Publications

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[analysis of sites of toxoplasma gondii sag2 gene in blood of hiv-positive people in lincang city, yunnan province].to preliminarily understand the genotype characteristics of toxoplasma gondii in blood of hiv-positive persons in lincang city, yunnan province.201526094410
recombinant mag1 protein of toxoplasma gondii as a diagnostic antigen.the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential diagnostic usefulness of the full-length recombinant toxoplasma gondii mag1 protein by determining the levels of specific igm and igg antibodies in mouse and human sera obtained from individuals with acute and chronic toxoplasmosis. the obtained results revealed that igg antibodies against mag1 are a sensitive and specific marker of t. gondii infection since the protein was recognized by both mouse and human sera, 100% and 94.3%, respectively, ...201526094316
cutting edge: ifn-γ produced by brain-resident cells is crucial to control cerebral infection with toxoplasma gondii.in vitro studies demonstrated that microglia and astrocytes produce ifn-γ in response to various stimulations, including lps. however, the physiological role of ifn-γ production by brain-resident cells, including glial cells, in resistance against cerebral infections remains unknown. we analyzed the role of ifn-γ production by brain-resident cells in resistance to reactivation of cerebral infection with toxoplasma gondii using a murine model. our study using bone marrow chimeric mice revealed th ...201526091720
generation and identification of peptide-based monoclonal antibodies against vacuolar proton pyrophosphatase of toxoplasma gondii.vacuolar proton pyrophosphatase (v-ppase), an electrogenic proton pump widely distributed in non-mammalian species, is one of the important targets for acidocalcisomes. in this study, a novel method of peptide-based antibody generation was performed to produce monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against toxoplasma gondii v-ppase. three hybridomas were identified and confirmed by elisa, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. all of them can react with an 85 kda band of t. gondii protein in purified a ...201526090597
toxoplasma gondii seropositivity in renal patients: rate, pattern, predictors and related morbidity.infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (ckd) due to their depressed immunity. t. gondii is a ubiquitous parasite that causes severe manifestations in immunocomprmised patients. the present study investigated rate, pattern, predictors and related morbidity of t. gondii seropositivity in ckd patients. the study included four groups: i- patients on maintenance hemodialysis (hd; n = 60); ii- patients with systemic lupus erythematosus on im ...201526084054
toxoplasma actin is required for efficient host cell invasion.apicomplexan parasites actively invade host cells using a mechanism predicted to be powered by a parasite actin-dependent myosin motor. in the model apicomplexan toxoplasma gondii, inducible knockout of the actin gene, act1, was recently demonstrated to limit but not completely abolish invasion. this observation has led to the provocative suggestion that t. gondii possesses alternative, act1-independent invasion pathways. here, we dissected the residual invasive ability of δact1 parasites. surpr ...201526081631
[observation of the feline intestinal epithelial cell infected with toxoplasma gondii].small intestine samples of neonatal cat were aseptically collected from the jejunum-ileum region and digested with collagenase xi/dispase i. immunohistochemistry results showed that feline intestinal epithelial cells were successfully isolated and could be cultured. cytokeratin was positive in the cytoplasm of feline intestinal epithelial cells. the cells were infected with the bradyzoites of toxoplasma gondii prugniaud strain, and the rupture of the cells was observed on the 72nd day post-infec ...201526080524
[effect of toxoplasma gondii infection in female mice on dopamine level in the brain of the male offspring].to investigate the effect of toxoplasma gondii infection in female mice on dopamine level in the brain of male offspring.201526080523
[overexpression of toxoplasam gondii rop18 by tet-on lentivirus expression system].to construct a 293t mutant cell line over-expressing rop18 of toxoplasma gondii by tet-on lentivirus expression system.201526080522
[construction and identification of transgenic strain of toxoplasma gondii high-expressing virulence factor rop18].to construct a transgenic strain of toxoplasma gondii high-expressing rop18.201526080519
effect of 3-bromopyruvate and atovaquone on infection during in vitro interaction of toxoplasma gondii and llc-mk2 cells.toxoplasma gondii infection can be severe during pregnancy and in immunocompromised patients. current therapies for toxoplasmosis are restricted to tachyzoites and have little or no effect on bradyzoites, which are maintained in tissue cysts. consequently, new therapeutic alternatives have been proposed as the use of atovaquone has demonstrated partial efficacy against tachyzoites and bradyzoites. this work studies the effect of 3-bromopyruvate (3-brpa), a compound that is being tested against c ...201526077255
toxoplasma gondii toc75 functions in import of stromal but not peripheral apicoplast proteins.apicomplexa are unicellular parasites causing important human and animal diseases, including malaria and toxoplasmosis. most of these pathogens possess a relict but essential plastid, the apicoplast. the apicoplast was acquired by secondary endosymbiosis between a red alga and a flagellated eukaryotic protist. as a result the apicoplast is surrounded by four membranes. this complex structure necessitates a system of transport signals and translocons allowing nuclear encoded proteins to find thei ...201526381927
fatal disseminated toxoplasma gondii infection in a captive harbour porpoise (phocoena phocoena).a 7-year-old female harbour porpoise (phocoena phocoena), born and held in captivity, suffered from reduced consciousness, imprecise and circling swimming movements and long phases of immobility over a period of 3 weeks. the animal died during treatment in a danish open sea facility. pathological examination revealed multifocal pyogranulomatous to necrotizing meningoencephalomyelitis, ganglioneuritis, plexus chorioiditis, myocarditis, hepatitis and adrenalitis with few intralesional protozoal ta ...201526381675
interferon-gamma release assay: an effective tool to detect early toxoplasma gondii infection in mice.early diagnosis of toxoplasma gondii infection before the formation of tissue cysts is vital for treatment, as drugs available for toxoplasmosis cannot kill bradyzoites contained in the cysts. however, current methods, such as antibody-based elisa, are ineffective for detection of early infection. here, we developed an interferon-gamma release assay (igra), measuring the ifn-γ released by t lymphocytes stimulated by toxoplasma antigen peptides in vitro, for the detection of t. gondii infection i ...201526378802
