Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted ascending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin as novel adjunct in complicated clostridium difficile colitis treatment.clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a well-known complication of antibiotic therapy. it is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and cost in the hospital setting. the main symptoms include watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and distension, but cdi can also present as toxic megacolon, bowel perforation with peritonitis, sepsis and renal failure. therapy includes metronidazole and oral vancomycin, with rectal vancomycin and fecal transplant reserved for more complicated cases. adjun ...201728516109
fecal microbiota transplantation outcomes in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients: a single-center experience.clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a major infectious disease focus for which fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has been used with success in various patient populations.201728513974
can procalcitonin contribute to the diagnosis of clostridium difficile colitis?it is a challenge to diagnosis clostridium difficile colitis.201728513121
intrinsic toxin-derived peptides destabilize and inactivate clostridium difficile tcdb.clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a major cause of hospital-associated, antibiotic-induced diarrhea, which is largely mediated by the production of two large multidomain clostridial toxins, tcda and tcdb. both toxins coordinate the action of specific domains to bind receptors, enter cells, and deliver a catalytic fragment into the cytosol. this results in gtpase inactivation, actin disassembly, and cytotoxicity. tcdb in particular has been shown to encode a region covering amino acids 175 ...201728512094
emergence of microbial diversity due to cross-feeding interactions in a spatial model of gut microbial metabolism.the human gut contains approximately 10(14) bacteria, belonging to hundreds of different species. together, these microbial species form a complex food web that can break down nutrient sources that our own digestive enzymes cannot handle, including complex polysaccharides, producing short chain fatty acids and additional metabolites, e.g., vitamin k. microbial diversity is important for colonic health: changes in the composition of the microbiota have been associated with inflammatory bowel dise ...201728511646
enteric infection in relapse of inflammatory bowel disease: the utility of stool microbial pcr testing.the similar presentations in relapse of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) and enteric infection pose substantial barriers to diagnosis and treatment. the objective of this study was to investigate the incidence, etiology, predictors, and treatment of enteric infection in patients with ibd.201728511200
identification of novel risk factors for community-acquired clostridium difficile infection using spatial statistics and geographic information system analyses.the rate of community-acquired clostridium difficile infection (ca-cdi) is increasing. while receipt of antibiotics remains an important risk factor for cdi, studies related to acquisition of c. difficile outside of hospitals are lacking. as a result, risk factors for exposure to c. difficile in community settings have been inadequately studied.201728510584
changes in microbial ecology after fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent c. difficile infection affected by underlying inflammatory bowel disease.gut microbiota play a key role in maintaining homeostasis in the human gut. alterations in the gut microbial ecosystem predispose to clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and gut inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) from a healthy donor can restore gut microbial diversity and pathogen colonization resistance; consequently, it is now being investigated for its ability to improve inflammatory gut conditions such as ibd. in this stu ...201728506317
fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent clostridium difficile infection in a patient with concomitant inflammatory bowel disease.the use of fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent clostridium difficile infection and coexistent inflammatory bowel disease remains unclear. a 61-year-old man with ulcerative pancolitis was diagnosed with a third recurrence of clostridium difficile infection, previously treated with metronidazole, vancomycin and fidaxomicin. fecal microbiota transplantation of an unrelated healthy donor was performed by the lower route. after a twelve month follow-up, the patient remains asymptomatic with ...201728506071
comparison of the hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infection risk of using proton pump inhibitors versus histamine-2 receptor antagonists for prophylaxis and treatment of stress ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.although proton pump inhibitors (ppis) have been widely used for the prevention and treatment of stress gastric ulcers in hospital settings, there are concerns that ppis increase the risk of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). however, little is known about the risk of cdi following ppi and histamine-2 receptor antagonist (h2ra) use. we evaluated the comparative hospital-acquired cdi occurrence risk associated with the concurrent use of ppis versus h2ras.201728506028
predictors of failure after single faecal microbiota transplantation in patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection: results from a 3-year cohort study: authors' reply. 201728502839
an outbreak of clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 027 in spain: risk factors for recurrence and a novel treatment strategy.an outbreak of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) caused by ribotype 027 (b1/nap1) began in our hospital in november 2014, and produced 141 episodes in the following months. the aim of this study is to describe this outbreak, assess risk factors for recurrence of cdi-027 and to analyze the implementation of a novel treatment strategy. this is a prospective study of all patients with cdi-027, from november 2014 to november 2015. the epidemiological data were collected daily for each patient. w ...201728501926
