Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| in-use evaluation of peracetic acid for high-level disinfection of endoscopes. | many high-level disinfectants have been used for disinfection of endoscopes such as 2% glutaraldehyde (ga), 0.55% ortho-phthalaldehyde (opa), and peracetic acid (paa). both ga and opa are widely used in disinfection of endoscopes and have been previously discussed, but there is little research on the practical use of paa as an endoscope disinfectant. an experimental model of a flexible gastrointestinal endoscope being contaminated with 9 strains of microorganism was designed. after the cleaning ... | 2017 | 27070796 |
| antibiotic prophylaxis for subdural and subgaleal drains. | objective the authors sought to determine the effects of eliminating the use of prolonged prophylactic systemic antibiotics (ppsas) in patients with subdural and subgaleal drains. methods using a retrospective database, the authors collected data for patients over the age of 17 years who had undergone cranial surgery at their institution between december 2013 and july 2014 (ppsas period) or between december 2014 and july 2015 (non-ppsas period) and had subdural or subgaleal drains left in place ... | 2017 | 27257843 |
| chlorhexidine bathing effects on health-care-associated infections. | health-care-associated infections (hais), infections that patients contract during the course of their hospitalization, are receiving a growing amount of attention. heavy skin bacterial colonization aids in the transmission and development of hais. nurses frequently use bathing with chlorhexidine gluconate (chg) to reduce patients' cutaneous microbial burden. this intervention has been shown to have promising but mixed results in the prevention of hais. | 2017 | 27306279 |
| incidence and outcome of clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease in the uk. | previous studies have reported that clostridium difficile infection [cdi] is more common, and has a worse outcome, in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [ibd] than in those without. we have now reassessed the incidence and outcome of cdi in in-patients with and without ibd, and the outcomes of admissions for ibd patients with and without cdi. | 2017 | 27302972 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of clostridium difficile isolates from family dairy farms. | a significant risk factor for developing clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in humans and animals is associated with the antimicrobial use. it has often been hypothesized that farm animals could be the source for human infection with clostridium difficile (cd). in the european union, family-run dairy farms are the predominant farming model, which are more interlinked within the community compared to large-scale intensive dairy or beef farms. therefore, it is important to investigate antimicro ... | 2017 | 27484050 |
| identification of signet ring cell change in colonic subserosa in the setting of clostridium difficile colitis. | signet ring cell change of intestinal epithelial cells is a rare but well-known mimicker of signet ring cell carcinoma and is often associated with ischemic and/or pseudomembranous colitis. instead, signet ring cell change involving nonepithelial cells in the subserosa of the intestine is an extremely rare finding with only a single case report in the literature to date. we report a new case of benign signet ring cell change localized in the subserosa of the large bowel incidentally identified i ... | 2017 | 27562801 |
| characteristics of the clostridium difficile cell envelope and its importance in therapeutics. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a challenging threat to human health. infections occur after disruption of the normal microbiota, most commonly through the use of antibiotics. current treatment for cdi largely relies on the broad-spectrum antibiotics vancomycin and metronidazole that further disrupt the microbiota resulting in frequent recurrence, highlighting the need for c. difficile-specific antimicrobials. the cell surface of c. difficile represents a promising target for the develo ... | 2017 | 27311697 |
| fecal transplantation - the new, inexpensive, safe, and rapidly effective approach in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract diseases. | introduction. fecal transplantation was shown to effectively reduce the reoccurrence in patients with refractory clostridium difficile infection. new data suggest that fecal transplantation could also be efficient in other gastrointestinal diseases, for instance in inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, but, there are also some data that could imply the efficacy outside the gastrointestinal tract. fecal transplantation should be considered a unique agent, capable of treating sever ... | 2017 | 27453747 |
| antibiotic-induced alterations of the gut microbiota alter secondary bile acid production and allow for clostridium difficile spore germination and outgrowth in the large intestine. | it is hypothesized that the depletion of microbial members responsible for converting primary bile acids into secondary bile acids reduces resistance to clostridium difficile colonization. to date, inhibition of c. difficile growth by secondary bile acids has only been shown in vitro. using targeted bile acid metabolomics, we sought to define the physiologically relevant concentrations of primary and secondary bile acids present in the murine small and large intestinal tracts and how these impac ... | 2017 | 27239562 |
| clostridium difficile in libya: a neglected pathogen? | 2017 | 27290694 | |
| procalcitonin-guided antibiotic treatment in critically ill patients. | in critically ill patients, length of antibiotic treatment can be effectively guided by procalcitonin (pct) protocols. international sepsis guidelines and guidelines on antibiotic stewardship strategies recommend pct as helpful laboratory marker for a rational use of antibiotics. a number of studies and meta-analyses have confirmed the effectiveness of pct-protocols for shortening antibiotic treatment without compromising clinical outcome in critically ill patients. but in clinical practice, the ... | 2017 | 27283067 |
