Publications

slipping through the cracks: linking low immune function and intestinal bacterial imbalance to the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis.	autoimmune diseases (ads) are considered to be caused by the host immune system which attacks and destroys its own tissue by mistake. a widely accepted hypothesis to explain the pathogenic mechanism of ads is "molecular mimicry," which states that antibodies against an infectious agent cross-react with a self-antigen sharing an identical or similar antigenic epitope. however, this hypothesis was most likely established based on misleading antibody assay data largely influenced by intense false p ...	2015	25861466
selective biochemical labeling of campylobacter jejuni cell-surface glycoconjugates.	the display of cell-surface glycolipids and glycoproteins is essential for the motility, adhesion and colonization of pathogenic bacteria such as campylobacter jejuni. recently, the cell-surface display of c. jejuni glycoconjugates has been the focus of considerable attention; however, our understanding of the roles that glycosylation plays in bacteria still pales in comparison with our understanding of mammalian glycosylation. one of the reasons for this is that carbohydrate metabolic labeling, ...	2015	25761366
moraxella catarrhalis acrab-oprm efflux pump contributes to antimicrobial resistance and is enhanced during cold shock response.	moraxella catarrhalis is a common pathogen of the human respiratory tract. multidrug efflux pumps play a major role in antibiotic resistance and virulence in many gram-negative organisms. in the present study, the role of the acrab-oprm efflux pump in antibiotic resistance was investigated by constructing mutants that lack the acra, acrb, and oprm genes in m. catarrhalis strain o35e. we observed a moderate (1.5-fold) decrease in the mics of amoxicillin and cefotaxime and a marked (4.7-fold) decr ...	2015	25583725
lactic acid bacteria--20 years exploring their potential as live vectors for mucosal vaccination.	lactic acid bacteria (lab) are a diverse group of gram-positive, nonsporulating, low g + c content bacteria. many of them have been given generally regarded as safe status. over the past two decades, intensive genetic and molecular research carried out on lab, mainly lactococcus lactis and some species of the lactobacillus genus, has revealed new, potential biomedical lab applications, including the use of lab as adjuvants, immunostimulators, or therapeutic drug delivery systems, or as factories ...	2015	25750046
the escherichia coli o157:h7 cattle immunoproteome includes outer membrane protein a (ompa), a modulator of adherence to bovine rectoanal junction squamous epithelial (rse) cells.	building on previous studies, we defined the repertoire of proteins comprising the immunoproteome (ip) of escherichia coli o157:h7 (o157) cultured in dmem supplemented with norepinephrine (o157 ip), a β-adrenergic hormone that regulates e. coli o157 gene expression in the gastrointestinal tract, using a variation of a novel proteomics-based platform proteome mining tool for antigen discovery, called "proteomics-based expression library screening" (pels; kudva et al., 2006). the e. coli o157 ip ( ...	2015	25643951
survival and digestibility of orally-administered immunoglobulin preparations containing igg through the gastrointestinal tract in humans.	oral immunoglobulin (ig) preparations are prime examples of medicinal nutrition from natural sources. plasma products containing ig have been used for decades in animal feed for intestinal disorders to mitigate the damaging effects of early weaning. these preparations reduce overall mortality and increase feed utilization in various animal species leading to improved growth. oral administration of ig preparations from human serum as well as bovine colostrum and serum have been tested and proven ...	2015	25880525
recombinant escherichia coli strains with inducible campylobacter jejuni single domain hemoglobin chb expression exhibited improved cell growth in bioreactor culture.	maintaining an appropriate concentration of dissolved oxygen in aqueous solution is critical for efficient operation of a bioreactor, requiring sophisticated engineering design and a system of regulation to maximize oxygen transfer from the injected air bubbles to the cells. bacterial hemoglobins are oxygen-binding proteins that transfer oxygen from the environment to metabolic processes and allow bacteria to grow even under microaerophilic conditions. to improve the oxygen utilization efficienc ...	2015	25748170
antimicrobial peptides: current and potential applications in biomedical therapies.		2015	25834815
a highly sensitive elisa and immunochromatographic strip for the detection of salmonella typhimurium in milk samples.	murine monoclonal antibodies to target salmonella typhimurium flagellin and lipopolysaccharide (lps) were prepared and characterized. for the immunological detection of s. typhimurium, different pairs of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were tested in a sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) format. after comparison, a sandwich elisa and immunochromatographic strip based on lps mabs was established to detect s. typhimurium. the determination limits of the immunochromatographic strip in p ...	2015	25746094
assessing the public health risk of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli by use of a rapid diagnostic screening algorithm.	shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) is an enteropathogen of public health concern because of its ability to cause serious illness and outbreaks. in this prospective study, a diagnostic screening algorithm to categorize stec infections into risk groups was evaluated. the algorithm consists of prescreening stool specimens with real-time pcr (qpcr) for the presence of stx genes. the qpcr-positive stool samples were cultured in enrichment broth and again screened for stx genes and addition ...	2015	25740764
gastrointestinal infections and diarrheal disease in ghanaian infants and children: an outpatient case-control study.	diarrheal diseases are among the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide, especially in resource-poor areas. this case-control study assessed the associations between gastrointestinal infections and diarrhea in children from rural ghana.	2015	25738935
mind-like atpase flhg effects location and number of bacterial flagella during c-ring assembly.	the number and location of flagella, bacterial organelles of locomotion, are species specific and appear in regular patterns that represent one of the earliest taxonomic criteria in microbiology. however, the mechanisms that reproducibly establish these patterns during each round of cell division are poorly understood. flhg (previously ylxh) is a major determinant for a variety of flagellation patterns. here, we show that flhg is a structural homolog of the atpase mind, which serves in cell-divi ...	2015	25733861
cloning and expression of synthetic genes encoding the broad antimicrobial spectrum bacteriocins srcam 602, or-7, e-760, and l-1077, by recombinant pichia pastoris.	we have evaluated the cloning and functional expression of previously described broad antimicrobial spectrum bacteriocins srcam 602, or-7, e-760, and l-1077, by recombinant pichia pastoris. synthetic genes, matching the codon usage of p. pastoris, were designed from the known mature amino acid sequence of these bacteriocins and cloned into the protein expression vector ppiczαa. the recombinant derived plasmids were linearized and transformed into competent p. pastoris x-33, and the presence of i ...	2015	25821820
