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delineation of b-cell epitopes of salmonella enterica serovar typhi hemolysin e: potential antibody therapeutic target.hemolysin e (hlye) is an immunogenic novel pore-forming toxin involved in the pathogenesis of typhoid fever. thus, mapping of b-cell epitopes of salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) is critical to identify key immunogenic regions of hlye. a random 20-mer peptide library was used for biopanning with enriched anti-hlye polyclonal antibodies from typhoid patient sera. bioinformatic tools were used to refine, analyze and map the enriched peptide sequences against the protein to identify the ...201728526816
effect of chemical denaturants on the conformational stability of gyrb subunit of dna gyrase from salmonella enterica serovar typhi.dna gyrase, a type ii topoisomerase maintains the topology of dna by introducing negative supercoils using energy generated by atp hydrolysis. it is composed of two subunits, gyra and gyrb (gyra2gyrb2 hetero-tetramer). gyrb comprises two domains, a 43kda amino n-terminus (gbntd) and 47kda carboxyl c- terminus (gbctd). till now no study has been reported in terms of stability of gyrase b and its domains using chemical denaturants related to its function. to understand the role of each domain in g ...201728499947
a novel approach for construction of an inactivated typhoid vaccine candidate that effectively augments both humoral and cellular immune responses.salmonella enterica serovar typhi ghost was constructed as a vaccine candidate against typhoid fever. an asd(+) plasmid pjhl187 harboring a ghost cassette comprised of phix 174 e lysis gene stringently controlled under the convergent promotor components and was transformed into the asd gene-deleted mutant s. typhi ty21a strain (stg). twenty female balb/c mice randomly assigned into two groups were subcutaneously vaccinated at 5weeks of age to assess immunogenic characteristics of the constructed ...201728495314
waning immunity and microbial vaccines-workshop of the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases.since the middle of the 20th century, vaccines have made a significant public health impact by controlling infectious diseases globally. although long-term protection has been achieved with some vaccines, immunity wanes over time with others, resulting in outbreaks or epidemics of infectious diseases. long-term protection against infectious agents that have a complex life cycle and antigenic variation remains a key challenge. novel strategies to characterize the short- and long-term immune respo ...201728490424
vi capsular polysaccharide produced by recombinant salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a confers immunoprotection against infection by salmonella enterica serovar typhi.enteric fever is predominantly caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhi and salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a, and accounts for an annual global incidence of 26.9 millions. in recent years, the rate of s. paratyphi a infection has progressively increased. currently licensed vaccines for typhoid fever, live ty21a vaccine, vi subunit vaccine, and vi-conjugate vaccine, confer inadequate cross immunoprotection against enteric fever caused by s. paratyphi a. therefore, development of bivalen ...201728484685
biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using myristica fragrans seed (nutmeg) extract and its antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates.biosynthesis of nanoparticles has received increasing attention due its effective mode of action, eco-friendly preparation methodology, and less cytotoxicity. in the present study, silver nanoparticles (agnps) from aqueous seed extract of myristica fragrans (nutmeg) were characterized. gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) analysis revealed the presence of bioactive components acts as effective in reducing and capping agents for converting agno3 to agnps. the uv-vis absorption spectrum of ...201728470497
simultaneous molecular detection of salmonella enterica serovars typhi, enteritidis, infantis, and typhimurium.salmonella enterica serovar typhi, as causative agent of typhoid fever, is one of the most important endemic pathogens. non-typhoidal salmonella serovars, including typhimurium, infantis, and enteritidis are amongst the most prevalent serotypes worldwide and in developing areas such as iran. the aim of this study was to apply a uniplex pcr for rapid detection of salmonella spp., and a multiplex pcr for the simultaneous detection of the four most common salmonella serovars in iran.201728451535
enteric fever in children in western sydney, australia, 2003-2015.enteric fever is a vaccine-preventable disease with cases in australia predominantly acquired overseas. the aim of this study was to define the burden of enteric fever in children presenting to a pediatric hospital in western sydney between 2003 and 2015.201728445250
