Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| expert consensus on metrics to assess the impact of patient-level antimicrobial stewardship interventions in acute-care settings. | antimicrobial stewardship programs (asps) positively impact patient care, but metrics to assess asp impact are poorly defined. we used a modified delphi approach to select relevant metrics for assessing patient-level interventions in acute-care settings for the purposes of internal program decision making. an expert panel rated 90 candidate metrics on a 9-point likert scale for association with 4 criteria: improved antimicrobial prescribing, improved patient care, utility in targeting stewardshi ... | 2017 | 27927866 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a single-center experience. | 2017 | 27923723 | |
| in vitro inhibition of clostridium difficile by commercial probiotics: a microcalorimetric study. | the aim of the study was to investigate the influence of some commercial probiotics on the growth of clostridium difficile using isothermal microcalorimetry, a technique which can monitor the real time growth of bacteria. commercial probiotic strains and products, lactobacillus acidophilus la-5(®), bifidobacterium lactis bb-12(®), probio 7(®) and symprove™ were co-cultured with c. difficile in brain heart infusion (bhi) broth supplemented with 0.1% (w/v) l-cysteine hydrochloride and 0.1% (w/v) s ... | 2017 | 27923699 |
| clostridium difficile in an urban, university-affiliated long-term acute-care hospital. | objectives to describe the characteristics and impact of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in a long-term acute-care hospital (ltach). design retrospective matched cohort study. setting a 38-bed, urban, university-affiliated ltach. methods the characteristics of ltach-onset cdi were assessed among patients hospitalized between july 2008 and october 2015. patients with cdi were matched to concurrently hospitalized patients without a diagnosis of cdi. severe cdi was defined as cdi with 2 or mo ... | 2017 | 27923419 |
| reduction in hospital-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus with daily chlorhexidine gluconate bathing for medical inpatients. | daily bathing with chlorhexidine gluconate (chg) is increasingly used in intensive care units to prevent hospital-associated infections, but limited evidence exists for noncritical care settings. | 2017 | 27938986 |
| isolation of clostridium difficile from dogs with digestive disorders, including stable metronidazole-resistant strains. | the prevalence of clostridium difficile in 107 dogs with diverse digestive disorders attended in a spanish veterinary teaching hospital was assessed. the microorganism was isolated from 13 dogs (12.1%) of different disease groups. isolates belonged to pcr ribotypes 078, 106, 154 and 430 (all of them toxigenic) and 110 (non-toxigenic), and were resistant to several antimicrobial drugs. notably, seven isolates obtained from different dogs displayed stable resistance to metronidazole. the results o ... | 2017 | 27965048 |
| an institutional comparison of total abdominal colectomy and diverting loop ileostomy and colonic lavage in the treatment of severe, complicated clostridium difficile infections. | total abdominal colectomy (tac) is the standard surgical treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). an alternative therapy, loop ileostomy and colonic lavage (il), was described in 2011, but the results have never been validated. | 2017 | 27964924 |
| evaluation of the biofire filmarray® gastrointestinalpanel in a midwestern academic hospital. | the biofire filmarray® gastrointestinal panel (gip) was implemented to replace traditional stool culture and enzyme immunoassay (eia) testing for stool pathogens. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the detection rate, incidence of coinfection, and culture recovery rate of gastrointestinal (gi) pathogens detected by the gip over a 1-year period. a total of 2257 stools collected from january to december 2015 were tested using the gip. clostridium difficile colonization was also evaluated by ... | 2017 | 27957599 |
| risk factors and epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients during the peritransplant period. | hematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct) recipients represent a high-risk group for developing clostridium difficile (cd) infection (cdi). we aimed to identify specific risk factors for cdi in an hsct patient population during the peritransplant period. | 2017 | 27943501 |
| risk factors for the development of clostridium difficile infection in adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: a single-center study in québec, canada. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a significant complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-hsct). our primary objective was to determine risk factors for the development of cdi during the first year following allo-hsct. | 2017 | 27943498 |
| successful therapy of severe pseudomembranous clostridium difficile colitis using a combination of fecal microbiota therapy and fidaxomicin. | the aim of this work was to describe the use of a combination of fidaxomicin and fecal microbiota therapy (fmt) in clostridium difficile infection (cdi). | 2017 | 27978522 |
| recurrent clostridium difficile infection in children: patient risk factors and markers of intestinal inflammation. | the management of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in children is complicated by recurrence rates of 20%-30%. the identification of risk factors associated with recurrent disease might allow early recognition of those children at highest risk. | 2017 | 27977555 |
| molecular epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized patients in eastern china. | few studies on risk factors for and transmission of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in china have been reported. a cross-sectional study was conducted for 3 years in eastern china. consecutive stool specimens from hospitalized patients with diarrhea were cultured for c. difficile. c. difficile isolates from these patients then were analyzed for toxin genes, genotypes, and antimicrobial resistance. a severity score for the cdi in each patient was determined by a blinded review of the medica ... | 2017 | 27974547 |