molecular typing of clostridium difficile isolates cultured from patient stool samples and gastroenterological medical devices in a single iranian hospital.this study aimed to characterize clostridium difficile isolates cultured from stool samples of patients with c. difficile infection (cdi) and swabs from a medical environment in a gastroenterology center in tehran, iran. a total of 158 samples (105 stool samples from hospitalized patients and 53 swabs from medical devices and the environment) were collected from january 2011 to august 2011 and investigated for the presence of c. difficile by direct anaerobic culture on a selective media for c. d ...201728501554
comparative effectiveness of faecal microbiota transplant by route of administration.the optimal route of delivery for faecal microbiota transplant (fmt) is unknown. this observational single-centre study analysed the two-week cure rates for all patients who received fmt from 2013 to 2016 according to route of delivery. overall, nasogastric delivery of fmt was less effective than lower endoscopic delivery. when patients were stratified by illness severity, nasogastric delivery achieved similar cure rates in healthier individuals, whereas lower endoscopic delivery was preferred f ...201728501333
carboxyl analogue of mutacin 1140, a scaffold for lead antibacterial discovery.mutacin 1140 belongs to the epidermin group of lantibiotics. epidermin class lantibiotics are ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified antibiotics with potent activity against gram-positive bacteria. in particular, this class is effective at targeting drug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), mycobacterium tuberculosis, and clostridium difficile a c-terminal s-[(z)-2-aminovinyl]-d-cysteine (avicys) residue is derived from a decar ...201728500042
protective factors in the intestinal microbiome against clostridium difficile infection in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a frequent complication in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-hsct), who receive intensive treatments that significantly disrupt the intestinal microbiota. in this study, we examined the microbiota composition of allo-hsct recipients to identify bacterial colonizers that confer protection against cdi after engraftment.201728498996
assessing the risk and disease burden of clostridium difficile infection among patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia at a university hospital in central china.hospital-acquired pneumonia (hap) remains one of the major hospital-acquired infections in china. antibiotic treatment of hap may lead to subsequent clostridium difficile infection (cdi). baseline data on the occurrence of cdi among hap patients in china are currently unavailable. this study examines the risk and disease burden of cdi among hap hospitalized patients (hap-cdi).201728497295
inhibition of clostridium difficile in mice using a mixture of potential probiotic strains enterococcus faecalis nm815, e. faecalis nm915, and e. faecium nm1015: novel candidates to control c. difficile infection (cdi).this study is aimed at the isolation, identification, and characterization of potential probiotic strains capable of inhibiting clostridium difficile in vitro and in vivo. twenty isolates were isolated from infant fecal samples and screened against c. difficile using their cell-free supernatant. only three isolates showed maximum inhibition from 56.05 to 60.60%, thus they were characterized for probiotic properties and safety. the results obtained approved their tolerance to the gastrointestinal ...201728497217
lack of association between the clinical outcome of clostridium difficile infection and current steroids use.the purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in patients on systemic steroids for various indications to patients not on steroids in term of disease severity, and associated morbidity and mortality.201728496532
comparison of two environmental sampling tools for the detection of clostridium difficile spores on hard bathroom surfaces in the hospital setting. 201728495188
filmarray™ gi panel performance for the diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis or hemorragic diarrhea.acute gastroenteritis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. the rapid and specific identification of infectious agents is crucial for correct patient management. however, diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis is usually performed with diagnostic panels that include only a few pathogens. in the present bicentric study, the diagnostic value of filmarray™ gi panels was assessed in unformed stool samples of patients with acute gastroenteritis and in a series of samples colle ...201728494766
rapid synthesis of bicyclic lactones via palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylative lactonizations.a novel and efficient palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylative lactonization of amino propargylic alcohols has been developed to provide rapid access to various bicyclic lactones especially dihydropyrrole-fused furanones, which are novel structures and have not been explored in biological and medicinal settings. this method can also be used to access β-lactone products such as 16. preliminary biological evaluations revealed that compounds 13h and 13s demonstrated promising activity against clostri ...201728492641
infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: results from the organ transplant infection project, a multicenter, prospective, cohort study.infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (hct). our object was to better define the epidemiology and outcomes of infections after hct.201728491889
current challenges in the treatment of severe clostridium difficile infection: early treatment potential of fecal microbiota transplantation.fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is a very effective treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi). less is known about the application of fmt as a curative treatment of severe or complicated cdi. in this review, we present and discuss evidence supporting the curative use of fmt in severe or complicated cdi. we performed a literature search in pubmed and embase for studies on the curative use of fmt in severe or complicated cdi. in addition, we describe a patient with sever ...201728491142
antimicrobial activity of natural products against clostridium difficile in vitro.to investigate the antimicrobial activity of various natural products against clostridium difficile in vitro.201728489336