rhabdomyolysis complicating typhoid fever in a child and review of the literature.typhoid fever is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world, particularly in children, but is infrequently observed in the developed world and can occur in patients without a significant travel history. rhabdomyolysis as a complication has rarely been reported, and never in a child. a child with salmonella enterica serovar typhi septicemia, complicated by rhabdomyolysis, encephalopathy and pancreatitis is described and all 15 reported cases to date are summarized.201728430751
challenge of humans with wild-type salmonella enterica serovar typhi elicits changes in the activation and homing characteristics of mucosal-associated invariant t cells.gastrointestinal infections by salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) are rare in industrialized countries. however, they remain a major public health problem in the developing world with an estimated 26.9 million new cases annually and significant mortality when untreated. recently, we provided the first direct evidence that cd8(+) mait cells are activated and have the potential to kill cells exposed to s. typhi, and that these responses are dependent on bacterial load. however, mait cell ...201728428786
antibacterial effects of lactobacillus isolates of curd and human milk origin against food-borne and human pathogens.this study was undertaken to assess the antibacterial efficacy of lactobacilli isolated from curd and human milk samples. identities of thirty-one different lactobacilli (20 from curd and 11 from human milk) were confirmed by genus-specific pcr and 16s rrna-based sequencing. these strains belonged to five species, lactobacillus casei, l. delbrueckii, l. fermentum, l. plantarum, and l. pentosus. antibacterial activities of cell-free supernatants (cfss) of all the lactobacillus isolates were estim ...201728401466
effect of chitosan physical form on its antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria.the antibacterial activity of chitosan (cs) nanospheres, in comparison with other physical forms, was investigated against salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and staphylococcus aureus, which are 2 foodborne harmful pathogens. results showed that the antibacterial efficacy of cs nanospheres: (1) was superior to that displayed by cs in powder and solution form; (2) was higher against s. aureus than against salmonella typhimurium; and (3) was dependent on the temperature and ph of the medium d ...201728140469
determination of o:4 antigen-antibody affinity level in o:5 antigen positive and negative variants of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) has two serological variants, one that expresses the o:5 antigen (1,4,5,12:i:1,2), and one that lacks o:5 antigen (1,4,12:i:1,2). for serotyping, s. typhimurium is agglutinated by diagnostic o:4 antigen serum. this study was carried out to compare the antigen-antibody affinity of o:4 antigen in s. typhimurium χ3306 o:5-positive and s. typhimurium χ3306 o:5-negative strains. the affinity of o:4 antigen with o:4 antigen serum was found to be ...201728369258
allograft inflammatory factor 1 is a regulator of transcytosis in m cells.m cells in follicle-associated epithelium (fae) are specialized antigen-sampling cells that take up intestinal luminal antigens. transcription factor spi-b regulates m-cell maturation, but the molecules that promote transcytosis within m cells are not fully identified. here we show that mouse allograft inflammatory factor 1 (aif1) is expressed by m cells and contributes to m-cell transcytosis. fae in aif1(-/-) mice has suppressed uptake of particles and commensal bacteria, compared with wild-typ ...201728224999
draft genome sequences of two strains of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium displaying different virulence in an experimental chicken model.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains 22495 and 22792, obtained from wild birds, were found to display different virulence attributes in an experimental chicken model. closed genome sequences were assembled after sequencing with the roche 454 and illumina miseq platforms. an additional plasmid was present in the more virulent strain 22495.201728183752
impact of acanthamoeba cysts on stress resistance of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, yersinia enterocolitica 4/o:3, listeria monocytogenes 1/2a, and escherichia coli o:26.the formation of robust resting cysts enables acanthamoeba to resist harsh environmental conditions. this study investigated to what extent these cysts are resistant to physical and chemical stresses as applied in food industry cleaning and disinfection procedures. moreover, it was assessed whether certain intracystic meat-borne bacterial pathogens are more stress resistant than free-living bacterial monocultures and if intracystic passage and subsequent association with trophozoites induces cro ...201728526786