| prospective randomized controlled study on the effects of saccharomyces boulardii cncm i-745 and amoxicillin-clavulanate or the combination on the gut microbiota of healthy volunteers. | probiotics are believed to be beneficial in maintaining a healthy gut microbiota whereas antibiotics are known to induce dysbiosis. this study aimed to examine the effects of the probiotic saccharomyces boulardii cncm i-745 (sb), the antibiotic amoxicillin-clavulanate (ac) and the combination on the microbiota and symptoms of healthy humans. healthy subjects were randomized to one of 4 study groups: sb for 14 days, ac for 7 days, sb plus ac, control (no treatment). participants gave stool sample ... | 2017 | 27973989 |
| clinical and microbiological characteristics of clostridium difficile infection among hospitalized children in the netherlands. | little is known about pediatric clostridium difficile infection (cdi) epidemiology. we describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics of cdi among hospitalized children in the netherlands. | 2017 | 27986664 |
| diagnostic testing methods for clostridium difficile infection: a statewide survey of ohio acute care hospitals. | we surveyed ohio acute care hospitals on laboratory testing used for diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). of 146 hospitals surveyed, 109 (84%) used nucleic acid amplification tests (naats) as stand-alone diagnostic assays. only 53 (42.4%) hospitals using naats had a mechanism in place to prevent repeat cdi testing. | 2017 | 28029400 |
| predictors of severe outcomes in patients with clostridium difficile infection from a hispanic population. | factors associated with complicated clostridium difficile infection (cdi) may vary among populations, and predictors of severe outcomes in cdi have not been studied in hispanic patients. the aim of this study was to identify factors associated with a higher risk of colectomy, all-cause mortality, and cdi-associated mortality in a hispanic population. | 2017 | 27987135 |
| role of interferon-γ and inflammatory monocytes in driving colonic inflammation during acute clostridium difficile infection in mice. | the inflammatory response to the colonic pathogen clostridium difficile is characterized by the induction of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-23 (il-23) and interferon-γ (ifn-γ) and the recruitment of myeloid cells including ly6c(h)(igh) monocytes. il-23 knockout mice showed reduced expression of the monocyte chemokines ccl4 and ccl7, but not ccl2, as well as reduced ly6c(h)(igh) ly6g(m)(id) monocyte recruitment to the colon in response to c. difficile colitis. clostridium difficile- ... | 2017 | 27995603 |
| clostridium difficile infection: updates in management. | clostridium difficile was first identified in 1978 as a diarrhea-causing bacterium in humans. in the last three decades, c. difficile infection (cdi) has reached an epidemic state, both in health care and community settings worldwide. there has been substantial progress in the field of cdi, including identification of novel risk factors, presence of cdi in individuals not considered at risk previously, and treatment options including new drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and fecal microbiota transpl ... | 2017 | 27995486 |
| in vitro activities of mcb3681 and eight comparators against clostridium difficile isolates with known ribotypes and diverse geographical spread. | treatments for clostridium difficile infection remain limited, despite the introduction of fidaxomicin, and development of new agents is necessary. we determined the in vitro susceptibilities of 199 prevalent or emerging clostridium difficile pcr ribotypes to mcb3681, a novel investigational quinolonyl-oxazolidinone, and 8 comparators (metronidazole, vancomycin, fidaxomicin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, tigecycline, and linezolid). mcb3681 showed good activity against c. difficile w ... | 2017 | 27993853 |
| presence of clostridium difficile in pig faecal samples and wild animal species associated with pig farms. | to determine the presence of clostridium difficile on fattening pig farms in north-eastern spain. | 2017 | 27990723 |
| electronic prescribing system design priorities for antimicrobial stewardship: a cross-sectional survey of 142 uk infection specialists. | the implementation of electronic prescribing and medication administration (epma) systems is a priority for hospitals and a potential component of antimicrobial stewardship (ams). | 2017 | 27999065 |
| cumulative and temporal associations between antimicrobial prescribing and community-associated clostridium difficile infection: population-based case-control study using administrative data. | community-associated clostridium difficile infection (ca-cdi; defined as cases without prior hospitalization in the previous 12 weeks who were either tested outside of hospital or tested within 2 days of admission to hospital) is a major public health problem. this study estimates the magnitude of the association between temporal and cumulative prescribing of antimicrobials in primary care and ca-cdi. | 2017 | 27999064 |
| gut-sparing treatment of urinary tract infection in patients at high risk of clostridium difficile infection. | recipients of faecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) in treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infection (rcdi) remain at markedly increased risk of re-infection with c. difficile with new antibiotic provocations. urinary tract infections (utis) are common indications for antibiotics in these patients, often resulting in c. difficile re-infection. | 2017 | 27999027 |
| lactobacillus probiotics in the prevention of diarrhea associated with clostridium difficile: a systematic review and bayesian hierarchical meta-analysis. | recent meta-analyses of the efficacy of probiotics for preventing diarrhea associated with clostridium difficile have concluded there is a large effect favouring probiotics. we reexamined this evidence, which contradicts the results of a more recent large randomized controlled trial that found no benefit of lactobacillus probiotics for preventing c. difficile-associated diarrhea. | 2017 | 28018885 |
| clostridium difficile infection: evolution, phylogeny and molecular epidemiology. | over the recent decades, clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has emerged as a global public health threat. despite growing attention, c. difficile remains a poorly understood pathogen, however, the exquisite sensitivity offered by next generation sequencing (ngs) technology has enabled analysis of the genome of c. difficile, giving us access to massive genomic data on factors such as virulence, evolution, and genetic relatedness within c. difficile groups. ngs has also demonstrated excellence ... | 2017 | 28012982 |