a clostridium difficile alanine racemase affects spore germination and accommodates serine as a substrate.clostridium difficile has become one of the most common bacterial pathogens in hospital-acquired infections in the united states. although c. difficile is strictly anaerobic, it survives in aerobic environments and transmits between hosts via spores. c. difficile spore germination is triggered in response to certain bile acids and glycine. although glycine is the most effective co-germinant, other amino acids can substitute with varying efficiencies. of these, l-alanine is an effective co-germin ...201728487371
thirty-day readmissions after hospitalization for clostridium difficile enteritis measures and predictors: a nationwide analysis. 201728486996
optimal control of vaccination rate in an epidemiological model of clostridium difficile transmission.the spore-forming, gram-negative bacteria clostridium difficile can cause severe intestinal illness. a striking increase in the number of cases of c. difficile infection (cdi) among hospitals has highlighted the need to better understand how to prevent the spread of cdi. in our paper, we modify and update a compartmental model of nosocomial c. difficile transmission to include vaccination. we then apply optimal control theory to determine the time-varying optimal vaccination rate that minimizes ...201728484801
intraluminal administration of resiniferatoxin protects against clostridium difficile toxin a-induced colitis.clostridium difficile toxin a is a colonic inflammatory agent that acts partially by activation of trpv1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1). resiniferatoxin (rtx) is an excitotoxin that activates trpv1 at low concentrations and defunctionalizes trpv1 at high concentrations. rtx at various doses was injected intraluminally into isolated ileal segments in anesthetized rats. after 3 hours, the treated segments were removed and inflammation was assessed. this acute treatment with rtx re ...201728484490
protective effect of carvacrol against gut dysbiosis and clostridium difficile associated disease in a mouse model.this study investigated the effect of carvacrol (cr), a phytophenolic compound on antibiotic-associated gut dysbiosis and c. difficile infection in a mouse model. five to six-week-old c57bl/6 mice were randomly divided into seven treatment groups (challenge and control) of eight mice each. mice were fed with irradiated feed supplemented with cr (0, 0.05, and 0.1%); the challenge groups were made susceptible to c. difficile by orally administering an antibiotic cocktail in water and an intra-peri ...201728484429
bezlotoxumab: could this be the answer for clostridium difficile recurrence?to review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, and place in therapy of bezlotoxumab (bez), a novel monoclonal antibody against clostridium difficile toxin b.201728480750
community environmental contamination of toxigenic clostridium difficile.clostridium difficile infection is often considered to result from recent acquisition of a c difficile isolate in a healthcare setting. however, c difficile spores can persist for long periods of time, suggesting a potentially large community environmental reservoir. the objectives of this study were to assess community environmental contamination of toxigenic c difficile and to assess strain distribution in environmental versus clinical isolates.201728480289
primary outcomes from a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled trial of surotomycin in subjects with clostridium difficile infection.although the incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is increasing, available cdi treatment options are limited in terms of sustained response after treatment. this phase 3 trial assessed the efficacy and safety of surotomycin, a novel bactericidal cyclic lipopeptide, versus oral vancomycin in subjects with cdi.201728480267
does adjunctive tigecycline improve outcomes in severe-complicated, nonoperative clostridium difficile infection?severe clostridium difficile infection is associated with a high rate of mortality; however, the optimal treatment for severe- complicated infection remains uncertain for patients who are not candidates for surgical intervention. thus, we sought to evaluate the benefit of adjunctive tigecycline in this patient population using a retrospective cohort adjusted for propensity to receive tigecycline. we found that patients who received tigecycline had similar outcomes to those who did not, although ...201728480257
outcomes associated with antimicrobial de-escalation of treatment for pneumonia within the veterans healthcare administration.de-escalation, an antimicrobial stewardship concept, involves narrowing broad-spectrum empiric antimicrobial therapy based on clinical data. current health outcomes evidence is lacking to support de-escalation. studying veterans healthcare administration pneumonia patients, de-escalation was associated with improved length of stay without affecting 30-day readmission or 30-day clostridium difficile infection rates.201728480242
higher incidence of clostridium difficile infection among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease.studies of clostridium difficile infections (cdis) among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) have used data from single centers or cdi administrative data codes of limited diagnostic accuracy. we determined the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes after cdi in a population-based cohort of patients with ibd and laboratory confirmation diagnoses of cdi.201728479377
promoting appropriate urine culture management to improve health care outcomes and the accuracy of catheter-associated urinary tract infections.published literature indicates that the unjustified ordering or improper collection of urine for urinalysis or culture from either catheterized patients or those without indwelling devices, or misinterpretation of positive results, often leads to adverse health care events, including increased financial burdens, overreporting of mandated catheter-associated urinary tract infection events, overtreatment of patients with antimicrobial agents, selection of multidrug-resistant organisms, and clostri ...201728476493