sequence-based identification of inositol monophosphatase-like histidinol-phosphate phosphatases (hisn) in corynebacterium glutamicum, actinobacteria, and beyond.the eighth step of l-histidine biosynthesis is carried out by an enzyme called histidinol-phosphate phosphatase (holpase). three unrelated holpase families are known so far. two of them are well studied: had-type holpases known from gammaproteobacteria like escherichia coli or salmonella enterica and php-type holpases known from yeast and firmicutes like bacillus subtilis. however, the third family of holpases, the inositol monophosphatase (impase)-like holpases, present in actinobacteria like c ...201728720084
metabolic fingerprinting of bacteria by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.bacterial populations exhibit a range of metabolic states influenced by their environment, intra- and interspecies interactions. the identification of bacterial metabolic states and transitions between them in their native environment promises to elucidate community behavior and stochastic processes, such as antibiotic resistance acquisition. in this work, we employ two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (flim) to create a metabolic fingerprint of individual bacteria and populations ...201728623341
evaluation of phenolic profile and antibacterial bioactivities of nigella sativa l. seed extracts.black cumin (nigella sativa l. [n. sativa]) seed extracts demonstrated numerous beneficial biological effects including, among others, antidiabetic, anticancer, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and antioxidant activity. to better understand the phytochemical composition of n. sativa seeds, methanol seed extracts were analyzed for phenolic acid and flavonoid content. furthermore, we tested n. sativa methanol, n-hexane, and aqueous seed extracts for their inhib ...201728590231
regulation of escherichia coli pathogenesis by alternative sigma factor n.σ(n) (also σ(54)) is an alternative sigma factor subunit of the rna polymerase complex that regulates the expression of genes from many different ontological groups. it is broadly conserved in the eubacteria with major roles in nitrogen metabolism, membrane biogenesis, and motility. σ(n) is encoded as the first gene of a five-gene operon including rpon (σ(n)), ptsn, hpf, rapz, and npr that has been genetically retained among species of escherichia, shigella, and salmonella. in an increasing numb ...201728635589
insights into pg-binding, conformational change, and dimerization of the ompa c-terminal domains from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and borrelia burgdorferi.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium can induce both humoral and cell-mediated responses when establishing itself in the host. these responses are primarily stimulated against the lipopolysaccharide and major outer membrane (om) proteins. ompa is one of these major om proteins. it comprises a n-terminal eight-stranded β-barrel transmembrane domain and a c-terminal domain (ompa(ctd) ). the ompa(ctd) and its homologs are believed to bind to peptidoglycan (pg) within the periplasm, maintaining b ...201728580643
toxicity of coal fly ash (cfa) and toxicological response of switchgrass in mycorrhiza-mediated cfa-soil admixtures.increasing support for the use of coal fly ash (cfa) in agriculture has necessitated a better understanding of the effects of the cfa in various cropping schemes. experiments were conducted to assess mutagenic response of a mutant strain of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (ta100) to varying concentrations of cfa-water extracts, determine oxidative stress in switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) at varying levels of cfa-soil admixtures, and evaluate mycorrhiza-mediated modulation of oxidative ...201728666217
influence of static magnetic field exposure on fatty acid composition in salmonella hadar.we have been interested, in this work, to investigate the effect of the exposure to static magnetic field at 200 mt (smf) on the fatty acid (fa) composition of salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar hadar isolate 287: effects on the proportion of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (sfas, ufas), cyclopropane fatty acids (cfas) and hydroxy fatty acids after exposure to the static magnetic field at 200 mt (smf). analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) of total lipid showed ...201728455137
