Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| emergence of ctx-m-type beta-lactam resistance in shigella spp. in hong kong. | 2005 | 15784319 | |
| viability of escherichia coli topa mutants lacking dna topoisomerase i. | the viability of the topa mutants lacking dna topoisomerase i was thought to depend on the presence of compensatory mutations in escherichia coli but not salmonella typhimurium or shigella flexneri. this apparent discrepancy in topa requirements in different bacteria prompted us to reexamine the topa requirements in e. coli. we find that e. coli strains bearing topa mutations, introduced into the strains by dna-mediated gene replacement, are viable at 37 or 42 degrees c without any compensatory ... | 2005 | 15522872 |
| campylobacter species and drug resistance in a north indian rural community. | campylobacter species are known as agents of enteritis worldwide. however, rural community-based studies on campylobacter infections are lacking. we carried out a prospective case-control study from july to december 2002 to investigate the prevalence and socio-epidemiological determinants of campylobacter infection in a rural community in north india and the drug resistance of campylobacter strains isolated from the community. stool specimens from 348 subjects with diarrhoea and 351 age- and gen ... | 2005 | 15653123 |
| the generalized transducing salmonella bacteriophage es18: complete genome sequence and dna packaging strategy. | the generalized transducing double-stranded dna bacteriophage es18 has an icosahedral head and a long noncontractile tail, and it infects both rough and smooth salmonella enterica strains. we report here the complete 46,900-bp genome nucleotide sequence and provide an analysis of the sequence. its 79 genes and their organization clearly show that es18 is a member of the lambda-like (lambdoid) phage group; however, it contains a novel set of genes that program assembly of the virion head. most of ... | 2005 | 15659686 |
| a novel intranasal protollin-based measles vaccine induces mucosal and systemic neutralizing antibody responses and cell-mediated immunity in mice. | protollin-mv is a vaccine produced by mixing split measles virus (mv) antigen with the novel adjuvant protollin (neisseria meningitidis outer membrane proteins non-covalently complexed with shigella flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide). intranasal immunization of mice with two or three doses of protollin-mv induces both serum igg and mucosal iga with strong neutralizing activity. there is a dose-dependent shift towards lower igg1:igg2a ratios and mv-specific ifngamma production in splenocytes. intran ... | 2005 | 15661386 |
| inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 in simulated human gastric fluid. | human disease caused by escherichia coli o157:h7 is a function of the number of cells that are present at potential sites of infection and host susceptibility. such infectious doses are a result, in part, of the quantity of cells that are ingested and that survive human host defenses, such as the low-ph environment of the stomach. to more fully understand the kinetics of e. coli o157:h7 survival in gastric fluid, individual e. coli o157:h7 strains were suspended in various media (i.e., saline, c ... | 2005 | 15640204 |
| arrayome: a program for estimating the sizes of microarray-visualized bacterial genomes. | arrayome is a new program that calculates the size of genomes represented by microarray-based probes and facilitates recognition of key bacterial strains carrying large numbers of novel genes. protein-coding sequences (cds) that are contiguous on annotated reference templates and classified as 'present' in the test strain by hybridization to microarrays are merged into ics (ics). these ics are then extended to account for flanking intergenic sequences. finally, the lengths of all extended ics ar ... | 2005 | 15640440 |
| crystal structure of the copper homeostasis protein (cutcm) from shigella flexneri at 1.7 a resolution: the first structure of a new sequence family of tim barrels. | 2005 | 15624211 | |
| evolutionary genetics of a new pathogenic escherichia species: escherichia albertii and related shigella boydii strains. | a bacterium originally described as hafnia alvei induces diarrhea in rabbits and causes epithelial damage similar to the attachment and effacement associated with enteropathogenic escherichia coli. subsequent studies identified similar h. alvei-like strains that are positive for an intimin gene (eae) probe and, based on dna relatedness, are classified as a distinct escherichia species, escherichia albertii. we determined sequences for multiple housekeeping genes in five e. albertii strains and c ... | 2005 | 15629933 |
| structural and genetic characterization of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o145 o antigen and development of an o145 serogroup-specific pcr assay. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o145 strains are emerging as causes of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. in this study, we present the structure of the e. coli o145 o antigen and the sequence of its gene cluster. the o145 antigen has repeat units containing three monosaccharide residues: 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose (glcnac), 2-acetamidoylamino-2,6-dideoxy-l-galactose, and n-acetylneuraminic acid. it is very closely related to salmonella enterica serovar touera and s. enteri ... | 2005 | 15629947 |
| bacteria spurned by self-absorbed cells. | 2005 | 15635436 | |
| intravenous infection of virulent shigellae causes fulminant hepatitis in mice. | shigella spp. are pathogenic bacteria responsible for bacillary dysentery in humans. the major lesions in colonic mucosa are intense inflammation with apoptosis of macrophages and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. the study of shigellosis is hindered by the natural resistance of rodents to oral infection with shigella. therefore, animal models exploit other routes of infection. here, we describe a novel murine model in which animals receive shigellae via the caudal vein. mice infected with ... | 2005 | 15617528 |
| transcriptional adaptation of shigella flexneri during infection of macrophages and epithelial cells: insights into the strategies of a cytosolic bacterial pathogen. | shigella flexneri, the etiologic agent of bacillary dysentery, invades epithelial cells as well as macrophages and dendritic cells and escapes into the cytosol soon after invasion. dissection of the global gene expression profile of the bacterium in its intracellular niche is essential to fully understand the biology of shigella infection. we have determined the complete gene expression profiles for s. flexneri infecting human epithelial hela cells and human macrophage-like u937 cells. approxima ... | 2005 | 15618144 |