tracking microbial colonization in fecal microbiota transplantation experiments via genome-resolved metagenomics.fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is an effective treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile infection and shows promise for treating other medical conditions associated with intestinal dysbioses. however, we lack a sufficient understanding of which microbial populations successfully colonize the recipient gut, and the widely used approaches to study the microbial ecology of fmt experiments fail to provide enough resolution to identify populations that are likely responsible for fmt-deri ...201728473000
microbicidal effects of weakly acidified chlorous acid water against feline calicivirus and clostridium difficile spores under protein-rich conditions.sanitation of environmental surfaces with chlorine based-disinfectants is a principal measure to control outbreaks of norovirus or clostridium difficile. the microbicidal activity of chlorine-based disinfectants depends on the free available chlorine (fac), but their oxidative potential is rapidly eliminated by organic matter. in this study, the microbicidal activities of weakly acidified chlorous acid water (wacaw) and sodium hypochlorite solution (naclo) against feline calcivirus (fcv) and c. ...201728472060
the choice of the anchoring protein influences the interaction of recombinant bacillus spores with the immune system.the technology of display of heterologous proteins on the surface of bacillus subtilis spores enables use of these structures as carriers of antigens for mucosal vaccination. currently, there are no technical possibilities to predict whether a designed fusion will be efficiently displayed on the spore surface and how such recombinant spores will interact with cells of the immune system. in this study, we compared four variants of b. subtilis spores presenting a fragment of a flid protein from cl ...201728399189
isolation of six novel 7-oxo- or urso-type secondary bile acid-producing bacteria from rat cecal contents.understanding the dynamics of secondary bile acid (sba) formation in the gut by sba-producing bacteria is important for host health, as sbas have been shown to affect host pathophysiology and gut microbiota composition. however, our knowledge of sba producers is limited in light of the diversity of gut microbes. here, we isolated six novel sba-producing bacteria from rat cecal contents, all of which were members of known species of gut microbes. anaerostipes caccae d10, bacteroides nordii c5, cl ...201728751127
in vitro and in vivo antagonistic activity of new probiotic culture against clostridium difficile and clostridium perfringens.genus clostridium accompanies more than 200 known species and at least 30 among them are associated with human and animal diseases. at the moment, the treatment of clostridial infections is based on use of antibiotics. however, due to the european ban on the use of antibiotics in livestock production, novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of these hardly curable infections have been evaluated. hence, in this study the antimicrobial effect of newly designed probiotic culture consisted of nat ...201728477627
an unusual case of escherichia coli o157:h7 infection with pseudomembranous colitis-like lesions associated with haemolytic-uraemic syndrome and neurological sequelae.a 75-year-old man was admitted with abdominal pain and fresh rectal bleeding. significantly, he had no risk factors for clostridium difficile infection. an abdominal ct demonstrated colonic thickening, and flexible sigmoidoscopy identified pseudomembranous colitis-like lesions. after initial treatment as c. difficile colitis, a stool sample revealed escherichia coli o157:h7 infection. antibiotic therapy was stopped due to the risk of lysis-mediated toxin release, but unfortunately, the patient c ...201728630239
clostridium difficile infection. 201728580321
fool me thrice: the evolving story of multiply recurrent clostridium difficile infection. 201728672286
increasing incidence of multiply recurrent clostridium difficile infection in the united states: a cohort study.clostridium difficile infection (cdi), the most common health care-associated infection, often recurs. fecal microbiota transplantation is increasingly used to treat multiply recurrent cdi (mrcdi).201728672282
assessment of automating safety surveillance from electronic health records: analysis for the quality and safety review system.in an effort to improve and standardize the collection of adverse event data, the agency for healthcare research and quality is developing and testing a patient safety surveillance system called the quality and safety review system (qsrs). its current abstraction from medical records is through manual human coders, taking an average of 75 minutes to complete the review and abstraction tasks for one patient record. with many healthcare systems across the country adopting electronic health record ...201728671914
is clostridium difficile infection a risk factor for subsequent bloodstream infection?clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a common nosocomial diarrheal illness increasingly associated with mortality in united states. the underlying factors and mechanisms behind the recent increases in morbidity from cdi have not been fully elucidated. murine models suggest a mucosal barrier breakdown leads to bacterial translocation and subsequent bloodstream infection (bsi). this study tests the hypothesis that cdi is associated with subsequent bsi in humans.201728669864
clostridium difficile chimeric toxin receptor binding domain vaccine induced protection against different strains in active and passive challenge models.clostridium difficile is the number one cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea in developed countries. historically, pathogenesis was attributed two homologous glucosylating toxins, toxin-a (tcda) and toxin-b (tcdb). over the past decade, however, highly virulent epidemic strains of c. difficile (b1/nap1/027) have emerged and are linked to an increase in morbidity and mortality. increased virulence is attributed to multiple factors including: increased production of a- and b-toxins; ...201728669616
the effect of ultraviolet light on clostridium difficile spore recovery versus bleach alone. 201728669367
reducing fluoroquinolone use is a key step in controlling the burden of clostridium difficile infection. 201728668696
