoplasma gondii [tg]. in poland, ixodes ricinus [ir] is the main vector of both pathogens. this tick species and pathogens transmitted by them are a significant threat to human and animal health. | 2015 | 25780833 |
| parasites and fungi as risk factors for human and animal health. | recent literature data suggests that parasitic and fungal diseases, which pose a threat to both human and animal health, remain a clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic problem. attention is increasingly paid to the role played by natural microbiota in maintaining homeostasis in humans. a particular emphasis is placed on the possibility of manipulating the human microbiota (permanent, transient, pathogenic) and macrobiota (e.g., trichuris suis) to support the treatment of selected diseases such as ... | 2015 | 26878617 |
| the nlrp1 inflammasomes. | inflammasomes are cytosolic protein complexes that serve as platforms for the recruitment and activation of the pro-inflammatory caspase-1 protease. caspase-1 activation leads to processing and maturation of the cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 and a lytic form of cell death termed pyroptosis. inflammasome assembly is initiated by cytosolic sensors in response to microbial infections. many of these sensors, including nlrp1 (nlr family, pyrin domain containing 1), are described to form ... | 2015 | 25879281 |
| phytoecdysteroids as modulators of the toxoplasma gondii growth rate in human and mouse cells. | searching for new effective drugs against human and animal toxoplasmosis we decided to test the anti-toxoplasma potential of phytoecdysteroids (α-ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone) characterized by the pleiotropic activity on mammalian organisms including the enhancement of host's anti-parasitic defence. this objective was accomplished by the in vitro evaluation of t. gondii growth in phytoecdysteroid-treated immunocompetent cells of selected hosts: humans and two strains of inbred mice with genet ... | 2015 | 26272689 |
| [a duplex pcr method for detection of babesia caballi and theileria equi]. | to develop a duplex pcr assay for detection of babesia caballi and theileria equi. | 2015 | 26245119 |
| shared elements of host-targeting pathways among apicomplexan parasites of differing lifestyles. | apicomplexans are a diverse group of obligate parasites occupying different intracellular niches that require modification to meet the needs of the parasite. to efficiently manipulate their environment, apicomplexans translocate numerous parasite proteins into the host cell. whereas some parasites remain contained within a parasitophorous vacuole membrane (pvm) throughout their developmental cycle, others do not, a difference that affects the machinery needed for protein export. a signal-mediate ... | 2015 | 25996544 |
| positive associations between infections of toxoplasma gondii and seropositivity with anisakis simplex in human patients suffering from chronic urticaria. | toxoplasma gondii is a food-borne and orofecal microorganism which produces chronic infection, and attempts have been made to prove its negative association with atopy in the context of the hygiene hypothesis. anisakis simplex is a fish parasite associated with chronic urticaria (cu) in endemic regions. we analysed the relationship between both infectious agents in cu. we included 42 patients with chronic urticaria (18 patients with cu associated with a. simplex sensitization and 24 not sensitiz ... | 2015 | 24991841 |
| genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii in yunnan black goats (capra hircus) in southwest china by pcr-rflp. | toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects almost all warm-blooded animals and human beings. goats are one of the susceptible animals to t. gondii. however, little is known of genetic diversity of t. gondii in yunnan black goats in china. the objective of this present study was to determine the genotypes of t. gondii isolates from black goats in yunnan province, southwest china. | 2015 | 25622613 |
| demographic characteristics and infectious diseases of a population of american black bears in humboldt county, california. | american black bears (ursus americanus) are common, widely distributed, and broad-ranging omnivorous mammals in northern california forests. bears may be susceptible to pathogens infecting both domestic animals and humans. monitoring bear populations, particularly in changing ecosystems, is important to understanding ecological features that could affect bear population health and influence the likelihood that bears may cause adverse impacts on humans. in all, 321 bears were captured between may ... | 2015 | 25700042 |