| clostridium difficile infection: a review of current and emerging therapies. | clostridium difficile (c. difficile) infection (cdi) is the most common cause of -healthcare-associated infections in us hospitals. the epidemic strain nap1/bi/ribotype 027 accounts for outbreaks worldwide, with increasing mortality and severity. cdi is acquired from an endogenous source or from spores in the environment, most easily acquired during the hospital stay. the use of antimicrobials disrupts the intestinal microflora enabling c. difficile to proliferate in the colon and produce toxins ... | 2017 | 27065726 |
| anaerobes as sources of bioactive compounds and health promoting tools. | aerobic microorganisms have been sources of medicinal agents for several decades and an impressive variety of drugs have been isolated from their cultures, studied and formulated to treat or prevent diseases. on the other hand, anaerobes, which are believed to be the oldest life forms on earth and evolved remarkably diverse physiological functions, have largely been neglected as sources of bioactive compounds. however, results obtained from the limited research done so far show that anaerobes ar ... | 2017 | 27432247 |
| treatment of clostridium difficile infections. | 2017 | 26960574 | |
| isolation of recombinant antibodies directed against surface proteins of clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile has emerged as an increasingly important nosocomial pathogen and the prime causative agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and pseudomembranous colitis in humans. in addition to toxins a and b, immunological studies using antisera from patients infected with c. difficile have shown that a number of other bacterial factors contribute to the pathogenesis, including surface proteins, which are responsible for adhesion, motility and other interactions with the human host. in ... | 2017 | 26991284 |
| evaluation of two raw diets vs a commercial cooked diet on feline growth. | objectives the objective of this study was to determine if two raw feline diets were nutritionally adequate for kittens. methods twenty-four 9-week-old kittens underwent an association of american feed control officials' (aafco) 10 week growth feeding trial with two raw diet groups and one cooked diet group (eight kittens in each). morphometric measurements (weight, height and length), complete blood counts, serum chemistry, whole blood taurine and fecal cultures were evaluated. results overall, ... | 2017 | 26927818 |
| [bezlotoxumab for the secondary prevention of clostridium difficile infection : modify i and modify ii studies]. | 2017 | 28470456 | |
| proton pump inhibitors and clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28469228 | |
| a combination of the probiotic and prebiotic product can prevent the germination of clostridium difficile spores and infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is one of the most prevalent healthcare associated infections in hospitals and nursing homes. different approaches are used for prevention of cdi. absence of intestinal lactobacilli and bifidobacteria has been associated with c. difficile colonization in hospitalized patients. our aim was to test a) the susceptibility of c. difficile strains of different origin and the intestinal probiotic lactobacillus plantarum inducia (dsm 21379) to various antimicrobial ... | 2017 | 28465256 |
| the emergence of clostridium difficile infection in asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence and impact. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the most common healthcare associated infection and is highly prevalent in europe and north america. limited data is available on the prevalence of cdi in asia. however, secular increases in prevalence of risk factors for cdi suggest that it may be emerging as a major cause of morbidity, highlighting the urgent need for a systematic study of the prevalence of cdi in asia. | 2017 | 28463987 |
| a multicenter randomized trial to determine the effect of an environmental disinfection intervention on the incidence of healthcare-associated clostridium difficile infection. | objective to determine the impact of an environmental disinfection intervention on the incidence of healthcare-associated clostridium difficile infection (cdi). design a multicenter randomized trial. setting in total,16 acute-care hospitals in northeastern ohio participated in the study. intervention we conducted a 12-month randomized trial to compare standard cleaning to enhanced cleaning that included monitoring of environmental services (evs) personnel performance with feedback to evs and inf ... | 2017 | 28462761 |
| second generation cephalosporin antibiotic prophylaxis and clostridium difficile infection in hip and knee arthroplasty. | introduction the use of broad spectrum cephalosporin antibiotics has been discouraged by the department of health in england because of the link to increased clostridium difficile infection rates. the aim of this study was to evaluate whether a local protocol that included the use of second generation cephalosporin (cefuroxime) antibiotics as a prophylactic agent was associated with increased risk of c difficile in elective hip and knee arthroplasty patients. methods a retrospective intention-to ... | 2017 | 28462657 |
| expanding the armamentarium for the treatment of clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28461208 | |
| efficacy and safety of ridinilazole compared with vancomycin for the treatment of clostridium difficile infection: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, non-inferiority study. | clostridium difficile infection is the most common health-care-associated infection in the usa. we assessed the safety and efficacy of ridinilazole versus vancomycin for treatment of c difficile infection. | 2017 | 28461207 |