anesthetic agents, neurodevelopmental risk and the connection to bacterial infections.this short communication identifies a significant flaw in research investigating the neurodevelopmental consequences of general anesthesia exposure. we have identified that chronic environmental exposure to pervasive air pollutants that are also widely used as anesthetic agents, specifically nitrous oxide (n2o), may contribute to the rising prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders. consistent with the emerging link between microbes and psychiatric illness risk, this epidemiological analysis ex ...201728666807
impact of moving to a new hospital build, with a high proportion of single rooms, on healthcare-associated infections and outbreaks.clostridium difficile infection, meticillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (mssa) and escherichia coli bacteraemia rates, and bed-days lost during norovirus outbreaks at north bristol nhs trust were analysed over a five-year period to determine whether moving to a new-build hospital with 75% single rooms reduced healthcare-associated infection rates. c. difficile, mssa bacteraemia and e. coli bacteraemia showed no change in the rate of decline after the move. bed-days lost due to norovirus were ...201728666780
a cfr-like gene cfr(c) conferring linezolid resistance is common in clostridium difficile.clostridium difficile t10 and clostridium bolteae 90b3 were co-resistant to phenicols, lincosamides, oxazolidinones, pleuromutilins and streptogramin a (phlopsa) and harbored an unreported cfr-like determinant that may alter the 23s rrna by m(8)a2503 methylation. the cfr-like cfr(c) gene was cloned in c. difficile 630δerm in which it conferred phlopsa resistance. in c. bolteae 90b3: (i) qrt-pcr analysis indicated that cfr(c) was similarly expressed in the absence or presence of either chloramphe ...201728663118
fatal course of takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a female with recurrent clostridium difficile infection.among diverse triggering factors of stress-induced takotsubo cardiomyopathy (tc), a viral or bacterial infection is rarely observed. sepsis is an exception, regardless of the etiologic pathogen, in which case an excess of catecholamines may result in acute left ventricular dysfunction. tc precipitated by clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has been reported only in two patients so far.201728662012
the role of antimicrobial sutures in preventing surgical site infection.introduction healthcare associated infections (hcais) are falling following widespread and enforced introduction of guidelines, particularly those that have addressed antibiotic resistant pathogens such as methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus or emergent pathogens such as clostridium difficile, but no such decline has been seen in the incidence of surgical site infection (ssi), either in the uk, the eu or the us. ssi is one of the hcais, which are all avoidable complications of a surgical ...201728660816
moxifloxacin versus levofloxacin or ciprofloxacin prophylaxis in acute myeloid leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy.patients receiving intensive chemotherapy regimens are at high risk for infectious complications due to prolonged neutropenia and hospital stay. fluoroquinolone antibiotics, mainly levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, are the mainstay of prophylactic therapy for these patients. there is limited data regarding the utilization of other quinolone antibiotics including moxifloxacin in this setting.201728660351
clostridium difficile toxin biology.clostridium difficile is the cause of antibiotics-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. the pathogen produces three protein toxins: c. difficile toxins a (tcda) and b (tcdb), and c. difficile transferase toxin (cdt). the single-chain toxins tcda and tcdb are the main virulence factors. they bind to cell membrane receptors and are internalized. the nterminal glucosyltransferase and autoprotease domains of the toxins translocate from low-ph endosomes into the cytosol. after activation ...201728657883
the remedy within: will the microbiome fulfill its therapeutic promise?the last decade of research has witnessed a tremendous upsurge in our understanding of the intestinal microbiome and its role in a large range of human diseases, which has incited hopes for a rapid clinical utilization of the new insights for the development of microbiome-based therapies. nonetheless, only a single microbiome-targeted therapy has so far found its way into clinical routine: fecal microbiota transplantation for patients suffering from recurrent clostridium difficile infections. he ...201728656322
clostridium difficile infection and the role of adaptive immunity in the microbiome. 201728656028
clinical and molecular characteristics of community-acquired clostridium difficile infections in comparison with those of hospital-acquired c. difficile.community-acquired clostridium difficile infection (ca-cdi) is a growing concern. ca-cdi differs from hospital-acquired c. difficile infection (ha-cdi) in its epidemiology, risk factors, severity, and outcomes. in this study, we investigated c. difficile infections in a tertiary care hospital in seoul, korea, and compared the ca-cdi and ha-cdi cases diagnosed in the same period. total 593 cases were confirmed as cdi in 2014, of which ca-cdi accounted for 68 (11.5%) of the total cdi cases. compar ...201728655581
tobacco use as a screener for clostridium difficile infection outcomes.we conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the utility of self-reported tobacco use for developing a clinical prediction rule for poor outcomes of clostridium difficile infection. we found that patients with any history of smoking were significantly less likely than never smokers to be cured of their infection within two weeks. disease recurrence, readmission within thirty days, death before treatment completion, and the severity of clostridium difficile infection were not associated ...201728655511
a nutrient-regulated cyclic diguanylate phosphodiesterase controls clostridium difficile biofilm and toxin production during stationary phase.the signaling molecule cyclic diguanylate (c-di-gmp) mediates physiological adaptation to extracellular stimuli in a wide range of bacteria. the complex metabolic pathways governing c-di-gmp synthesis and degradation are highly regulated, but the specific cues that impact c-di-gmp signaling are largely unknown. in the intestinal pathogen clostridium difficile, c-di-gmp inhibits flagellar motility and toxin production and promotes pilus-dependent biofilm formation, but no specific biological func ...201728652311
