Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted ascending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
designing carbohydrate nanoparticles for prolonged efficacy of antimicrobial peptide.in this work, carbohydrate nanoparticles were created to prolong the efficacy of antimicrobial peptide against pathogens. nisin and listeria monocytogenes were used as the peptide and pathogen models, respectively, and phytoglycogen (pg)-based nanoparticles were developed as carriers of nisin. pg from su1 mutant maize was subjected to β-amylolysis as well as subsequent succinate or octenyl succinate substitutions. the goal was to minimize the loss of peptide during storage and meanwhile realize ...201021115078
bacteriophages as biocontrol agents of food pathogens.bacteriophages have long been recognized for their potential as biotherapeutic agents. the recent approval for the use of phages of listeria monocytogenes for food safety purposes has increased the impetus of phage research to uncover phage-mediated applications with activity against other food pathogens. areas of emerging and growing significance, such as predictive modelling and genomics, have shown their potential and impact on the development of new technologies to combat food pathogens. thi ...201021115341
the heme sensing response regulator hssr in staphylococcus aureus but not the homologous rr23 in listeria monocytogenes modulates susceptibility to the antimicrobial peptide plectasin.host defence peptides (hdps), also known as antimicrobial peptides (amps), have emerged as potential new therapeutics and their antimicrobial spectrum covers a wide range of target organisms. however, the mode of action and the genetics behind the bacterial response to hdps is incompletely understood and such knowledge is required to evaluate their potential as antimicrobial therapeutics. plectasin is a recently discovered hdp active against gram-positive bacteria with the human pathogen, staphy ...201021122114
evaluation of growth/no growth interface of listeria monocytogenes growing on stainless steel surfaces, detached from biofilms or in suspension, in response to ph and nacl.the present study aimed to describe the growth/no growth interface of listeria monocytogenes at three potential states of growth in industrial environments, namely attached, (att), detached (det) from a biofilm, or in a planktonic state (suspended; plan). a 3-strain composite of l. monocytogenes cells was left to colonize stainless steel (ss) surfaces in tryptic soy broth supplemented with 0.6% yeast extract (tsbye) at 20 °c for 72 h and then transferred to tsbye at 30 different ph and nacl conc ...201021122934
limp-2 links late phagosomal trafficking with the onset of the innate immune response to listeria monocytogenes: a role in macrophage activation.the innate immune response to listeria monocytogenes depends on phagosomal bacterial degradation by macrophages. here, we describe the role of limp-2, a lysosomal type iii transmembrane glycoprotein and scavenger-like protein, in listeria phagocytosis. limp-2-deficient mice display a macrophage-related defect in listeria innate immunity. they produce less acute phase pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, mcp-1, tnf-α, and il-6 but normal levels of il-12, il-10, and ifn-γ and a 25-fold increase ...201021123180
potentiation of epithelial innate host responses by intercellular communication.the epithelium efficiently attracts immune cells upon infection despite the low number of pathogenic microbes and moderate levels of secreted chemokines per cell. here we examined whether horizontal intercellular communication between cells may contribute to a coordinated response of the epithelium. listeria monocytogenes infection, transfection, and microinjection of individual cells within a polarized intestinal epithelial cell layer were performed and activation was determined at the single c ...201021124989
antagonistic effect of lactobacillus strains against escherichia coli and listeria monocytogenes in milk.the current work studied four types of binary antagonist/pathogen bacterial culture system, in order to determine the effect of interaction between two strains of lactobacillus plantarum and two food-borne pathogens, listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli, in whole uht milk at 37°c. to determine the type of interaction between the two bacterial populations in co-cultures and to evaluate the antagonistic activity of the lactic acid bacteria (lab) on the pathogenic bacteria, the growth curves ...201021126381
molluscan death effector domain (ded)-containing caspase-8 gene from disk abalone (haliotis discus discus): molecular characterization and expression analysis.the caspase family represents aspartate-specific cysteine proteases that play key roles in apoptosis and immune signaling. in this study, we cloned the first death effector domain (ded)-containing molluscan caspase-8 gene from disk abalone (haliotis discus discus), which is named as hdcaspase-8. the full-length hdcaspase was 2855 bp, with a 1908 bp open reading frame encoding 636 amino acids. the hdcaspase-8 had 72 kda predicted molecular mass with an estimated isoelectric point (pi) of 6.0. the ...201021130887
simultaneous recovery of bacteria and viruses from contaminated water and spinach by a filtration method.water and leafy vegetables eaten fresh are increasingly reported as being involved in food-borne illness cases. the pathogenic agents responsible for these infections are mainly bacteria and viruses and are present in very small quantities on the contaminated food matrices. laboratory techniques used to isolate or detect the contaminating agent differ enormously according to the type of microorganisms, generating time and economical losses. the purpose of this study was to optimize a single meth ...201021131086
modeling of pathogen survival during simulated gastric digestion.the objective of the present study was to develop a mathematical model of pathogenic bacterial inactivation kinetics in a gastric environment in order to further understand a part of the infectious dose-response mechanism. the major bacterial pathogens listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, and salmonella spp. were examined by using simulated gastric fluid adjusted to various ph values. to correspond to the various phs in a stomach during digestion, a modified logistic differential eq ...201021131530
invasion and destruction of a murine fibrosarcoma by salmonella-induced effector cd8 t cells as a therapeutic intervention against cancer.we have developed a new vaccination strategy by using the salmonella type iii secretion system (t3ss) to translocate heterologous antigens into the cytosol of host cells. this leads to an efficient antigen-specific cd8 t cell induction. recently, we have demonstrated the use of salmonella's t3ss for the immunoprophylaxis of a solid tumor. the murine fibrosarcoma wehi 164 was transfected with the dna sequence encoding the mhc class i-peptide p60(217-225) from listeria monocytogenes. in the presen ...201021132428
high-throughput genome sequencing of two listeria monocytogenes clinical isolates during a large foodborne outbreak.a large, multi-province outbreak of listeriosis associated with ready-to-eat meat products contaminated with listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2a occurred in canada in 2008. subtyping of outbreak-associated isolates using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) revealed two similar but distinct asci pfge patterns. high-throughput pyrosequencing of two l. monocytogenes isolates was used to rapidly provide the genome sequence of the primary outbreak strain and to investigate the extent of genetic ...201020167121