| experimental infection with the toxoplasma gondii me-49 strain in the brazilian br-1 mini pig is a suitable animal model for human toxoplasmosis. | toxoplasma gondii causes toxoplasmosis, a worldwide disease. experimentation with pigs is necessary for the development of new therapeutic approaches to human diseases. br-1 mini pigs were intramuscularly infected with t. gondii with tachyzoites (rh strain) or orally infected with cysts (me-49 strain). haematology and serum biochemistry were analysed and buffy coat cells were inoculated in mice to determine tachyzoite circulation. no alterations were observed in erythrocyte and platelet values; ... | 2015 | 25742268 |
| ectopic expression of a neospora caninum kazal type inhibitor triggers developmental defects in toxoplasma and plasmodium. | regulated proteolysis is known to control a variety of vital processes in apicomplexan parasites including invasion and egress of host cells. serine proteases have been proposed as targets for drug development based upon inhibitor studies that show parasite attenuation and transmission blockage. genetic studies suggest that serine proteases, such as subtilisin and rhomboid proteases, are essential but functional studies have proved challenging as active proteases are difficult to express. protei ... | 2015 | 25803874 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in wild boars, red deer and roe deer in poland. | little is known about the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in wild life, particularly game animals in poland. meat juice collected during the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 hunting seasons from 552 red deer (cervus elaphus), 367 wild boars (sus scrofa) and 92 roe deer (capreolus capreolus) was tested for t. gondii antibodies using the multi-species id screen toxoplasmosis indirect kit (idvet, montpellier, france). antibodies to t. gondii were detected in 24.1% of red deer (95% ci: 20.7%, 27.8%), 37.6% o ... | 2015 | 25993468 |
| vaccination of pigs with the s48 strain of toxoplasma gondii--safer meat for human consumption. | as clinical toxoplasmosis is not considered a problem in pigs, the main reason to implement a control strategy against toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) in this species is to reduce the establishment of t. gondii tissue cysts in pork, consequently reducing the risk of the parasite entering the human food chain. consumption of t. gondii tissue cysts from raw or undercooked meat is one of the main sources of human infection, with infected pork being considered a high risk. this study incorporates a mo ... | 2015 | 25928856 |
| protective immunity against acute toxoplasmosis in balb/c mice induced by a dna vaccine encoding toxoplasma gondii elongation factor 1-alpha. | toxoplasma gondii can infect almost all warm-blood animals including human beings. the high incidence and severe damage that can be caused by t. gondii infection clearly indicates the need for the development of a vaccine. t. gondii elongation factor 1-alpha (tgef-1α) plays an important role in pathogenesis and host cell invasion for this parasite. the aim of this study was to evaluate the immune protective efficacy of a dna vaccine encoding tgef-1α gene against acute t. gondii infection in mice ... | 2015 | 26497908 |
| a serosurvey for selected pathogens in greek european wild boar. | serum samples, collected from 94 european wild boar (sus scrofa) during the hunting seasons 2006 -2010 from different regions of greece, were examined in order to estimate the role of these wildlife species as reservoir of pathogens important for livestock and/or public health. | 2015 | 26392908 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging wild boars hunted for human consumption in estonia. | although the prevalence of human toxoplasma gondii infections is high in estonia, no information is available on the prevalence of infections in the local animal populations. wild boars are a good indicator species for estimating the prevalence and spread of t. gondii and were thus investigated in this nationwide cross-sectional study. volunteer hunters sampled cardiac or skeletal muscle of 471 wild boars legally hunted for human consumption in estonia during the hunting season of 2012-2013. ser ... | 2015 | 26239110 |
| prime-boost vaccination with toxoplasma lysate antigen, but not with a mixture of recombinant protein antigens, leads to reduction of brain cyst formation in balb/c mice. | infection with the ubiquitous parasite toxoplasma gondii is a threat for immunocompromised patients and pregnant women and effective immune-prophylaxis is still lacking. | 2015 | 26010355 |