| oral vancomycin followed by fecal transplantation versus tapering oral vancomycin treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile infection: an open-label, randomized controlled trial. | fecal transplantation (ft) is a promising treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi), but its true effectiveness remains unknown. we compared 14 days of oral vancomycin followed by a single ft by enema with oral vancomycin taper (standard of care) in adult patients experiencing acute recurrence of cdi. | 2017 | 28011612 |
| fecal fixation: fecal microbiota transplantation for clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28011611 | |
| risk factors for hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infection among pediatric patients with cancer. | hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infection (cdi) may cause life-threatening colitis for children with cancer, making identification of risk factors important. we described characteristics of pediatric cancer patients with primary and recurring cdi, and evaluated potential risk factors. among 189 cancer patients, 51 cases (27%) of cdi and 94 matched controls of cancer patients without cdi were analyzed. multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between cdi and ... | 2017 | 28002256 |
| rasch analysis of the antimicrobial self-assessment toolkit for national health service (nhs) trusts (asat v17). | the antimicrobial self-assessment toolkit for national health service (nhs) trusts (asat) was developed to evaluate hospital-based antimicrobial stewardship programmes. iterative validity investigations of the asat were used to produce a 91-item asat v17 utilizing qualitative methodology. rasch analysis was used to generate question (item) behaviour estimates and to investigate the validity of asat v17. | 2017 | 27798214 |
| influence of antibiotics and case exposure on hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infection independent of illness severity. | previous studies of the association between antibiotic exposure and risk of hospital-acquired clostridium difficile-associated infection (cdi) have not fully accounted for patient severity of illness, and competing risks. | 2017 | 27825674 |
| clostridium difficile infection: stewardship's lowest hanging fruit? | 2017 | 27825596 | |
| effect of a national 4c antibiotic stewardship intervention on the clinical and molecular epidemiology of clostridium difficile infections in a region of scotland: a non-linear time-series analysis. | whereas many antibiotics increase risk of clostridium difficile infection through dysbiosis, epidemic c difficile ribotypes characterised by multidrug resistance might depend on antibiotic selection pressures arising from population use of specific drugs. we examined the effect of a national antibiotic stewardship intervention limiting the use of 4c antibiotics (fluoroquinolones, clindamycin, co-amoxiclav, and cephalosporins) and other infection prevention and control strategies on the clinical ... | 2017 | 27825595 |
| antimicrobial stewardship and environmental decontamination for the control of clostridium difficile transmission in healthcare settings. | we implement an agent-based model for clostridium difficile transmission in hospitals that accounts for several processes and individual factors including environmental and antibiotic heterogeneity in order to evaluate the efficacy of various control measures aimed at reducing environmental contamination and mitigating the effects of antibiotic use on transmission. in particular, we account for local contamination levels that contribute to the probability of colonization and we account for both ... | 2017 | 27826877 |
| are proton pump inhibitors associated with an increased risk of clostridium difficile infection after considering confounding variables? | 2017 | 27847127 | |
| cost-effectiveness of histamine2 receptor antagonists versus proton pump inhibitors for stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients. | to determine the cost-effectiveness of stress ulcer prophylaxis with histamine2 receptor antagonists (h2ras) versus proton pump inhibitors (ppis) in critically ill and mechanically ventilated adults. | 2017 | 27809338 |
| nutrition and the gut microbiome in the elderly. | the gut microbiota is the assembly of microorganisms living in our intestine and their genomes are known as the microbiome. the correct composition and functionality of this microbiome is essential for maintaining a "healthy status." aging is related to changes in the gut microbiota which are frequently associated with physiological modifications of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as, to changes in dietary patterns, together with a concomitant decline in cognitive and immune function, all to ... | 2017 | 27808595 |
| comparison of clostridium difficile ribotypes circulating in australian hospitals and communities. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is becoming less exclusively a health care-associated cdi (ha-cdi). the incidence of community-associated cdi (ca-cdi) has increased over the past few decades. it has been postulated that asymptomatic toxigenic c. difficile (tcd)-colonized patients may play a role in the transfer of c. difficile between the hospital setting and the community. thus, to investigate the relatedness of c. difficile across the hospital and community settings, we compared the char ... | 2017 | 27807147 |
| toxin a of the nosocomial pathogen clostridium difficile induces primary effects in the proteome of hep-2 cells. | this study was carried out to investigate the impact of high concentrations of clostridium difficile toxin a (tcda) on the proteome of human cells. it should also be examined whether a catalytically deficient mutant (tcdanxn ) has an effect on target cells. | 2017 | 27860399 |
| variability in antibiotic use across ontario acute care hospitals. | antibiotic stewardship is a required organizational practice for canadian acute care hospitals, yet data are scarce regarding the quantity and composition of antibiotic use across facilities. we sought to examine the variability, and risk-adjusted variability, in antibiotic use across acute care hospitals in ontario, canada's most populous province. | 2017 | 27856724 |
| duodenitis-proximal jejunitis in horses after experimental administration of clostridium difficile toxins. | duodenitis-proximal jejunitis (dpj) is an acute sporadic gastrointestinal disorder of horses of unknown cause. | 2017 | 27906466 |
| patients' views on fecal microbiota transplantation: an acceptable therapeutic option in inflammatory bowel disease? | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) represents a new therapeutic option that has been studied in two randomized-controlled trials in ulcerative colitis patients. our study aimed to identify patients' views on the use of this novel therapeutic approach. | 2017 | 27879485 |