impact of mechanical shear on the survival of listeria monocytogenes on surfaces.the impact of mechanical surface shear on microbial viability is rarely a subject for exploration in food processing. the objective of this research was to investigate the impact of mechanical shear on the survival of listeria monocytogenes on surfaces. mechanical shear created by slicing a model food was explored to investigate the viability of l. monocytogenes. cell injury/death was readily demonstrated in fluorescence images by confocal microscopy in which the live and dead cells were fluores ...201020722924
hrca and dnak are important for static and continuous-flow biofilm formation and disinfectant resistance in listeria monocytogenes.the food-borne pathogen listeria monocytogenes is able to form biofilms in food processing environments. since biofilms are generally difficult to eradicate during clean-up procedures, they pose a major risk for the food industry. stress resistance mechanisms involved in l. monocytogenes biofilm formation and disinfectant resistance have, to our knowledge, not been identified thus far. in this study, we investigated the role of hrca, which encodes the transcriptional regulator of the class i hea ...201020724383
comprehensive appraisal of the extracellular proteins from a monoderm bacterium: theoretical and empirical exoproteomes of listeria monocytogenes egd-e by secretomics.defined as proteins actively transported via secretion systems, secreted proteins can have radically different subcellular destinations in monoderm (gram-positive) bacteria. from degradative enzymes in saprophytes to virulence factors in pathogens, secreted proteins are the main tools used by bacteria to interact with their surroundings. the etiological agent of listeriosis, listeria monocytogenes, is a gram-positive facultative intracellular foodborne pathogen, whose ecological niche is the soi ...201020839850
identification of the full set of listeria monocytogenes penicillin-binding proteins and characterization of pbpd2 (lmo2812).bacterial penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) can be visualized by their ability to bind radiolabeled or fluorescent β-lactam derivatives both whole cells and membrane/cell enriched fractions. analysis of the listeria monocytogenes genome sequence predicted ten genes coding for putative pbps, but not all of their products have been detected in studies using radiolabeled antibiotics, thus hindering their characterization. here we report the positive identification of the full set of l. monocytogen ...201020843347
how a routine checking of escherichia coli in retailed food of animal origin can protect consumers against exposition to campylobacter spp. and listeria monocytogenes?according to the literature that has been published over the last two decades campylobacter spp i listeria monocitogens can be identified as causes of numerous diseases derived by consuming food of animal origin. the purpose of this paper was to find out how established national microbiological criteria of the republic of serbia on food safety in retailed food of animal origin could contribute to consumer's protection against exposition to foodborne pathogens such as campylobacter spp. and liste ...201020845664
the growth potential of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella spp. and listeria monocytogenes in dairy manure-based compost in a greenhouse setting under different seasons.the pathogen growth in dairy compost was studied in a greenhouse setting under different seasons.201020846332
probing the pan-genome of listeria monocytogenes: new insights into intraspecific niche expansion and genomic diversification.bacterial pathogens often show significant intraspecific variations in ecological fitness, host preference and pathogenic potential to cause infectious disease. the species of listeria monocytogenes, a facultative intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of human listeriosis, consists of at least three distinct genetic lineages. two of these lineages predominantly cause human sporadic and epidemic infections, whereas the third lineage has never been implicated in human disease outbreaks de ...201020846431
three-year multicenter surveillance of community-acquired listeria monocytogenes meningitis in adults.listeria monocytogenes is the third most frequent cause of bacterial meningitis. the aim of this study is to know the incidence and risk factors associated with development of acute community-acquired lm meningitis in adult patients and to evaluate the clinical features, management, and outcome in this prospective case series.201021067624
modeling time to inactivation of listeria monocytogenes in response to high pressure, sodium chloride, and sodium lactate.a mathematical model was developed to predict time to inactivation (tti) by high pressure processing of listeria monocytogenes in a broth system (ph 6.3) as a function of pressure (450 to 700 mpa), inoculum level (2 to 6 log cfu/ml), sodium chloride (1 or 2%), and sodium lactate (0 or 2.5%) from a 4°c initial temperature. ten l. monocytogenes isolates from various sources, including processed meats, were evaluated for pressure resistance. the five most resistant strains were used as a cocktail t ...201021067666
fates of foodborne pathogens in raw hams manufactured rapidly using a new patented method.to manufacture raw ham in an efficient manner, we recently developed a new system in which presliced pork loin was used, and the processing time was reduced to 5% of the conventional method. this study aimed to examine whether this raw ham could be as safe as ham produced by the conventional method. pork loin spiked with enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli serotype o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2c, salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, and staphylococcus aureus were processed usin ...201021067667
quantitative microbial risk assessment for escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica, and listeria monocytogenes in leafy green vegetables consumed at salad bars, based on modeling supply chain logistics.quantitative microbial risk assessments do not usually account for the planning and ordering mechanisms (logistics) of a food supply chain. these mechanisms and consumer demand determine the storage and delay times of products. the aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the difference between simulating supply chain logistics (mod) and assuming fixed storage times (fix) in microbial risk estimation for the supply chain of fresh-cut leafy green vegetables destined for working-canteen sala ...201021067671
expression of lactobacillus reuteri pg4 collagen-binding protein gene in lactobacillus casei atcc 393 increases its adhesion ability to caco-2 cells.the collagen-binding protein gene cnb was cloned from the probiotic lactobacillus reuteri strain pg4. the dna sequence of the cnb gene (792 bp) has an open reading frame encoding 263 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 28.5 kda. the cnb gene was constructed so as to constitutively express under the control of the lactococcus lactis laca promoter and was transformed into lactobacillus casei atcc 393, a strain isolated from dairy products with poor ability to adhere to intestinal epi ...201021070005