| seroepidemiologic survey of potential pathogens in obligate and facultative scavenging avian species in california. | throughout the world, populations of scavenger birds are declining rapidly with some populations already on the brink of extinction. much of the current research into the factors contributing to these declines has focused on exposure to drug residues, lead, and other toxins. despite increased monitoring of these declining populations, little is known about infectious diseases affecting scavenger bird species. to assess potential infectious disease risks to both obligate and facultative scavenger ... | 2015 | 26606755 |
| epidemiology of meningitis in an hiv-infected ugandan cohort. | there is limited understanding of the epidemiology of meningitis among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected populations in sub-saharan africa. we conducted a prospective cohort study of hiv-infected adults with suspected meningitis in uganda, to comprehensively evaluate the etiologies of meningitis. intensive cerebrospiral fluid (csf) testing was performed to evaluate for bacterial, viral, fungal, and mycobacterial etiologies, including neurosyphilis,16s ribosomal dna (rdna) polymerase ch ... | 2015 | 25385864 |
| anti-toxoplasma activity of 2-(naphthalene-2-γlthiol)-1h indole. | this study was undertaken to evaluate the viability, infectivity and immunity of toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites exposed to 2-(naphthalene-2-ylthio)-1h-indole. | 2015 | 26246814 |
| levels of transforming growth factor-beta after immunization of mice with in vivo prepared toxoplasma gondii excretory/secretory proteins. | zoonotic parasite toxoplasma gondii has a high prevalence in human populations. a suitable vaccine for animals can stop the transmission of infection between animal and human. | 2015 | 26060564 |
| development of a pan-babesia fret-qpcr and a survey of livestock from five caribbean islands. | babesia spp. are tick-borne protozoan hemoparasites and the second most common blood-borne parasites of mammals, in particular domestic animals. we used the clustal multiple alignment program and 18s rrna gene sequences of 22 babesia species from genbank to develop a pcr that could detect a wide variety of babesia spp. in a single reaction. the pan-babesia fret-qpcr we developed reliably detected b. gibsoni, b. canis, b. vogeli, b. microti, b. bovis, and b. divergens under controlled conditions ... | 2015 | 26423577 |
| the plasmodium palmitoyl-s-acyl-transferase dhhc2 is essential for ookinete morphogenesis and malaria transmission. | the post-translational addition of c-16 long chain fatty acids to protein cysteine residues is catalysed by palmitoyl-s-acyl-transferases (pat) and affects the affinity of a modified protein for membranes and therefore its subcellular localisation. in apicomplexan parasites this reversible protein modification regulates numerous biological processes and specifically affects cell motility, and invasion of host cells by plasmodium falciparum merozoites and toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. using inhi ... | 2015 | 26526684 |
| a systematic review of changes in marine mammal health in north america, 1972-2012: the need for a novel integrated approach. | marine mammals are often cited as "sentinels of ocean health" yet accessible, synthesized data on their health changes that could effectively warn of ocean health changes are rare. the objectives of this study were to 1) perform a systematic review of published cases of marine mammal disease to determine spatial and temporal trends in disease from 1972-2012, including changes in regions and taxa affected and specific causes; and 2) compare numbers of published cases of neoplasia with known, hosp ... | 2015 | 26579715 |
| clinical and laboratory characteristics of ocular syphilis, co-infection, and therapy response. | to describe the clinical presentation of patients diagnosed with presumed latent ocular syphilis and congenital ocular syphilis at tertiary referral center in turkey, and to compare the clinical findings with patients described in other studies, specifically focusing on demographics and co-infections. | 2015 | 26730177 |
| the role of infection in miscarriage. | miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before 12 weeks (early miscarriage) or from 12 to 24 weeks (late miscarriage) of gestation. miscarriage occurs in one in five pregnancies and can have considerable physiological and psychological implications for the patient. it is also associated with significant health care costs. there is evidence that potentially preventable infections may account for up to 15% of early miscarriages and up to 66% of late miscarriages. however, the provision ... | 2015 | 26386469 |
| multicenter evaluation of the elecsys toxo igg and igm tests for the diagnosis of infection with toxoplasma gondii. | detection of igg and igm antibodies is commonly performed for the diagnosis of infection with toxoplasma gondii. we determined the accuracy of the elecsys toxo igg and igm test at four european laboratories compared to local reference methods. coefficients of variation for reproducibility ranged from 1.0 to 6.5% for igg and from 0.8 to 3.2% for igm. seroconversion panels revealed high overall concordance with the reference tests. the elecsys test detected igg antibodies earlier than the cobas co ... | 2015 | 26185683 |