| gleaning insights from fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotic studies for the rational design of combination microbial therapies. | beneficial microorganisms hold promise for the treatment of numerous gastrointestinal diseases. the transfer of whole microbiota via fecal transplantation has already been shown to ameliorate the severity of diseases such as clostridium difficile infection, inflammatory bowel disease, and others. however, the exact mechanisms of fecal microbiota transplant efficacy and the particular strains conferring this benefit are still unclear. rationally designed combinations of microbial preparations may ... | 2017 | 27856521 |
| national survey of practice of faecal microbiota transplantation for clostridium difficile infection in the uk. | 2017 | 27876399 | |
| diagnosis and treatment of clostridium difficile (c. diff) colitis: review of the literature and a perspective in gynecologic oncology. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a major cause of nosocomial diarrhea with the potential for significant morbidity and mortality. colonization in a susceptible individual, with risk factors such as prior antibiotic use, advanced age, or medical comorbidities, may result in symptomatic infection. although patients with a gynecologic malignancy may be at a higher risk of developing cdi due to an increased likelihood of having one or more risk factors, data do not consistently support the i ... | 2017 | 27876339 |
| survival and prevalence of clostridium difficile in manure compost derived from pigs. | pigs, particularly piglets, have been identified as reservoir hosts of clostridium difficile. to examine the survival ability of this pathogen in pig feces-based manure compost, c. difficile spores, which were prepared to contain as few vegetative cells as possible, were artificially inoculated into pig feces and incubated at different temperatures. while c. difficile survived in the feces incubated at temperatures below 37 °c for over 30 days, cell numbers gradually decreased at thermophilic te ... | 2017 | 27871997 |
| prevalence and molecular characterization of clostridium difficile isolates from a pig slaughterhouse, pork, and humans in taiwan. | clostridium difficile causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea in both humans and animals. the ribotype 078, predominant in food animals, is associated with community-acquired c. difficile infection, and c. difficile is suggested to be a foodborne pathogen. recently, the c. difficile ribotype 078 lineage emerged in patients and pigs in taiwan. this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and molecular characterization of c. difficile isolated from a pig slaughterhouse, retail meat, ready-to-eat m ... | 2017 | 27870984 |
| efficacy of sterile fecal filtrate transfer for treating patients with clostridium difficile infection. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is a highly effective therapy for recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi). however, transferring undefined living bacteria entails uncontrollable risks for infectious and metabolic or malignant diseases, particularly in immunocompromised patients. we investigated whether sterile fecal filtrates (containing bacterial debris, proteins, antimicrobial compounds, metabolic products, and oligonucleotides/dna), rather than intact microorganisms, are effect ... | 2017 | 27866880 |
| evaluation of an automated room decontamination device using aerosolized peracetic acid. | because manual cleaning is often suboptimal, there is increasing interest in use of automated devices for room decontamination. we demonstrated that an ultrasonic room fogging system that generates submicron droplets of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide eliminated clostridium difficile spores and vegetative pathogens from exposed carriers in hospital rooms and adjacent bathrooms. | 2017 | 27866755 |
| an increase in healthcare-associated clostridium difficile infection associated with use of a defective peracetic acid-based surface disinfectant. | background we investigated an increase in the incidence of healthcare-associated clostridium difficile infection (cdi) that occurred following a change from a bleach disinfectant to a peracetic acid-based disinfectant. objective to evaluate the efficacy of the peracetic acid-based disinfectant. design laboratory-based product evaluation. methods the commercial peracetic acid-based product is activated on site by mixing a small volume of concentrated hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid present i ... | 2017 | 27866475 |
| detection of clostridium difficile in feces of asymptomatic patients admitted to the hospital. | recent evidence shows that patients asymptomatically colonized with clostridium difficile may contribute to the transmission of c. difficile in health care facilities. additionally, these patients may have a higher risk of developing c. difficile infection. the aim of this study was to compare a commercially available pcr directed to both toxin a and b (artus c. difficile qs-rgq kit ce; qiagen), an enzyme-linked fluorescent assay to glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh elfa) (vidas, biomérieux), and an ... | 2017 | 27852676 |
| fecal calprotectin level reflects the severity of clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is a significant nosocomial and community-acquired pathogen, and is the leading cause of antibiotic-induced diarrhea associated with high morbidity and mortality. given that the treatment outcome depends on the severity of c. difficile infection (cdi), we aimed to establish an efficient method of assessing severity, and focused on the stool biomarker fecal calprotectin (fc). fc directly reflects the intestinal inflammation status of a patient, and can aid in interpreting th ... | 2017 | 27834066 |
| evaluation of the xtag gastrointestinal pathogen panel assay for the detection of enteric pathogens in kuwait. | to evaluate the utility of the luminex xtag gastrointestinal pathogen panel (gpp) assay in the detection of enteric pathogens from diarrheal stool samples in kuwait. | 2017 | 27322647 |
| clinical characteristics of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea among patients in a tertiary care center in china. | this study investigated the incidence, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) in chinese patients. | 2017 | 27375724 |