a live attenuated listeria monocytogenes vaccine vector expressing siv gag is safe and immunogenic in macaques and can be administered repeatedly.listeria monocytogenes (lm) is known to induce strong cellular immune responses. we constructed a live-attenuated lm vector, lmdd-bdopsivgag, which encodes sivmac239 gag. intragastric (i.g.) administration of 3 × 10(12) bacteria to rhesus macaques was safe and induced anti-gag cellular but no humoral immune responses. boosting of gag-specific cellular responses was observed after i.g. administration of lmdd-bdopsivgag to previously vaccinated rm despite preexisting anti-lm immunity shown by lymp ...201021070847
prevalence and characterization of antimicrobial resistance of foodborne listeria monocytogenes isolates in hebei province of northern china, 2005-2007.a total of 2177 food samples collected from nine cities in northern china during 2005 to 2007 were screened for the presence of listeria monocytogenes. all l. monocytogenes isolates were subjected to serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), as well as pcr screening to identify genes responsible for tetracycline resistance [tet(l), tet(m), tet(k), tet(s) and tet(b)], transposon tn916, and class 1 integron. contamination with l. monocytogenes was detected ...201021074885
real-time pcr assay to differentiate listeriolysin s-positive and -negative strains of listeria monocytogenes.due to the severity of the food-borne infection listeriosis, strict legislation governs the detectable and permissible limits at which listeria monocytogenes is permitted in foods. these requirements, coupled with the ubiquitous nature of l. monocytogenes strains and the potential for epidemic outbreaks, mean that the pathogen can devastate affected sectors of the food industry. although almost all l. monocytogenes strains have the potential to cause listeriosis, those implicated in the vast maj ...201021075895
effector function-deficient memory cd8+ t cells clonally expand in the liver and give rise to peripheral memory cd8+ t cells.upon adoptive transfer into histocompatible mice, naive cd8(+) t cells stimulated ex vivo by tcr+il-4 turn into long-lived functional memory cells. the liver contains a large number of so formed memory cd8(+) t cells, referred to as liver memory t cells (t(lm)) in the form of cell clusters. the cd62l(low) expression and nonlymphoid tissue distribution of t(lm) cells are similar to effector memory (t(em)) cells, yet their deficient cytotoxicity and ifn-γ inducibility are unlike t(em) cells. adopt ...201021078905
ion accumulation in a protein nanocage: finding noisy temporal sequences using a genetic algorithm.many pathogenic bacteria are able to survive attack by the host's immune system because of antioxidant systems that mitigate the effects of reactive oxygen species. dps is a hollow 12-subunit protein nanocage that prevents oxidative damage by oxidizing and sequestering intracellular fe(2+); the resulting fe(3+) forms an iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticle in the cage interior. charged sites on the protein nanocage create an electrostatic gradient that guides ions through well-defined pores that conne ...201021081087
mixed species biofilms of listeria monocytogenes and lactobacillus plantarum show enhanced resistance to benzalkonium chloride and peracetic acid.we investigated the formation of single and mixed species biofilms of listeria monocytogenes strains egd-e and lr-991, with lactobacillus plantarum wcfs1 as secondary species, and their resistance to the disinfectants benzalkonium chloride and peracetic acid. modulation of growth, biofilm formation, and biofilm composition was achieved by addition of manganese sulfate and/or glucose to the bhi medium. composition analyses of the mixed species biofilms using plate counts and fluorescence microsco ...201021084128
tnf receptor-associated factor 3 is required for t cell-mediated immunity and tcr/cd28 signaling.we recently reported that tnfr-associated factor (traf)3, a ubiquitously expressed adaptor protein, promotes mature b cell apoptosis. however, the specific function of traf3 in t cells has remained unclear. in this article, we report the generation and characterization of t cell-specific traf3(-/-) mice, in which the traf3 gene was deleted from thymocytes and t cells. ablation of traf3 in the t cell lineage did not affect cd4 or cd8 t cell populations in secondary lymphoid organs or the numbers ...201021084666
molecular biology of surface colonization by listeria monocytogenes: an additional facet of an opportunistic gram-positive foodborne pathogen.the opportunistic and facultative intracellular pathogenic bacterium listeria monocytogenes causes a rare but severe foodborne disease called listeriosis, the outcome of which can be fatal. the infection cycle and key virulence factors are now well characterized in this species. nonetheless, this knowledge has not prevented the re-emergence of listeriosis, as recently reported in several european countries. listeria monocytogenes is particularly problematic in the food industry since it can surv ...201021087384
listeria monocytogenes in irish farmhouse cheese processing environments.sixteen cheesemaking facilities were sampled during the production season at monthly intervals over a two-year period. thirteen facilities were found to have samples positive for listeria monocytogenes. samples were divided into 4 categories; cheese, raw milk, processing environment and external to the processing environment (samples from the farm such as silage, bedding, and pooled water). in order to attempt to identify the source, persistence and putative transfer routes of contamination with ...201021087802
cd44-independent activation of the met signaling pathway by hgf and inlb.listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular gram-positive bacterium responsible for listeriosis. it is able to invade, survive and replicate in phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells. the l. monocytogenes surface protein inlb interacts with c-met, the hepatocyte growth factor (hgf) receptor, inducing bacterial internalization in numerous non-phagocytic cells. as inlb and hgf are known to trigger similar signaling pathways upon c-met activation, we investigated the role of cd44, and more s ...201020670691
listeria monocytogenes as a rare cause of mycotic aortic aneurysm.mycotic aneurysms represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge still lacking general recommendations for optimal therapy. so far, listeria monocytogenes (l. monocytogenes) is very rarely reported to be the causative organism of mycotic aortic aneurysms. we report 2 cases of mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysms due to l. monocytogenes infection being treated by radical debridement, open in situ reconstruction with aorto-bi-iliac dacron grafts, and long-term antibiotic therapy. both patients rec ...201020670778
spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to listeria monocytogenes: importance of enrichment culture.a case of listeria monocytogenes induced spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (sbp) is reported in a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis. it is an indolent illness and may not show a neutrophil reaction in peritoneal fluid. enrichment broth was required to isolate l monocytogenes in the patient. this is not routinely used in the uk and therefore isolates may be missed. l monocytogenes remains sensitive to ampicillin, penicillin and gentamicin, but is resistant to cephalosporin antibiotics. the r ...201020671045