| probiotics for prevention of clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized patients: is the jury still out? | 2017 | 28461190 | |
| withholding pantoprazole for stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients: a pilot randomized clinical trial and meta-analysis. | a decreased frequency of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and a possible association of proton pump inhibitor use with clostridium difficile and ventilator-associated pneumonia have raised concerns recently. the reevaluating the inhibition of stress erosions pilot trial determined the feasibility of undertaking a larger trial investigating the efficacy and safety of withholding proton pump inhibitors in critically ill patients. | 2017 | 28459708 |
| effect of liberal blood transfusion on clinical outcomes and cost in spine surgery patients. | blood transfusions in spine surgery are shown to be associated with increased patient morbidity. the association between transfusion performed using a liberal hemoglobin (hb) trigger-defined as an intraoperative hb level of ≥10 g/dl, a postoperative level of ≥8 g/dl, or a whole hospital nadir between 8 and 10 g/dl-and perioperative morbidity and cost in spine surgery patients is unknown and thus was investigated in this study. | 2017 | 28458067 |
| clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile infections (cdis) have emerged as one of the principal threats to the health of hospitalized and immunocompromised patients. the importance of c difficile colonization is increasingly recognized not only as a source for false-positive clinical testing but also as a source of new infections within hospitals and other health care environments. in the last five years, several new treatment strategies that capitalize on the increasing understanding of the altered microbiome and ... | 2017 | 28457354 |
| comparison of the rates of clostridium difficile and bacteremia after delaying fluoroquinolone prophylaxis from day 0 to day +3 post autologous stem cell transplantation. | prophylactic fluoroquinolones are routinely administered after stem cell transplantation (sct) to prevent bacterial infection; however, fluoroquinolones may increase the risk of clostridium difficile infection, particularly in immunocompromised patients. this study is designed to evaluate the effect of a delay by 3 days in fluoroquinolone prophylaxis after autologous sct (asct) on the rates of c. difficile infection and bacteremia. a single-center retrospective cohort study was performed in 118 ... | 2017 | 28456140 |
| collateral damage during antibiotic treatment of c. difficile infection in the aged host: insights into why recurrent disease happens. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is one of the most common causes of healthcare-associated infections but an even bigger problem for the aging population. advanced age leads to higher incidence, higher mortality, and higher recurrences. in our study, recently published in the journal of infectious diseases, we investigated the effect of aging on cdi using a mouse model. we were able to demonstrate that aging leads to worse clinical outcomes, as well as lead to changes in microbiota composit ... | 2017 | 28453386 |
| leapfrog hospital safety score, magnet designation, and healthcare-associated infections in united states hospitals. | healthcare-associated infections (hais) pose a challenge to patient safety. although studies have explored individual level, few have focused on organizational factors such as a hospital's safety infrastructure (indicated by leapfrog hospital safety score) or workplace quality (magnet recognition). the aim of the study was to determine whether magnet and hospitals with better leapfrog hospital safety scores have fewer hais. | 2017 | 28452915 |
| efficacy and factors associated with treatment response of intravenous immunoglobulin in inpatients with refractory inflammatory bowel diseases. | the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) has demonstrated promise in the treatment of medically refractory inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd). we aimed to identify factors associated with ivig failures in the treatment of refractory ibd. | 2017 | 28452863 |
| outcomes of fecal microbiota transplantation for clostridium difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has recently been shown to be a promising therapy for recurrent and refractory clostridium difficile infections (cdi) despite lack of protocol standardization. patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) present a particular challenge to cdi therapy as they are reported to have worse clinical outcomes, including higher colectomy rates and increased mortality. we aimed to assess the outcomes of fmt for recurrent cdi in patients with ibd at our healthcare ... | 2017 | 28451916 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation for refractory and recurrent clostridium difficile infection: a case series of nine patients. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is a highly effective therapy for refractory and recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi). despite its excellent efficacy and recent widespread use, fmt has not been widely used in south korea thus far. we describe our experience with fmt to treat refractory/recurrent cdi. | 2017 | 28449424 |
| clostridium difficile in england: can we stop washing our hands? | 2017 | 28447950 | |
| clostridium difficile in england: can we stop washing our hands? - authors' reply. | 2017 | 28447949 | |
| clostridium difficile: a bad bug goes into defensive mode. | 2017 | 28447375 | |
| the effect of a piperacillin/tazobactam shortage on antimicrobial prescribing and clostridium difficile risk in 88 u.s. medical centers. | anti-infective shortages are a pervasive problem in the u.s. the objective of this study was to identify any associations between changes in antibiotic prescribing during a piperacillin/tazobactam (pip/tazo) shortage and hospital-onset clostridium difficile infection (ho-cdi) risk in 88 u.s medical centers. | 2017 | 28444166 |