citrus bergamia essential oil: from basic research to clinical application.	citrus bergamia risso et poiteau, also known as "bergamot," is a plant belonging to the rutaceae family, defined as a hybrid of bitter orange and lemon. it is an endemic plant of the calabria region (italy). bergamot fruit is primarily used for the extraction of its essential oil (bergamot essential oil: beo), employed in perfume, cosmetics, food, and confections. the aim of this review was to collect recent data from the literature on c. bergamia essential oil and, through a critical analysis, ...	2015	25784877
miller-fisher syndrome: is the ataxia central or peripheral?	a 50-year-old man presented with a brief history of slurred speech, unsteadiness, double vision and paraesthesia. he had been unwell for 12 days with campylobacter gastroenteritis. on examination, there was ophthalmoplegia, nystagmus, areflexia and lower limb and gait ataxia. serological testing was positive for gq1b antibody in keeping with the diagnosis of miller fisher syndrome (mfs). he was treated with two courses of intravenous immunoglobulins and made a good recovery, only displaying mild ...	2015	26331046
arcobacter butzleri and a. cryaerophilus in human, animals and food sources, in southern chile.	the isolation frequency of arcobacter species in children with diarrhea, fowls, mammals and food of avian and marine origin was established. in all the samples it was possible to isolate arcobacter species corresponding 201 (39.4%) to a. butzleri and 24 (4.7) to a. cryaerophilus . both species were simultaneously isolated in 19 (3.7%) being a. butzleri the most frequently isolated species.	2015	26221100
status and future of quantitative microbiological risk assessment in china.	since the implementation of the food safety law of the people's republic of china in 2009 use of quantitative microbiological risk assessment (qmra) has increased. qmra is used to assess the risk posed to consumers by pathogenic bacteria which cause the majority of foodborne outbreaks in china. this review analyses the progress of qmra research in china from 2000 to 2013 and discusses 3 possible improvements for the future. these improvements include planning and scoping to initiate qmra, effect ...	2015	26089594
primary extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the endometrium: report of four cases and review of literature.	primary extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the endometrium (pemzl-em) is exceedingly rare and has not been well characterized. herein, we study the clinicopathological, cytogenetic and molecular features of four cases, the largest case series reported to date. the median age of the four patients was 59 years. clinical presentations included abnormal vaginal bleeding (three cases) and incidental finding (one case). there were no constitutional symptoms in any of the cases. none of the patients ...	2015	26045815
host-microbe interactions in the small bowel.	the intestine - home to a vast microbiome - balances its immune reactivity on a knife's edge. this review will summarize recent studies examining innate immune signals that shape the microbiota, and how pathogens can usurp protective responses to their advantage.	2015	25426971
a surprising range of modified-methionyl s-adenosylmethionine analogues support bacterial growth.	s-adenosyl-l-methionine (adomet) is an essential metabolite, serving in a very wide variety of metabolic reactions. the enzyme that produces adomet from l-methionine and atp (methionine adenosyltransferase, mat) is thus an attractive target for antimicrobial agents. we previously showed that a variety of methionine analogues are mat substrates, yielding adomet analogues that function in specific methyltransfer reactions. however, this left open the question of whether the modified adomet molecul ...	2015	25717169
proteolytic activities expressed by gastrointestinal pathogens bacillus cereus, listeria monocytogenes and enterococcus faecium in different growth phases.	bacterial proteases are implicated in protein quality control, biofilm formation or might have a direct function in pathogenesis by processing virulence factors or cleaving host factors. in recent years, knowledge of proteases expressed by gram-negative pathogens remarkably increased. however, investigation of proteases from gram-positive bacteria is rather rare, but required for the analysis of pathogenesis-relevant proteases. in this study, we extracted and detected proteases from the gastroin ...	2015	26682199
mass spectrometry-based proteomic approaches to study pathogenic bacteria-host interactions.	elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying host-pathogen interactions is important for control and treatment of infectious diseases worldwide. within the last decade, mass spectrometry (ms)-based proteomics has become a powerful and effective approach to better understand complex and dynamic host-pathogen interactions at the protein level. herein we will review the recent progress in proteomic analyses towards bacterial infection of their mammalian host with a particular focus on enteric pat ...	2015	25722051
deciphering chicken gut microbial dynamics based on high-throughput 16s rrna metagenomics analyses.	chicken gut microbiota has paramount roles in host performance, health and immunity. understanding the topological difference in gut microbial community composition is crucial to provide knowledge on the functions of each members of microbiota to the physiological maintenance of the host. the gut microbiota profiling of the chicken was commonly performed previously using culture-dependent and early culture-independent methods which had limited coverage and accuracy. advances in technology based ...	2015	25806087
synergistic antimicrobial activity of camellia sinensis and juglans regia against multidrug-resistant bacteria.	synergistic combinations of antimicrobial agents with different mechanisms of action have been introduced as more successful strategies to combat infections involving multidrug resistant (mdr) bacteria. in this study, we investigated synergistic antimicrobial activity of camellia sinensis and juglans regia which are commonly used plants with different antimicrobial agents. antimicrobial susceptibility of 350 gram-positive and gram-negative strains belonging to 10 different bacterial species, was ...	2015	25719410
vaccines for viral and bacterial pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis: part i: overview, vaccines for enteric viruses and vibrio cholerae.	efforts to develop vaccines for prevention of acute diarrhea have been going on for more than 40 y with partial success. the myriad of pathogens, more than 20, that have been identified as a cause of acute diarrhea throughout the years pose a significant challenge for selecting and further developing the most relevant vaccine candidates. based on pathogen distribution as identified in epidemiological studies performed mostly in low-resource countries, rotavirus, cryptosporidium, shigella, diarrh ...	2015	25715048