| construction and characterization of bivalent shigella flexneri 2a vaccine strains sc608(pcfai) and sc608(pcfai/ltb) that express antigens from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | an invasive strain of shigella flexneri 2a (sc608) has been developed as a vector for the expression and delivery of heterologous antigens. sc608 is an aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (asd) derivative of sc602 (icsa iuc), a well-characterized live attenuated vaccine strain which has undergone several clinical trials in human volunteers. when administered orally at a single 10(4) (cfu) dose, sc602 is both immunogenic and efficacious against shigellosis. using asd-based plasmid vectors, we de ... | 2005 | 15618162 |
| virulent shigella flexneri causes damage to mitochondria and triggers necrosis in infected human monocyte-derived macrophages. | shigella flexneri is a gram-negative bacterium that causes bacillary dysentery in humans that is characterized by an acute inflammatory response of the colon. the fate of phagocytes that are infected in vitro with virulent shigella has been the subject of some investigation and debate. in this study we found that virulent shigella caused a rapid increase in the cell membrane permeability of infected human monocyte-derived macrophages (hmdm) but not in the cell membrane permeability of monocytes, ... | 2005 | 15618190 |
| reactive arthritis attributable to shigella infection: a clinical and epidemiological nationwide study. | to study the incidence and clinical picture of shigella associated reactive arthritis (rea) and the arthritogenicity of various shigella species in the population. | 2005 | 15550534 |
| a sensor of the two-component system cpxa affects expression of the type iii secretion system through posttranscriptional processing of inve. | the chief function of the cpx two-component system is perceiving various cell envelope stresses, but cpxr is also known to regulate the expression of the type iii secretion system (ttss) of shigella sonnei through transcription of the primary regulator virf. here, we have isolated novel cpxa mutants that exhibited decreased ttss expression from escherichia coli hw1273, which carries the virulence plasmid of s. sonnei. the cpxa deletion strain of hw1273 expressed beta-galactosidase activity level ... | 2005 | 15601694 |
| trends in shigella outbreaks in the israeli military over 15 years. | 2005 | 15578249 | |
| quantitative analyses of pollution-indicator and pathogenic bacteria in mumbai waters from ballast water exchange perspective. | as large numbers of ships either take in ballast from or discharge their ballast into the mumbai harbor region, it is pertinent to quantify microorganisms of health concerns and suggest on the suitability of water for ballasting purposes. to meet with this main aim, a selected set of general and pathogenic bacterial groups and their seasonal variations were studied from the mumbai harbor area. sampling was carried out during postmonsoon (november 2001), pre-monsoon (april 2002) and monsoon (octo ... | 2005 | 15931993 |
| complete genome sequence of phihsic, a pseudotemperate marine phage of listonella pelagia. | the genome for the marine pseudotemperate member of the siphoviridae phihsic has been sequenced using a combination of linker amplification library construction, restriction digest library construction, and primer walking. phihsic enters into a pseudolysogenic relationship with its host, listonella pelagia, characterized by sigmoidal growth curves producing >10(9) cells/ml and >10(11) phage/ml. the genome (37,966 bp; g+c content, 44%) contained 47 putative open reading frames (orfs), 17 of which ... | 2005 | 15933034 |
| antimicrobial-resistant shigella sonnei: limited antimicrobial treatment options for children and challenges of interpreting in vitro azithromycin susceptibility. | antimicrobial-resistant shigella sonnei is a growing problem in the united states and poses treatment challenges particularly among children. azithromycin is recommended as an alternative oral agent for shigellosis. | 2005 | 15933557 |
| evolutionary changes of the flhdc flagellar master operon in shigella strains. | shigella strains are nonmotile. the master operon of flagellar synthesis, flhdc, was analyzed for genetic damage in 46 shigella strains representing all known serotypes. in 11 strains (b1, b3, b6, b8, b10, b18, d5, f1b, d10, f3a, and f3c) the flhdc operon was completely deleted. pcr and sequence analysis of the flhdc region of the remaining 35 strains revealed many insertions or deletions associated with insertion sequences, and the majority of the strains were found to be defective in their flh ... | 2005 | 15937193 |
| mucosal lymphoid infiltrate dominates colonic pathological changes in murine experimental shigellosis. | shigella species are invasive human pathogens that cause acute rectocolitis by triggering a dysregulated inflammatory reaction in the colonic and rectal mucosa. because mice are naturally resistant to shigellosis, there is no mouse model that mimics human disease. we explore the susceptibility of intestinal flora-depleted mice to shigellosis after intragastric infection with shigella strains. | 2005 | 15942903 |
| phosphotidylinositol-3 kinase-mediated signals in mice immunized with the 57 kda major antigenic outer-membrane protein of shigella dysenteriae type 1. | antigen-specific t-cell signalling via t-cell antigen receptor stimulation was carried out in balb/c mice immunized with the 57 kda major antigenic component of shigella dysenteriae 1 outer-membrane proteins. in presence of anti-cd3, the 57 kda antigen was found to increase the level of il-2 significantly instead of il-4. il-2 production in t cells was consistent with an increase in intracellular free ca(2+) [(ca(2+))i] concentration. the antigen-specific modulation was observed during t-cell si ... | 2005 | 15947427 |
| epidemiological and microbiological aspects of acute bacterial diarrhea in children from salvador, bahia, brazil. | in the few cases of acute childhood diarrhea that require antimicrobial therapy, the correct choice of the drug depends on detailed previous knowledge of local strains. in order to establish such parameters in our city, we reviewed the results of all 260 positive stool cultures of children between 0 and 15 years of age during two years at a pediatric tertiary care facility in salvador, brazil. bacterial strains had been presumptively identified by culturing in selective media and by biochemical ... | 2005 | 15947851 |
| construction of a novel shigella live-vector strain co-expressing cs3 and ltb/stm of enterotoxigenic e.coli. | to construct and evaluate a polyvalent recombinant vaccine strain shigella flexneri 2a t32 against enterotoxigenic e.coli (etec). | 2005 | 15948247 |