probiotic containing lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus bulgaricus, and streptococcus thermophiles (actimel) for the prevention of clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea in the elderly with proximal femur fractures.the incidence of clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea (cdad) is greater in elderly patients. probiotics may have a beneficial effect in the prevention of cdad. however, their effect in elderly orthopaedic patients has not been previously reported. between april 2013 and april 2014, 105 patients admitted with femoral neck fractures, and who required 3days of antibiotics for infection of any cause, were prescribed the probiotic actimel until 3days after the last antibiotic dose. the incidenc ...201728652125
clostridium difficile-associated colitis post-transplant is not associated with elevation of tacrolimus concentrations.diarrhea is a common condition after solid organ transplant (sot); clostridium difficile-associated colitis (cdac) is one of the most common infections after sot. we documented previously that some types of enteritis are associated with an elevation of tacrolimus (tac) trough concentrations by interfering with the drug's complex metabolism.201728650734
identification of donor microbe species that colonize and persist long term in the recipient after fecal transplant for recurrent clostridium difficile.fecal microbiota transplantation has been shown to be an effective treatment for patients with recurrent c. difficile colitis. although fecal microbiota transplantation helps to re-establish a normal gut function in patients, the extent of the repopulation of the recipient microbial community varies. to further understand this variation, it is important to determine the fate of donor microbes in the patients following fecal microbiota transplantation. we have developed a new method that utilizes ...201728649413
use of antibiotics and the prevalence of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in patients with spinal cord injuries: an international, multi-centre study.little is known about the use of antibiotics and the extent of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (aad) in patients with spinal cord injuries (scis).201728647425
fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection in children.fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is a relatively simple, promising treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile infection. while there are a wide variety of approaches including mode of delivery, the results are nonetheless encouraging, even amongst younger children. experience with fmt in the pediatric population is increasing, showing similar success compared to adults. this article will provide an overview of c. difficile infection along with review of the rationale, methods and compli ...201728646951
impact of end stage kidney disease on costs and outcomes of clostridium difficile infection.to assess the impact of end stage kidney disease (eskd) on the outcomes of clostridium difficile infection (cdi), including complications of infection, length of hospital stay, overall mortality, and healthcare burden.201728645569
impact of the nap-1 strain on disease severity, mortality, and recurrence of healthcare-associated clostridium difficile infection.studies are conflicting regarding the association of the north american pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type 1 (nap1) strain in clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and outcomes. we evaluated the association of nap1 with healthcare-associated cdi disease severity, mortality, and recurrence at our academic medical center.201728645479
poorer outcomes among cancer patients diagnosed with clostridium difficile infections in united states community hospitals.cancer predisposes patients to clostridium difficile infection (cdi) due to health care exposures and medications that disrupt the gut microbiota or reduce immune response. despite this association, the national rate of cdi among cancer patients is unknown. furthermore, it is unclear how cdi affects clinical outcomes in cancer. the objective of this study was to describe cdi incidence and health outcomes nationally among cancer patients in the united states (u.s.).201728645266
predictors of mortality in cirrhosis inpatients with clostridium difficile infection.clostridium difficile is a bacterial pathogen associated with significant morbidity and mortality in patients with cirrhosis.201728644310
the effects of fasting and massive diarrhea on absorption of enteral vancomycin in critically ill patients: a retrospective observational study.although vancomycin (vcm) is not absorbed from healthy intestinal mucosa, elevations in the serum vcm concentrations have been reported in some cases. the aims of this study are to evaluate the necessity of therapeutic drug monitoring (tdm) during enteral vcm administration in critically ill patients.201728642864
the role of tigecycline in the management of clostridium difficile infection: a retrospective cohort study.we aimed to compare the outcomes of patients with c.difficile infection (cdi) treated either with tigecycline associated with vancomycin, or with vancomycin alone.201728642147
increasing rates of clostridium difficile infection in mexican hospitals.the epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has changed in the last two decades. there is a lack of information regarding incidence and severity of cdi, especially in the developing world.201728641091
using probiotics in clinical practice: where are we now? a review of existing meta-analyses.the scientific literature has demonstrated that probiotics have a broad spectrum of activity, although often the results are contradictory. this study provides a critical overview of the current meta-analyses that have evaluated the efficacy of probiotics in physiologic and pathological conditions, such as metabolic disease, antibiotic-associated and clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, ibs, constipation, ibd, chemotherapy-associated diarrhea, respiratory tract infection, ventilator-associ ...201728640662