vaccines for viral and bacterial pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis: part ii: vaccines for shigella, salmonella, enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) enterohemorragic e. coli (ehec) and campylobacter jejuni.	in part ii we discuss the following bacterial pathogens: shigella, salmonella (non-typhoidal), diarrheogenic e. coli (enterotoxigenic and enterohemorragic) and campylobacter jejuni. in contrast to the enteric viruses and vibrio cholerae discussed in part i of this series, for the bacterial pathogens described here there is only one licensed vaccine, developed primarily for vibrio cholerae and which provides moderate protection against enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) (dukoral(®)), as well as a few ...	2015	25715096
golgi anti-apoptotic proteins are highly conserved ion channels that affect apoptosis and cell migration.	golgi anti-apoptotic proteins (gaaps) are multitransmembrane proteins that are expressed in the golgi apparatus and are able to homo-oligomerize. they are highly conserved throughout eukaryotes and are present in some prokaryotes and orthopoxviruses. within eukaryotes, gaaps regulate the ca(2+) content of intracellular stores, inhibit apoptosis, and promote cell adhesion and migration. data presented here demonstrate that purified viral gaaps (vgaaps) and human bax inhibitor 1 form ion channels ...	2015	25713081
lytm proteins play a crucial role in cell separation, outer membrane composition, and pathogenesis in nontypeable haemophilus influenzae.	lytm proteins belong to a family of bacterial metalloproteases. in gram-negative bacteria, lytm factors are mainly reported to have a direct effect on cell division by influencing cleavage and remodeling of peptidoglycan. in this study, mining nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) genomes, three highly conserved open reading frames (orfs) containing a lytm domain were identified, and the proteins encoded by the orfs were named yeba, envc, and nlpd on the basis of their homology with the esch ...	2015	25714719
analysis of the link between the redox state and enzymatic activity of the htra (degp) protein from escherichia coli.	bacterial htras are proteases engaged in extracytoplasmic activities during stressful conditions and pathogenesis. a model prokaryotic htra (htra/degp from escherichia coli) requires activation to cleave its substrates efficiently. in the inactive state of the enzyme, one of the regulatory loops, termed la, forms inhibitory contacts in the area of the active center. reduction of the disulfide bond located in the middle of la stimulates htra activity in vivo suggesting that this s-s bond may play ...	2015	25710793
commensal bacterial internalization by epithelial cells: an alternative portal for gut leakiness.	co-existing paracellular and transcellular barrier defect in intestinal epithelium was documented in inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and intestinal obstruction. mechanisms regarding tight junction disruption have been extensively studied; however, limited progress has been made in research on bacterial transcytosis. densely packed brush border (bb), with cholesterol-based lipid rafts in the intermicrovillous membrane invagination, serves as an ultrastructural barrier to prevent direc ...	2015	26451337
the investigation of correlation between iminoral concentration and neurotoxic levels after kidney transplantation.	neurotoxicity side effects related to cyclosporine kinetics could lead to dysfunction of kidney graft and patient outcome after transplantation. the aim of this study was evidence-based pharmacotherapy of kidney transplant recipients and to investigate neurotoxic levels of iminoral.	2015	25802828
does the recent growth of aquaculture create antibiotic resistance threats different from those associated with land animal production in agriculture?	important antibiotics in human medicine have been used for many decades in animal agriculture for growth promotion and disease treatment. several publications have linked antibiotic resistance development and spread with animal production. aquaculture, the newest and fastest growing food production sector, may promote similar or new resistance mechanisms. this review of 650+ papers from diverse sources examines parallels and differences between land-based agriculture of swine, beef, and poultry ...	2015	25700799
predominant campylobacter jejuni sequence types persist in finnish chicken production.	consumption and handling of chicken meat are well-known risk factors for acquiring campylobacteriosis. this study aimed to describe the campylobacter jejuni population in finnish chickens and to investigate the distribution of c. jejuni genotypes on finnish chicken farms over a period of several years. we included 89.8% of the total c. jejuni population recovered in finnish poultry during 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2012 and used multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and pulsed-field gel electrophor ...	2015	25700264
milk proteins, peptides, and oligosaccharides: effects against the 21st century disorders.	milk is the most complete food for mammals, as it supplies all the energy and nutrients needed for the proper growth and development of the neonate. milk is a source of many bioactive components, which not only help meeting the nutritional requirements of the consumers, but also play a relevant role in preventing various disorders. milk-derived proteins and peptides have the potential to act as coadjuvants in conventional therapies, addressing cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, intest ...	2015	25789308
analysis of the campylobacter jejuni genome by smrt dna sequencing identifies restriction-modification motifs.	campylobacter jejuni is a leading bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis. the goal of this study was to analyze the c. jejuni f38011 strain, recovered from an individual with severe enteritis, at a genomic and proteomic level to gain insight into microbial processes. the c. jejuni f38011 genome is comprised of 1,691,939 bp, with a mol.% (g+c) content of 30.5%. pacbio sequencing coupled with rebase analysis was used to predict c. jejuni f38011 genomic sites and enzymes that may be involved in d ...	2015	25695747
on the in vivo significance of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial peptides.	antimicrobial peptides (amps) are at the front-line of host defense during infection and play critical roles both in reducing the microbial load early during infection and in linking innate to adaptive immunity. however, successful pathogens have developed mechanisms to resist amps. although considerable progress has been made in elucidating amp-resistance mechanisms of pathogenic bacteria in vitro, less is known regarding the in vivo significance of such resistance. nevertheless, progress has b ...	2015	25701234
analysis of the activity and regulon of the two-component regulatory system composed by cjj81176_1484 and cjj81176_1483 of campylobacter jejuni.	campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial diarrheal disease and a frequent commensal of the intestinal tract in poultry and other animals. for optimal growth and colonization of hosts, c. jejuni employs two-component regulatory systems (tcss) to monitor environmental conditions and promote proper expression of specific genes. we analyzed the potential of c. jejuni cjj81176_1484 (cjj1484) and cjj81176_1483 (cjj1483) to encode proteins of a cognate tcs that influences expression of gene ...	2015	25691530
gut/brain axis and the microbiota.	tremendous progress has been made in characterizing the bidirectional interactions between the central nervous system, the enteric nervous system, and the gastrointestinal tract. a series of provocative preclinical studies have suggested a prominent role for the gut microbiota in these gut-brain interactions. based on studies using rodents raised in a germ-free environment, the gut microbiota appears to influence the development of emotional behavior, stress- and pain-modulation systems, and bra ...	2015	25689247