| expanding the bactericidal action of the food color additive phloxine b to gram-negative bacteria. | phloxine b (d&c red no. 28) is a color additive for food, drugs, and cosmetics. it has been previously shown to have anti-staphylococcus aureus activities. in this work, the effect of phloxine b on various gram-negative bacteria and other gram-positive bacteria including bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, bacillus subtilis, bacillus aureus, salmonella, escherichia coli and shigella was studied, along with the mechanism of anti-microbial activity. in the presence of fluor ... | 2005 | 15949926 |
| epidemic strain shigella dysenteriae type 1 dt66 encodes several drug resistances by chromosome. | multiple antibiotic-resistant strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1 were isolated from an epidemic in west bengal, india (1984). during the past two decades, much attention was given to reevaluation of treatment recommendations. however, there are no useful data on drug resistance encoded by chromosome. | 2005 | 15950082 |
| shigella effector ipah9.8 binds to a splicing factor u2af(35) to modulate host immune responses. | shigella effectors injected into the host cell via the type iii secretion system are involved in various aspects of infection. here, we show that one of the effectors, ipah9.8, plays a role in modulating inflammatory responses to shigella infection. in murine lung infection model, deltaipah9.8 mutant caused more severe inflammatory responses with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production levels than did wild-type shigella, which resulted in a 30-fold decrease in bacterial colonization. bind ... | 2005 | 15950937 |
| traveler's diarrhea. | acute diarrhea affects millions of persons who travel to developing countries each year. food and water contaminated with fecal matter are the main sources of infection. bacteria such as enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, enteroaggregative e. coli, campylobacter, salmonella, and shigella are common causes of traveler's diarrhea. parasites and viruses are less common etiologies. travel destination is the most significant risk factor for traveler's diarrhea. the efficacy of pretravel counseling and ... | 2005 | 15952437 |
| interferon gamma induces translocation of commensal escherichia coli across gut epithelial cells via a lipid raft-mediated process. | the "leaky gut" hypothesis proposes that leakage of enteric bacteria into the body resulting from disruption of the epithelial barrier is a critical step in the pathophysiology of various disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease and sepsis. however, the pathways and underlying mechanisms by which commensal bacteria cross the epithelial barrier in inflammatory conditions remain unclear. this study investigated the mechanisms of interferon gamma-mediated bacterial translocation across human co ... | 2005 | 15887109 |
| antagonistic activity of a natural fungal population towards pathogenic bacteria. an in vitro study. | in the present work, we performed in vitro testing of 33 species of fungi of the subdivision deuteromycotina isolated from water and sediment of the kolubara river for antagonistic action towards 11 species of pathogenic bacteria. of gram-negative bacteria, the species most sensitive to metabolic fluid of the fungi were proteus mirabilis, salmonella enteritidis, and shigella sonnei, while the most resistant were klebsiella pneumoniae and salmonella typhimurium. of gram-positive bacteria, the mos ... | 2005 | 15889346 |
| cytokine release induced by killed bacteria associated with anti-ifn-gamma antibody in shigella infection. | an effort was made to analyze the effect of in vitro stimulation on macrophages using killed shigella dysenteriae type-1 (ksd1) coupled with anti-interferon gamma (anti-ifn-gamma) antibody. the stimulated macrophages were co-cultured with primed or non-primed t-cells from shigella infected patients. t-cell cultures were also established by co-culturing ksd1 coupled with or without pha stimulated macrophages. emulsified ksd1 coupled with anti-ifn-gamma antibody was found to act as a potent immuno ... | 2005 | 15894487 |
| antibacterial activity of the essential oil from cymbopogon nervatus inflorescence. | antibacterial activity of essential oil of dried inflorescence of cymbopogon nervatus was investigated. the essential oil remarkably inhibited the growth of tested bacteria except for salmonella typhi. the maximum activity was against shigella dysenteriae and klebsiella pneumoniae. | 2005 | 15896926 |
| a gene encoding l-methionine gamma-lyase is present in enterobacteriaceae family genomes: identification and characterization of citrobacter freundii l-methionine gamma-lyase. | citrobacter freundii cells produce l-methionine gamma-lyase when grown on a medium containing l-methionine. the nucleotide sequence of the hybrid plasmid with a c. freundii ecori insert of about 3.0 kbp contained two open reading frames, consisting of 1,194 nucleotides and 1,296 nucleotides, respectively. the first one (denoted megl) encoded l-methionine gamma-lyase. the enzyme was overexpressed in escherichia coli and purified. the second frame encoded a protein belonging to the family of perme ... | 2005 | 15901718 |
| antidiarrhoeal activity of the methanol extract of the barks of xylocarpus moluccensis in castor oil- and magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhoea models in mice. | the methanol (meoh) extract of the barks of xylocarpus moluccensis, and different fractions of this extract were studied for antidiarrhoeal activity using castor oil- and magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhoea models in mice. at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg, the meoh extract showed significant antidiarrhoeal activity in both models. the etoac fraction (eaf) and the residual meoh fraction (rmf) exhibited similar activity using a dose of 250 mg/kg in both models. no antidiarrhoeal activity was obs ... | 2005 | 15905054 |
| salmonellosis and the food chain in khon kaen, northeastern thailand. | non-typhoidal salmonellosis is a major cause of food-borne illness in thailand. specific serotyping of salmonellae, linked with certain foods, can be used to identify outbreaks, transmission, and for surveillance. we aimed to identify the chain of non-typhoidal salmonella transmission from food to humans in five slums, two open markets, four supermarkets and an abattoir in the municipality of khon kaen. during three months representing the cool-dry, hot-dry, and rainy seasons of 2002, culture sa ... | 2005 | 15906654 |
| cryptic plasmid prk2 from escherichia coli w: sequence analysis and segregational stability. | cryptic plasmid prk2 of the strain escherichia coli w (atcc 9637), an ancestor of production strains for penicillin g acylase, was sequenced and characterized. based on the data on replication region and origin (ori sequence aac, 924-926nt), the plasmid was classified as cole1-like plasmid. dna sequence analysis revealed five orfs hypothetical products of which shared a significant sequence similarity with putative proteins encoded by dna of plasmid pcole1. orf1 codes for protein rom involved in ... | 2005 | 15907542 |