calcium signaling throughout the toxoplasma gondii lytic cycle: a study using genetically encoded calcium indicators.toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that invades host cells, creating a parasitophorous vacuole where it communicates with the host cell cytosol through the parasitophorous vacuole membrane. the lytic cycle of the parasite starts with its exit from the host cell followed by gliding motility, conoid extrusion, attachment, and invasion of another host cell. here, we report that ca(2+) oscillations occur in the cytosol of the parasite during egress, gliding, and invasion, which ...201526374900
the effect of latent toxoplasma gondii infection on the immune response in hiv-infected patients.a relationship between latent toxoplasmosis and the immune system during hiv disease is poorly understood. therefore, the aim of this follow-up study was to characterize immunological parameters in hiv-infected patients with latent toxoplasmosis and noninfected individuals. a total of 101 hiv-infected patients were enrolled in the study. the patients were classified into two groups based on anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies: a group of 55 toxoplasma-positive persons (tp) and a group of 46 toxopl ...201526247013
mortality patterns in endangered hawaiian geese (nene; branta sandvicensis).understanding causes of death can aid management and recovery of endangered bird populations. toward those ends, we systematically examined 300 carcasses of endangered hawaiian geese (nene; branta sandvicensis) from hawaii, maui, molokai, and kauai between 1992 and 2013. the most common cause of death was emaciation, followed by trauma (vehicular strikes and predation), and infectious/inflammatory diseases of which toxoplasmosis (infection with toxoplasma gondii) predominated. toxicoses were les ...201526161721
pathological changes in acute experimental toxoplasmosis with toxoplasma gondii strains obtained from human cases of congenital disease.there is a lack of studies using toxoplasma gondii strains isolated from human patients. here, we present a pathological study of three strains obtained from human cases of congenital toxoplasmosis in brazil using inbred mice after oral infection with 10 tissue cysts. multiplex-nested pcr-rflp of eleven loci revealed atypical genotypes commonly found in brazil: toxodb #8 for tgctbr5 and tgctbr16 strains and toxodb #11 for the tgctbr9 strain. balb/c and c57bl/6 mice were evaluated for survival an ...201526072201
seroprevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies in cattle and pigs in ibadan, nigeria.toxoplasmosis is an important food borne parasitic zoonoses. however, data on toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic animals mostly used for human consumption in nigeria are scarce. we thus conducted a survey on the seroprevalence of t. gondii infection in a representative sample of cattle and pigs in farms and the abattoirs between june and december 2012. sera from 210 cattle (both sexes) and 302 pigs (both sexes), were examined for t. gondii specific igg antibodies by indirect enzyme linked i ...201526064025
seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies of stray cats in garmsar, iran.toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by protozoan, toxoplasma gondii. the infection may be serious if is transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy. the infection in non-exposure mothers leads to abortion, congenital disorders and blindness. infections of human are common and are usually asymptomatic but it is so dangerous in immunosuppressed and hiv positive patients. the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasma igg antibodies in cats of garmsar. from d ...201526064024
toxoplasma gondii: sexual transmission in mice.this study was performed to evaluate sexual transmission of toxoplasma gondii in mice. rh strain tachyzoites were intraperitoneally inoculated into 10 balb/c male mice and after 48 h, their semen were collected from epididymis and examined by giemsa staining and pcr. twenty balb/c female mice mated with four infected male mice four times and any mating time was 48 h whilst 20 female control mice mated with four uninfected male mice for 8 days. female mate choice was assessed using a three-chambe ...201526064011
mapping of the environmental contamination of toxoplasma gondii by georeferencing isolates from chickens in an endemic area in southeast rio de janeiro state, brazil.the environmental contamination of toxoplasma gondii in an endemic area in brazil was mapped by georeferencing isolates from chickens in farms in the southeast of the state of rio de janeiro. tissue samples obtained from 153 adult chickens were analyzed by the mouse bioassay for t. gondii infection. these animals were reared free-range on 51 farms in the municipalities of rio bonito and maricá. the arcgis kernel density estimator based on the frequency of t. gondii-positive chickens was used to ...201526054514
lack of a functioning p2x7 receptor leads to increased susceptibility to toxoplasmic ileitis.oral infection of c57bl/6j mice with the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii leads to a lethal inflammatory ileitis.201526053862
investigation of the protective properties of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-based vaccine candidates in a toxoplasma gondii mouse challenge model.vaccination against the ubiquitous parasite toxoplasma gondii would provide the most efficient prevention against toxoplasmosis-related congenital, brain and eye diseases in humans. we investigated the immune response elicited by pathogen-specific glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) glycoconjugates using carbohydrate microarrays in a balb/c mouse model. we further examined the protective properties of the glycoconjugates in a lethal challenge model using the virulent t. gondii rh strain. upon imm ...201526044798
genome-wide expression patterns of calcium-dependent protein kinases in toxoplasma gondii.calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) are found in plants and some apicomplexan parasites but not in animals or fungi. cdpks have been shown to play important roles in various calcium-signaling pathways such as host cell invasion, egress and protein secretion in toxoplasma gondii. the objectives of the present study were to examine the t. gondii cdpk genes expression patterns during different development stages and stress responses.201526040276
toxoplasmosis-related knowledge and preventive practices among undergraduate female students in jordan.foodborne toxoplasmosis is a leading cause of foodborne deaths and hospitalization worldwide. the level of exposure to toxoplasma gondii is influenced by culture and eating habits. there is a scarcity of data about women's knowledge and perception of this disease. the aim of this study was to determine toxoplasmosis knowledge and preventive practices of young childbearing age women in jordan. a descriptive cross-sectional study recruited a random sample of 1,390 undergraduate university female s ...201526038907
