Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| a coin-like peripheral small cell lung carcinoma associated with acute paraneoplastic axonal guillain-barre-like syndrome. | a 65-year-old previously healthy male heavy smoker was hospitalized with a 2-week history of progressive muscle weakness in the lower and upper extremities. after 10 days of hospitalization, urinary sphincter incompetence and fecal incontinence were added and tetraparesis was established. the computer-tomography scan examination revealed a massive right hydrothorax and multifocal solid acinar structures with peripheral localization in the left lung, which suggested pulmonary cancer. bone marrow ... | 2015 | 26039124 |
| the campylobacter jejuni racrs two-component system activates the glutamate synthesis by directly upregulating γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (ggt). | the highly conserved enzyme γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (ggt) plays an important role in metabolism of glutathione and glutamine. yet, the regulation of ggt transcription in prokaryotes is poorly understood. in the human pathogen campylobacter jejuni, ggt is important as it contributes to persistent colonization of the gut. here we show that the ggt activity in c. jejuni is dependent on a functional racrs (reduced ability to colonize) two-component system. electrophoretic mobility shift and lucifer ... | 2015 | 26097472 |
| dynamics of escherichia coli virulence factors in dairy herds and farm environments in a longitudinal study in the united states. | pathogenic escherichia coli or its associated virulence factors have been frequently detected in dairy cow manure, milk, and dairy farm environments. however, it is unclear what the long-term dynamics of e. coli virulence factors are and which farm compartments act as reservoirs. this study assessed the occurrence and dynamics of four e. coli virulence factors (eae, stx1, stx2, and the gamma allele of the tir gene [γ-tir]) on three u.s. dairy farms. fecal, manure, water, feed, milk, and milk fil ... | 2015 | 25911478 |
| distribution and characterization of salmonella enterica isolates from irrigation ponds in the southeastern united states. | irrigation water has been implicated as a likely source of produce contamination by salmonella enterica. therefore, the distribution of s. enterica was surveyed monthly in irrigation ponds (n = 10) located within a prime agricultural region in southern georgia and northern florida. all ponds and 28.2% of all samples (n = 635) were positive for salmonella, with an overall geometric mean concentration (0.26 most probable number [mpn]/liter) that was relatively low compared to prior reports for riv ... | 2015 | 25911476 |
| eukaryote-made thermostable dna polymerase enables rapid pcr-based detection of mycoplasma, ureaplasma and other bacteria in the amniotic fluid of preterm labor cases. | intra-amniotic infection has long been recognized as the leading cause of preterm delivery. microbial culture is the gold standard for the detection of intra-amniotic infection, but several days are required, and many bacterial species in the amniotic fluid are difficult to cultivate. | 2015 | 26042418 |
| a predicted protein interactome identifies conserved global networks and disease resistance subnetworks in maize. | interactomes are genome-wide roadmaps of protein-protein interactions. they have been produced for humans, yeast, the fruit fly, and arabidopsis thaliana and have become invaluable tools for generating and testing hypotheses. a predicted interactome for zea mays (pizeam) is presented here as an aid to the research community for this valuable crop species. pizeam was built using a proven method of interologs (interacting orthologs) that were identified using both one-to-one and many-to-many ortho ... | 2015 | 26089837 |
| a case of rare small bowel tumor in a child and review of literature. | 2015 | 27217683 | |
| evaluation of a polysaccharide conjugate vaccine to reduce colonization by campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens. | campylobacter jejuni is a leading bacterial cause of food-borne illness in humans. symptoms range from mild gastroenteritis to dysentery. contaminated chicken meat is the most common cause of infection. broiler chickens become colonized with high numbers of c. jejuni in the intestinal tract, but do not become clinically ill. vaccination of broiler chicks to control colonization by c. jejuni is challenging because immune function is limited in the first 2 weeks post-hatch and immune suppressive m ... | 2015 | 26032784 |
| internalization of pseudomonas aeruginosa strain pao1 into epithelial cells is promoted by interaction of a t6ss effector with the microtubule network. | invasion of nonphagocytic cells through rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton is a common immune evasion mechanism used by most intracellular bacteria. however, some pathogens modulate host microtubules as well by a still poorly understood mechanism. in this study, we aim at deciphering the mechanisms by which the opportunistic bacterial pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa invades nonphagocytic cells, although it is considered mainly an extracellular bacterium. using confocal microscopy and immuno ... | 2015 | 26037124 |
| b cells using calcium signaling for specific and rapid detection of escherichia coli o157:h7. | a rapid and sensitive detection technology is highly desirable for specific detection of e. coli o157:h7, one of the leading bacterial pathogens causing foodborne illness. in this study, we reported the rapid detection of e. coli o157:h7 by using calcium signaling of the b cell upon cellular membrane anchors anti-e. coli o157:h7 igm. the binding of e. coli o157:h7 to the igm on b cell surface activates the b cell receptor (bcr)-induced ca(2+) signaling pathway and results in the release of ca(2+ ... | 2015 | 26034978 |
| enteric pathogens exploit the microbiota-generated nutritional environment of the gut. | host bacterial associations have a profound impact on health and disease. the human gastrointestinal (gi) tract is inhabited by trillions of commensal bacteria that aid in the digestion of food and vitamin production and play crucial roles in human physiology. disruption of these relationships and the structure of the bacterial communities that inhabit the gut can contribute to dysbiosis, leading to disease. this fundamental relationship between the host and microbiota relies on chemical signali ... | 2015 | 26185079 |