| [bacterial colony as a complex community]. | information on the adaptive behavior of cells in the process of the formation of a colony by bacteria shigella flexneri rd, used as a model, was obtained with the use of light, transmission and scanning microscopy. the process of the formation of a microcolony was demonstrated; at the initial stages (8 hours) it included 3 groups of cells, and 24 hours later it exhibited sharply defined structurization. the conclusion was made on the possibility of the joint use of different methods of microscop ... | 2005 | 15881929 |
| [antibiotic resistance of shigellae and rationale for etiotropic therapy of shigella infections]. | the study was aimed at determining sensitivity of shigellae to antibacterial preparations and their clinical effectiveness for correcting recommendations on the empirical therapy of acute shigella infections (asi). the sensitivity of 164 s. flexneri strains and 80 s. sonnei strains, isolated in 1996-2003 in the sumy region, ukraine, was determined with respect to 19 antibacterial preparations: ampicillin (am), tetracycline (te), rifampicin (ri), chloramphenicol (ca), streptomycin (st), fusidin ( ... | 2005 | 15881945 |
| spatial distribution and functional significance of activated vinculin in living cells. | conformational change is believed to be important to vinculin's function at sites of cell adhesion. however, nothing is known about vinculin's conformation in living cells. using a forster resonance energy transfer probe that reports on changes in vinculin's conformation, we find that vinculin is in the actin-binding conformation in a peripheral band of adhesive puncta in spreading cells. however, in fully spread cells with established polarity, vinculin's conformation is variable at focal adhes ... | 2005 | 15883197 |
| molecular evolution of the lysine decarboxylase-defective phenotype in shigella sonnei. | shigella, the etiological agent of the bacillary dysentery, belongs to the extremely diverse species of escherichia coli. in the evolutionary route of shigella from commensal e. coli ancestors towards a pathogenic lifestyle, the critical events have been the acquisition of the pinv plasmid, through horizontal transfer and the inactivation of pre-existing genes. these so-called pathoadaptive mutations affect the expression of genes negatively interfering with the newly acquired functions necessar ... | 2005 | 15790294 |
| alteration in the gyra subunit of dna gyrase and the parc subunit of topoisomerase iv in quinolone-resistant shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 clinical isolates from kolkata, india. | 2005 | 15793166 | |
| surprising dependence on postsegregational killing of host cells for maintenance of the large virulence plasmid of shigella flexneri. | low-copy-number plasmids all encode multiple systems to ensure their propagation, including replication, partition (active segregation), and postsegregational killing (psk) systems. psk systems kill those rare cells that lose the plasmid due to replication or segregation errors. psk systems should not be used as the principle means of maintaining the plasmid. the metabolic cost of killing the many cured cells that would arise from random plasmid segregation is far too high. here we describe an i ... | 2005 | 15805523 |
| shigellosis: disease burden, epidemiology and case management. | 2005 | 15807074 | |
| [small treatise on art of warfare... from shigella]. | 2005 | 15811311 | |
| heterogeneity among strains of diffusely adherent escherichia coli isolated in brazil. | one hundred twelve diffusely adherent escherichia coli strains isolated from children in a case control study were evaluated for virulence-associated characteristics, serotyping, antibiotic resistance, and plasmid profiles. half of the strains hybridized with the probes for icua (aerobactin) and fimh (type 1 pili); daae (f1845 fimbriae), afa (afimbrial dr adhesin), agg-3a (aggregative adhesion fimbria type iii fimbriae), pap (p fimbriae), asta (east1 toxin), and shet1 (shigella enterotoxin 1) se ... | 2005 | 15815034 |
| fibrino-necrotic typhlitis caused by escherichia fergusonii in ostriches (struthio camelus). | two adult ostriches developed anorexia, prostration, and severe hemorrhagic diarrhea, dying 24 hr after the onset of clinical signs. on postmortem examination, the cecal mucosa showed locally extensive areas of hemorrhages and fibrino-necrotic typhlitis with a white-yellowish material covering the mucosal surface. multiple serosal petequial hemorrhages and fibrinous peritonitis were present. histologic examination revealed an intense mononuclear infiltration in the lamina propria and submucosa o ... | 2005 | 15839434 |
| modulation of host cytoskeleton function by the enteropathogenic escherichia coli and citrobacter rodentium effector protein espg. | espg is a conserved protein encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee) of attaching and effacing (a/e) pathogens, including enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and citrobacter rodentium. espg is delivered into infected host cells by a type iii secretion system. the role of espg in virulence has not yet been defined. here we describe experiments that probe the virulence characteristics and biological activities of espg in vitro and in vivo. a c. rodentium espg mutant ... | 2005 | 15845460 |
| ipgb1 is a novel shigella effector protein involved in bacterial invasion of host cells. its activity to promote membrane ruffling via rac1 and cdc42 activation. | shigella, the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, is capable of inducing the large scale membrane ruffling required for the bacterial invasion of host cells. shigella secrete a subset of effectors via the type iii secretion system (ttss) into the host cells to induce membrane ruffling. here, we show that ipgb1 is secreted via the ttss into epithelial cells and plays a major role in producing membrane ruffles via stimulation of rac1 and cdc42 activities, thus promoting bacterial invasion of e ... | 2005 | 15849186 |
| use of fatty acid profiles to identify food-borne bacterial pathogens and aerobic endospore-forming bacilli. | capillary gas chromatography (gc) with flame ionization detection was used to determine the cellular fatty acid profiles of various food-borne microbial pathogens and to compare the fatty acid profiles of spores and vegetative cells of the same endospore-forming bacilli. fifteen bacteria, representing eight genera (staphylococcus, listeria, bacillus, yersinia, salmonella, shigella, escherichia, and vibrio) and 11 species were used to compare the extracted fatty acid methyl esters (fames). endosp ... | 2005 | 15853428 |