combined effect of synthetic enterocin crl35 with cell wall, membrane-acting antibiotics and muranolytic enzymes against listeria cells.to evaluate the inhibition effectiveness of enterocin crl35 in combination with cell wall, membrane-acting antibiotics and muranolytic enzymes against the foodborne pathogen listeria.201020672439
volatile profile and microbiological characterization of hollow defect in dry-cured ham.this paper describes the physicochemical and microbiological parameters and volatile profile of the muscles surrounding the coxofemoral joint which are affected with hollow defect when compared to the part of muscles nearby which did not show this defect. differences of the same parameters between both areas in dry-cured hams without this defect were also analyzed. gram-positive catalase-positive cocci were the predominant flora in the muscles affected with hollow defect, with the main species b ...201020674188
the chitinolytic activity of listeria monocytogenes egd is regulated by carbohydrates but also by the virulence regulator prfa.chitin, an insoluble polymer of n-acetyl-d-glucosamine (glcnac), is one of the most abundant carbohydrate polymers in marine and terrestrial environments. chitin hydrolysis by listeria monocytogenes depends on two chitinase-encoding genes, chia and chib, and the aim of this study was to investigate their regulation. chitin induces the expression of both chitinases in late exponential growth phase, and chia but not chib is furthermore induced by the monomer glcnac. furthermore, their expression i ...201020675445
modeling the effect of abrupt acid and osmotic shifts within the growth region and across growth boundaries on adaptation and growth of listeria monocytogenes.this study aims to model the effects of acid and osmotic shifts on the intermediate lag time of listeria monocytogenes at 10°c in a growth medium. the model was developed from data from a previous study (c. i. a. belessi, y. le marc, s. i. merkouri, a. s. gounadaki, s. schvartzman, k. jordan, e. h. drosinos, and p. n. skandamis, submitted for publication) on the effects of osmotic and ph shifts on the kinetics of l. monocytogenes. the predictive ability of the model was assessed on new data in m ...201020675449
transcriptome analysis of alkali shock and alkali adaptation in listeria monocytogenes 10403s.alkali stress is an important means of inactivating undesirable pathogens in a wide range of situations. unfortunately, listeria monocytogenes can launch an alkaline tolerance response, significantly increasing persistence of the pathogen in such environments. this study compared transcriptome patterns of alkali and non-alkali-stressed l. monocytogenes 10403s cells, to elucidate the mechanisms by which listeria adapts and/or grows during short- or long-term alkali stress. transcription profiles ...201020677981
a new family of phosphoinositide phosphatases in microorganisms: identification and biochemical analysis.phosphoinositide metabolism is essential to membrane dynamics and impinges on many cellular processes, including phagocytosis. modulation of phosphoinositide metabolism is important for pathogenicity and virulence of many human pathogens, allowing them to survive and replicate in the host cells. phosphoinositide phosphatases from bacterial pathogens are therefore key players in this modulation and constitute attractive targets for chemotherapy. mptpb, a virulence factor from mycobacterium tuberc ...201020678187
application of an active alginate coating to control the growth of listeria monocytogenes on poached and deli turkey products.the relatively high prevalence of listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat (rte) turkey products is of great concern. the overall objective of this study was to develop antimicrobial edible coating formulations to effectively control the growth of this pathogen. the antimicrobials studied were nisin (500iu/g), novagard cb 1 (0.25%), guardian nr100 (500ppm), sodium lactate (sl, 2.4%), sodium diacetate (sd, 0.25%), and potassium sorbate (ps, 0.3%). these were incorporated alone or in binary combinat ...201020678824
neutrophils influence the level of antigen presentation during the immune response to protein antigens in adjuvants.neutrophils modulated ag presentation following immunization with ags in cfa or ifa or alum. the neutrophils had an important negative role in the cd4 t cell and b cell responses to three protein ags: hen egg white lysozyme, ova, and listeriolysin o. in their absence (by depleting with abs for only the first 24 h, or using genetically neutropenic mice), the cellular responses increased several-fold. the cd8 response was not affected or slightly decreased. competition for ag between the presentin ...201020679530
presence and incidence of food-borne pathogens in australian chicken litter.1. litter samples were collected at the end of the production cycle from spread litter in a single shed from each of 28 farms distributed across the three eastern seaboard states of australia. 2. the geometric mean for salmonella was 44 most probable number (mpn)/g for the 20 positive samples. five samples were between 100 and 1000 mpn/g and one at 10(5) mpn/g, indicating a range of factors are contributing to these varying loads of this organism in litter. 3. the geometric mean for campylobacte ...201020680865
listeria monocytogenes (delta-acta mutant) infection in tumor necrosis factor receptor p55-deficient neonatal mice.using tnf receptor 1 knock out (tnfr1ko) mice, we investigated the role played by tnfr1 in immune regulation during neonatal listeriosis. induction of protective immune response in wild type pups resulted in the prompt control of infection with an attenuated deltaacta mutant listeria monocytogenes, accompanied by enhanced hepatic expression of mrna for ifn-gamma, tnf-alpha, and il-10. conversely, the lack of tnfr1 signalling in tnfr1ko neonatal mice resulted in substantial changes in the profile ...201020685289
brichos domain-containing leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 1-like cdna from disk abalone haliotis discus discus.a brichos domain-containing leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 1-like cdna was cloned from the disk abalone (haliotis discus discus) and designated as ablect-1. a full-length (705 bp) of ablect-1 cdna was composed of a 576 bp open reading frame that translates into a putative peptide of 192 amino acids. deduced amino acid sequence of ablect-1 had 15.5- and 27.8% identity and similarity to human lect-1, respectively. quantitative real-time pcr analysis results showed that the mrna of ablect-1 was ...201020688173
characterisation of an antiviral pediocin-like bacteriocin produced by enterococcus faecium.the bacteriocin-producing strain enterococcus faecium st5ha was isolated from smoked salmon and identified by biomolecular techniques. ent. faecium st5ha produces a pediocin-like bacteriocin with activity against several lactic acid bacteria, listeria spp. and some other human and food pathogens, and remarkably against hsv-1 virus. bacteriocin st5ha was produced at high levels in mrs broth at 30 degrees c and 37 degrees c, reaching a maximum production of 1.0 x 10(9) au/ml, checked against liste ...201020688228