| serosurvey of smooth brucella, leptospira spp. and toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging jaguars (panthera onca) and domestic animals from brazil. | this study investigated the exposure of jaguar populations and domestic animals to smooth brucella, leptospira spp. and toxoplasma gondii in the cerrado, pantanal and amazon biomes of brazil. between february 2000 and january 2010, serum samples from 31 jaguars (panthera onca), 1,245 cattle (bos taurus), 168 domestic dogs (canis lupus familiaris) and 29 domestic cats (felis catus) were collected and analysed by rose bengal test for smooth brucella, microscopic agglutination test for leptospira s ... | 2015 | 26605787 |
| serologic screening for 13 infectious agents in roe deer (capreolus capreolus) in flanders. | in order to investigate the role of roe deer in the maintenance and transmission of infectious animal and human diseases in flanders, we conducted a serologic screening in 12 hunting areas. | 2015 | 26609692 |
| infection-stimulated anemia results primarily from interferon gamma-dependent, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-independent red cell loss. | although the onset of anemia during infectious disease is commonly correlated with production of inflammatory cytokines, the mechanisms by which cytokines induce anemia are poorly defined. this study focused on the mechanism research. | 2015 | 25836617 |
| plant hormone salicylic acid produced by a malaria parasite controls host immunity and cerebral malaria outcome. | the apicomplexan parasite toxoplasma gondii produces the plant hormone abscisic acid, but it is unclear if phytohormones are produced by the malaria parasite plasmodium spp., the most important parasite of this phylum. here, we report detection of salicylic acid, an immune-related phytohormone of land plants, in p. berghei anka and t. gondii cell lysates. however, addition of salicylic acid to p. falciparum and t. gondii culture had no effect. we transfected p. falciparum 3d7 with the nahg gene, ... | 2015 | 26466097 |
| toxoplasma gondii chitinase induces macrophage activation. | toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite found worldwide that is able to chronically infect almost all vertebrate species, especially birds and mammalians. chitinases are essential to various biological processes, and some pathogens rely on chitinases for successful parasitization. here, we purified and characterized a chitinase from t. gondii. the enzyme, provisionally named tg_chitinase, has a molecular mass of 13.7 kda and exhibits a km of 0.34 mm and a vmax of 2.64. ... | 2015 | 26659253 |
| a multiplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction panel for detecting neurologic pathogens in dogs with meningoencephalitis. | meningoencephalitis (me) is a common inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system in dogs. clinically, me has both infectious and non-infectious causes. in the present study, a multiplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (mqpcr) panel was optimized for the detection of eight canine neurologic pathogens (blastomyces dermatitidis, cryptococcus spp., neospora caninum, borrelia burgdorferi, bartonella spp., toxoplasma gondii, ehrlichia canis, and canine distemper virus [cdv]). ... | 2015 | 26040611 |
| vaccination against parasites - status quo and the way forward. | although vaccination against various pathogens is integral to health management of swine, vaccines against parasites have not yet been commercialized for the use in pigs. the incentive to develop and commercialize anti-parasitic vaccines in swine are twofold; on the one hand parasitic diseases which are economically important, such as ascarosis and neonatal coccidiosis, could be controlled in a sustainable manner; on the other hand, the transmission of zoonotic parasites, such as toxoplasma gond ... | 2016 | 28405456 |
| ocular toxoplasmosis ii: clinical features, pathology and management. | the term, ocular toxoplasmosis, refers to eye disease related to infection with the parasite, toxoplasma gondii. recurrent posterior uveitis is the typical form of this disease, characterized by unilateral, necrotizing retinitis with secondary choroiditis, occurring adjacent to a pigmented retinochoroidal scar and associated with retinal vasculitis and vitritis. multiple atypical presentations are also described, and severe inflammation is observed in immunocompromised patients. histopathologica ... | 2016 | 22712598 |