| model for the combined effects of temperature, ph and sodium chloride concentration on survival of shigella flexneri strain 5348 under aerobic conditions. | shigella is recognized as a major foodborne pathogen; however, relatively few studies have been reported on its growth and survival characteristics, particularly under conditions relevant to food. a fractional factorial design was used to measure the effects and interactions of temperature (4-37 degrees c), ph (2-6) and nacl (0.5-9%) on survival kinetics of shigella flexneri strain 5348 in bhi broth. stationary-phase cells were inoculated into sterile media to give initial populations of 6-7 log ... | 2005 | 15862880 |
| plasmid partition system of the p1par family from the pwr100 virulence plasmid of shigella flexneri. | p1par family members promote the active segregation of a variety of plasmids and plasmid prophages in gram-negative bacteria. each has genes for para and parb proteins, followed by a pars partition site. the large virulence plasmid pwr100 of shigella flexneri contains a new p1par family member: pwr100par. although typical para and parb genes are present, the putative pwr100pars site is atypical in sequence and organization. however, pwr100pars promoted accurate plasmid partition in escherichia c ... | 2005 | 15866921 |
| identification of shigella sonnei biotype g isolates carrying class 2 integrons in italy (2001 to 2003). | phenotyping and genotyping have been carried out on 64 epidemic and sporadic isolates of shigella sonnei identified in italy in the years 2001 to 2003. class 2 integron carriage has been also investigated. isolates from four of the five outbreaks and four of six sporadic cases were biotype g, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type b, and class 2 integron positive, suggesting emergence and spread of an epidemic clone in italy. | 2005 | 15872285 |
| outbreak of shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei enterocolitis in men who have sex with men, quebec, 1999 to 2001. | 2005 | 15875326 | |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in shigella flexneri from argentina: first report of toho-1 outside japan. | a 9-year nation-wide survey of the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in shigella flexneri is described. ten of 9033 (0.1%) isolates produced esbls, which were characterized by isoelectric focusing, pcr and dna sequencing. these were ctx-m-2 (five isolates), toho-1 (one isolate), shv-2 (two isolates) and per-2 (two isolates, the first report in s. flexneri world wide). the emergence of each esbl type in s. flexneri was not restricted to a particular region of argentina. toho-1 ... | 2005 | 15878653 |
| shigellosis. | shigellosis is a global human health problem. four species of shigella i.e. s. dysenteriae, s. flexneri, s. boydii and s. sonnei are able to cause the disease. these species are subdivided into serotypes on the basis of o-specific polysaccharide of the lps. shigella dysenteriae type 1 produces severe disease and may be associated with life-threatening complications. the symptoms of shigellosis include diarrhoea and/or dysentery with frequent mucoid bloody stools, abdominal cramps and tenesmus. s ... | 2005 | 15880088 |
| campylobacter jejuni pancolitis mimicking idiopathic ulcerative colitis. | campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of community-acquired acute bacterial diarrhea. campylobacter diarrhea is usually accompanied by fever and abdominal pain. campylobacter diarrhea is usually watery. nausea, vomiting, headache, and myalgias may also be present. tenesmus is a common feature. the majority of patients with campylobacter diarrhea have some component of segmental colitis, usually beginning in the small bowel and progressing distally to the cecum and colon. c. jejuni is a r ... | 2005 | 16027651 |
| [influence of cycloferon on the biological properties of bacterial intracellular pathogens]. | the influence of cycloferon on some biological properties of pathogenic (shigella spp., salmonella spp., francisella tularensis, brucella spp.) and opportunistic (escherichia coli, staphylococcus spp.) microorganisms has been experimentally determined in vitro. as revealed in these experiments, the preparation used at concentrations under study considerably suppresses the antilysozyme and anticomplementary activity of gram-negative intracellular parasites (shigellae, salmonellae, f. tularensis, ... | 2005 | 16028504 |
| identification of an escherichia coli operon required for formation of the o-antigen capsule. | escherichia coli produces polysaccharide capsules that, based on their mechanisms of synthesis and assembly, have been classified into four groups. the group 4 capsule (g4c) polysaccharide is frequently identical to that of the cognate lipopolysaccharide o side chain and has, therefore, also been termed the o-antigen capsule. the genes involved in the assembly of the group 1, 2, and 3 capsules have been described, but those required for g4c assembly remained obscure. we found that enteropathogen ... | 2005 | 16030220 |
| the design, synthesis and evaluation of high affinity macrocyclic carbohydrate inhibitors. | carbohydrate-protein interactions have been investigated for a model system of a monoclonal antibody, sya/j6, which binds a trisaccharide epitope of the o-polysaccharide of the shigella flexneri variant y lipopolysaccharide. the thermodynamics of binding for the methyl glycoside of the native trisaccharide epitope, rha-rha-glcnac () to sya/j6 over a range of temperatures exhibits strong, linear enthalpy-entropy compensation and a negative heat capacity change (deltac(p)=-152 cal mol(-1) degree(- ... | 2005 | 16032350 |
| roles for t and nk cells in the innate immune response to shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri, an enteroinvasive gram-negative bacterium, is responsible for the worldwide endemic form of bacillary dysentery. the host response to primary infection is characterized by the induction of an acute inflammation, which is accompanied by polymorphonuclear cell (pmn) infiltration, resulting in massive destruction of the colonic mucosa. however, pmn play a major role in the recovery from primary infection, by restricting the bacterial infection at the intestinal mucosa. in this st ... | 2005 | 16034114 |
| pathoadaptive mutation that mediates adherence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o111. | the adherence of pathogenic escherichia coli strains to intestinal epithelium is essential for initiation of infection. the cad operon encodes the lysine decarboxylase (ldc) system responsible for metabolizing lysine, and this operon has been proposed as an antivirulence mechanism in enteroinvasive e. coli and shigella flexneri and as a factor mediating e. coli o157:h7 adherence. we sought to determine whether the ldc activity was present in a phylogenetically characterized collection of diarrhe ... | 2005 | 16040989 |