inactivation of nonpathogenic escherichia coli, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes in ice using a uvc light-emitting diode.ice, widely used in the food industry, is a potential cause of food poisoning resulting from microbial contamination. direct microbial inactivation of ice is necessary because microorganisms may have been present in the source water used to make it and/or may have been introduced due to poor hygiene during production or handling of the ice. nonthermal and nondestructive microbial inactivation technologies are needed to control microorganisms in ice. we evaluated the applicability of a uvc light- ...201728621585
evaluation of different solvents to extract antibacterial compounds from jalapeño peppers.chili peppers (capsicum spp.) may possess antibacterial properties and have potential to be used in foods as antimicrobial. the complete chili pepper extract should be evaluated to determine which compounds are responsible for the antimicrobial activity. extraction of compounds from the pepper is completed using a solvent. the type of solvent used for extraction influences which compounds are isolated, therefore the best extraction method needs to be determined. the purpose of this study was to ...201728572934
investigation of optimum ohmic heating conditions for inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes in apple juice.control of foodborne pathogens is an important issue for the fruit juice industry and ohmic heating treatment has been considered as one of the promising antimicrobial interventions. however, to date, evaluation of the relationship between inactivation of foodborne pathogens and system performance efficiency based on differing soluble solids content of apple juice during ohmic heating treatment has not been well studied. this study aims to investigate effective voltage gradients of an ohmic heat ...201728525985
development of a gold nanoparticle-based universal oligonucleotide microarray for multiplex and low-cost detection of foodborne pathogens.bacterial foodborne diseases remain major threats to food safety and public health, especially in developing countries. in this study a novel assay, combining gold nanoparticle (gnp)-based multiplex oligonucleotide ligation-pcr and universal oligonucleotide microarray technology, was developed for inexpensive, specific, sensitive, and multiplex detection of eight common foodborne pathogens, including shigella spp., campylobacter jejuni, bacillus cereus, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocyt ...201728505584
potential of cinnamon oil emulsions as alternative washing solutions of carrots.the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of cinnamon oil emulsions as alternative washing solutions to improve the microbial safety of carrots. whey protein concentrate (wpc), gum arabic (ga), lecithin, and their combinations were used to prepare cinnamon oil emulsions. the emulsions were characterized for their hydrodynamic diameter (dh) during 7 days of storage and their antimicrobial activity against cocktails of salmonella enterica , escherichia coli o157:h7, and listeria mo ...201728467186
antimicrobial efficacy of cinnamaldehyde against escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica in carrot juice and mixed berry juice held at 4°c and 12°c.the effectiveness of cinnamaldehyde for inactivating salmonella enterica and escherichia coli o157:h7 in carrot juice (crj) and mixed berry juice (mbj) was investigated. brain heart infusion broth (bhi), crj, and mbj, with concentrations of added cinnamaldehyde ranging from 0.15 to 1.5 μl/ml, 0.25 to 2.0 μl/ml, and 0.25 to 1.5 μl/ml, respectively, were each inoculated with a 5-strain mixture of salmonella enterica or escherichia coli o157:h7 to give an initial viable count of 5.07 log10 colony-f ...201728398867
salmonella and the inflammasome: battle for intracellular dominance.inflammasomes are macromolecular cytoplasmic complexes that act as signaling platforms for the activation of inflammatory caspases. their activation triggers the processing and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines il-1β and il-18, as well as the induction of a specialized form of inflammatory cell death termed pyroptosis. here, we review the mechanisms of inflammasome activation triggered by the intracellular pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. we highlight the different inf ...201727460804
bacteria and genetically modified bacteria as cancer therapeutics: current advances and challenges.bacteria act as pro- or anti- tumorigenic agents. whole bacteria or cytotoxic or immunogenic peptides carried by them exert potent anti-tumor effects in the experimental models of cancer. the use of attenuated microorganism(s) e.g., bcg to treat human urinary bladder cancer was found to be superior compared to standard chemotherapy. although the phase-i clinical trials with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, has shown limited benefits in human subjects, a recent pre-clinical trial in pet d ...201726778055
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