| "predictors of failure after single faecal microbiota transplantation in patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection: results from a three-year cohort study"; methodological issues. | 2017 | 28442436 | |
| [colonization rate of clostridium difficile in healthy children]. | objective: to learn the colonization of clostridium difficile in local healthy children and to investigate the colonization rate and toxin types of clostridium difficile at different ages. method: from september 2014 to january 2015 in a case observational study, healthy children's fecal specimens from the health care department of beijing children's hospital were collected. the children were divided into four groups according to age: <1 year old(n=53), 1-<3 years old(n=50), 3-<6 years old(n=50) ... | 2017 | 28441827 |
| toxigenic clostridium difficile colonization among hospitalised adults; risk factors and impact on survival. | to establish risk factors for clostridium difficile colonization among hospitalized patients in england. | 2017 | 28435086 |
| ribotypes associated with clostridium difficile outbreaks in brazil display distinct surface protein profiles. | clostridium difficile is a spore-forming anaerobic intestinal pathogen that causes clostridium difficile infection (cdi). c. difficile is the leading cause of toxin-mediated nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea. the pathogenesis of cdi is attributed to two major virulence factors, tcda and tcdb toxins, that cause the symptomatic infection. c. difficile also expresses a number of key proteins, including cell wall proteins (cwps). s-layer proteins (slps) are cwps that form a paracrystalline s ... | 2017 | 28435010 |
| clostridium difficile toxin glucosyltransferase domains in complex with a non-hydrolyzable udp-glucose analogue. | clostridium difficile is the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis worldwide. the organism produces two homologous toxins, tcda and tcdb, which enter and disrupt host cell function by glucosylating and thereby inactivating key signalling molecules within the host. as a toxin-mediated disease, there has been a significant interest in identifying small molecule inhibitors of the toxins' glucosyltransferase activities. this study was initiated as part of an effort ... | 2017 | 28433497 |
| results of the implementation of a multidisciplinary programme of faecal microbiota transplantation by colonoscopy for the treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is common and often difficult to manage. faecal microbiota transplant (fmt) is an effective therapeutic tool in these cases, although its applicability and effectiveness in spain is currently unknown. | 2017 | 28433406 |
| how well does transfer of bacterial pathogens by culture swabs correlate with transfer by hands? | in laboratory testing and in isolation rooms, pickup and transfer of health care-associated pathogens by premoistened rayon swabs correlated well with pickup and transfer by bare hands or moistened gloves. these results suggest that swab cultures provide a useful surrogate indicator of the risk for pathogen pickup and transfer by hands. | 2017 | 28431852 |
| prospective cluster controlled crossover trial to compare the impact of an improved hydrogen peroxide disinfectant and a quaternary ammonium-based disinfectant on surface contamination and health care outcomes. | quaternary ammonium-based (quat) disinfectants are widely used, but they have disadvantages. | 2017 | 28431849 |
| reducing recurrence of c. difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is facilitated by alteration of the microbiome following antibiotic administration. antimicrobial therapy directed against the pathogen can treat cdi. unfortunately, ∼20% of successfully treated patients will suffer recurrence. bezlotoxumab, a human monoclonal antibody, binds to c. difficile toxin b (tcdb), reducing recurrence presumably by limiting epithelial damage and facilitating microbiome recovery. | 2017 | 28431238 |
| ethical issues in fecal microbiota transplantation in practice. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has demonstrated efficacy and is increasingly being used in the treatment of patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection. despite a lack of high-quality trials to provide more information on the long-term effects of fmt, there has been great enthusiasm about the potential for expanding its applications. however, fmt presents many serious ethical and social challenges that must be addressed as part of a successful regulatory policy response. in t ... | 2017 | 28430065 |
| a review of the novel application and potential adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors. | proton pump inhibitors (ppis) are known as a class of pharmaceutical agents that target h(+)/k(+)-atpase, which is located in gastric parietal cells. ppis are widely used in the treatment of gastric acid-related diseases including peptic ulcer disease, erosive esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease, and so on. these drugs present an excellent safety profile and have become one of the most commonly prescribed drugs in primary and specialty care. except for gastric acid-related diseases, ... | 2017 | 28429247 |
| detection of gastrointestinal pathogens in oncology patients by highly multiplexed molecular panels. | we compared the frequency of gastrointestinal (gi) pathogen detection in an oncology patient population by two multiplexed molecular assays, the luminex xtag® gastrointestinal pathogen panel (gpp, which identifies 14 gi pathogens) and the biofire gastrointestinal panel (bfgp, which identifies 22 gi pathogens). we additionally reviewed the clinical characteristics of patients tested with both panels. a total of 200 prospectively collected and 81 archived stool samples were tested by both panels. ... | 2017 | 28429164 |