| the phage-shock-protein response. | the phage-shock-protein (psp) system responds to extracytoplasmic stress that may reduce the energy status of the cell. it is conserved in many different bacteria and has been linked to several important phenotypes. escherichia coli psp mutants have defects in maintenance of the proton-motive force, protein export by the sec and tat pathways, survival in stationary phase at alkaline ph, and biofilm formation. yersinia enterocolitica psp mutants cannot grow when the secretin component of a type i ... | 2005 | 16045608 |
| sentinel surveillance for international shigella by a quarantine station in japan. | the japanese quarantine system monitors incoming passengers to detect imported pathogens at international airports. at one airport, we found that 74% of 13 315 travellers returning with diarrhoea had visited only one country before entering japan. on the basis of our results, we hypothesized that the international distribution and potential source of bacterial strains could be inferred by analysing strains isolated from travellers returning to japan. in order to demonstrate the potential for thi ... | 2005 | 16050505 |
| outbreak of shigella sonnei in a rural hotel in la gomera, canary islands, spain. | shigella sonnei is a significant cause of gastroenteritis in both developing and industrialized countries. knowledge of the diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacterium may be helpful in the management of both individual cases and outbreaks. this study was undertaken to evaluate the molecular epidemiology of an outbreak of diarrhea due to s. sonnei. the outbreak involved 14 of 28 (50%) tourists in a small rural hotel in la gomera, canary islands, spain. all of the s. sonnei isolat ... | 2005 | 16052462 |
| microbiological beach sand quality in gaza strip in comparison to seawater quality. | gaza beach is the only recreational area available for the local inhabitants. it is heavily polluted with treated, partially treated, and untreated sewage from point and nonpoint sources. the majority of the population is below the age of 15 years. this age group is vulnerable to gastrointestinal diseases and usually restricts their activities to beach sand at the swash zone. five sampling points along the gaza beach were selected and monitored for 1 year (fortnightly). microbial sand content wa ... | 2005 | 16053922 |
| outbreak of shigellosis in the vienna zoo affecting human and non-human primates. | 2005 | 16054414 | |
| structural and genetic characterization of the shigella boydii type 18 o antigen. | shigella strains are important human pathogens and are normally identified by their o antigens. o antigen is an essential part of the lipopolysaccharide present in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and plays a role in pathogenicity. structural and genetic organization of the shigella boydii type 18 o antigen was investigated. as judged by sugar and methylation analyses and nmr spectroscopy data, the o antigen has a linear pentasaccharide repeating unit (o unit), which consists of thre ... | 2005 | 16055280 |
| shigella dysenteriae shus promotes utilization of heme as an iron source and protects against heme toxicity. | shigella dysenteriae serotype 1, a major cause of bacillary dysentery in humans, can use heme as a source of iron. genes for the transport of heme into the bacterial cell have been identified, but little is known about proteins that control the fate of the heme molecule after it has entered the cell. the shus gene is located within the heme transport locus, downstream of the heme receptor gene shua. shus is a heme binding protein, but its role in heme utilization is poorly understood. in this wo ... | 2005 | 16077111 |
| [evaluation of hucker stain as campylobacter sp screening detection during an acute diarrhea disease]. | campylobacter infection is one of the most frequent causes of gastroenteritis in the world and the third in chile according to some studies. the routinary culture for campylobacter in our country is not performed because of its high cost, and it is known, that the hucker stain is a reasonable screening alternative. the objective of this study was to know the utility of the hucker stain and estimate the frequency of campylobacter in stool samples. a total of 5,750 stool samples received in the ca ... | 2005 | 16077891 |
| [design and improvement of an elective culture medium for bacteriological diagnosis of salmonella infection]. | experimental studies have provided a nutrient broth for elective accumulation of salmonella (ma broth) and a differential diagnostic culture medium for selective isolation of the causative agents of salmonella toxic infections. the ma broth is used for bacteriological isolation of salmonellae from the low-infected material and for a sanitary-and-bacteriological study of meat-and- sausage and other foods for this pathogen. a combination of high accumulating and inhibiting properties of the design ... | 2005 | 16078535 |
| structure and distribution of the phosphoprotein phosphatase genes, prpa and prpb, among shigella subgroups. | phosphoprotein phosphatases encoded by the prpa and prpb genes function in signal transduction pathways for degradation of misfolded proteins in the extracytoplasmic compartments of escherichia coli. in order to trace the evolution of prp genes and assess their roles in other enteric pathogens, the structure and distribution of these genes among closely related shigella subgroups were studied. pcr amplification, probe hybridization studies and dna sequencing were used to determine the prp genoty ... | 2005 | 16079345 |
| etiology of diarrhea in young children in denmark: a case-control study. | infectious gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases in young children. to clarify the infectious etiology of diarrhea in danish children less than 5 years of age, we conducted a 2-year prospective case-control study. stools from 424 children with diarrhea and 870 asymptomatic age-matched controls were examined, and their parents were interviewed concerning symptoms. rotavirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and norovirus and sapovirus wer ... | 2005 | 16081890 |
| dose response modelling of escherichia coli o157 incorporating data from foodborne and environmental outbreaks. | a human dose response model for escherichia coli o157 would enable prediction of risk of infection to humans following exposure from either foodborne or environmental pathways. however, due to the severe nature of the disease, volunteer human dose response studies cannot be carried out. surrogate models from shigella fed to humans and e. coli o157 to rabbits have been utilised but are significantly different to one another. in addition data obtained by animal exposure may not be representative f ... | 2005 | 16084264 |