isolation and identification of enterococcus faecium from seafoods: antimicrobial resistance and production of bacteriocin-like substances.a collection of isolates from uncooked seafoods (molluscs, fish, and fish fillets) were identified as enterococcus faecium species and studied in further detail. isolates were clustered in well-defined genomic groups according to food origin after eric-pcr analysis. four isolates (fr 1-2, fb 1-3-b, fb 3-1, fta 1-2) decarboxylated lysine, ornithine, and tyrosine. isolate fr 1-2 also decarboxylated histidine. most isolates were sensitive to antibiotics of clinical use, but resistance was detected ...201020688238
molecular pathogenesis of listeria monocytogenes in the alternative model host galleria mellonella.larvae of galleria mellonella, the greater wax moth, provide an alternative infection model for many human pathogens as they are amenable to use at elevated incubation temperatures (37 °c). this study and a parallel study by mukherjee et al. [mukherjee, k., altincicek, b., hain, t., domann, e., vilcinskas, a. & chakraborty, t. (2010). appl environ microbiol 76, 310-317] establish this insect host as an appropriate model to investigate the pathogenesis of listeria species. in this study we ...201020688820
glutamate decarboxylase-mediated nisin resistance in listeria monocytogenes.analysis of a complete set of glutamate decarboxylase (gad) mutants of listeria monocytogenes strain lo28 (δgadd1, δgaddt1, δgadd2, δgadt2, and δgadd3 mutants) revealed that the δgadd1 mutant is impaired in its ability to tolerate exposure to both sublethal and lethal levels of the lantibiotic nisin. gadd1 is strain variable and is found only in approximately 50% of l. monocytogenes strains. growth and survival experiments revealed that possession of gadd1 correlates with a higher degree of tole ...201020693450
[comparative characteristics of oxygen-dependent and nitroxide-forming enzymatic systems of macrophages in staphylococcus aureus and listeria monocytogenes infections].the reactivity of oxide-dependent and nitroxide-forming enzymatic systems of macrophages infected by bacteria, characterized by intraphagosomal (staphylococcus aureus) and intracytoplasmatic (listeria monocytogenes) localization in the phagocyte has been investigated. the correlation analysis revealed links between indices of the activity of oxide-dependent and nitroxide-forming enzymatic systems of infected macrophages.201020695216
when toll-like receptor and t-cell receptor signals collide: a mechanism for enhanced cd8 t-cell effector function.emerging reports reveal that activating toll-like receptor-2 (tlr2)-myd88 signals in cd8 t lymphocytes enhances cytokine production and cytotoxicity; however, the signaling pathway remains undefined. in the present study, we examined the physiologic significance and molecular mechanisms involved in this process. we found that tlr2 engagement on t-cell receptor transgenic cd8 ot-1 t cells increased t-bet transcription factor levels consequently, augmenting effector transcript and protein levels b ...201020696947
surveillance for foodborne disease outbreaks --- united states, 2007.foodborne agents cause an estimated 76 million illnesses annually in the united states. outbreak surveillance provides insights into the causes of foodborne illness, types of implicated foods, and settings of foodborne infections that can be used in food safety strategies to prevent and control foodborne disease. cdc collects data on foodborne disease outbreaks submitted from all states and territories. this report summarizes epidemiologic data for the 1,097 reported outbreaks occurring during 2 ...201020703204
foodborne proportion of gastrointestinal illness: estimates from a canadian expert elicitation survey.the study used a structured expert elicitation survey to derive estimates of the foodborne attributable proportion for nine illnesses caused by enteric pathogens in canada. it was based on a similar study conducted in the united states and focused on campylobacter, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, nontyphoidal salmonella enterica, shigella spp., vibrio spp., yersinia enterocolitica, cryptosporidium parvum, and norwalk-like virus. for each pathogen, experts were asked to provide ...201020704505
salt stress phenotypes in listeria monocytogenes vary by genetic lineage and temperature.listeria monocytogenes can survive and grow under wide-ranging environmental stress conditions encountered both in foods and in the host. the ability of certain l. monocytogenes subtypes to thrive under stress conditions present in specific niches was hypothesized to reflect genetic characteristics and phenotypic capabilities conserved among strains within a subtype. to quantify variations in salt stress phenotypes among 40 strains selected to represent the diversity of the three major l. monocy ...201020707723
growth temperature-dependent contributions of response regulators, σb, prfa, and motility factors to listeria monocytogenes invasion of caco-2 cells.foodborne pathogens encounter rapidly changing environmental conditions during transmission, including exposure to temperatures below 37°c. the goal of this study was to develop a better understanding of the effects of growth temperatures and temperature shifts on regulation of invasion phenotypes and invasion-associated genes in listeria monocytogenes. we specifically characterized the effects of l. monocytogenes growth at different temperatures (30°c vs. 37°c) on (i) the contributions to caco- ...201020707735
a population genetics-based and phylogenetic approach to understanding the evolution of virulence in the genus listeria.the genus listeria includes (i) the opportunistic pathogens l. monocytogenes and l. ivanovii, (ii) the saprotrophs l. innocua, l. marthii, and l. welshimeri, and (iii) l. seeligeri, an apparent saprotroph that nevertheless typically contains the prfa virulence gene cluster. a novel 10-loci multilocus sequence typing scheme was developed and used to characterize 67 isolates representing six listeria spp. (excluding l. grayi) in order to (i) provide an improved understanding of the phylogeny and e ...201020656873
antigen-specific clonal expansion and cytolytic effector function of cd8+ t lymphocytes depend on the transcription factor bcl11b.cd8(+) t lymphocytes mediate the immune response to viruses, intracellular bacteria, protozoan parasites, and tumors. we provide evidence that the transcription factor bcl11b/ctip2 controls hallmark features of cd8(+) t cell immunity, specifically antigen (ag)-dependent clonal expansion and cytolytic activity. the reduced clonal expansion in the absence of bcl11b was caused by altered proliferation during the expansion phase, with survival remaining unaffected. two genes with critical roles in t ...201020660613
[spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by listeria monocytogenes in ascites of cardiac origin]. 201020667529
three adult cases of listeria monocytogenes meningitis in vietnam. 201020668655
fidelity of pathogen-specific cd4+ t cells to the th1 lineage is controlled by exogenous cytokines, interferon-gamma expression, and pathogen lifestyle.the degree of lineage stability achieved by pathogen-specific cd4(+) t cells in vivo, and how this impacts host defense against infection, remains unclear. we demonstrate that in response to th1-polarizing intracellular bacterial or viral pathogens, only 80%-90% of responding polyclonal t cells become indelibly committed to this lineage. th1 commitment was nearly invariant in cells that proliferated extensively, but perturbations to the extrinsic cytokine milieu or the pathogen's ability to ente ...201020709293