| ocular toxoplasmosis i: parasitology, epidemiology and public health. | ocular toxoplasmosis results from retinal infection with the protozoan, toxoplasma gondii. this parasite, which exists as multiple clonal subpopulations and in three stages, is capable of replication in any nucleated cell of its primary feline or multiple paratenic hosts. human seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis is high across the globe, but with geographic variation. while prevalence of ocular toxoplasmosis is not well documented, toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis is the commonest form of posterior uv ... | 2016 | 22594908 |
| passage of parasites across the blood-brain barrier. | the blood-brain barrier (bbb) is a structural and functional barrier that protects the central nervous system (cns) from invasion by blood-borne pathogens including parasites. however, some intracellular and extracellular parasites can traverse the bbb during the course of infection and cause neurological disturbances and/or damage which are at times fatal. the means by which parasites cross the bbb and how the immune system controls the parasites within the brain are still unclear. in this revi ... | 2016 | 22460639 |
| autoimmune diseases, gastrointestinal disorders and the microbiome in schizophrenia: more than a gut feeling. | autoimmunity, gastrointestinal (gi) disorders and schizophrenia have been associated with one another for a long time. this paper reviews these connections and provides a context by which multiple risk factors for schizophrenia may be related. epidemiological studies strongly link schizophrenia with autoimmune disorders including enteropathic celiac disease. exposure to wheat gluten and bovine milk casein also contribute to non-celiac food sensitivities in susceptible individuals. co-morbid gi i ... | 2016 | 25034760 |
| toxoplasma gondii-infected natural killer cells display a hypermotility phenotype in vivo. | toxoplasma gondii is a highly prevalent intracellular protozoan parasite that causes severe disease in congenitally infected or immunocompromised hosts. t. gondii is capable of invading immune cells and it has been suggested that the parasite harnesses the migratory pathways of these cells to spread through the body. although in vitro evidence suggests that the parasite further enhances its spread by inducing a hypermotility phenotype in parasitized immune cells, in vivo evidence for this phenom ... | 2016 | 25533287 |
| frequency of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in bovines in the state of pernambuco, brazil. | toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by toxoplasma gondii that affects homeothermic animals, including humans. felines are considered the definitive host of this parasite, while other animals act as intermediate hosts. the purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of anti-t. gondii igg antibodies in bovines in the state of pernambuco, brazil. serum samples (n = 427) from animals in 13 municipalities of the coastal forest/plantation region of the state were analyzed using the immun ... | 2016 | 25271467 |
| [integrated screening for hiv, syphilis, and toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in the central african republic]. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of syphilis and toxoplasmosis infection in pregnant women in the central african republic who were and were not hiv-infected, in the framework of hiv surveillance. | 2016 | 24334440 |
| comparison of the efficiency of two commercial kits - elfa and western blot in estimating the phase of toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women. | sera of 89 pregnant women were selected according to the results of elfa igm, igg and avidity igg, and tested with commercial tests igm, igg and avidity igg western blot (wb) to compare the efficacy of both techniques in determining the phase of t. gondii infection. in total, 81 of 89 tested sera (91.0%) were classified as positive, both in the elfa and wb tests for the presence of anti-toxoplasma antibodies of class igg, indicating a past infection, while the prevalence of anti-toxoplasma posit ... | 2016 | 28030925 |
| production of il-1β and inflammasome with up-regulated expressions of nod-like receptor related genes in toxoplasma gondii-infected thp-1 macrophages. | toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that stimulates production of high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, which are important for innate immunity. nlrs, i.e., nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (nod)-like receptors, play a crucial role as innate immune sensors and form multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes, which mediate caspase-1-dependent processing of pro-il-1β. to elucidate the role of inflammasome components in t. gondii-infected thp-1 macrophages, we exam ... | 2016 | 28095655 |