non-selective regulation of peroxide and superoxide resistance genes by perr in campylobacter jejuni.	campylobacter jejuni is an important foodborne pathogen. the molecular mechanisms for the regulation of oxidative stress resistance have not yet been understood fully in this bacterium. in this study, we investigated how perr (peroxide stress regulator) modulates the transcriptional regulation of both peroxide and superoxide resistance genes in c. jejuni, particularly under oxidative stress conditions. the transcriptional levels of ahpc, kata, and sodb were substantially increased by aeration an ...	2015	25741333
unique atpase site architecture triggers cis-mediated synchronized atp binding in heptameric aaa+-atpase domain of flagellar regulatory protein flrc.	bacterial enhancer-binding proteins (bebps) oligomerize through aaa(+) domains and use atp hydrolysis-driven energy to isomerize the rna polymerase-σ(54) complex during transcriptional initiation. here, we describe the first structure of the central aaa(+) domain of the flagellar regulatory protein flrc (flrc(c)), a bebp that controls flagellar synthesis in vibrio cholerae. our results showed that flrc(c) forms heptamer both in nucleotide (nt)-free and -bound states without atp-dependent subunit ...	2015	25688103
next generation sequencing analysis reveals that the ribonucleases rnase ii, rnase r and pnpase affect bacterial motility and biofilm formation in e. coli.	the rna steady-state levels in the cell are a balance between synthesis and degradation rates. although transcription is important, rna processing and turnover are also key factors in the regulation of gene expression. in escherichia coli there are three main exoribonucleases (rnase ii, rnase r and pnpase) involved in rna degradation. although there are many studies about these exoribonucleases not much is known about their global effect in the transcriptome.	2015	25757888
detection of foodborne bacterial pathogens from individual filth flies.	there is unanimous consensus that insects are important vectors of foodborne pathogens. however, linking insects as vectors of the pathogen causing a particular foodborne illness outbreak has been challenging. this is because insects are not being aseptically collected as part of an environmental sampling program during foodborne outbreak investigations and because there is not a standardized method to detect foodborne bacteria from individual insects. to take a step towards solving this problem ...	2015	25742168
significance of four methionine sulfoxide reductases in staphylococcus aureus.	staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen and emergence of antibiotic resistance in clinical staphylococcal isolates raises concerns about our ability to control these infections. cell wall-active antibiotics cause elevated synthesis of methionine sulfoxide reductases (msrs: msra1 and msrb) in s. aureus. msra and msrb enzymes reduce s-epimers and r-epimers of methionine sulfoxide, respectively, that are generated under oxidative stress. in the s. aureus chromosome, there are three msra gen ...	2015	25680075
clonalframeml: efficient inference of recombination in whole bacterial genomes.	recombination is an important evolutionary force in bacteria, but it remains challenging to reconstruct the imports that occurred in the ancestry of a genomic sample. here we present clonalframeml, which uses maximum likelihood inference to simultaneously detect recombination in bacterial genomes and account for it in phylogenetic reconstruction. clonalframeml can analyse hundreds of genomes in a matter of hours, and we demonstrate its usefulness on simulated and real datasets. we find evidence ...	2015	25675341
thiosulfate dehydrogenase (tsda) from allochromatium vinosum: structural and functional insights into thiosulfate oxidation.	although the oxidative condensation of two thiosulfate anions to tetrathionate constitutes a well documented and significant part of the natural sulfur cycle, little is known about the enzymes catalyzing this reaction. in the purple sulfur bacterium allochromatium vinosum, the reaction is catalyzed by the periplasmic diheme c-type cytochrome thiosulfate dehydrogenase (tsda). here, we report the crystal structure of the "as isolated" form of a. vinosum tsda to 1.98 å resolution and those of sever ...	2015	25673691
actinomyces-induced inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the colon: a rare cause of an abdominal mass: akbulut et al. inflammatory myofibroblastictumor due to actinomyces spp.	inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (imfts) are neoplastic lesions that are either benign or have low-grade malignancy potential. although the etiopathogenesis is not entirely clear, many factors play a role in their development, including trauma, autoimmune disorders, and infectious and inflammatory processes. however, imfts caused by actinomyces spp. infection are rare, with a limited number of cases reported in the literature.	2015	25704558
bacteremia caused by arcobacter butzleri in an immunocompromised host.	arcobacter butzleri is an emerging pathogen that has been implicated as the causative agent of persistent watery diarrhea. we describe a case involving a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who developed invasive a. butzleri bacteremia. this case illustrates the unique challenges involved in diagnosing infections caused by emerging gastrointestinal pathogens.	2015	25673792
high quality draft genome sequence and analysis of pontibacter roseus type strain src-1(t) (dsm 17521(t)) isolated from muddy waters of a drainage system in chandigarh, india.	pontibacter roseus is a member of genus pontibacter family cytophagaceae, class cytophagia. while the type species of the genus pontibacter actiniarum was isolated in 2005 from a marine environment, subsequent species of the same genus have been found in different types of habitats ranging from seawater, sediment, desert soil, rhizosphere, contaminated sites, solar saltern and muddy water. here we describe the features of pontibacter roseus strain src-1(t) along with its complete genome sequence ...	2015	26203325
role of pd-1 co-inhibitory pathway in hiv infection and potential therapeutic options.	virus-specific cd8+ t cells play an important role in controlling viral infections including human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. however, during chronic hiv infection, virus-specific cd8+ t cells undergo functional exhaustion, lose effector functions and fail to control viral infection. hiv-specific cd8 t cells expressing high levels of co-inhibitory molecule programmed death-1 (pd-1) during the chronic infection and are characterized by lower proliferation, cytokine production, and cy ...	2015	25756928
identification of circulating biomarkers in sera of plasmodium knowlesi-infected malaria patients--comparison against plasmodium vivax infection.	plasmodium knowlesi was identified as the fifth major malaria parasite in humans. it presents severe clinical symptoms and leads to mortality as a result of hyperparasitemia in a short period of time. this study aimed to improve the current understanding of p. knowlesi and identify potential biomarkers for knowlesi malaria.	2015	25656928