a targeted multilocus genotyping assay for lineage, serogroup, and epidemic clone typing of listeria monocytogenes.a 30-probe assay was developed for simultaneous classification of listeria monocytogenes isolates by lineage (i to iv), major serogroup (4b, 1/2b, 1/2a, and 1/2c), and epidemic clone (ec) type (eci, ecia, ecii, and eciii). the assay was designed to facilitate rapid strain characterization and the integration of subtype data into risk-based inspection programs.201020709839
tela contributes to the innate resistance of listeria monocytogenes to nisin and other cell wall-acting antibiotics.nisin is a class i bacteriocin (lantibiotic), which is employed by the food and veterinary industries and exhibits potent activity against numerous pathogens. however, this activity could be further improved through the targeting and inhibition of factors that contribute to innate nisin resistance. here we describe a novel locus, lmo1967, which is required for optimal nisin resistance in listeria monocytogenes. the importance of this locus, which is a homologue of the tellurite resistance gene t ...201020713661
tyrosine kinase 2 controls il-1ß production at the translational level.il-1beta is an important proinflammatory cytokine with a major role in several inflammatory diseases. expression of il-1beta is tightly regulated at the level of transcription, mrna stability, and proteolytic processing. in this study, we report that il-1beta expression in response to lps is also regulated at the translational level. lps-induced il-1beta protein levels in macrophages derived from murine bone marrow are markedly increased in the absence of tyrosine kinase 2 (tyk2). increased il-1 ...201020713887
rapid identification of listeria species and screening for variants by melting curve and high-resolution melting curve analyses of the intergenic spacer region of the rrna gene.the presence of any listeria species in food may be an indicator of poor hygiene in food processing facilities. the biochemical identification of listeria species is laborious and time consuming. therefore, the development of novel identification methods that are rapid and simple to perform would be an asset. in this study, large intergenic spacer region amplicons of 343-374 bp were generated from 207 listeria isolates. the melting curve analysis of these amplicons specifically classified all is ...201020725130
[typing of listeria monocytogenes in import and export foods with pfge].to investigate the molecular type and genetic correlation of listeria monocytogenes (lmo) isolated from imported and exported foods.201020726251
differentiation and persistence of memory cd8(+) t cells depend on t cell factor 1.t cell factor 1 (tcf-1) is a transcription factor known to act downstream of the canonical wnt pathway and is essential for normal t cell development. however, its physiological roles in mature cd8(+) t cell responses are unknown. here we showed that tcf-1 deficiency limited proliferation of cd8(+) effector t cells and impaired their differentiation toward a central memory phenotype. moreover, tcf-1-deficient memory cd8(+) t cells were progressively lost over time, exhibiting reduced expression ...201020727791
first molluscan transcription factor activator protein-1 (ap-1) member from disk abalone and its expression profiling against immune challenge and tissue injury.the regulation of transcriptional activation is an essential and critical point in gene expression. in this study, we describe a novel transcription factor activator protein-1 (ap-1) gene from disk abalone haliotis discus discus (abap-1) for the first time in mollusk. it was identified by homology screening of an abalone normalized cdna library. the cloned abap-1 consists of a 945 bp coding region that encodes a putative protein containing 315 amino acids. the abap-1 gene is composed of a charac ...201020732431
class iia bacteriocin resistance in enterococcus faecalis v583: the mannose pts operon mediates global transcriptional responses.the class iia bacteriocin, pediocin pa-1, has clear potential as food preservative and in the medical field to be used against gram negative pathogen species as enterococcus faecalis and listeria monocytogenes. resistance towards class iia bacteriocins appear in laboratory and characterization of these phenotypes is important for their application. to gain insight into bacteriocin resistance we studied mutants of e. faecalis v583 resistant to pediocin pa-1 by use of transcriptomic analyses.201020738841
heterologous production of pediocin pa-1 in lactobacillus reuteri.the recombinant dna plr5cat_psab in which pediocin pa-1 structural and immunity genes (pedab) fused with the promoter and deduced signal sequence of an alpha-amylase gene from a bifidobacterial strain were inserted in plr5cat, an escherichia coli-lactobacilli shuttle vector was transferred to lactobacillus reuteri kctc 3679 and the transformant presented bacteriocin activity. the recombinant l. reuteri kctc 3679 transformed with the shortened plr5cat(s)_psab, where non-essential region for the l ...201020798585
inhibitory effect of the essential oil from chamaecyparis obtusa on the growth of food-borne pathogens.in this study, the antibacterial activity of essential oil from chamaecyparis obtusa (sieb. et zucc) leaves and twigs was investigated. the test strains were klebsiella pneumoniae, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, legionella pneumophila, and methicilline-resistant staphylococcus aureus. antibacterial activity was estimated by measuring bacterial growth inhibition. histopathological examination was also performed. c. obtusa oil distinctly in ...201020799092
inactivation of several strains of listeria monocytogenes attached to the surface of packaging material by na-chlorophyllin-based photosensitization.this study was focused on the possibility to inactivate thermosensitive listeria monocytogenes atc(l3)c 7644 and thermoresistant 56 ly strain by na-chlorophyllin (na-chl)-based photosensitization in vitro and on the surface of packaging. comparative analysis of antimicrobial efficiency of photosensitization with conventional surface cleaning was performed. data indicate that both listeria strains, after incubation with na-chl and following illumination (λ=400nm, 20mwcm(-2)), were inactivated by ...201020801669
diversity and abundance of zoonotic pathogens and indicators in manures of feedlot cattle in australia.the occurrence of 10 pathogens and three fecal indicators was assessed by quantitative pcr in manures of australian feedlot cattle. most samples tested positive for one or more pathogens. for the dominant pathogens campylobacter jejuni, listeria monocytogenes, giardia spp., cryptosporidium spp., and eaea-positive escherichia coli, 10² to 10⁷ genome copies g⁻¹ (dry weight) manure were recovered.201020802080
antimicrobial resistance and investigation of the molecular epidemiology of listeria monocytogenes in dairy products.listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous microorganism in nature and is responsible for listeriosis, an infectious disease caused by consumption of contaminated food.201020802935
monoclonal antibodies against stx1b subunit of escherichia coli o157:h7 distinguish the bacterium from other bacteria.the shiga-like toxins (stx) are critical virulence factors of enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec). stx1b subunit plays important roles in ehec infection. this work aims to generate and characterize monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the stx1b and to investigate their utility in discrimination elisa.201020854398