| loop ileostomy versus total colectomy as surgical treatment for clostridium difficile-associated disease: an eastern association for the surgery of trauma multicenter trial. | the mortality of patients with clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad) requiring surgery continues to be very high. loop ileostomy (li) was introduced as an alternative procedure to total colectomy (tc) for cdad by a single-center study. to date, no reproducible results have been published. the objective of this study was to compare these two procedures in a multicentric approach to help the surgeon decide what procedure is best suited for the patient in need. | 2017 | 28426557 |
| quality of care and outcomes among hospitalized inflammatory bowel disease patients: a multicenter retrospective study. | half of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) require hospitalization. we sought to characterize inpatient quality indicators of care and outcomes during ibd-related hospitalizations at 4 major ibd referral centers in canada. | 2017 | 28426451 |
| bezlotoxumab and recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28425276 | |
| bezlotoxumab and recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28423300 | |
| bezlotoxumab and recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28423299 | |
| bezlotoxumab and recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28423298 | |
| changes in composition of the gut bacterial microbiome after fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection in a pediatric heart transplant patient. | the microbiome is increasingly recognized as an important influence on human health and many of the comorbidities that affect patients after solid organ transplantation (sot) have been shown to involve changes in gut bacterial populations. thus, microbiome changes in an individual patient may have important health implications after sot but this area remains understudied. we describe changes in the composition of the fecal microbiome from a pediatric heart transplant recipient before and >2.5 ye ... | 2017 | 28421185 |
| the influence of maternal vaginal flora on the intestinal colonization in newborns and 3-month-old infants. | the role of maternal vaginal bacteria on the colonization of neonatal gut is still a matter of discussion. our aim was to estimate the role of maternal vaginal flora on the development of intestinal flora in neonates and 3-month-old infants. | 2017 | 28420276 |
| editorial: clostridium difficile and inflammatory bowel disease - is it always a bad combination? | 2017 | 28417498 | |
| antimicrobial effects of manuka honey on in vitro biofilm formation by clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile is the cause of the nosocomial c. difficile infection (cdi). the conventional antibiotics used in cdi therapy are often unsuccessful, and recurrent infections may occur. biofilm formation by c. difficile is associated with chronic or recurrent infections; biofilms may contribute to virulence and impaired antimicrobial efficacy. manuka honey, derived from the manuka tree (leptospermum scoparium), is known to exhibit antimicrobial properties that are associated with its signi ... | 2017 | 28417271 |
| clostridium difficile bacteremia: report of two cases in french hospitals and comprehensive review of the literature. | we report two cases of bacteremia due to clostridium difficile from two french hospitals. the first patient with previously diagnosed rectal carcinoma underwent courses of chemotherapy, and antimicrobial treatment, and survived the c. difficile bacteremia. the second patient with colon perforation and newly diagnosed lung cancer underwent antimicrobial treatment in an icu but died shortly after the episode of c. difficile bacteremia. a review of the literature allowed the identification of 137 c ... | 2017 | 28417069 |
| clostridium difficile infection. | preventing clostridium difficile, the most common cause of health care-associated infections in hospitals and infectious disease death in the united states, is a national priority. increased rates of infection among low-risk individuals in the community call for community-based prevention efforts to halt the increasing spread of this highly contagious opportunistic infection. | 2017 | 28414622 |
| colonization by multidrug-resistant organisms in long-term care facilities in italy: a point-prevalence study. | to determine prevalence and risk factors for colonization by multidrug-resistant organisms (mdros) in long-term care facility (ltcf) residents in italy. genotypes of mdro isolates were investigated. | 2017 | 28412380 |
| clostridium difficile and cystic fibrosis: management strategies and the role of faecal transplantation. | clostridium difficile is a bacterial infection that colonises the gut in susceptible hosts. it is associated with exposure to healthcare settings and antibiotic use. it could be assumed that cystic fibrosis (cf) patients are a high-risk group for c.difficile. however, despite high carriage rates, cf patients have low rates of active disease. there are guidelines for the treatment of c.difficile, however little is published specific to treating c.difficile in cf. this article provides an overview ... | 2017 | 28411069 |
| preoperative clostridium difficile infection does not affect pouch outcomes in patients with ulcerative colitis who undergo ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. | the operation of choice for patients with chronic ulcerative colitis (cuc) is restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (ipaa). pouchitis is the most common complication after ipaa. the incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is higher in cuc patients than the general population and can lead to significant disease flares and higher rates of colectomy. we sought to determine the risk of pouchitis in patients with precolectomy cdi and 90-day postoperative ipaa compli ... | 2017 | 28410344 |
| improvement in the management of patients with clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea following changes to the wording of laboratory reports. | 2017 | 28408053 | |