seroprevalence, risk factors and genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii in free-range white yaks (bos grunniens) in china.the objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence, risk factors and genotypes of toxoplasma gondii in white yaks (bos grunniens) in china. a total of 974 serum samples were collected from white yaks in tianzhu tibetan autonomous county (ttac), gansu province, northwest china for detecting t. gondii antibodies by the modified agglutination test (mat), and 414 tissues belonging to 138 white yaks were collected for detecting t. gondii dna by amplification of b1 gene with a semi-nested ...201526038187
isolation and genetic characterization of viable toxoplasma gondii from tissues and feces of cats from the central region of china.cats are important in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis because they are the only definitive hosts that excrete environmentally resistant toxoplasma gondii oocysts. little is known of feline toxoplasmosis in china and most of the literature is in chinese. here we summarized all published reports on feline toxoplasmosis in english and report first identification of oocyst excretion by naturally infected cats in china. unfrozen tissues of 42 cats and feces of 360 cats from china were bioassayed in ...201526033402
concentration and retention of toxoplasma gondii oocysts by marine snails demonstrate a novel mechanism for transmission of terrestrial zoonotic pathogens in coastal ecosystems.the parasite toxoplasma gondii is an environmentally persistent pathogen that can cause fatal disease in humans, terrestrial warm-blooded animals and aquatic mammals. although an association between t. gondii exposure and prey specialization on marine snails was identified in threatened california sea otters, the ability of kelp-dwelling snails to transmit terrestrially derived pathogens has not been previously investigated. the objective of this study was to measure concentration and retention ...201526033089
relationship between toxoplasma gondii and mood disturbance in women veterans.toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite with zoonotic potential that causes acute and chronic diseases, which has been associated with schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, and suicidal behavior. military personnel may be at increased risk for exposure to the parasite when deployed to countries with high prevalence rates.201526032378
a noncanonical autophagy pathway restricts toxoplasma gondii growth in a strain-specific manner in ifn-γ-activated human cells.a core set of autophagy proteins is required for gamma interferon (ifn-γ)-mediated clearance of toxoplasma gondii in the mouse because of their control of several downstream effectors, including immunity-related gtpases (irgs) and guanylate-binding proteins (gbps). however, these effectors are absent (i.e., irgs) from or nonessential (i.e., gbps) in ifn-γ-activated human cells, raising the question of how these cells control parasite replication. here, we define a novel role for ubiquitination a ...201526350966
novel approaches reveal that toxoplasma gondii bradyzoites within tissue cysts are dynamic and replicating entities in vivo.despite their critical role in chronic toxoplasmosis, the biology of toxoplasma gondii bradyzoites is poorly understood. in an attempt to address this gap, we optimized approaches to purify tissue cysts and analyzed the replicative potential of bradyzoites within these cysts. in order to quantify individual bradyzoites within tissue cysts, we have developed imaging software, bradycount 1.0, that allows the rapid establishment of bradyzoite burdens within imaged optical sections of purified tissu ...201526350965
the effect of toxofilin on the structure and dynamics of monomeric actin.the effects of toxofilin (an actin binding protein of toxoplasma gondii) on g-actin was studied with spectroscopy techniques. fluorescence anisotropy measurements proved that g-actin and toxofilin interact with 2:1 stoichiometry. the affinity of toxofilin to actin was also determined with a fluorescence anisotropy assay. fluorescence quenching experiments showed that the accessibility of the actin bound ε-atp decreased in the presence of toxofilin. the results can be explained by the shift of th ...201526348398
detection of toxoplasma gondii dna in naturally infected sheep's milk.the objective of this study was to verify whether toxoplasma gondii is excreted in the milk of naturally infected sheep. in order to accomplish this, 275 lactating ewes were used; these were bred extensively in 17 estates distributed across nine cities. polymerase chain reaction amplification was used to detect t. gondii dna in milk samples, and the indirect immunofluorescence test was employed for the detection of anti-t. gondii igg antibodies in the sera, with a cut-off value of 1:64. it was p ...201526345797
sequence variation in the toxoplasma gondii rop20 gene among strains from different hosts and geographical locations.toxoplasma gondii, an opportunistic protozoan parasite, infects almost all warm-blooded animals. in this study, we examined the sequence variation in rhoptry protein 20 (rop20) genes among 18 t. gondii isolates collected from different hosts and geographical regions. full length rop20 genes were amplified and sequenced. the results showed that the genes were 1659 bp in length and contained only a single exon, and that the a+t content varied from 46.68 to 47.20% among the 18 strains. the results ...201526345768
seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in mithun (bos frontalis) from north eastern hilly region of india.mithun (bos frontalis) is mostly utilized for meat purpose by the local tribal people of north eastern hilly region of india. meat born diseases are very important issues for the people of these areas from the public health point of view. in order to realize the issues, the serological prevalence of toxoplasmosis was carried out as per elisa kit (chekit* toxotest, idexx laboratory, usa) to find out toxoplasma gondii antibody. as a whole, out of 195 animals examined, only 8 (4.10 %) animals were ...201526345071
a comparative study between excretory/secretory and autoclaved vaccines against rh strain of toxoplasma gondii in murine models.toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan that has a major importance in public health, in addition to veterinary medicine. therefore, the development of an effective vaccine for controlling toxoplasmosis is an important goal. excretory/secretory antigens (esa), were previously identified as potential vaccine candidates, proved to play important roles in the pathogenesis and immune escape of the parasite. in addition, autoclaved toxoplasma vaccine (atv) is a special type of killed ...201526345065
the effect of toxoplasmosis on the level of some sex hormones in males blood donors in baghdad.toxoplasma gondii is a unique intracellular parasite, which infect a large proportion of the world population, but uncommonly causes clinically significant disease. the present study was performed to estimate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in 400 apparently healthy blood donor males, their ages were between 18 and 57 years using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and to examine the effects of infection on total testosterone, free testosterone and follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) levels in the ...201526345040