suicin 3908, a new lantibiotic produced by a strain of streptococcus suis serotype 2 isolated from a healthy carrier pig.	while streptococcus suis serotype 2 is known to cause severe infections in pigs, it can also be isolated from the tonsils of healthy animals that do not develop infections. we hypothesized that s. suis strains in healthy carrier pigs may have the ability to produce bacteriocins, which may contribute to preventing infections by pathogenic s. suis strains. two of ten s. suis serotype 2 strains isolated from healthy carrier pigs exhibited antibacterial activity against pathogenic s. suis isolates. ...	2015	25659110
peroxidase activity and involvement in the oxidative stress response of roseobacter denitrificans truncated hemoglobin.	roseobacter denitrificans is a member of the widespread marine roseobacter genus. we report the first characterization of a truncated hemoglobin from r. denitrificans (rd. trhb) that was purified in the heme-bound form from heterologous expression of the protein in escherichia coli. rd. trhb exhibits predominantly alpha-helical secondary structure and absorbs light at 412, 538 and 572 nm. the phylogenetic classification suggests that rd. trhb falls into group ii trhbs, whereas sequence alignment ...	2015	25658318
fura contributes to the oxidative stress response regulation of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis.	the ferric uptake regulator a (fura) is known to be involved in iron homeostasis and stress response in many bacteria. in mycobacteria the precise role of fura is still unclear. in the presented study, we addressed the functional role of fura in the ruminant pathogen mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) by construction of a fura deletion strain (mapδfura). rna deep sequencing revealed that the fura regulon consists of repressed and activated genes associated to stress response or intr ...	2015	25705205
specificity and evolutionary conservation of the escherichia coli rna pyrophosphohydrolase rpph.	bacterial rna degradation often begins with conversion of the 5'-terminal triphosphate to a monophosphate by the rna pyrophosphohydrolase rpph, an event that triggers rapid ribonucleolytic attack. besides its role as the master regulator of 5'-end-dependent mrna decay, rpph is important for the ability of pathogenic bacteria to invade host cells, yet little is known about how it chooses its targets. here, we show that escherichia coli rpph (ecrpph) requires at least two unpaired nucleotides at t ...	2015	25657006
helicobacter pylori: genomic insight into the host-pathogen interaction.	the advent of genomic analyses has revolutionized the study of human health. infectious disease research in particular has experienced an explosion of bacterial genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data complementing the phenotypic methods employed in traditional bacteriology. together, these techniques have revealed novel virulence determinants in numerous pathogens and have provided information for potential chemotherapeutics. the bacterial pathogen, helicobacter pylori, has been recognized ...	2015	25722969
complete genome sequence of campylobacter jejuni yh001 from beef liver, which contains a novel plasmid.	campylobacter jejuni, commonly found in poultry and meat products, causes gastroenteritis in humans. here, we report the complete genome sequence of a c. jejuni strain, yh001, isolated from retail beef liver. the genome is 1,712,361 bp and has a 30.5% g+c content and two plasmids of 46.5 kb and 4.4 kb.	2015	25657275
differential single nucleotide polymorphism-based analysis of an outbreak caused by salmonella enterica serovar manhattan reveals epidemiological details missed by standard pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.	we retrospectively analyzed a rare salmonella enterica serovar manhattan outbreak that occurred in italy in 2009 to evaluate the potential of new genomic tools based on differential single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) analysis in comparison with the gold standard genotyping method, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. a total of 39 isolates were analyzed from patients (n=15) and food, feed, animal, and environmental sources (n=24), resulting in five different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge ...	2015	25653407
lesser-known or hidden reservoirs of infection and implications for adequate prevention strategies: where to look and what to look for.	in developing hygiene strategies, in recent years, the major focus has been on the hands as the key route of infection transmission. however, there is a multitude of lesser-known and underestimated reservoirs for microorganisms which are the triggering sources and vehicles for outbreaks or sporadic cases of infection. among those are water reservoirs such as sink drains, fixtures, decorative water fountains and waste-water treatment plants, frequently touched textile surfaces such as private cur ...	2015	25699227
decline in rotavirus hospitalizations following the first three years of vaccination in castile-la mancha, spain.	rotavirus is a major burden on the spanish healthcare system. rotarix(®) and rotateq(®) were simultaneously commercialized in spain by february, 2007. the objective is to analyze the incidence and seasonality of rotavirus hospitalizations (rh) in castile-la mancha (clm), following the first 3 y of commercialization. a cross-sectional study of the hospital discharge registry's minimum basic data set (mbds) in clm between 2003 and 2009 was performed. we used the poisson regression model to quantif ...	2015	25644531
faeco-prevalence of campylobacter jejuni in urban wild birds and pets in new zealand.	greater attention has been given to campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) prevalence in poultry and ruminants as they are regarded as the major contributing reservoirs of human campylobacteriosis. however, relatively little work has been done to assess the prevalence in urban wild birds and pets in new zealand, a country with the highest campylobacteriosis notification rates. therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the faeco-prevalence of c. jejuni in urban wild birds and pets and its temporal ...	2015	25645429
aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin activates the nlrp3 inflammasome in human macrophages, leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines.	the cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) is produced from a number of bacteria capable of causing infection and inflammatory disease. our previous studies with actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans cdt demonstrate not only that the active toxin subunit functions as a phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (pip3) phosphatase but also that macrophages exposed to the toxin were stimulated to produce proinflammatory cytokines. we now demonstrate that the cdt-induced proinflammatory response involves th ...	2015	25644004
the flagellar regulator tvia reduces pyroptosis by salmonella enterica serovar typhi.	to discern virulent from innocuous microbes, the innate immune system senses events associated with bacterial access to immunoprivileged sites such as the host cell cytosol. one such pathway is triggered by the cytosolic delivery of flagellin, the major subunit of the flagellum, by bacterial secretion systems. this leads to inflammasome activation and subsequent proinflammatory cell death (pyroptosis) of the infected phagocyte. in this study, we demonstrate that the causative agent of typhoid fe ...	2015	25644011