| risk for clostridium difficile infection after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant remains elevated in the postengraftment period. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a frequent cause of diarrhea among allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (hct) recipients. it is unknown whether risk factors for cdi vary by time posttransplant. | 2017 | 28405601 |
| trends in the incidence and outcomes of hospitalized cancer patients with clostridium difficile infection: a nationwide analysis. | background: patients with cancer have several risk factors for clostridium difficile infection (cdi), but the impact of cdi on outcomes in this population needs elucidation. we analyzed the incidence of cdi and its impact on outcomes in patients with cancer using the national hospital discharge survey (nhds) database from 2001 to 2010. methods: diagnosis codes were used to identify patients with cancer and cdi events. demographics, diagnoses, length of stay (los), and discharge information were ... | 2017 | 28404757 |
| update on antimicrobial resistance in clostridium difficile: resistance mechanisms and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. | oral antibiotics such as metronidazole, vancomycin and fidaxomicin are therapies of choice for clostridium difficile infection. several important mechanisms for c. difficile antibiotic resistance have been described, including the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes via the transfer of mobile genetic elements, selective pressure in vivo resulting in gene mutations, altered expression of redox-active proteins, iron metabolism, and dna repair, as well as via biofilm formation. this update s ... | 2017 | 28404671 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of bile acid analogues inhibitory to clostridium difficile spore germination. | standard antibiotic-based strategies for the treatment of clostridium difficile infections disrupt indigenous microbiota and commonly fail to eradicate bacterial spores, two key factors that allow recurrence of infection. as an alternative approach to controlling c. difficile infection, a series of bile acid derivatives have been prepared that inhibit taurocholate-induced spore germination. these analogues have been evaluated in a highly virulent nap1 strain using optical density and phase-contr ... | 2017 | 28402634 |
| toxinotyping and sequencing of clostridium difficile isolates from patients in a tertiary care hospital of northern india. | clostridium difficile is an important cause of infectious colitis among hospitalized patients across the globe. the pathogenic potential of c. difficile in producing significant morbidity and mortality is mainly due to production of toxins a and b. the outbreaks of c. difficile infection (cdi) are due to changes in the genetic sequences of the organism. there is hardly any molecular study reported on the prevalent types of c. difficile strains in india. toxinotyping and sequencing of locally cir ... | 2017 | 28401147 |
| effect of metronidazole in infants with bowel habit change: irrelative to the clostridium difficile colonization. | clinical symptoms associated with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) can vary widely. carrier state without apparent symptoms is relatively common during infancy. the objective of this study was to determine the association of c. difficile colonization with bowel habit change and the effect of c. difficile colonization treatment on restoration of normal bowel habit. | 2017 | 28401056 |
| survival of clostridium difficile spores at low water activity. | clostridium difficile is frequently found in meat and meat products. germination efficiency, defined as colony formation, was previously investigated at temperatures found in meat handling and processing for spores of strain m120 (animal isolate), r20291 (human isolate), and dk1 (beef isolate). in this study, germination efficiency of these spore strains was assessed in phosphate buffered saline (pbs, aw ∼1.00), commercial beef jerky (aw ∼0.82/0.72), and aw-adjusted pbs (aw ∼0.82/0.72). surface ... | 2017 | 28400013 |
| impact of a multifaceted antimicrobial stewardship program: a front-line ownership driven quality improvement project in a large urban emergency department. | antibiotic overuse has promoted growing rates of antimicrobial resistance and secondary antibiotic-associated infections such as clostridium difficile (c. difficile). antimicrobial stewardship programs (asps) are effective in reducing antimicrobial use in the inpatient setting; however, the unique environment of the emergency department (ed) lends itself to challenges for successful implementation. front-line ownership (flo) methodology has been shown to be a potentially effective strategy for t ... | 2017 | 28399946 |
| risk of clostridium difficile infection in hematology-oncology patients colonized with toxigenic c. difficile. | the prevalence of colonization with toxigenic clostridium difficile among patients with hematological malignancies and/or bone marrow transplant at admission to a 566-bed academic medical care center was 9.3%, and 13.3% of colonized patients developed symptomatic disease during hospitalization. this population may benefit from targeted c. difficile infection control interventions. infect control hosp epidemiol 2017;38:718-720. | 2017 | 28397624 |
| validity and reliability of administrative coded data for the identification of hospital-acquired infections: an updated systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. | to conduct an updated assessment of the validity and reliability of administrative coded data (acd) in identifying hospital-acquired infections (hais). | 2017 | 28397261 |