potent antilisterial cell-free supernatants produced by complex red-smear cheese microbial consortia.the microbial surface ripening consortia of 49 soft cheeses were investigated with respect to their inhibition of listeria monocytogenes. when l. monocytogenes egde (serovar 1/2a) was cultivated in cell-free supernatants obtained from consortia grown for 8 h in liquid medium, a strong bactericidal activity was observed in several cases. the cell-free supernatants of 2 of these consortia (i and ii) reduced an initial l. monocytogenes inoculum of 5 × 10(7) cfu/ml to zero after 24 h of incubation. ...201020854983
bactericidal activity of lauric arginate in milk and queso fresco cheese against listeria monocytogenes cold growth.lauric arginate (lae) at concentrations of 200 ppm and 800 ppm was evaluated for its effectiveness in reducing cold growth of listeria monocytogenes in whole milk, skim milk, and queso fresco cheese (qfc) at 4°c for 15 to 28 d. use of 200 ppm of lae reduced 4 log cfu/ml of l. monocytogenes to a nondetectable level within 30 min at 4°c in tryptic soy broth. in contrast, when 4 log cfu/ml of l. monocytogenes was inoculated in whole milk or skim milk, the reduction of l. monocytogenes was approxima ...201020854985
the listeria monocytogenes inlc protein interferes with innate immune responses by targeting the i{kappa}b kinase subunit ikk{alpha}.listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular pathogen responsible for severe foodborne infections. it can replicate in both phagocytic and nonphagocytic mammalian cells. the infectious process at the cellular level has been studied extensively, but how the bacterium overcomes early host innate immune responses remains largely unknown. here we show that inlc, a member of the internalin family, is secreted intracellularly and directly interacts with ikkα, a subunit of the iκb kinase complex critical ...201020855622
effect of a novel dna vaccine on angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo.to develop a dna cancer vaccine that targets the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.201020855677
visualization of gold and platinum nanoparticles interacting with salmonella enteritidis and listeria monocytogenes.rapid development of nanotechnology has recently brought significant attention to the extraordinary biological features of nanomaterials. the objective of the present investigation was to evaluate morphological characteristics of the assembles of gold and platinum nanoparticles (nano-au and nano-pt respectively), with salmonella enteritidis (gram-negative) and listeria monocytogenes (gram-positive), to reveal possibilities of constructing bacteria-nanoparticle vehicles.201020856838
demonstration of the effective performance of a combined enrichment/real-time pcr method targeting the prfa gene of listeria monocytogenes by testing fresh naturally contaminated acid curd cheese.a rapid real-time pcr-based method for the detection of listeria monocytogenes was applied to the examination of 44 quargel cheese samples from a recent outbreak in austria and compared to the standard method according to iso-16140.201020860085
tetrabutylammonium phosphate-assisted separation of multiplex polymerase chain reaction products in non-gel sieving capillary electrophoresis.a method based on non-gel sieving capillary electrophoresis (ngs-ce) with ultraviolet (uv) detection has been developed for the separation of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products of three pathogenic bacteria in which hydroxypropylmethylcellulose was used as the sieving medium and dynamic capillary coating. in the method, an ion pair reagent, tetrabutylammonium phosphate (tbap), was first used in ngs-ce to improve the detection sensitivities and resolutions of dna fragments. the int ...201020868644
antibacterial activity of class i and iia bacteriocins combined with polymyxin e against resistant variants of listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli.development of resistance could render antimicrobial peptides ineffective as bio-preservatives in food. variants resistant to nisin a or pediocin pa-1 were developed from listeria monocytogenes and a variant resistant to polymyxin e was developed from escherichia coli rr1. inhibition of these organisms by these agents alone or in combination was assessed using critical dilution microassay and optical density measurement. the combination of pediocin or nisin with polymyxin e was synergistic again ...201020868743
characterization of phenolic content, in vitro biological activity, and pesticide loads of extracts from white grape skins from organic and conventional cultivars.grape skin extracts of riesling vitis vinifera l. grapes from conventionally or organically managed cultivars were compared on the basis of their phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial and antimutagenic properties and pesticide loads. promising results on their biological properties suggest that those extracts would be valuable as food preservatives. the antioxidant capacity of conventional extracts was significantly higher, according to the higher content in catechin, epicatechin ...201020870004
an extracellular loop of the mannose phosphotransferase system component iic is responsible for specific targeting by class iia bacteriocins.class iia bacteriocins target a phylogenetically defined subgroup of mannose-phosphotransferase systems (man-pts) on sensitive cells. by the use of man-pts genes of the sensitive listeria monocytogenes (mpt) and the nonsensitive lactococcus lactis (ptn) species to rationally design a series of man-pts chimeras and site-directed mutations, we identified an extracellular loop of the membrane-located protein mptc that was responsible for specific target recognition by the class iia bacteriocins.201020870773
variations in the nanomechanical properties of virulent and avirulent listeria monocytogenes.atomic force microscopy (afm) was used to quantify both the nanomechanical properties of pathogenic (atcc 51776 & egde) and non-pathogenic (atcc 15313 & hcc25) listeria monocytogenes strains and the conformational properties of their surface biopolymers. the nanomechanical properties of the various l. monocytogenes strains were quantified in terms of young's moduli of cells. to estimate young's moduli, the classic hertz model of contact mechanics and a modified version of it that takes into acco ...201020871743
angelica sinensis modulates immunohematopoietic response and increases survival of mice infected with listeria monocytogenes.the effects of a dry extract of the roots of angelica sinensis (oliv.) diels (ase) on the growth and differentiation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (cfu-gm) in normal and listeria monocytogenes-infected mice were studied. myelosuppression concomitant with increased numbers of spleen cfu-gm was observed in infected mice. prophylactic administration of ase (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg) stimulated marrow myelopoiesis in a dose-dependent manner and reduced spleen colony formation to control val ...201020874242