differential rna-seq of vibrio cholerae identifies the vqmr small rna as a regulator of biofilm formation.	quorum sensing (qs) is a process of cell-to-cell communication that enables bacteria to transition between individual and collective lifestyles. qs controls virulence and biofilm formation in vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera disease. differential rna sequencing (rna-seq) of wild-type v. cholerae and a locked low-cell-density qs-mutant strain identified 7,240 transcriptional start sites with ∼ 47% initiated in the antisense direction. a total of 107 of the transcripts do not appear ...	2015	25646441
food-producing animals and their health in relation to human health.	the fields of immunology, microbiology, and nutrition converge in an astonishing way. dietary ingredients have a profound effect on the composition of the gut microflora, which in turn regulates the physiology of metazoans. as such, nutritional components of the diet are of critical importance not only for meeting the nutrient requirements of the host, but also for the microbiome. during their coevolution, bacterial microbiota has established multiple mechanisms to influence the eukaryotic host, ...	2015	25651994
dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in disease.	there is growing evidence that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of both intestinal and extra-intestinal disorders. intestinal disorders include inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome (ibs), and coeliac disease, while extra-intestinal disorders include allergy, asthma, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and obesity.	2015	25651997
comparative study of the effects of citral on the growth and injury of listeria innocua and listeria monocytogenes cells.	this study investigates the effect of citral on growth and on the occurrence of sublethal damage in listeria innocua serovar 6a (cect 910) and listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b (cect 4032) cells that were exposed to citral as a natural antimicrobial agent. two initial inoculum concentrations were considered in this investigation: 10(2) and 10(6) cfu/ml. citral exhibited antilisterial activity against l. innocua and l. monocytogenes, and the observed effects were dependent on the concentration of ...	2015	25643164
infestation of research zebra finch colony with 2 novel mite species.	a zebra finch (taeniopygia guttata) housed in a neuroscience laboratory was observed to have numerous feather mites. subsequently, similar mites were found on other birds in the animal facility and research space. the most abundant mite was a novel, undescribed species in the genus neocheyletiella. whereas known neocheyletiella mites have previously been characterized as skin parasites of various birds worldwide, the species on the zebra finches is unique because it lives and builds nests in the ...	2015	25730757
infectious causes of cholesteatoma and treatment of infected ossicles prior to reimplantation by hydrostatic high-pressure inactivation.	chronic inflammation, which is caused by recurrent infections, is one of the factors contributing to the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma. if reimplantation of autologous ossicles after a surgical intervention is intended, inactivation of planktonic bacteria and biofilms is desirable. high hydrostatic pressure treatment is a procedure, which has been used to inactivate cholesteatoma cells on ossicles. here we discuss the potential inactivating effect of high hydrostatic pressure on microbial pathog ...	2015	25705686
microbiota that affect risk for shigellosis in children in low-income countries.	pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract exist within a vast population of microbes. we examined associations between pathogens and composition of gut microbiota as they relate to shigella spp./enteroinvasive escherichia coli infection. we analyzed 3,035 stool specimens (1,735 nondiarrheal and 1,300 moderate-to-severe diarrheal) from the global enteric multicenter study for 9 enteropathogens. diarrheal specimens had a higher number of enteropathogens (diarrheal mean 1.4, nondiarrheal mean 0.95; p ...	2015	25625766
simulation study of the effect of influenza and influenza vaccination on risk of acquiring guillain-barré syndrome.	it is unclear whether seasonal influenza vaccination results in a net increase or decrease in the risk for guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). to assess the effect of seasonal influenza vaccination on the absolute risk of acquiring gbs, we used simulation models and published estimates of age- and sex-specific risks for gbs, influenza incidence, and vaccine effectiveness. for a hypothetical 45-year-old woman and 75-year-old man, excess gbs risk for influenza vaccination versus no vaccination was -0.3 ...	2015	25625590
mammalian gastrointestinal tract parameters modulating the integrity, surface properties, and absorption of food-relevant nanomaterials.	many natural chemicals in food are in the nanometer size range, and the selective uptake of nutrients with nanoscale dimensions by the gastrointestinal (gi) tract is a normal physiological process. novel engineered nanomaterials (nms) can bring various benefits to food, e.g., enhancing nutrition. assessing potential risks requires an understanding of the stability of these entities in the gi lumen, and an understanding of whether or not they can be absorbed and thus become systemically available ...	2015	25641962
glycans and glycan-binding proteins in immune regulation: a concise introduction to glycobiology for the allergist.	cells are endowed with a rich surface coat of glycans that are carried as glycoproteins and glycolipids on the outer leaflets of their plasma membranes and constitute a major molecular interface between cells and their environment. each cell's glycome, the sum of its diverse glycan structures, comprises a distinct cellular signature defined by expression levels of the enzymes responsible for glycan biosynthesis. this signature can be read by complementary glycan-binding proteins (gbps) that tran ...	2015	25649080
genome-wide identification of genes necessary for biofilm formation by nosocomial pathogen stenotrophomonas maltophilia reveals that orphan response regulator fsnr is a critical modulator.	stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen of increasing concern to human health. most clinical isolates of s. maltophilia efficiently form biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces, making this bacterium resistant to a number of antibiotic treatments and therefore difficult to eliminate. to date, very few studies have investigated the molecular and regulatory mechanisms responsible for s. maltophilia biofilm formation. here we constructed a random transposon insertion muta ...	2015	25480754
multidrug efflux pumps from enterobacteriaceae, vibrio cholerae and staphylococcus aureus bacterial food pathogens.	foodborne illnesses caused by bacterial microorganisms are common worldwide and constitute a serious public health concern. in particular, microorganisms belonging to the enterobacteriaceae and vibrionaceae families of gram-negative bacteria, and to the staphylococcus genus of gram-positive bacteria are important causative agents of food poisoning and infection in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. recently, variants of these bacteria have developed resistance to medically important chemother ...	2015	25635914