| clostridioides difficile 630δerm in silico and in vivo - quantitative growth and extensive polysaccharide secretion. | antibiotic-associated infections with clostridioides difficile are a severe and often lethal risk for hospitalized patients, and can also affect populations without these classical risk factors. for a rational design of therapeutical concepts, a better knowledge of the metabolism of the pathogen is crucial. metabolic modeling can provide a simulation of quantitative growth and usage of metabolic pathways, leading to a deeper understanding of the organism. here, we present an elaborate genome-sca ... | 2017 | 28396843 |
| clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the main cause of nosocomial diarrhea in industrialized countries and the source of a growing number of cases of diarrhea in the community. the outbreak of the hypervirulent strain belonging to ribotype 027 has increased the incidence and severity of cdi in some countries. although cdi usually courses as a mild diarrhea it can lead to severe forms such as toxic megacolon or septic shock. one of every 2 episodes of cdi is not diagnosed in spanish hospitals ... | 2017 | 28396132 |
| risk factors for community-associated clostridium difficile infection in children. | to characterize the medication and other exposures associated with pediatric community-associated clostridium difficile infections (ca-cdis). | 2017 | 28396027 |
| effect of clostridium difficile prevalence in hospitals and nursing homes on risk of infection. | to assess the effect of facility clostridium difficile infection (cdi) prevalence on risk of healthcare facility (hfc) acquired cdi. | 2017 | 28394408 |
| comparison of fungal culture to surgical pathology exam in the detection of dimorphic fungi and the impact on treatment and outcomes: a 25-year retrospective review at a tertiary cancer center. | the first nonactivated 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (pcc) is approved in the united states for warfarin reversal prior to emergent invasive procedures and in bleeding patients based on noninferiority studies vs plasma. this approval opened the door for off-label pcc use (eg, trauma, liver failure). we have also observed that some patients have received pcc and plasma to reverse a prolonged prothrombin time, instead of pcc alone. herein, we examined how often pcc was used for an off-l ... | 2017 | 28339920 |
| diagnosing an infection control risk. | 2017 | 28158635 | |
| identifying environmental reservoirs of clostridium difficile with a scent detection dog: preliminary evaluation. | prompted by an article describing a dog trained to detect clostridium difficile in patients, our institution evaluated a dog's ability to detect c. difficile scent from equipment and surfaces to assist in strategic deployment of adjunctive cleaning measures. | 2017 | 28579472 |
| compliance with clostridium difficile treatment guidelines: effect on patient outcomes. | guidelines for the severity classification and treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) were published by infectious diseases society of america (idsa)/society for healthcare epidemiology of america (shea) in 2010; however, compliance and efficacy of these guidelines has not been widely investigated. this present study assessed compliance with guidelines and its effect on cdi patient outcomes as compared with before these recommendations. a retrospective study included all adult inpati ... | 2017 | 28578710 |
| extraintestinal clostridium difficile infection due to a ribotype different from that isolated from the feces of the patient: a case report. | extraintestinal infections due to clostridium difficile are uncommon. when such infections occur, extraintestinal c. difficile isolates are usually identical to fecal isolates. we present a rare case of a large postoperative abscess caused by c. difficile infection, in which different c. difficile strains were isolated from the abscess and from feces of the patient. an 82-year-old woman with cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa developed pain, skin ulcers, and extensive necrosis of the right leg. abov ... | 2017 | 28578133 |
| assessing the effect of patient screening and isolation on curtailing clostridium difficile infection in hospital settings. | patient screening at the time of hospital admission is not recommended as a routine practice, but may be an important strategy for containment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in hospital settings. we sought to investigate the effect of patient screening in the presence of asymptomatic carriers and in the context of imperfect patient isolation. | 2017 | 28577357 |
| adherence to clinical practice guidelines for the management of clostridium difficile infection in japan: a multicenter retrospective study. | this study was conducted to investigate the adherence to clinical practice guidelines (cpgs) for clostridium difficile infection (cdi). a retrospective multicenter observational study was conducted via chart review at four teaching hospitals in japan from april 2012 through september 2013. cdi was diagnosed based on positive identification of cd toxin by enzyme immunoassay testing. cdi patients were divided into non-severe and severe groups according to the severity criteria of four published gu ... | 2017 | 28577158 |
| safety and efficacy of antibacterial prophylaxis after craniotomy: a decision model analysis. | antibiotic prophylaxis has revolutionized the safety of neurosurgical procedures in the last century. today, the clinician's drug of choice before surgery often is based on the antibiotic's resistance profile and drug-induced complications. | 2017 | 28576711 |
| safety and pharmacokinetic study of fidaxomicin in children with clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a phase 2a multicenter clinical trial. | fidaxomicin is an approved therapy for clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) in adults. the safety of fidaxomicin in children has not been reported. | 2017 | 28575523 |
| comparison of control of clostridium difficile infection in six english hospitals using whole-genome sequencing. | variation in clostridium difficile infection (cdi) rates between healthcare institutions suggests overall incidence could be reduced if the lowest rates could be achieved more widely. | 2017 | 28575285 |