predilection sites for toxoplasma gondii in sheep tissues revealed by magnetic capture and real-time pcr detection.undercooked lamb and mutton are common sources of toxoplasma gondii infection for humans. a sequence specific magnetic capture technique in combination with quantitative real-time pcr targeting the 529 bp repeat element of t. gondii was used for estimation of the parasite burdens in various sheep tissues (n = 6) three months after peroral experimental inoculation with 10,000 t. gondii oocysts. brain was the most frequently affected organ (positive in all 6 sheep) and showed the highest estimated ...201526338129
quantitative detection of toxoplasma gondii in tissues of experimentally infected turkeys and in retail turkey products by magnetic-capture pcr.magnetic-capture pcr was applied for the quantitative detection of toxoplasma gondii in tissues of experimentally infected turkeys and retail turkey meat products. for experimental infection, three t. gondii strains (me49, cz-tiger, ned), varying infectious doses in different matrices (organisms in single mouse brains or 10(3), 10(5), or 10(6) oocysts in buffer) were used. from all animals, breast, thigh, and drumstick muscle tissues and for cz-tiger-infected animals additionally brains and hear ...201526338112
towards vaccine against toxoplasmosis: evaluation of the immunogenic and protective activity of recombinant rop5 and rop18 toxoplasma gondii proteins.toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasitic infections worldwide. an effective vaccine against human and animal toxoplasmosis is still needed to control this parasitosis. the polymorphic rhoptry proteins, rop5 and rop18, secreted by toxoplasma gondii during the invasion of the host cell have been recently considered as promising vaccine antigens, as they appear to be the major determinants of t. gondii virulence in mice. the goal of this study was to evaluate their immunogenic and immunopr ...201526337271
long-term relationships: the complicated interplay between the host and the developmental stages of toxoplasma gondii during acute and chronic infections.toxoplasma gondii represents one of the most common parasitic infections in the world. the asexual cycle can occur within any warm-blooded animal, but the sexual cycle is restricted to the feline intestinal epithelium. t. gondii is acquired through consumption of tissue cysts in undercooked meat as well as food and water contaminated with oocysts. once ingested, it differentiates into a rapidly replicating asexual form and disseminates throughout the body during acute infection. after stimulatio ...201526335719
further evidence that naphthoquinone inhibits toxoplasma gondii growth in vitro.toxoplasmosis is a widely disseminated disease caused by toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular protozoan parasite. standard treatment causes many side effects, such as depletion of bone marrow cells, skin rashes and gastrointestinal implications. therefore, it is necessary to find chemotherapeutic alternatives for the treatment of this disease. it was shown that a naphthoquinone derivative compound is active against t. gondii, rh strain, with an ic50 around 2.5 μm. here, three different naphthoqui ...201526335616
toxoplasma gondii infection suppresses house dust mite extract-induced atopic dermatitis in nc/nga mice.toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that infects humans and animals via congenital or postnatal routes, and it is found worldwide. modulation of the immune system by parasite infection is proposed to suppress allergic inflammation. growing evidences have shown that interleukin (il)-10-producing regulatory b cells (b(regs)) and cd4+cd25+foxp3+ regulatory t cells (t(regs)) induced by parasite infection play a critical role in allergic or autoimmune disease ...201526333702
lytic cycle of toxoplasma gondii: 15 years later.toxoplasmosis is the clinical and pathological consequence of acute infection with the obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite toxoplasma gondii. symptoms result from tissue destruction that accompanies lytic parasite growth. this review updates current understanding of the host cell invasion, parasite replication, and eventual egress that constitute the lytic cycle, as well as the ways t. gondii manipulates host cells to ensure its survival. since the publication of a previous iteration of ...201526332089
the prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in horses in changji hui autonomous prefecture, xinjiang, northwestern china.toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by toxoplasma gondii, which can infect warm-blooded animals and humans. the present study was performed to investigate the seroprevalence of t. gondii in horses in xinjiang, northwestern china. a total of 637 blood samples were collected from seven regions in changji hui autonomous prefecture, xinjiang in 2011 and assayed for t. gondiiantibodies using the modified agglutination test (mat). risk factors (age, gender, and region) related to seroprevalen ...201526331867
toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein rop16 mediates partially sh-sy5y cells apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by directing ser15/37 phosphorylation of p53.toxoplasma rhoptries, an unusual set of apical organelles that are associated with toxoplasma infection may cause subversion of the host cell functions. parasite rhoptry protein 16 (rop16) is a regulator of host cell transcription during cell invasion in which it migrates into the host cell cytoplasm and subsequently localizes to the nucleus. in the present study, we found that overexpression of rop16 could partially mediate human neuroblastoma sh-sy5y apoptosis (12.47%) and cell cycle arrest in ...201526327815
trophoblast-macrophage crosstalk on human extravillous under toxoplasma gondii infection.the interaction between human extravillous trophoblasts and macrophages has an important role in implantation and placentation. however, any dysfunction in this communication system is associated with pregnancy pitfalls, and a toxoplasma gondii infection can be a potential problem in this crosstalk. therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of infected macrophages on cytokine production and the incidence of apoptosis in t. gondii-infected extravillous trophoblast cells.201526324321
prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in dogs in zhanjiang, southern china.toxoplasmosis, caused by toxoplasma gondii, is a parasitic zoonosis with worldwide distribution. the present study investigated the prevalence of t. gondii in dogs in zhanjiang city, southern china, using both serological and molecular detection. a total of 364 serum samples and 432 liver tissue samples were collected from the slaughter house between december 2012 and january 2013 and were examined for t. gondii igg antibody by elisa and t. gondii dna by semi-nested pcr based on b1 gene, respect ...201526323850
seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii among primary school children in shandong province, china.although toxoplasma gondii infection in primary school children has been investigated in many countries, limited surveys have been available in primary school children in china. in the present study, we report the seroprevalence of t. gondii infection in primary school children in shandong province, china. sera from 6,000 primary school children were evaluated for t. gondii antibodies with elisa. the overall seroprevalence of t. gondii infection was 16.0% (961/6,000), of which 14.5% (870/6,000) ...201526323849
a game-theoretic approach to valuating toxoplasmosis vaccination strategies.the protozoan toxoplasma gondii is a parasite often found in wild and domestic cats, and it is the cause of the disease toxoplasmosis. more than 60 million people in the united states carry the parasite, and the centers for disease control have placed toxoplasmosis in their disease classification group neglected parasitic infections as one of five parasitic diseases targeted as priorities for public health action. in recent years, there has been significant progress toward the development of a p ...201526319752
construction and identification of complex dna vaccine of hepatitis b and toxoplasma gondii.to construct and identify multi-gene recombinant expression vector pcdna3-hbsag-p30-rop2.201526309572
allosteric activation of apicomplexan calcium-dependent protein kinases.calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) comprise the major group of ca2+-regulated kinases in plants and protists. it has long been assumed that cdpks are activated, like other ca2+-regulated kinases, by derepression of the kinase domain (kd). however, we found that removal of the autoinhibitory domain from toxoplasma gondii cdpk1 is not sufficient for kinase activation. from a library of heavy chain-only antibody fragments (vhhs), we isolated an antibody (1b7) that binds tgcdpk1 in a conforma ...201526305940
the rural-urban effect on spatial genetic structure of type ii toxoplasma gondii strains involved in human congenital toxoplasmosis, france, 2002-2009.congenital toxoplasmosis involves toxoplasma gondii type ii strains in 95% of cases in france. we used spatial principal component analysis (spca) and 15 microsatellite markers to investigate the spatial genetic structure of type ii strains involved in 240 cases of congenital toxoplasmosis in france from 2002 through 2009. mailing addresses of patients were geo-referenced a posteriori in decimal degrees and categorized into urban or rural areas of residence. no spatial genetic structure was foun ...201526305624
isolation and molecular characterization of toxoplasma gondii in a colony of captive black-capped squirrel monkeys (saimiri boliviensis).toxoplasmosis is commonly asymptomatic; however, it can be a fatal multisystemic disease in some animal species, such as new world monkeys. an outbreak of acute fatal toxoplasmosis was reported in a colony of black-capped squirrel monkeys (saimiri boliviensis) from the zoo of la plata, argentina. post-mortem examination of two monkeys revealed macroscopical and microscopical lesions compatible with acute toxoplasmosis. the presence of toxoplasma gondii was confirmed by immunohistochemistry on mo ...201526299363
anti-toxoplasma activities of methanolic extract of sambucus nigra (caprifoliaceae) fruits and leaves.toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular parasite that infects a wide range of warm-blooded animals and humans. considering the severity of toxoplasmosis, side effects of current treatments, and the contribution of the ethnopharmacological knowledge for the treatment of parasitic infections, the aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of methanolic extracts from the fruits and leaves of sambucus nigra against tachyzoite of t gondii. for this, fruits and leaves of s. nigr ...201526299111
early detection of toxoplasma gondii-infected cats by interferon-gamma release assay.felines, the only definitive hosts that shed the environmentally-durable oocysts, are the key in the transmission of toxoplasma gondii to all warm-blooded animals. they seroconvert as late as the third week and begin to shed oocysts as early as 3-8 days after being fed tissue cysts. early detection of toxoplasma-infected cats is crucial to evaluate toxoplasma-contaminated environment and potential risks to public health. moreover, it is fundamental for toxoplasma infection control. interferon-ga ...201526297953
effect of parasitic infection on dopamine biosynthesis in dopaminergic cells.infection by the neurotropic agent toxoplasma gondii alters rodent behavior and can result in neuropsychiatric symptoms in humans. little is understood regarding the effects of infection on host neural processes but alterations to dopaminergic neurotransmission are implicated. we have previously reported elevated levels of dopamine (da) in infected dopaminergic cells however the involvement of the host enzymes and fate of the produced da were not defined. in order to clarify the effects of infec ...201526297895
development of new highly potent imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines targeting toxoplasma gondii calcium-dependent protein kinase 1.using a structure-based design approach, we have developed a new series of imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines, targeting the calcium-dependent protein kinase-1 (cdpk1) from toxoplasma gondii. twenty derivatives were thus synthesized. structure-activity relationships and docking studies confirmed the binding mode of these inhibitors within the atp binding pocket of tgcdpk1. two lead compounds (16a and 16f) were then identified, which were able to block tgcdpk1 enzymatic activity at low nanomolar concentra ...201526479029
association of systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma and active toxoplasmosis in a child.anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a subset of non-hodgkin lymphoma and an unusual disease in children.201526478795
a toxoplasma gondii vaccine encoding multistage antigens in conjunction with ubiquitin confers protective immunity to balb/c mice against parasite infection.toxoplasma gondii is a widely prevalent intracellular parasite which infects almost all warm-blooded animals including humans and causes serious zoonotic toxoplasmosis. dna vaccines have proved effective in the protection against parasites. however, the problems of weak immunity and inefficient delivery of dna vaccine remain major issues. therefore, comprehensive antigens derived from all stages of the parasite, effective adjuvants and delivery systems should be considered in the vaccine constru ...201526420606
clinically available medicines demonstrating anti-toxoplasma activity.toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite of humans and other mammals, including livestock and companion animals. while chemotherapeutic regimens, including pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine regimens, ameliorate acute or recrudescent disease such as toxoplasmic encephalitis or ocular toxoplasmosis, these drugs are often toxic to the host. moreover, no approved options are available to treat infected women who are pregnant. lastly, no drug regimen has shown the ability to eradicate the chronic s ...201526392504