using geovisual analytics in google earth to understand disease distribution: a case study of campylobacteriosis in the czech republic (2008-2012).	visual analytics aims to connect the processing power of information technologies and the user's ability of logical thinking and reasoning through the complex visual interaction. moreover, the most of the data contain the spatial component. therefore, the need for geovisual tools and methods arises. either one can develop own system but the dissemination of findings and its usability might be problematic or the widespread and well-known platform can be utilized. the aim of this paper is to prove ...	2015	25628063
analysis of neisseria gonorrhoeae azithromycin susceptibility in the united states by the gonococcal isolate surveillance project, 2005 to 2013.	azithromycin, administered with ceftriaxone, is recommended by the cdc for the treatment of gonorrhea. many experts have expressed concern about the ease with which neisseria gonorrhoeae can acquire macrolide resistance. we sought to describe gonococcal azithromycin susceptibility in the united states and to determine whether azithromycin susceptibility has changed over time. we analyzed data from 2005 to 2013 from the gonococcal isolate surveillance project, a cdc-supported sentinel surveillanc ...	2015	25451056
in vivo production of a novel glycoconjugate vaccine against shigella flexneri 2a in recombinant escherichia coli: identification of stimulating factors for in vivo glycosylation.	glycoconjugated vaccines composed of polysaccharide antigens covalently linked to immunogenic carrier proteins have proved to belong to the most effective and safest vaccines for combating bacterial pathogens. the functional transfer of the n-glycosylation machinery from campylobacter jejuni to the standard prokaryotic host escherichia coli established a novel bioconjugation methodology termed bacterial glycoengineering.	2015	25612741
recreational water and infection: a review of recent findings.	this paper reviews the latest evidence provided by epidemiological studies and quantitative microbial risk assessments (qmras) of infection risk from recreational water use. studies for review were selected following a pubmed search for articles published between january 2010 and april 2014. epidemiological studies show a generally elevated risk of gastrointestinal illness in bathers compared to non-bathers but often no clear association with water quality as measured by faecal indicator bacteri ...	2015	25821715
life history correlates of fecal bacterial species richness in a wild population of the blue tit cyanistes caeruleus.	very little is known about the normal gastrointestinal flora of wild birds, or how it might affect or reflect the host's life-history traits. the aim of this study was to survey the species richness of bacteria in the feces of a wild population of blue tits cyanistes caeruleus and to explore the relationships between bacterial species richness and various life-history traits, such as age, sex, and reproductive success. using pcr-tgge, 55 operational taxonomic units (otus) were identified in blue ...	2015	25750710
mechanisms of distal axonal degeneration in peripheral neuropathies.	peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of a variety of diseases and treatments, including diabetes, cancer chemotherapy, and infectious causes (hiv, hepatitis c, and campylobacter jejuni). despite the fundamental difference between these insults, peripheral neuropathy develops as a combination of just six primary mechanisms: altered metabolism, covalent modification, altered organelle function and reactive oxygen species formation, altered intracellular and inflammatory signaling, slowed ...	2015	25617478
sialylation of helicobacter bizzozeronii lipopolysaccharides modulates toll-like receptor (tlr) 2 mediated response.	sialic acid in lipopolysaccharides (lps) of mucosal pathogens is known to be an important virulence factor. few strains of helicobacter pylori express sialyl-lewis-x and we have reported that human and canine helicobacter bizzozeronii strains express sialyl-lactoseamine in their lps. however, the role of sialyation of helicobacter lps in the interaction with the host cells is still unknown. in this study h. bizzozeronii lps is shown to activate the tlr2 in a dose and strain dependent manner in t ...	2015	25603825
type iv pilus glycosylation mediates resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa to opsonic activities of the pulmonary surfactant protein a.	pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major bacterial pathogen commonly associated with chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis (cf). previously, we have demonstrated that the type iv pilus (tfp) of p. aeruginosa mediates resistance to antibacterial effects of pulmonary surfactant protein a (sp-a). interestingly, p. aeruginosa strains with group i pilins are o-glycosylated through the tfpo glycosyltransferase with a single subunit of o-antigen (o-ag). importantly, tfpo-mediated o-glycosylation is impor ...	2015	25605768
illness in breastfeeding infants relates to concentration of lactoferrin and secretory immunoglobulin a in mother's milk.	this study aims to better understand the relationship between immune compounds in human milk and infant health. we hypothesized that the concentration of immune compounds in milk would relate to infant illness symptoms according to two possible theoretical paradigms. in the 'protective' paradigm, high concentrations of immune compounds prevent infant illness. the converse, the 'responsive' framework, posits that concentrations of immune compounds are elevated in response to infection.	2015	25608691
new role for the ankyrin repeat revealed by a study of the n-formyltransferase from providencia alcalifaciens.	n-formylated sugars such as 3,6-dideoxy-3-formamido-d-glucose (qui3nfo) have been observed on the lipopolysaccharides of various pathogenic bacteria, including providencia alcalifaciens, a known cause of gastroenteritis. these unusual carbohydrates are synthesized in vivo as dtdp-linked sugars. the biosynthetic pathway for the production of dtdp-qui3nfo requires five enzymes with the last step catalyzed by an n-formyltransferase that utilizes n(10)-tetrahydrofolate as a cofactor. here we describ ...	2015	25574689
reprogramming of yersinia from virulent to persistent mode revealed by complex in vivo rna-seq analysis.	we recently found that yersinia pseudotuberculosis can be used as a model of persistent bacterial infections. we performed in vivo rna-seq of bacteria in small cecal tissue biopsies at early and persistent stages of infection to determine strategies associated with persistence. comprehensive analysis of mixed rna populations from infected tissues revealed that y. pseudotuberculosis undergoes transcriptional reprogramming with drastic down-regulation of t3ss virulence genes during persistence whe ...	2015	25590628
expression of the functional recombinant human glycosyltransferase galnact2 in escherichia coli.	recombinant protein-based therapeutics have become indispensable for the treatment of many diseases. they are produced using well-established expression systems based on bacteria, yeast, insect and mammalian cells. the majority of therapeutic proteins are glycoproteins and therefore the post-translational attachment of sugar residues is required. the development of an engineered escherichia coli-based expression system for production of human glycoproteins could potentially lead to increased yie ...	2015	25582753