| extended-spectrum β-lactam resistance in the enteric flora of patients at a tertiary care medical centre. | the dissemination of enterobacteriaceae expressing resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, which are therapeutically used in both human and veterinary medicine, is of critical concern. the normal commensal flora of food animals may serve as an important reservoir for the zoonotic food-borne transmission of enterobacteriaceae harbouring β-lactam resistance. we hypothesized that the predominant ampc and esbl genes reported in us livestock and fresh retail meat products, blacmy-2 and blactx ... | 2017 | 27486061 |
| towards an automated analysis of bacterial peptidoglycan structure. | peptidoglycan (pg) is an essential component of the bacterial cell envelope. this macromolecule consists of glycan chains alternating n-acetylglucosamine and n-acetylmuramic acid, cross-linked by short peptides containing nonstandard amino acids. structural analysis of pg usually involves enzymatic digestion of glycan strands and separation of disaccharide peptides by reversed-phase hplc followed by collection of individual peaks for maldi-tof and/or tandem mass spectrometry. here, we report a n ... | 2017 | 27520322 |
| analysis of risk factors and clinical manifestations associated with clostridium difficile disease in serbian hospitalized patients. | clostridium difficile is the leading cause of infectious diarrhoea in hospitalized patients. the aim of this study was to determine the risk factors important for the development of hospital-acquired clostridium difficile-associated disease and clinical manifestations of clostridium difficile-associated disease. the clinical trial group included 37 hospitalized patients who were selected according to the inclusion criteria. a control group of 74 hospitalized patients was individually matched wit ... | 2017 | 27528082 |
| a phenotypically silent vanb2 operon carried on a tn1549-like element in clostridium difficile. | in the last decade, clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has reached an epidemic state with increasing incidence and severity in both health care and community settings. vancomycin is an important first-line therapy for cdi, and the emergence of resistance would have significant clinical consequences. in this study, we describe for the first time a vanb2 vancomycin resistance operon in c. difficile, isolated from an australian veal calf at slaughter. the operon was carried on an ~42-kb element ... | 2017 | 27536735 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of brazilian clostridium difficile strains determined by agar dilution and disk diffusion. | clostridium difficile is a leading cause of diarrhea in hospitalized patients worldwide. while metronidazole and vancomycin are the most prescribed antibiotics for the treatment of this infection, teicoplanin, tigecycline and nitazoxanide are alternatives drugs. knowledge on the antibiotic susceptibility profiles is a basic step to differentiate recurrence from treatment failure due to antimicrobial resistance. because c. difficile antimicrobial susceptibility is largely unknown in brazil, we ai ... | 2017 | 27542867 |
| diagnosis and outcome of clostridium difficile infection by toxin enzyme immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction in an island population. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a potentially life-threatening cause of diarrhea. correct laboratory diagnosis is essential to differentiate cdi from other causes of diarrhea. a positive fecal c. difficile toxin (cdt) is the best indicator of cdi, but the significance of a positive fecal nucleic acid amplification test (naat) remains unclear. our aim was to elucidate the significance of cdi diagnostics in patients in jersey. | 2017 | 27505006 |
| mathematical modeling of the transmission dynamics of clostridium difficile infection and colonization in healthcare settings: a systematic review. | we conducted a systematic review of mathematical models of transmission dynamic of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in healthcare settings, to provide an overview of existing models and their assessment of different cdi control strategies. | 2017 | 27690247 |
| short- and long-term effects of oral vancomycin on the human intestinal microbiota. | oral vancomycin remains the mainstay of therapy for severe infections produced by clostridium difficile, the most prevalent cause of healthcare-associated infectious diarrhoea in developed countries. however, its short- and long-term effects on the human intestinal microbiota remain largely unknown. | 2017 | 27707993 |
| impact of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation for no-touch terminal room disinfection on clostridium difficile infection incidence among hematology-oncology patients. | objective to evaluate the impact of no-touch terminal room no-touch disinfection using ultraviolet wavelength c germicidal irradiation (uvgi) on c. difficile infection (cdi) rates on inpatient units with persistently high rates of cdi despite infection control measures. design interrupted time-series analysis with a comparison arm. setting 3 adult hematology-oncology units in a large, tertiary-care hospital. methods we conducted a 12-month prospective valuation of uvgi. rooms of patients with cd ... | 2017 | 27707423 |
| the efficacy of fidaxomicin in the treatment of clostridium difficile infection in a real-world clinical setting: a spanish multi-centre retrospective cohort. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fidaxomicin in the real-life clinical setting. this was a retrospective cohort of patients with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) treated with fidaxomicin in 20 spanish hospitals between july 2013 and july 2014. clinical cure, 30-day recurrence, 30-day mortality, sustained cure, and factors associated with the failure to achieve sustained cure were analyzed. of the 72 patients in the cohort 41 (56.9 %) had a fatal underly ... | 2017 | 27718071 |
| clostridium difficile infection in dialysis patients. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea. patients with end-stage renal disease (esrd) may be at increased risk for cdi. patients with esrd with cdi have increased mortality, longer length of stay, and higher costs. the present studies extend these observations and address associated comorbidities, incidence of recurrence, and risk factors for mortality. we queried the united states renal data system (usrds) for patients with esrd diagnosed with cdi, ... | 2017 | 27737913 |