reduction of toxoplasma gondii development due to inhibition of parasite antioxidant enzymes by a dinuclear iron(iii) compound.toxoplasma gondii, the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, is an obligate intracellular protozoan that can infect a wide range of vertebrate cells. here, we describe the cytotoxic effects of the dinuclear iron compound [fe(hpcinol)(so4)]2-μ-oxo, in which hpcinol is the ligand 1-(bis-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-amino)-3-chloropropan-2-ol, on t. gondii infecting llc-mk2 host cells. this compound was not toxic to llc-mk2 cells at concentrations of up to 200 μm but was very active against the parasite, with a ...201526392498
toxoplasmosis in sentinel chickens (gallus domesticus) in new england farms: seroconversion, distribution of tissue cysts in brain, heart, and skeletal muscle by bioassay in mice and cats.free-range chickens are a good indicator of soil contamination with oocysts because they feed from the ground and they are also an important source of infection for cats that in turn shed oocysts after eating tissues of intermediate hosts. little is known of the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in chickens. in the present study 90 toxoplasma gondii seronegative, sentinel chickens were placed on three (30 each) swine farms in new england in november, 2003. chickens were bled monthly and their sera w ...201526391819
flt3 ligand is essential for survival and protective immune responses during toxoplasmosis.dendritic cells (dcs) are critical for resistance to toxoplasma gondii, and infection with this pathogen leads to increased numbers of dcs at local sites of parasite replication and in secondary lymphoid organs, but the factors that regulate this expansion are poorly understood. the cytokine flt3 ligand (flt3l) is critical for the generation and maintenance of dcs, and flt3l(-/-) mice were found to be highly susceptible to acute toxoplasmosis. this phenotype correlated with decreased production ...201526385522
contribution of il6 -174 g>c and il1b +3954 c>t polymorphisms to congenital infection with toxoplasma gondii.the purpose of this investigation was the determination of the distribution of genotypes and alleles, residing within interleukin 6 (il6) and interleukin 1 (il1) polymorphisms, among fetuses and neonates, congenitally infected with toxoplasma gondii, and among uninfected control cases. the study included 22 fetuses and newborns infected with t. gondii and 49 control cases. screening for igg and igm antibodies against the parasite and igg avidity was performed by enzyme-linked fluorescent assay ( ...201526385345
toxoplasma gondii serology and outcomes after heart transplantation: contention in the literature.toxoplasma gondii is an endemic pathogen to which approximately half of healthy patients develop antibodies. toxoplasma serology is routinely assessed prior to heart transplantation. it has been suggested that donor or recipient toxoplasma serologic status may be associated with poor long-term outcomes post-transplantation, but current literature reveals conflicting results.201526293079
molecular detection and genotypic characterization of toxoplasma gondii in wild waterfowls in jilin province, northeastern china.toxoplasma gondii can infect almost warm-blooded animals, including humans. limited information about t. gondii infection in wild waterfowls is available in china. the present study was conducted to determine prevalence and genotype t. gondii infection in 11 wild waterfowl species in jilin province, northeastern china. a total of 249 wild waterfowls were sampled between april and july 2013 from jilin province, and the tissue samples were collected for the detection of t. gondii by a semi-nested ...201526292258
rhoptry proteins rop5 and rop18 are major murine virulence factors in genetically divergent south american strains of toxoplasma gondii.toxoplasma gondii has evolved a number of strategies to evade immune responses in its many hosts. previous genetic mapping of crosses between clonal type 1, 2, and 3 strains of t. gondii, which are prevalent in europe and north america, identified two rhoptry proteins, rop5 and rop18, that function together to block innate immune mechanisms activated by interferon gamma (ifng) in murine hosts. however, the contribution of these and other virulence factors in more genetically divergent south amer ...201526291965
synthesis of the cyanobacterial metabolite nostodione a, structural studies and potent antiparasitic activity against toxoplasma gondii.a total synthesis of the cyanobacterial natural product nostodione a is reported involving a convergent, diversity-oriented route, enabling the assembly of a mini-library of structural analogues. the first single crystal x-ray structural determination on a member of this series is reported along with sar studies identifying potent inhibitors of invasion and replication of the parasitic protozoan toxoplasma gondii.201526291306
prevalence and risk factors for toxoplasma gondii in sheep in the state of paraíba, northeastern brazil.the aims of this survey were to determine the flock-level and animal-level prevalences of anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sheep in the state of paraíba, northeastern brazil, and to identify risk factors. blood samples were collected from 540 sheep in 63 flocks in 14 municipalities in the sertão mesoregion. to serologically diagnose t. gondiii nfection, the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (ifat) was used. flocks with at least one seropositive animal were considered positive. among t ...201526291143
comparison of toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in shelter cats and dogs during 1999-2001 and 2009-2011 in tokyo, japan.toxoplasma gondii is an important human health concern with respect to abortion, congenital hydrocephalus, and encephalitis in immunocompromised people. cats and dogs both are potential sources of t. gondii because they have close contact with humans. however, no epidemiological surveys have been conducted in tokyo over the past decade. therefore, the present study investigated and compared the seroprevalence of t. gondii infection in shelter cats and dogs during 1999-2001 and 2009-2011 in tokyo ...201526284780
impact of toxoplasma gondii on dendritic cell subset function in the intestinal mucosa.the function of mucosal dendritic cell (dc) subsets in immunity and inflammation is not well understood. in this study, we define four dc subsets present within the lamina propria and mesenteric lymph node compartments based on expression of cd103 and cd11b. using il-12p40 yfp (yet40) reporter mice, we show that cd103(+)cd11b(-) mucosal dcs are primary in vivo sources of il-12p40; we also identified cd103(-)cd11b(-) mucosal dcs as a novel population producing this cytokine. infection was prefere ...201526283477
flawed analyses undermine proposed relationship between childhood cat ownership and schizophrenia. 201526281968
seroprevalence of antibodies of neospora spp. and toxoplasma gondii in horses from southern italy.the consumption of horse meat has been epidemiologically linked to clinical toxoplasmosis in humans and neosporosis that may cause clinical illness in horses. here we determined seroprevalence of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii nicolle et manceaux, 1908 and species of neospora dubey, carpenter, speer, topper et uggla, 1988 in horses from italy. blood samples were collected from 643 apparently healthy horses from 60 farms of 51 municipalities in southern italy. the presence of antibodies aga ...201526278845