| vancomycin taper and risk of failure of fecal microbiota transplant in patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 109 subjects treated for rcdi with fmt at tertiary referral center between 2011 and 2014 to determine risk factors for fmt failure.. in a multivariate analysis, failure to use an oral vancomycin taper preceding fmt was associated with a significant risk of fmt failure (odds ratio [95% ci], 0.15 [0.007-0.40]). | 2017 | 28575220 |
| epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes of infections in patients undergoing liver transplantation for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. | the epidemiology of infection after liver transplantation for hilar cholangiocarcinoma has not been systematically investigated. in this study of 124 patients, 255 infections occurred in 105 patients during the median follow-up of 4.2 years. the median time to first infection was 15.1 weeks (iqr 1.6-62.6). the most common sites were the abdomen, bloodstream, and musculoskeletal system. risk factors for any post-transplant infection were pre-transplant vre colonization (hazard ratio [hr] 1.9, p=. ... | 2017 | 28573685 |
| emergence of clostridium difficile tcdc variant 078 in marseille, france. | the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the epidemiology of hypervirulent clostridium difficile ribotypes from january 2013 to february 2017 in the marseille area of southern france. by using the xpert clostridium difficile epi polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay and sequencing the tcdc gene, we characterised c. difficile isolates from symptomatic patients diagnosed with c. difficile infection (cdi) in marseille university hospitals. we first tested retrospectively 278 c. difficile s ... | 2017 | 28573471 |
| functional amplification and preservation of human gut microbiota. | background: the availability of fresh stool samples is a prerequisite in most gut microbiota functional studies. objective: strategies for amplification and long-term gut microbiota preservation from fecal samples would favor sample sharing, help comparisons and reproducibility over time and between laboratories, and improve the safety and ethical issues surrounding fecal microbiota transplantations. design: taking advantage of in vitro gut-simulating systems, we amplified the microbial repertoi ... | 2017 | 28572754 |
| editorial: making fecal microbiota transplantation easier to swallow: freeze-dried preparation for recurrent clostridium difficile infections. | fecal microbiota transplant (fmt) has emerged as an effective and increasingly popular therapy for recurrent clostridium difficile infections in patients that have failed standard antimicrobial treatment. patient access to fmt is hampered by the logistics of manufacturing, storing, and delivering the inocula. an observational study describes the development and clinical efficacy of freeze-dried fmt capsules for oral administration. while awaiting the emergence of defined bacterial therapeutics f ... | 2017 | 28572645 |
| a protocol to characterize the morphological changes of clostridium difficile in response to antibiotic treatment. | assessment of antibiotic action with new drug development directed towards anaerobic bacteria is difficult and technically demanding. to gain insight into possible moa, morphologic changes associated with antibiotic exposure can be visualized using scanning electron microscopy (sem). integrating sem imaging with traditional kill curves may improve our insight into drug action and advance the drug development process. to test this premise, kill curves and sem studies were conducted using drugs wi ... | 2017 | 28570548 |
| how chinese clinicians face ethical and social challenges in fecal microbiota transplantation: a questionnaire study. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is reportedly the most effective therapy for relapsing clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and a potential therapeutic option for many diseases. it also poses important ethical concerns. this study is an attempt to assess clinicians' perception and attitudes towards ethical and social challenges raised by fecal microbiota transplantation. | 2017 | 28569156 |
| a retrospective study of patient factors that indicate provider nonadherence to an institutional clostridium difficile treatment guideline. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is treated most often with metronidazole or vancomycin. both have been effective in treatment of mild to moderate infection. in more severe cases, vancomycin may be more effective. | 2017 | 28569127 |
| therapy of the postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome: an update. | after acute infectious gastroenteritis, up to thirty percent of patients present prolonged gastrointestinal symptoms and a part of those affected patients can have the diagnostic criteria for postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome. treatment is symptom directed rather than curative and includes agents prescribed for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in general. prophylaxis or early treatment of acute bacterial diarrhea may reduce the risk of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome devel ... | 2017 | 28559695 |
| incidence and risk factors for community and hospital acquisition of clostridium difficile infection in the tel aviv sourasky medical center. | objectives to estimate the incidence and identified risk factors for community-acquired (ca) and hospital-acquired (ha) clostridium difficile infection (cdi) methods we conducted 2 parallel case-control studies at tel aviv sourasky medical center from january 1, 2011, to december 31, 2014. we identified persons with cdi, determined whether infection was community or hospital acquired, and calculated incidence rates from 2007 to 2014. we collected demographic, clinical, and epidemiological inform ... | 2017 | 28558856 |