| utilization of health services among adults with recurrent clostridium difficile infection: a 12-year population-based study. | background considerable efforts have been dedicated to developing strategies to prevent and treat recurrent clostridium difficile infection (rcdi); however, evidence of the impact of rcdi on patient healthcare utilization and outcomes is limited. objective to compare healthcare utilization and 1-year mortality among adults who had rcdi, nonrecurrent cdi, or no cdi. methods we performed a nested case-control study among adult kaiser foundation health plan members from september 1, 2001, through d ... | 2017 | 27760583 |
| an antimicrobial stewardship program based on systematic infectious disease consultation in a rehabilitation facility. | objective to assess the impact of an antimicrobial stewardship program (asp) on antibiotic consumption, clostridium difficile infections (cdi), and antimicrobial resistance patterns in a rehabilitation hospital. design quasi-experimental study of the periods before (from january 2011 to june 2012) and after (from july 2012 to december 2014) asp implementation. setting 150-bed rehabilitation hospital dedicated to patients with spinal-cord injuries. intervention beginning in july 2012, an asp was ... | 2017 | 27745559 |
| failure of risk-adjustment by test method for c. difficile laboratory-identified event reporting. | using an algorithm including both enzyme immunoassay (eia) and nucleic acid amplification (naat) for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) diagnosis, we found that the use of naat versus eia almost doubled our hospital-onset cdi laboratory-identified (labid) event standardized infection ratio (sir). we recommend that the current risk adjustment approach be modified. infect control hosp epidemiol 2016:1-3. | 2017 | 27745553 |
| fear of failure: engaging patients in antimicrobial stewardship after fecal transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 27766987 | |
| determining the cause of recurrent clostridium difficile infection using whole genome sequencing. | understanding the contribution of relapse and reinfection to recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has implications for therapy and infection prevention, respectively. we used whole genome sequencing to determine the relation of c. difficile strains isolated from patients with recurrent cdi at an academic medical center in the united states. thirty-five toxigenic c. difficile isolates from 16 patients with 19 recurrent cdi episodes with median time of 53.5days (range, 13-362) between e ... | 2017 | 27771207 |
| asymptomatic clostridium difficile colonization in two australian tertiary hospitals, 2012-2014: prospective, repeated cross-sectional study. | to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for asymptomatic toxigenic (tcd) and nontoxigenic clostridium difficile (ntcd) colonization in a broad cross section of the general hospital population over a 3-year period. | 2017 | 27615716 |
| a descriptive case study of the changing nature of nurses' work: the impact of managing infectious diseases requiring isolation. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and clostridium difficile have increased in health care facilities worldwide. the complexity of caring for patients with infectious comorbidities has impacted nurses' daily work. a mixed-methods study at 1 community hospital in ontario, canada, demonstrated the cumulative effect of additional time spent on infection prevention and control measures resulted in trade-offs, cutting corners, and raised concerns about the ... | 2017 | 27776824 |
| clostridium difficile infection due to pneumonia treatment: mortality risk models. | one of the most common gastrointestinal infection after the antibiotic treatment of community or nosocomial pneumonia is caused by the anaerobic spore clostridium difficile (c. difficile). the aim of this study was to retrospectively assess mortality due to c. difficile infection (cdi) in patients treated for pneumonia. we identified 94 cases of post-pneumonia cdi out of the 217 patients with cdi. the mortality issue was addressed by creating a mortality risk models using logistic regression and ... | 2017 | 27815923 |
| dissemination of clostridium difficile in food and the environment: significant sources of c. difficile community-acquired infection? | clostridium difficile is a significant pathogen with over 300 000 cases reported in north america annually. previously, it was thought that c. difficile was primarily a clinically associated infection. however, through the use of whole genome sequencing it has been revealed that the majority of cases are community acquired. the source of community-acquired c. difficile infections (cdi) is open to debate with foodborne being one route considered. clostridium difficile fits the criteria of a foodb ... | 2017 | 27813268 |
| insight into the 3d structure and substrate specificity of previously uncharacterized gnat superfamily acetyltransferases from pathogenic bacteria. | members of the gcn5-related n-acetyltransferase (gnat) superfamily catalyze the acetylation of a wide range of small molecule and protein substrates. due to their abundance in all kingdoms of life and diversity of their functions, they are implicated in many aspects of eukaryotic and prokaryotic physiology. although numerous gnats have been identified thus far, many remain structurally and functionally uncharacterized. the elucidation of their structures and functions is critical for broadening ... | 2017 | 27783928 |
| mechanisms for floor surfaces or environmental ground contamination to cause human infection: a systematic review. | shoe soles have been shown to transfer infectious microorganisms to floor and ground surfaces. however, the possible modes of transmission of infectious agents from floors or ground surfaces to human contact for infection have not been systematically reviewed. a systematic review was performed on articles indexed in medical databases (medline, embase, pubmed) using a pre-defined search strategy and mesh terms (date of last search: 15 march 2016). only primary research studies in english that inv ... | 2017 | 27780492 |
| a population-based longitudinal study of clostridium difficile infection-related hospitalization in mid-age and older australians. | clostridium difficile is the principal cause of infectious diarrhoea in hospitalized patients. we investigated the incidence and risk factors for hospitalization due to c. difficile infection (cdi) in older australians. we linked data from a population-based prospective cohort study (the 45 and up study) of 266 922 adults aged ⩾45 years recruited in new south wales, australia to hospitalization and death records for 2006-2012. we estimated the incidence of cdi hospitalization and calculated days ... | 2017 | 27780483 |