the effect of hospital biocide sodium dichloroisocyanurate on the viability and properties of clostridium difficile spores.clostridium difficile is the primary cause of healthcare-associated diarrhoea globally and produces spores which are resistant to commonly used biocides and are able persist on contaminated surfaces for months. this study examined the effect of sublethal concentrations of the biocide sodium dichloroisocyanurate (nadcc) on the viability of spores produced by 21 clinical isolates of c. difficile representing a range of pcr ribotypes. spores exposed to 500 ppm nadcc for 10 min exhibited between a 4 ...201728639362
economic barriers in the treatment of clostridium difficile infection with oral vancomycin.vancomycin is an increasingly important option for the treatment of clostridium difficile infection, but economic barriers to its use remain significant in the outpatient setting. generic vancomycin capsules are still inexplicably expensive and not universally covered by insurers. this report highlights the potential adverse consequences of cost-related nonadherence to vancomycin therapy and the challenges that clinicians face when prescribing oral vancomycin.201728638841
risk factors that predict recurrent clostridium difficile infections in surgical patients.clostridium difficile (c. difficile) infection (cdi) is a serious problem mostly studied during patients' index infections. the aim of this study is to define the incidence of primary and recurrent postoperative (postop) cdi in a single institution's entire surgical population and to identify risk factors that influence disease recurrence. using electronic medical records from 2002 to 2012, charts were reviewed from all patients with laboratory-proven (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or polyme ...201728637570
ibd: a growing and vulnerable cohort of hospitalized patients with clostridium difficile infection.the most recent nationwide data show a rising incidence of clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized patients with ulcerative colitis (uc). we describe recent national trends with regard to incidence, mortality, and the rate of total colectomy. the nationwide inpatient sample database identified patients admitted to hospitals in the united states with diagnoses of c. difficile and inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) during the study years 2007 to 2013. we analyzed incidence of c. difficile, m ...201728637562
bezlotoxumab: anti-toxin b monoclonal antibody to prevent recurrence of clostridium difficile infection.clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the most common nosocomial infection in the u.s. 25% of cdi patients go on to develop recurrent cdi (rcdi) following current standard of care (soc) therapy, leading to morbidity, mortality and economic loss. the first passive immunotherapy drug targeting c.difficile toxin b (bezlotoxumab) has been approved recently by the fda and ema for prevention of rcdi. areas covered: a body of key studies was selected and reviewed by the authors. the unmet needs in c ...201728636484
covalent attachment and pro-pro endopeptidase (ppep-1)-mediated release of clostridium difficile cell surface proteins involved in adhesion.in the past decade, clostridium difficile has emerged as an important gut pathogen. this anaerobic, gram-positive bacterium is the main cause of infectious nosocomial diarrhea. whereas much is known about the mechanism through which the c. difficile toxins cause diarrhea, relatively little is known about the dynamics of adhesion and motility, which is mediated by cell surface proteins. this review will discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the sortase-mediated covalent attachment o ...201728636257
impact of recurrent clostridium difficile infection: hospitalization and patient quality of life.data quantifying outcomes of recurrent clostridium difficile infection (rcdi) are lacking. we sought to determine the uk hospital resource use and health-related quality of life (hrqol) associated with rcdi hospitalizations.201728633368
prevalence of clostridium difficile infection among the patients attending a tertiary care teaching hospital.clostridium difficile, a most important nosocomial enteric pathogen, is recognized globally as responsible for antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis. it is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality due to widespread use of antibiotics.201728631639
effect of antibiotic stewardship on the incidence of infection and colonisation with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.antibiotic stewardship programmes have been shown to reduce antibiotic use and hospital costs. we aimed to evaluate evidence of the effect of antibiotic stewardship on the incidence of infections and colonisation with antibiotic-resistant bacteria.201728629876
probabilistic invasion underlies natural gut microbiome stability.species compositions of gut microbiomes impact host health [1-3], but the processes determining these compositions are largely unknown. an unexplained observation is that gut species composition varies widely between individuals but is largely stable over time within individuals [4, 5]. stochastic factors during establishment may drive these alternative stable states (colonized versus non-colonized) [6, 7], which can influence susceptibility to pathogens, such as clostridium difficile. here we s ...201728625783
[fulminant clostridium difficile colitis: new challenges in critical care medicine].fulminant clostridium difficile colitis (fcdc) means severe clostridium difficile colitis (cdc), which often manifested with severe diarrhea, fever, abdominal distention, electrolyte disorder, hypoalbuminemia, and it can lead to pseudo membrane colonitis, toxic megacolon, bowel perforation, septic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction. now clostridium difficile (cd) becomes one of the most important medical institutions related infectious pathogens. in particular, the recently discovered mutant ...201728625250
treatment of asymptomatic uti in older delirious medical in-patients: a prospective cohort study.despite clinical practice guidelines, asymptomatic bacteriuria (asb) in older people is frequently treated. a common reason for treating asb is a change in mental status.201728624753