primary isolation strain determines both phage type and receptors recognised by campylobacter jejuni bacteriophages.	in this study we isolated novel bacteriophages, infecting the zoonotic bacterium campylobacter jejuni. these phages may be used in phage therapy of c. jejuni colonized poultry to prevent spreading of the bacteria to meat products causing disease in humans. many c. jejuni phages have been isolated using nctc12662 as the indicator strain, which may have biased the selection of phages. a large group of c. jejuni phages rely on the highly diverse capsular polysaccharide (cps) for infection and recen ...	2015	25585385
lack of a type-2 glycosyltransferase in the fish pathogen flavobacterium psychrophilum determines pleiotropic changes and loss of virulence.	flavobacterium psychrophilum is an important fish pathogen, responsible for cold water disease, with a significant economic impact on salmonid farms worldwide. in spite of this, little is known about the bacterial physiology and pathogenesis mechanisms, maybe because it is difficult to manipulate, being considered a fastidious microorganism. mutants obtained using a tn4351 transposon were screened in order to identify those with alteration in colony morphology, colony spreading and extracellular ...	2015	25582708
a novel cofactor-binding mode in bacterial imp dehydrogenases explains inhibitor selectivity.	the steadily rising frequency of emerging diseases and antibiotic resistance creates an urgent need for new drugs and targets. inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (imp dehydrogenase or impdh) is a promising target for the development of new antimicrobial agents. impdh catalyzes the oxidation of imp to xmp with the concomitant reduction of nad(+), which is the pivotal step in the biosynthesis of guanine nucleotides. potent inhibitors of bacterial impdhs have been identified that bind in a stru ...	2015	25572472
the anabaena sp. pcc 7120 exoproteome: taking a peek outside the box.	the interest in examining the subset of proteins present in the extracellular milieu, the exoproteome, has been growing due to novel insights highlighting their role on extracellular matrix organization and biofilm formation, but also on homeostasis and development. the cyanobacterial exoproteome is poorly studied, and the role of cyanobacterial exoproteins on cell wall biogenesis, morphology and even physiology is largely unknown. here, we present a comprehensive examination of the anabaena sp. ...	2015	25782455
giardia duodenalis-induced alterations of commensal bacteria kill caenorhabditis elegans: a new model to study microbial-microbial interactions in the gut.	giardia duodenalis is the most common cause of parasitic diarrhea worldwide and a well-established risk factor for postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome. we hypothesized that giardia-induced disruptions in host-microbiota interactions may play a role in the pathogenesis of giardiasis and in postgiardiasis disease. functional changes induced by giardia in commensal bacteria and the resulting effects on caenorhabditis elegans were determined. although giardia or bacteria alone did not affect wor ...	2015	25573177
microbiota-mediated inflammation and antimicrobial defense in the intestine.	the diverse microbial populations constituting the intestinal microbiota promote immune development and differentiation, but because of their complex metabolic requirements and the consequent difficulty culturing them, they remained, until recently, largely uncharacterized and mysterious. in the last decade, deep nucleic acid sequencing platforms, new computational and bioinformatics tools, and full-genome characterization of several hundred commensal bacterial species facilitated studies of the ...	2015	25581310
respiratory paralysis in a child: the severe axonal variant of childhood guillain-barré syndrome.	guillain-barre syndrome (gbs) is a common cause of acute flaccid paralysis in children. axonal variants of this disease are rare, and frequently life-threatening or debilitating. the course and outcome of a 17-month-old child with acute flaccid paralysis including severe respiratory involvement are presented. gbs was suspected. nerve conduction studies demonstrated acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy including both phrenic nerves. the difficulties with the diagnosis and management of this seve ...	2015	25878751
the role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome.	infectious triggers are associated with the induction of transient antiphospholipid antibodies. one therefore wonders if microbes that permanently colonize us play a role in the pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome (aps). the microbiota represents the collection of all microorganisms colonizing humans and is necessary for normal host physiology. the microbiota, however, is a constant stress on the immune system, which is tasked with recognizing and eliminating pathogenic microbes while tole ...	2015	25475595
pediatric guillain-barré syndrome: indicators for a severe course.	this study aims to retrospectively evaluate pediatric guillain-barré syndrome cases in a tertiary center in istanbul, turkey.	2015	25745306
guillain - barre syndrome in a patient with acute myocardial infarction with ventricular septal defect repair treated with plasma exchange.	guillain - barre syndrome (gbs) is an acute, frequently severe progressive illness of peripheral nervous system that is autoimmune in nature. gbs after myocardial infarction (mi) with ventricular septal defect (vsd) is uncommon with high mortality rate if not treated promptly.[1] we report a successful outcome of gbs post mi with vsd in a 60-year-old male patient who was on a ventilator treated successfully with therapeutic plasma exchange.	2015	25722582
enteropathogens detected in a daycare center, southeastern brazil: bacteria, virus, and parasite research.	the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and etiological profile of enteropathogens in children from a daycare center.	2015	25651323
cloning, expression, refolding, purification and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the sensory domain of the campylobacter chemoreceptor for aspartate a (ccaa).	in campylobacter jejuni, chemotaxis and motility have been identified as important virulence factors that are required for host colonization and invasion. chemotactic recognition of extracellular signals is mediated by the periplasmic sensory domains of its transducer-like proteins (tlps). in this study, the sensory domain of the c. jejuni chemoreceptor for aspartate a (ccaa) has been expressed in escherichia coli and purified from inclusion bodies. the urea-denatured protein was refolded and th ...	2015	25615981
participatory evaluation of chicken health and production constraints in ethiopia.	chicken production has a major role in the economy of developing countries and backyard production is particularly important to women. several programmes, in ethiopia and elsewhere, have attempted to improve chicken production as a means to reduce poverty. a key constraint to chicken production identified by farmers is disease. this study used participatory rural appraisal methods to work with chicken-keepers in order to prioritise chicken diseases, place these within the context of other produc ...	2015	25466215
chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of juniperus excelsa bieb. (cupressaceae) grown in r. macedonia.	there are no information of the yield, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of berries (eob) or leaves (eol) of juniperus excelsa bieb. (cupressaceae) growing wild in r. macedonia.	2015	25598638