| body mass index greater than 35 is associated with severe clostridium difficile infection. | obesity has been implicated in the acquisition of clostridium difficile infections (cdi), however, no study has investigated whether there is a correlation between body mass index (bmi) and cdi severity. | 2017 | 27790736 |
| understanding risk perceptions and responses of the public and health care professionals toward clostridium difficile: a qualitative interpretive description study. | the occurrence of clostridium difficile infection is a major health-related risk. how the public and health care professionals perceive and respond to a health-related risk is shaped by socially and contextually structured evaluations and interpretations. risk perceptions and responses are context dependent and therefore need to be understood within the context in which they are perceived and experienced. | 2017 | 27789069 |
| electronic clostridium difficile infection bundle reduces time to initiation of contact precautions. | the impact of computerized order-entry bundles on timing of contact precaution initiation for c. difficile infection (cdi) remains largely unexplored. implementation of an electronic cdi prevention and management bundle that included an automatic isolation component significantly reduced time to initiation of contact precautions from 33.7 to 22.4 hours. infect control hosp epidemiol 2016;242-244. | 2017 | 27821198 |
| clostridium difficile infection in cancer patients. | 2017 | 27817939 | |
| a comprehensive study of costs associated with recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | background clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the most common healthcare-associated infection and is associated with considerable morbidity. recurrent cdi is a key contributing factor to this morbidity. despite an estimated 83,000 recurrences annually in the united states, there are few accurate estimates of costs associated with recurrent cdi. objective we performed this study (1) to identify the health consequences of recurrent cdi including need for repeat hospitalization, intensive car ... | 2017 | 27817758 |
| clinical use comparison of a semiautomated pcr with fluorescent ribotyping for typing of clostridium difficile. | molecular typing of clostridium difficile is performed to assess strain relatedness or place strains within an epidemiological context. different c. difficile ribotyping systems are available. however, a common strain library does not exist. we aimed to compare ribotyping results of 29 clinical c. difficile isolates by two methods: semiautomated pcr-ribotyping and fluorescent pcr-ribotyping. for certain ribotypes (n = 16/29; 55.2 %), the inter-laboratory reproducibility was consistent among mult ... | 2017 | 27730251 |
| toxin a-negative toxin b-positive ribotype 017 clostridium difficile is the dominant strain type in patients with diarrhoea attending tuberculosis hospitals in cape town, south africa. | the molecular epidemiology of c. difficile strains causing disease in south africa is currently unknown. previously, multidrug resistant ribotype (rt)017 strains were those most commonly isolated from patients with diarrhoea attending groote schuur hospital in cape town, south africa. this larger study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of c. difficile strains in the greater cape town and regional areas. c. difficile strains were isolated from ... | 2017 | 27696234 |
| clostridium difficile infection in children: epidemiology and risk of recurrence in a low-prevalence country. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is increasingly found in children worldwide, but limited data are available from children living in southern europe. a 6-year retrospective study was performed to investigate the epidemiology, clinical features, treatment, and risk of recurrence in italy. data of children with community- and hospital-acquired cdi (ca-cdi and ha-cdi, respectively) seen at seven pediatric referral centers in italy were recorded retrospectively. annual infection rates/10,000 ho ... | 2017 | 27696233 |
| role of cephalosporins in the era of clostridium difficile infection. | the incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in europe has increased markedly since 2000. previous meta-analyses have suggested a strong association between cephalosporin use and cdi, and many national programmes on cdi control have focused on reducing cephalosporin usage. despite reductions in cephalosporin use, however, rates of cdi have continued to rise. this review examines the potential association of cdi with cephalosporins, and considers other factors that influence cdi risk. e ... | 2017 | 27659735 |
| evaluation of the performance of c. diff quik chek complete and its usefulness in a hospital setting with a high prevalence of clostridium difficile infection. | rapid and accurate diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is crucial for patient care, infection control, and efficient surveillance. we evaluated c. diff quik chek complete (qcc; techlab), which detects glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) antigen (qcc-ag) and toxin a/b (qcc-tox) simultaneously, and compared it to the laboratory diagnostics for cdi currently in use in a tertiary hospital setting with a high prevalence of cdi. qcc, ridascreen c. difficile toxin a/b assay (toxin eia; r-bioph ... | 2017 | 27625418 |
| infective thoracic aortic aneurysm caused by clostridium difficile after endovascular aortic repair. | clostridium difficile generally causes enterocolitis by producing pathogenic toxins, while extraintestinal infections with c. difficile are extremely rare. here we report the first documented case of an infective thoracic aortic aneurysm caused by nontoxic c. difficile that occurred after vascular interventions including endovascular aortic repair. the present case illustrates that endovascular interventions may expose patients to the rare infection by yielding the ischemic intestinal tract as a ... | 2017 | 27578027 |
| coordination between t helper cells, inkt cells, and their follicular helper subsets in the humoral immune response against clostridium difficile toxin b. | activation of inkt cells with the cd1d-binding glycolipid adjuvant α-galactosylceramide (α-gc) enhances humoral immunity specific for coadministered t-dependent ag. however, the relationship between the inkt cell and the classic t helper (th) or t follicular helper (tfh) function following this immunization modality remains unclear. we show that immunization with the c-terminal domain (ctd) of clostridium difficile toxin b (tcdb), accompanied by activation of inkt cells with α-gc, led to enhance ... | 2017 | 27566831 |