alternative endogenous protein processing via an autophagy-dependent pathway compensates for yersinia-mediated inhibition of endosomal major histocompatibility complex class ii antigen presentation.extracellular yersinia pseudotuberculosis employs a type iii secretion system (t3ss) for translocating virulence factors (yersinia outer proteins [yops]) directly into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. recently, we used yope as a carrier molecule for t3ss-dependent secretion and translocation of listeriolysin o (llo) from listeria monocytogenes. we demonstrated that translocation of chimeric yope/llo into the cytosol of macrophages by yersinia results in the induction of a codominant antigen-spec ...201020876292
listeria monocytogenes uses listeria adhesion protein (lap) to promote bacterial transepithelial translocation and induces expression of lap receptor hsp60.listeria monocytogenes interaction with the intestinal epithelium is a key step in the infection process. we demonstrated that listeria adhesion protein (lap) promotes adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells and facilitates extraintestinal dissemination in vivo. the lap receptor is a stress response protein, hsp60, but the precise role for the lap-hsp60 interaction during listeria infection is unknown. here we investigated the influence of physiological stressors and listeria infection on host h ...201020876294
differentiation of propeptide residues regulating the compartmentalization, maturation and activity of the broad-range phospholipase c of listeria monocytogenes.the intracellular bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes secretes a broad-range phospholipase c enzyme called pc-plc (phosphatidylcholine phospholipase c) whose compartmentalization and enzymatic activity is regulated by a 24-amino-acid propeptide (cys28-ser51). during intracytosolic multiplication, bacteria accumulate the proform of pc-plc at their membrane-cell-wall interface, whereas during cell-to-cell spread vacuolar acidification leads to maturation and rapid translocation of pc-plc acr ...201020879990
a tandem repeat of a fragment of listeria monocytogenes internalin b protein induces cell survival and proliferation.hepatocyte growth factor (hgf) is critical for tissue homeostasis and repair in many organs including the lung, heart, kidney, liver, nervous system, and skin. hgf is a heterodimeric protein containing 20 disulfide bonds distributed among an amino-terminal hairpin, four kringle domains, and a serine protease-like domain. due to its complex structure, recombinant production of hgf in prokaryotes requires denaturation and refolding, processes that are impractical for large-scale manufacture. thus, ...201020889677
importance of sigb for listeria monocytogenes static and continuous-flow biofilm formation and disinfectant resistance.listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen that is able to form biofilms in food processing facilities. biofilms are generally more resistant to antimicrobial agents, making it difficult to eradicate them during cleanup procedures. so far, little is known about the function of stress resistance mechanisms in biofilm formation and their resistance to disinfectants. in this study, we investigated the role of sigb, which encodes a major transcriptional regulator of stress response genes, in l. ...201020889779
inactivation and recovery of listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica and staphylococcus aureus after high hydrostatic pressure treatments up to 900 mpa.high hydrostatic pressure (hp) processing is used in the food industry to enhance the safety and extend the shelf-life of food. although a drastic decrease in microbial viability is achieved immediately after the application of hp treatments, under favorable conditions the injured bacteria can recover. the present study evaluated the inactivation and recovery of five strains of listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica and staphylococcus aureus subjected to pressures of 400, 600, and 900 mpa u ...201020890844
multi-species integrative biclustering.we describe an algorithm, multi-species cmonkey, for the simultaneous biclustering of heterogeneous multiple-species data collections and apply the algorithm to a group of bacteria containing bacillus subtilis, bacillus anthracis, and listeria monocytogenes. the algorithm reveals evolutionary insights into the surprisingly high degree of conservation of regulatory modules across these three species and allows data and insights from well-studied organisms to complement the analysis of related but ...201020920250
non-coding rna detection methods combined to improve usability, reproducibility and precision.non-coding rnas gain more attention as their diverse roles in many cellular processes are discovered. at the same time, the need for efficient computational prediction of ncrnas increases with the pace of sequencing technology. existing tools are based on various approaches and techniques, but none of them provides a reliable ncrna detector yet. consequently, a natural approach is to combine existing tools. due to a lack of standard input and output formats combination and comparison of existing ...201020920260
listeria monocytogenes: knowledge gained through dna sequence-based subtyping, implications, and future considerations.the purpose of subtyping is to differentiate bacterial isolates beyond the classification of species or subspecies. subtyping methods can be grouped into two broad categories based on the cellular components targeted: (1) phenotypic subtyping methods that differentiate isolates by the enzymes, proteins, or other metabolites expressed by the cell, and (2) molecular subtyping methods that discriminate isolates based on interrogation of nucleic acid sequences. the two major types of molecular subty ...201020922962
antimicrobial properties of volatile phenylpropanes.the examination of antimicrobial structure-activity relationships of 93 volatile phenylpropanes (vps) and 21 related aromatic compounds revealed a dependence of antimicrobial activity from the kind and number of substituents on the aromatic ring, their substitution pattern and microbial characteristics, such as gram coloring and strain specific factors. eugenol isomers were predominantly inhibitory in a concentration range from 25 to 2000 mg/l against all microorganisms tested, which were three ...201020922996
the beta-human chorionic gonadotropin-related peptide lqgv exerts anti-inflammatory effects through activation of the adrenal gland and glucocorticoid receptor in c57bl/6 mice.the systemic inflammatory response syndrome is a complex host response to a variety of clinical insults, generally leading to severe pathology. the human chorionic gonadotropin β-chain-related tetrapeptide leucine-glutamine-glycine-valine (lqgv) reduces hemorrhagic and lps-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome, but its mechanisms of action are not yet fully understood. through the combination of in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo approaches, we demonstrate that lqgv actively stimulates cor ...201020926791
stability of the regulatory t cell lineage in vivo.tissue maintenance and homeostasis can be achieved through the replacement of dying cells by differentiating precursors or self-renewal of terminally differentiated cells or relies heavily on cellular longevity in poorly regenerating tissues. regulatory t cells (t(reg) cells) represent an actively dividing cell population with critical function in suppression of lethal immune-mediated inflammation. the plasticity of t(reg) cells has been actively debated because it could factor importantly in pr ...201020929851
Refresh
firstprev
...111112113114115116117118119120...
nextlast
Displaying items 11801 - 11900 of 16792