| reexamining chronic toxoplasma gondii infection: surprising activity for a "dormant" parasite. | despite over a third of the world's population being chronically infected with toxoplasma gondii, little is known about this largely asymptomatic phase of infection. this stage is mediated in vivo by bradyzoites within tissue cysts. the absence of overt symptoms has been attributed to the dormancy of bradyzoites. in this review, we reexamine the conventional view of chronic toxoplasmosis in light of emerging evidence challenging both the nature of dormancy and the consequences of infection in th ... | 2016 | 28191447 |
| optogenetic monitoring identifies phosphatidylthreonine-regulated calcium homeostasis in toxoplasma gondii. | toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite, which inflicts acute as well as chronic infections in a wide range of warm-blooded vertebrates. our recent work has demonstrated the natural occurrence and autonomous synthesis of an exclusive lipid phosphatidylthreonine in t. gondii. targeted gene disruption of phosphatidylthreonine synthase impairs the parasite virulence due to unforeseen attenuation of the consecutive events of motility, egress and invasion. however, the underlying basi ... | 2016 | 28357357 |
| phosphatidylthreonine: an exclusive phospholipid regulating calcium homeostasis and virulence in a parasitic protest. | 2016 | 28357353 | |
| alternative splicing mechanisms orchestrating post-transcriptional gene expression: intron retention and the intron-rich genome of apicomplexan parasites. | apicomplexan parasites including toxoplasma gondii and plasmodium species have complex life cycles that include multiple hosts and differentiation through several morphologically distinct stages requiring marked changes in gene expression. this review highlights emerging evidence implicating regulation of mrna splicing as a mechanism to prime these parasites for rapid gene expression upon differentiation. we summarize the most important insights in alternative splicing including its role in regu ... | 2016 | 26194054 |
| a genome-wide crispr screen in toxoplasma identifies essential apicomplexan genes. | apicomplexan parasites are leading causes of human and livestock diseases such as malaria and toxoplasmosis, yet most of their genes remain uncharacterized. here, we present the first genome-wide genetic screen of an apicomplexan. we adapted crispr/cas9 to assess the contribution of each gene from the parasite toxoplasma gondii during infection of human fibroblasts. our analysis defines ∼200 previously uncharacterized, fitness-conferring genes unique to the phylum, from which 16 were investigate ... | 2016 | 27594426 |
| translation in organelles of apicomplexan parasites. | the protein translation machineries of the apicoplast and mitochondrion-the two actively translating organelles of apicomplexan parasites-have potential sites for drug intervention against diseases caused by these organisms. work in the past few years, particularly on plasmodium falciparum and toxoplasma gondii, has shown that a reduced machinery of enzymes and factors is sufficient for organellar translation, which is also supported by components shared with the cytosolic translation system. th ... | 2016 | 27527393 |
| characterization of a toxoplasma gondii calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase homolog. | toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite of the phylum apicomplexa and a major pathogen of animals and immunocompromised humans, in whom it causes encephalitis. understanding the mechanism of tachyzoite invasion is important for the discovery of new drug targets and may serve as a model for the study of other apicomplexan parasites. we previously showed that plasmodium falciparum expresses a homolog of human calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (camk) that is important for ... | 2016 | 27444499 |
| new paradigms for understanding and step changes in treating active and chronic, persistent apicomplexan infections. | toxoplasma gondii, the most common parasitic infection of human brain and eye, persists across lifetimes, can progressively damage sight, and is currently incurable. new, curative medicines are needed urgently. herein, we develop novel models to facilitate drug development: egs strain t. gondii forms cysts in vitro that induce oocysts in cats, the gold standard criterion for cysts. these cysts highly express cytochrome b. using these models, we envisioned, and then created, novel 4-(1h)-quinolon ... | 2016 | 27412848 |