| bacteriophages may bias outcome of bacterial enrichment cultures. | enrichment cultures are widely used for the isolation of bacteria in clinical, biotechnological, and environmental studies. however, competition, relative growth rates, or inhibitory effects may alter the outcome of enrichment cultures, causing the phenomenon known as enrichment bias. bacteriophages are a major component in many microbial systems, and it abounds in natural settings. this abundance means that bacteriophages are likely to be present in many laboratory enrichment cultures. our hypo ... | 2005 | 16085813 |
| presence and characterization of a mosaic genomic island which distinguishes sorbitol-fermenting enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h- from e. coli o157:h7. | a mosaic genomic island comprising shigella resistance locus (srl) sequences flanked by segments of escherichia coli o157:h7 strain edl933 o islands 43, 81, and 82 was identified in sorbitol-fermenting (sf) enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h(-) strain 493/89. this mosaic island is absent from strain edl933. pcr targeting the srl-related sequence is a useful tool to distinguish sf ehec o157:h(-) from ehec o157:h7. | 2005 | 16085887 |
| molecular analysis of shigella boydii o1 o-antigen gene cluster and its pcr typing. | shigella is an important human pathogen and is closely related to escherichia coli. o-antigen is the most variable part of the lipopolysaccharide on the cell surface of gram-negative bacteria and plays an important role in pathogenicity. the o-antigen gene cluster of s. boydii o1 was sequenced. the putative genes encoding enzymes for rhamnose synthesis, transferases, o-unit flippase, and o-unit polymerase were identified on the basis of homology. the o-antigen gene clusters of s. boydii o1 and e ... | 2005 | 16088333 |
| elevated levels of igm and iga antibodies to proteus mirabilis and igm antibodies to escherichia coli are associated with early rheumatoid factor (rf)-positive rheumatoid arthritis. | antibodies to proteus mirabilis were previously detected in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis (ra). we examined the prevalence of antibodies to p. mirabilis and their associations with ra in early synovitis patients. | 2005 | 16091399 |
| construction, detection and microarray analysis on the shigella flexneri 2a sitc mutant. | in order to overcome the defects of difficult gene operations in low-copy suicide plasmid pcvd442, gateway technology was applied in the construction process of recombinant plasmid for gene knockout in this study. with this improved knockout system, we inactivated sitc gene, which is associated with iron transport in shigella flexneri 2a strain 301, to yield the mutant, mts. the functional detection of the mutant was performed at the level of culture medium, cell and animal experiment, respectiv ... | 2005 | 16092755 |
| chips and snps, bugs and thugs: a molecular sleuthing perspective. | recent events both here and abroad have focused attention on the need for ensuring a safe and secure food supply. although much has been written about the potential of particular select agents in bioterrorism, we must consider seriously the more mundane pathogens, especially those that have been implicated previously in foodborne outbreaks of human disease, as possible agents of bioterrorism. given their evolutionary history, the enteric pathogens are more diverse than agents such as bacillus an ... | 2005 | 15954721 |
| outbreak of dysentery associated with ceftriaxone-resistant shigella sonnei: first report of plasmid-mediated cmy-2-type ampc beta-lactamase resistance in s. sonnei. | we document the first report of plasmid-encoded cmy-2-type ampc beta-lactamase identified among shigella sonnei isolates resistant to ceftriaxone and obtained after an outbreak of bacillary dysentery in taiwan. one hundred eighty-two children in two elementary schools in yu-li, taiwan, where an outbreak occurred after a typhoon hit this area in 2001, were enrolled in this study. clinical and epidemiologic data on the infected children were collected. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) was p ... | 2005 | 15956372 |
| frequency of isolation of shigella serogroups/serotypes and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in children from slum areas in karachi. | to assess the frequency of serogroups and serotypes, as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of shigella species isolated from known cases of diarrhoea and dysentery from karachi, pakistan. | 2005 | 15960281 |
| antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from tenerife cheese: initial characterization of plantaricin tf711, a bacteriocin-like substance produced by lactobacillus plantarum tf711. | the screening and initial characterization of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria (lab) from raw tenerife goats' cheese with possible application as biopreservatives or ripening accelerators for tenerife cheese. | 2005 | 15960667 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of shigella sonnei strains in malaysia (1997-2000). | antimicrobial resistance of shigella sonnei from malaysia was determined and subtyping was carried by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) to assess the extent of genetic diversity of these strains. | 2005 | 15960673 |
| plastins: versatile modulators of actin organization in (patho)physiological cellular processes. | many actin-binding proteins are expressed in eukaryotic cells. these polypeptides assist in stabilizing and rearranging the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in response to external stimuli, or during cell migration and adhesion. here we review a particular set of actin-binding proteins called plastins. plastins (also called fimbrins) belong to a subclass of actin-binding proteins known as actin bundling proteins. three isoforms have been characterized in mammals: t-plastin is expressed in ... | 2005 | 15960882 |
| the shigella flexneri serotype y vaccine candidate sfl124 originated from a serotype 2a background. | shigella flexneri is endemic in most developing countries and responsible for the highest mortality rate among the shigella species. the attenuated serotype y s. flexneri strain sfl124 has been used as the parental strain for the development of recombinant vaccines expressing multiple o-antigen structures. during the development of one such multivalent vaccine, a region of gtrii homology was found in sfl124. sequencing and analysis of this region revealed the presence of an insertion element int ... | 2005 | 15963704 |
| [clinical manifestation of acute dysentery caused by the polyagglutinable strain of shigella sonnei]. | it was established, that clinical manifestation of acute dysentery caused by the polyagglutinable strain of sonne shigellosis is characterized by acute onset of the disease, general toxic syndrome (high body temperature up mild pyrexia, chill, headache, low appetite) and in 6-24 hours followed by gastric indigestion resembling acute enterocolitis. in general, there have not been severe and lingering forms of the disease. etiotropic and pathogenetic treatments are leading procedure in care of suc ... | 2005 | 15915995 |