the influence of latent toxoplasmosis on women's reproductive function: four cross-sectional studies.several studies have investigated the association between infection with toxoplasma gondii (nicolle et manceaux, 1908), pregnancy and fertility, but the results of studies focused on the fertility are rather ambiguous. here we report results of four new cross-sectional studies. the studies were performed in the general university hospital, prague (study a with n = 1 165, and study c with n = 317), in private clinics of the centre of reproductive medicine, prague (study b with n = 1 016), and in ...201526278510
[preparation and identification of rabbit polyclonal antibodies against vacuolar proton pyrophosphatase type i of toxoplasma gondii].to prepare and characterize rabbit polyclonal antibodies against toxoplasma gondii vacuolar proton pyrophosphatase type i (tgvp1).201526277510
sero-prevalence and associated risk factors of toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care at felege hiwot referral hospital, northwest ethiopia.to determine the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and to assess the possible risk factors associated with the infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care center at felege hiwot referral hospital, bahir dar town, northwest ethiopia.201526276286
a toxoplasma gondii gluconeogenic enzyme contributes to robust central carbon metabolism and is essential for replication and virulence.the expression of gluconeogenic enzymes is typically repressed when glucose is available. the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii utilizes host glucose to sustain high rates of intracellular replication. however, despite their preferential utilization of glucose, intracellular parasites constitutively express two isoforms of the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (tgfbp1 and tgfbp2). the rationale for constitutive expression of fbpases in t. gondii remains unclear. we find that co ...201526269956
sweet talk: regulating glucose metabolism in toxoplasma.toxoplasma gondii, the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, is an intracellular parasite that demonstrates a remarkable ability to adapt to nutrient availability. in this issue of cell host & microbe, blume et al. (2015) describe the unique role of a gluconeogenic enzyme in regulation of glucose catabolism in t. gondii.201526269950
first report of genotype #65 of toxoplasma gondii in pigs.the aim of the present study was to isolate and genotype toxoplasma gondii from pigs slaughtered for human consumption in northeastern brazil. indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (ifat) was used to screen positive pigs. tissues samples of animals with antibody titers ≥64 were submitted to bioassay in mice. one isolate of t. gondii was obtained, and the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) technique, using 11 markers (sag1, sag2, altsag2, sag3, btub, ...201526268568
retrospective seroepidemiological investigations against morbillivirus, toxoplasma gondii and brucella spp. in cetaceans stranded along the italian coastline (1998-2014).this study reports the results of seroepidemiological investigations carried out against morbillivirus, toxoplasma gondii and brucella spp. on blood serum samples collected from 70 cetacean specimens found stranded along the italian coastline between 1998 and 2014. a total number of 23 serum samples (32.8%) obtained from stenella coeruleoalba, tursiops truncatus, balaenoptera physalus and globicephala melas harboured anti-morbillivirus neutralizing antibodies. ten sera (16%) collected from s. co ...201526267096
nitric oxide stimulates early egress of toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites from human foreskin fibroblast cells.egress is a vital step in the life cycle of toxoplasma gondii which attracts attentions of many groups. previous studies have shown that exogenous nitric oxide (no) stimulates the early egress of t. gondii from infected peritoneal macrophages, a kind of immune cells. however, because toxoplasma forms cysts in brain and muscle tissues, the development of autonomous immunity in non-immune cells is vital for limiting parasite burden and cyst formation. therefore, we attempted to investigate whether ...201526264067
[advances in research of toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein rop16].rop16 is one member of the rhoptrys protein family in toxoplasma gondii. in its protein structure, there exists serine/threonine kinase domain, which is the important virulence factor in the invasion process of t. gondii. rop16 can secretes into the nucleus of the host cells, and can phosphorylate the signal transducer and activator of transcription (stat3/6) and interfere the signal transduction pathway in the host cell. in this paper, the structure and function, as well as the immunogenicity o ...201526263796
possible role of tlr4 and tlr9 snps in protection against congenital toxoplasmosis.the purpose of this investigation was the determination of the distribution of genotypes at single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) of the toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) and the toll-like receptor 9 (tlr9) in fetuses and newborns congenitally infected with toxoplasma gondii and the identification of genetic changes predisposing to infection development. the study involved 20 fetuses and newborns with congenital toxoplasmosis and 50 uninfected controls. the levels of igg and igm antibodies against t. ...201526254559
[toxoplasma gondi antibody profile in patients with leukemia or lymphoma].blood samples were collected from patients with leukemia (n = 150) or lymphoma (n = 150) in the cancer hospital from march to september 2014. the specific antibodies (igg, igm) to, and circulating antigens (cag) of toxoplasma gondii were determined by elisa. a 529 bp specific sequence was amplified by pcr from the genomic dna of t. gondii. t. gondii-specific igg positive rate in patients with leukemia and lymphoma were 16.0% (24/150) and 20.0% (30/150), respectively, which were significantly hig ...201526245131
a long-lasting protective immunity against chronic toxoplasmosis in mice induced by recombinant rhoptry proteins encapsulated in poly (lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles.toxoplasma gondii infection in humans and animals is a worldwide zoonosis. prevention and control of toxoplasmosis based on vaccination is one of the promising strategies. in the present study, recombinant t. gondii rhoptry proteins 38 and 18 (tgrop38 and tgrop18) were encapsulated into poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (plg) (1:1), respectively, to obtain the stable water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion. female kunming mice were then immunized with the protein vaccines twice at a 2-week interval. eig ...201526243574