| recent advances in understanding apicomplexan parasites. | intracellular single-celled parasites belonging to the large phylum apicomplexa are amongst the most prevalent and morbidity-causing pathogens worldwide. in this review, we highlight a few of the many recent advances in the field that helped to clarify some important aspects of their fascinating biology and interaction with their hosts. plasmodium falciparum causes malaria, and thus the recent emergence of resistance against the currently used drug combinations based on artemisinin has been of m ... | 2016 | 27347391 |
| integration of multiplex bead assays for parasitic diseases into a national, population-based serosurvey of women 15-39 years of age in cambodia. | collection of surveillance data is essential for monitoring and evaluation of public health programs. integrated collection of household-based health data, now routinely carried out in many countries through demographic health surveys and multiple indicator surveys, provides critical measures of progress in health delivery. in contrast, biomarker surveys typically focus on single or related measures of malaria infection, hiv status, vaccination coverage, or immunity status for vaccine-preventabl ... | 2016 | 27136913 |
| role of the er and golgi in protein export by apicomplexa. | apicomplexan parasites cause diseases of medical and agricultural importance linked to dramatic changes they impart upon infected host cells. following invasion, the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum renovates the host erythrocyte using mechanisms previously believed to be malaria-specific. this involves proteolytic cleavage of effectors in the endoplasmic reticulum that licences proteins for translocation into the host cell. recently, it was demonstrated that the related parasite toxoplasm ... | 2016 | 27019341 |
| using a genetically encoded sensor to identify inhibitors of toxoplasma gondii ca2+ signaling. | the life cycles of apicomplexan parasites progress in accordance with fluxes in cytosolic ca(2+) such fluxes are necessary for events like motility and egress from host cells. we used genetically encoded ca(2+) indicators (gcamps) to develop a cell-based phenotypic screen for compounds that modulate ca(2+) signaling in the model apicomplexan toxoplasma gondii in doing so, we took advantage of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor zaprinast, which we show acts in part through cgmp-dependent protein kin ... | 2016 | 26933036 |
| the conserved apicomplexan aurora kinase tgark3 is involved in endodyogeny, duplication rate and parasite virulence. | aurora kinases are eukaryotic serine/threonine protein kinases that regulate key events associated with chromatin condensation, centrosome and spindle function and cytokinesis. elucidating the roles of aurora kinases in apicomplexan parasites is crucial to understand the cell cycle control during plasmodium schizogony or toxoplasma endodyogeny. here, we report on the localization of two previously uncharacterized toxoplasma aurora-related kinases (ark2 and ark3) in tachyzoites and of the unchara ... | 2016 | 26833682 |
| structural and functional dissection of toxoplasma gondii armadillo repeats only protein. | rhoptries are club-shaped, regulated secretory organelles that cluster at the apical pole of apicomplexan parasites. their discharge is essential for invasion and the establishment of an intracellular lifestyle. little is known about rhoptry biogenesis and recycling during parasite division. in toxoplasma gondii, positioning of rhoptries involves the armadillo repeats only protein (aro) and myosin f (myof). here, we show that two aro partners, aro-interacting protein (aip) and adenylate cyclase ... | 2016 | 26769898 |
| dissecting the interface between apicomplexan parasite and host cell: insights from a divergent ama-ron2 pair. | plasmodium falciparum and toxoplasma gondii are widely studied parasites in phylum apicomplexa and the etiological agents of severe human malaria and toxoplasmosis, respectively. these intracellular pathogens have evolved a sophisticated invasion strategy that relies on delivery of proteins into the host cell, where parasite-derived rhoptry neck protein 2 (ron2) family members localize to the host outer membrane and serve as ligands for apical membrane antigen (ama) family surface proteins displ ... | 2016 | 26712012 |
| innovative molecular diagnosis of trichinella species based on β-carbonic anhydrase genomic sequence. | trichinellosis is a helminthic infection where different species of trichinella nematodes are the causative agents. several molecular assays have been designed to aid diagnostics of trichinellosis. these assays are mostly complex and expensive. the genomes of trichinella species contain certain parasite-specific genes, which can be detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods. we selected β-carbonic anhydrase (β-ca) gene as a target, because it is present in many parasites genomes but abs ... | 2016 | 26639312 |