| a secreted anti-activator, ospd1, and its chaperone, spa15, are involved in the control of transcription by the type iii secretion apparatus activity in shigella flexneri. | bacteria of shigella spp. are responsible for shigellosis in humans and use a type iii secretion (tts) system to enter epithelial cells and trigger apoptosis in macrophages. transit of translocator and effector proteins through the tts apparatus is activated upon contact of bacteria with host cells. transcription of approximately 15 genes encoding effectors is regulated by the tts apparatus activity and controlled by mxie, an arac family activator, and its coactivator ipgc, the chaperone of ipab ... | 2005 | 15916611 |
| a directed screen for chlamydial proteins secreted by a type iii mechanism identifies a translocated protein and numerous other new candidates. | chlamydiae are strict intracellular parasites that induce their internalization upon contact with the host cell and grow inside an intracellular compartment called an inclusion. they possess a type iii secretion (tts) apparatus, which allows for the translocation of specific proteins in the host cell cytosol. in particular, chlamydial proteins of the inc family are secreted to the inclusion membrane by a tts mechanism; other tts substrates are mostly unknown. using a secretion assay based on the ... | 2005 | 15916612 |
| important bacterial gastrointestinal pathogens in children: a pathogenesis perspective. | this article focuses on the five most common bacterial enteropathogens of the developed world--helicobacter pylori, escherichia coli, shigella, salmonella, and campylobacter--from the perspective of how they cause disease and how they relate to each other. basic and recurring themes of bacterial pathogenesis, including mechanisms of entry, methods of adherence, sites of cellular injury, role of toxins, and how pathogens acquire particular virulence traits (and antimicrobial resistance), are disc ... | 2005 | 15925661 |
| optimizing protein crystal growth through dynamic seeding. | a dynamic seeding method that is different from the conventional method of seeding drops that have been equilibrated is described. the method basically consists of two steps. firstly, microseeding was used in association with adjustment of the seeding-drop components, including buffer, additive and concentrations of the precipitants and protein, in order to screen suitable seeding conditions under which microseeds are seeded into a new non-equilibrated drop as the dynamic macroseed drop for the ... | 2005 | 15930637 |
| diarrheal illness among deployed u.s. military personnel during operation bright star 2001--egypt. | in the fall of 2001, approximately 15,000 u.s. military personnel participated in a military exercise in the northwestern egyptian desert. to assess the prevalence and impact of diarrhea and enteropathogen distribution, we conducted a post-deployment survey and a case series study. a departure convenience sampling (n = 3725) was used in the post-deployment survey. overall, 9.3% reported diarrhea, 2.6% sought medical care, and 2.8% stopped or decreased their work for at least a day. among those r ... | 2005 | 15964494 |
| surveillance for antimicrobial resistance profiles among shigella species isolated from a semirural community in the northern administrative area of santiago, chile. | variations in antibiotic resistance patterns were studied among 178 shigella strains isolated from 1997 to 2001 in children less than five years of age with acute diarrhea from colina, a semi-rural community in santiago, chile. the minimal inhibitory concentration of several commonly used antibiotics was determined by the agar dilution method. shigella strains showed high rates of resistance to ampicillin (82%), cotrimoxazole (65%), tetracycline (53%), and chloramphenicol (49%). furthermore, 51% ... | 2005 | 15964975 |
| antibacterial triterpenes from syzygium guineense (myrtaceae). | antibacterial bioassay-guided fractionation of syzygium guineense leaf extracts afforded 10 triterpenes, namely betulinic acid 1, oleanolic acid 2, a mixture of 2-hydroxyoleanolic acid 3a, 2-hydroxyursolic acid 3b, arjunolic acid 4a, asiatic acid 4b, a mixture of terminolic acid 5a, 6-hydroxyasiatic acid 5b, and a mixture of arjunolic acid 28-beta-glucopyranosyl ester 6a and the asiatic acid 28-beta-glucopyranosyl ester 6b. isolated compounds were submitted to an antibacterial assay system again ... | 2005 | 15967609 |
| in-vitro antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic properties of sulfonamide--derived schiff's bases and their metal complexes. | a series of new antibacterial and antifungal schiff's bases derived from sulfonamides, as well as their transition metal complexes incorporating cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii) were synthesized, characterized and screened for their in-vitro antibacterial activity against six gram-negative (escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi and shigella dysentriae) and four gram-positive (bacillus cereus, corynebacterium diphth ... | 2005 | 15968823 |
| in-vitro antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities of some coumarins and their metal complexes. | a series of new antibacterial and antifungal coumarin-derived compounds and their transition metal complexes [cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii)] have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella dysenteriae, bacillus cereus, corynebacterium diphtheriae, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes bacterial strains ... | 2005 | 16206827 |
| identification of the plasmid and the structural gene of colicin type 7 of shigella sonnei. | shigella sonnei colicin 7 (scol7) is a unique bacteriocin acting only on certain dysentery-causing bacteria, like enteroinvasive escherichia coli, s. sonnei or s. boydii. we identified a 4.2 md plasmid (pscol7) conferring scol7 production to the transformants. the entire plasmid was sequenced (gene bank accession number aj318075) and the structure gene of scol7 production (sc7a) was identified. analyzing the sequence of the plasmid revealed extensive homology to other colicin plasmids, particula ... | 2005 | 16196210 |
| abl kinases regulate actin comet tail elongation via an n-wasp-dependent pathway. | microbial pathogens have evolved diverse strategies to modulate the host cell cytoskeleton to achieve a productive infection and have proven instrumental for unraveling the molecular machinery that regulates actin polymerization. here we uncover a mechanism for shigella flexneri-induced actin comet tail elongation that links abl family kinases to n-wasp-dependent actin polymerization. we show that the abl kinases are required for shigella actin comet tail formation, maximal intracellular motilit ... | 2005 | 16199863 |
| emergence of quinolone-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 in canada. | 2005 | 16200675 |