human toxoplasmosis: a comparative evaluation of the diagnostic potential of recombinant toxoplasma gondii rop5 and rop18 antigens.toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasitic diseases worldwide and it poses a serious challenge regarding prevention, diagnosis and therapy. the commonly used diagnostic methods are mostly based on the detection of specific antibodies in sera. since they are not always accurate enough and do not allow precise definition of the phase of the toxoplasma gondii infection, there is an urgent need to find specific molecular markers of acute or chronic infection stages. this study provides a comp ...201526242602
rabgdiα is a negative regulator of interferon-γ-inducible gtpase-dependent cell-autonomous immunity to toxoplasma gondii.ifn-γ orchestrates cell-autonomous host defense against various intracellular vacuolar pathogens. ifn-γ-inducible gtpases, such as p47 immunity-related gtpases (irgs) and p65 guanylate-binding proteins (gbps), are recruited to pathogen-containing vacuoles, which is important for disruption of the vacuoles, culminating in the cell-autonomous clearance. although the positive regulation for the proper recruitment of irgs and gbps to the vacuoles has been elucidated, the suppressive mechanism is unc ...201526240314
toxoplasma gondii in horse meat intended for human consumption in romania.the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii, an economically important zoonotic protozoan, was investigated in horses slaughtered for export and human consumption in the north of romania. pairs of samples, sera and heart tissues, were collected from 82 slaughtered horses. examination of horse sera by elisa at a dilution of 1:10, and by modified agglutination test (mat) at a dilution of 1:6, revealed that 32 (39%) and 31(37.8%) horses, respectively, had antibodies against t. gondii. using polymerase chai ...201526238654
is there any role of latent toxoplasmosis in schizophrenia disease?a large number of studies have hypothesized that toxoplasma gondii is a potentially relevant etiological factor in some cases of schizophrenia. by contrast, some studies have disproved this association. the aim of this study was to investigate whether latent toxoplasmosis has any role in schizophrenia disease. additionally, the association between t. gondii and subtypes of schizophrenia, and the impacts of toxoplasmosis on psychopathology were examined in the study.201526233294
recommended management of toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women and their children.aforesaid recommendations for the management of t.gondii infection, elaborated by the group of experts, are intended for physicians of various specialties in order to standardize and facilitate diagnostic and therapeutic management. early diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, in neonatal period, initiation of adequate treatment and long-term, multispecialist monitoring, including multi-organ rehabilitation of children may prevent or reduce the complications of ...201526233090
current therapy of acquired ocular toxoplasmosis: a review.caused by the parasite toxoplasma gondii, ocular toxoplasmosis (ot) is the most common form of posterior infectious uveitis. combined antiparasitic therapy is the standard treatment for ot, but several other schemes have been proposed. the purpose of the present study was to review the literature on the treatment of ot and provide ophthalmologists with up-to-date information to help reduce ot-related visual morbidity. in conclusion, no ideal treatment scheme was identified; currently prescribed ...201526226199
a rational approach to select immunogenic peptides that induce ifn-γ response against toxoplasma gondii in human leukocytes.the ideal vaccine to prevent toxoplasmosis in humans would comprise antigens that elicit a protective t cell type 1 response with high ifn-γ production. here, we report the use of a bioinformatics pipeline to discover peptides based on biochemical characteristics that predict strong ifn-γ response by human leukocytes. we selected peptide sequences that previously were reported to induce ifn-γ to identify the biophysical characteristics that will predict hla-a*02 high-affinity epitopes. we found ...201526210043
effects of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim associated to resveratrol on its free form and complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on cytokines levels of mice infected by toxoplasma gondii.the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol on its free form and complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (hpβcd) when associated with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (st) on cytokines levels of mice (n = 60) experimentally infected by toxoplasma gondii. groups a and e were used as controls (untreated): negative and positive, respectively. the onset of treatment started 20 days post-infection (pi), and it lasted for 10 consecutive days. st was administered orally in do ...201526209515
two cowp-like cysteine rich proteins from eimeria nieschulzi (coccidia, apicomplexa) are expressed during sporulation and involved in the sporocyst wall formation.the family of cysteine rich proteins of the oocyst wall (cowps) originally described in cryptosporidium can also be found in toxoplasma gondii (tgowps) localised to the oocyst wall as well. genome sequence analysis of eimeria suggests that these proteins may also exist in this genus and led us to the assumption that these proteins may also play a role in oocyst wall formation.201526209229
mechanisms of host behavioral change in toxoplasma gondii rodent association. 201526203656
homologous prime-boost strategy with tgpi-1 improves the immune response and protects highly susceptible mice against chronic toxoplasma gondii infection.subunit-based vaccines are safer than live or attenuated pathogen vaccines, although they are generally weak immunogens. thus, proper combination of immunization strategies and adjuvants are needed to increase their efficacy. we have previously protected c3h/hen mice from toxoplasma gondii infection by immunization with the serine protease inhibitor-1 (tgpi-1) in combination with alum. in this work, we explore an original vaccination protocol that combines administration of recombinant tgpi-1 by ...201526200784
a comparative study of toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in mink using a modified agglutination test, a western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.toxoplasma gondii can infect almost all warm-blooded animals, and many serological methods have been developed to detect t. gondii infection in a variety of animal species. in the present study, the seroprevalence of t. gondii infection in farmed mink in northeast china was determined using the modified agglutination test (mat), a western blot (wb), and 3 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) with protein a/g conjugate, using either of 2 recombinant dense granule antigens, gra1 and gra7, o ...201526199291
toxoplasma gondii seropositivity is negatively associated with multiple sclerosis.toxoplasma (t.) gondii is a ubiquitous intracellular parasitic protozoan that was recently associated with various autoimmune diseases.201526198927
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