bovine antibodies targeting primary and recurrent clostridium difficile disease are a potent antibiotic alternative.the increased incidence of antibiotic resistant 'superbugs' has amplified the use of broad spectrum antibiotics worldwide. an unintended consequence of antimicrobial treatment is disruption of the gastrointestinal microbiota, resulting in susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens, such as clostridium difficile. paradoxically, treatment of c. difficile infections (cdi) also involves antibiotic use, leaving patients susceptible to re-infection. this serious health threat has led to an urgent call ...201728623367
impact of a collaborative strategy to reduce the inappropriate use of acid suppressive therapy in non-intensive care unit patients.stress ulcer prophylaxis (sup) is inappropriately prescribed in more than 30% of non-intensive care unit (icu) patients, leading to unnecessary adverse events as well as increases in economic burden.201728622739
antibiotic prophylaxis for surgical site infections as a risk factor for infection with clostridium difficile.we aimed to measure the association between 2013 guideline concordant prophylactic antibiotic use prior to surgery and infection with clostridium difficile.201728622340
antibiotic-associated haemorrhagic colitis: not always clostridium difficile.antibiotic-associated colitis is a gastrointestinal complication of antibiotic use commonly seen in hospitalised patients, with clostridium difficile (c. difficile) colitis being the most common type. we present a case of haemorrhagic colitis secondary to klebsiella oxytoca following self-initiated amoxicillin-clavulanic acid use. an 85-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and mucobloody diarrhoea. history was notable for an ongoing 5-day course of amoxicillin ...201728619975
high metabolic versatility of different toxigenic and non-toxigenic clostridioides difficile isolates.clostridioides difficile (formerly clostridium difficile) is a major nosocomial pathogen with an increasing number of community-acquired infections causing symptoms from mild diarrhea to life-threatening colitis. the pathogenicity of c. difficile is considered to be mainly associated with the production of genome-encoded toxins a and b. in addition, some strains also encode and express the binary toxin cdt. however; a large number of non-toxigenic c. difficile strains have been isolated from the ...201728619474
microbiota therapy for clostridium difficile and antibiotic resistant enteric infections.bacterial pathogens are increasingly antibiotic resistant, and development of clinically effective antibiotics is lagging. curing infections increasingly requires antimicrobials that are broader spectrum, more toxic, and more expensive, and mortality attributable to antibiotic-resistant pathogens is rising. the commensal microbiota, comprising microbes that colonize the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, can provide high levels of resistance to infection, and the contributions of specific bacteri ...201728617651
clostridium difficile pcr cycle threshold predicts free toxin.there is no stand-alone clostridium difficile diagnostic that can sensitively and rapidly detect fecal free toxins. we investigated the performance of the c. difficile pcr cycle threshold (ct ) for predicting free toxin status. consecutive stool samples (n = 312) positive for toxigenic c. difficile by the genexpert c. difficile/epi tcdb pcr assay were tested with the rapid membrane c. diff quik chek complete immunoassay (rmeia). rmeia toxin-negative samples were tested with the cell cytotoxicity ...201728615471
antibiotics vs. appendectomy for acute uncomplicated appendicitis in adults: review of the evidence and future directions.acute appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency in the united states, with a lifetime risk of 7%-8%. the treatment paradigm for complicated appendicitis has evolved over the past decade, and many cases now are managed by broad-spectrum antibiotics. we determined the role of non-operative and operative management in adult patients with uncomplicated appendicitis.201728614043
glucosyltransferase-dependent and -independent effects of tcdb on the proteome of hep-2 cells.toxin b (tcdb) of the nosocomial pathogen c. difficile has been reported to exhibit a glucosyltransferase-dependent and -independent effect on treated hep-2 cells at toxin concentration above 0.3 nm. in order to investigate and further characterize both effects epithelial cells were treated with wild type tcdb and glucosyltransferase-deficient tcdbnxn and their proteomes were analyzed by lc-ms. triplex silac labeling was used for quantification. identification of 5212 and quantification of 4712 ...201728612519
automatic environmental disinfection with hydrogen peroxide and silver ions versus manual environmental disinfection with sodium hypochlorite: a multicentre randomized before-and-after trial.new technologies for automated disinfection have been developed, including the use of hydrogen peroxide atomized by specific equipment, with associated silver compounds.201728610932
fecal microbiota transplantation in metabolic syndrome: history, present and future.the history of fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) dates back even to ancient china. recently, scientific studies have been looking into fmt as a promising treatment of various diseases, while in the process teaching us about the interaction between the human host and its resident microbial communities. current research focuses mainly on clostridium difficile infections, however interest is rising in other areas such as inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) and the metabolic syndrome. with regard ...201728609252
intestinal microbiota, fecal microbiota transplantation, and inflammatory bowel disease.inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is a complex set of diseases that lead to chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. although the etiology of ibd is not fully understood, it is well-known that the intestinal microbiota is associated with the development and maintenance of ibd. manipulation of the gut microbiota, therefore, may represent a target for ibd therapy. fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt), where fecal microbiota from a healthy donor is transplanted into a patient's gi tract ...201728609251
Refresh
firstprev
...111112113114115116117118119120...
nextlast
Displaying items 11401 - 11500 of 12134