| performance of the artus c. difficile qs-rgq kit for the detection of toxigenic clostridium difficile. | nucleic acid amplification tests are commonly used for the direct detection of toxigenic clostridium difficile. we evaluated the diagnostic performance of newly launched, artus c. difficile qs-rgq kit (artus c. difficile, qiagen, hilden, germany), in comparison with toxigenic culture (tc) and xpert c. difficile (cepheid, sunnyvale, ca, usa). | 2017 | 27556286 |
| any future for fecal microbiota transplantation as treatment strategy for inflammatory bowel diseases? | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is a novel therapeutic procedure aiming at restoring a normal intestinal microbiota by application of fecal microorganisms from a healthy subject into the gastrointestinal tract of a patient. fmt is the most effective treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile infections (cdi). these infections also occur in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (ibds), where case series demonstrated a successful treatment of cdi by fmt in 83-92% of patients. the eff ... | 2017 | 27548724 |
| thrombocytopenia in hospitalized patients with severe clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a common cause of nosocomial diarrhea and colitis. the incidence and prognostic significance of thrombocytopenia as related to mode of acquisition (hospital vs. community), nap1/027 strain, and disease severity has not been examined. we performed a single-institution retrospective analysis of all adult inpatients from 2013 to 2014 diagnosed with cdi during their hospitalization to document the incidence/prevalence of thrombocytopenia and associated outcom ... | 2017 | 27614757 |
| in-use evaluation of peracetic acid for high-level disinfection of endoscopes. | many high-level disinfectants have been used for disinfection of endoscopes such as 2% glutaraldehyde (ga), 0.55% ortho-phthalaldehyde (opa), and peracetic acid (paa). both ga and opa are widely used in disinfection of endoscopes and have been previously discussed, but there is little research on the practical use of paa as an endoscope disinfectant. an experimental model of a flexible gastrointestinal endoscope being contaminated with 9 strains of microorganism was designed. after the cleaning ... | 2017 | 27070796 |
| antibiotic prophylaxis for subdural and subgaleal drains. | objective the authors sought to determine the effects of eliminating the use of prolonged prophylactic systemic antibiotics (ppsas) in patients with subdural and subgaleal drains. methods using a retrospective database, the authors collected data for patients over the age of 17 years who had undergone cranial surgery at their institution between december 2013 and july 2014 (ppsas period) or between december 2014 and july 2015 (non-ppsas period) and had subdural or subgaleal drains left in place ... | 2017 | 27257843 |
| chlorhexidine bathing effects on health-care-associated infections. | health-care-associated infections (hais), infections that patients contract during the course of their hospitalization, are receiving a growing amount of attention. heavy skin bacterial colonization aids in the transmission and development of hais. nurses frequently use bathing with chlorhexidine gluconate (chg) to reduce patients' cutaneous microbial burden. this intervention has been shown to have promising but mixed results in the prevention of hais. | 2017 | 27306279 |
| incidence and outcome of clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease in the uk. | previous studies have reported that clostridium difficile infection [cdi] is more common, and has a worse outcome, in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [ibd] than in those without. we have now reassessed the incidence and outcome of cdi in in-patients with and without ibd, and the outcomes of admissions for ibd patients with and without cdi. | 2017 | 27302972 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of clostridium difficile isolates from family dairy farms. | a significant risk factor for developing clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in humans and animals is associated with the antimicrobial use. it has often been hypothesized that farm animals could be the source for human infection with clostridium difficile (cd). in the european union, family-run dairy farms are the predominant farming model, which are more interlinked within the community compared to large-scale intensive dairy or beef farms. therefore, it is important to investigate antimicro ... | 2017 | 27484050 |
| identification of signet ring cell change in colonic subserosa in the setting of clostridium difficile colitis. | signet ring cell change of intestinal epithelial cells is a rare but well-known mimicker of signet ring cell carcinoma and is often associated with ischemic and/or pseudomembranous colitis. instead, signet ring cell change involving nonepithelial cells in the subserosa of the intestine is an extremely rare finding with only a single case report in the literature to date. we report a new case of benign signet ring cell change localized in the subserosa of the large bowel incidentally identified i ... | 2017 | 27562801 |
| characteristics of the clostridium difficile cell envelope and its importance in therapeutics. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a challenging threat to human health. infections occur after disruption of the normal microbiota, most commonly through the use of antibiotics. current treatment for cdi largely relies on the broad-spectrum antibiotics vancomycin and metronidazole that further disrupt the microbiota resulting in frequent recurrence, highlighting the need for c. difficile-specific antimicrobials. the cell surface of c. difficile represents a promising target for the develo ... | 2017 | 27311697 |
| fecal transplantation - the new, inexpensive, safe, and rapidly effective approach in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract diseases. | introduction. fecal transplantation was shown to effectively reduce the reoccurrence in patients with refractory clostridium difficile infection. new data suggest that fecal transplantation could also be efficient in other gastrointestinal diseases, for instance in inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, but, there are also some data that could imply the efficacy outside the gastrointestinal tract. fecal transplantation should be considered a unique agent, capable of treating sever ... | 2017 | 27453747 |