| impact of cholesterol on disease progression. | cholesterol-rich microdomains (also called lipid rafts), where platforms for signaling are provided and thought to be associated with microbe-induced pathogenesis and lead to cancer progression. after treatment of cells with cholesterol disrupting or usurping agents, raft-associated proteins and lipids can be dissociated, and this renders the cell structure nonfunctional and therefore mitigates disease severity. this review focuses on the role of cholesterol in disease progression including canc ... | 2015 | 26048694 |
| inflammation-associated microbiota in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis. | eosinophilic esophagitis (eoe) is an allergic disorder characterized by eosinophil-predominant esophageal inflammation, which can be ameliorated by food antigen restriction. though recent studies suggest that changes in dietary composition may alter the distal gut microbiome, little is currently known about the impact of a restricted diet upon microbial communities of the oral and esophageal microenvironments in the context of eoe. we hypothesize that the oral and esophageal microbiomes of eoe p ... | 2015 | 26034601 |
| yersinia pseudotuberculosis ip32953 survives and replicates in trophozoites and persists in cysts of acanthamoeba castellanii. | yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a foodborne enteric pathogen that causes a mild self-limiting diarrhea in humans. yersinia pseudotuberculosis is able to persist in soil and water and in association with fresh produce, but the mechanism by which it persists is unknown. it has been shown that y. pseudotuberculosis co-occurs with protozoans in these environments; therefore, this study investigates if bacterivorous free-living amoeba (fla) are able to support persistence of y. pseudotuberculosis. coc ... | 2015 | 26025069 |
| early life microbial colonization of the gut and intestinal development differ between genetically divergent broiler lines. | host genetic makeup plays a role in early gut microbial colonization and immune programming. interactions between gut microbiota and host cells of the mucosal layer are of paramount importance for a proper development of host defence mechanisms. for different livestock species, it has already been shown that particular genotypes have increased susceptibilities towards disease causing pathogens. the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of genotypic variation on both early microbi ... | 2015 | 26017153 |
| detection of enteropathogens associated with travelers' diarrhea using a multiplex luminex-based assay performed on stool samples smeared on whatman fta elute cards. | we evaluated the limits of detection (lod) for an 11-plex pcr-luminex assay performed on whatman(™) fta elute cards smeared with stool containing pathogens associated with travelers' diarrhea. lods ranged from 10(2) to 10(5)cfu, pfu, or cysts/g for most pathogens except cryptosporidium. campylobacter and norovirus lods increased with prolonged storage of cards. | 2015 | 26072151 |
| tonb energy transduction systems of riemerella anatipestifer are required for iron and hemin utilization. | riemerella anatipestifer (r. anatipestifer) is one of the most important pathogens in ducks. the bacteria causes acute or chronic septicemia characterized by fibrinous pericarditis and meningitis. the r. anatipestifer genome encodes multiple iron/hemin-uptake systems that facilitate adaptation to iron-limited host environments. these systems include several tonb-dependent transporters and three tonb proteins responsible for energy transduction. these three tonb genes are present in all the r. an ... | 2015 | 26017672 |
| transducer like proteins of campylobacter jejuni 81-176: role in chemotaxis and colonization of the chicken gastrointestinal tract. | transducer like proteins (tlps), also known as methyl accepting chemotaxis proteins (mcp), enable enteric pathogens to respond to changing nutrient levels in the environment by mediating taxis toward or away from specific chemoeffector molecules. despite recent advances in the characterization of chemotaxis responses in campylobacter jejuni, the impact of tlps on the adaptation of this pathogen to disparate niches and hosts is not fully characterized. the latter is particularly evident in the ca ... | 2015 | 26075188 |
| novel insights into the pathogenicity of epidemic aeromonas hydrophila st251 clones from comparative genomics. | outbreaks in fish of motile aeromonad septicemia (mas) caused by aeromonas hydrophila have caused a great concern worldwide. here, for the first time, we provide two complete genomes of epidemic a. hydrophila strains isolated in china. to gain an insight into the pathogenicity of epidemic a. hydrophila, we performed comparative genomic analyses of five epidemic strains belonging to sequence type (st) 251, together with the environmental strain atcc 7966(t). we found that the known virulence fact ... | 2015 | 26014286 |
| evolution of host specialization in gut microbes: the bee gut as a model. | bacterial symbionts of eukaryotes often give up generalist lifestyles to specialize to particular hosts. the eusocial honey bees and bumble bees harbor two such specialized gut symbionts, snodgrassella alvi and gilliamella apicola. not only are these microorganisms specific to bees, but different strains of these bacteria tend to assort according to host species. by using in-vivo microbial transplant experiments, we show that the observed specificity is, at least in part, due to evolved physiolo ... | 2015 | 26011669 |
| databases for microbiologists. | databases play an increasingly important role in biology. they archive, store, maintain, and share information on genes, genomes, expression data, protein sequences and structures, metabolites and reactions, interactions, and pathways. all these data are critically important to microbiologists. furthermore, microbiology has its own databases that deal with model microorganisms, microbial diversity, physiology, and pathogenesis. thousands of biological databases are currently available, and it be ... | 2015 | 26013493 |
| host-like carbohydrates promote bloodstream survival of vibrio vulnificus in vivo. | sialic acids are found on all vertebrate cell surfaces and are part of a larger class of molecules known as nonulosonic acids. many bacterial pathogens synthesize related nine-carbon backbone sugars; however, the role(s) of these non-sialic acid molecules in host-pathogen interactions is poorly understood. vibrio vulnificus is the leading cause of seafood-related death in the united states due to its ability to quickly access the host bloodstream, which it can accomplish through gastrointestinal ... | 2015 | 26015477 |
| deaths following vaccination: what does the evidence show? | vaccines are rigorously tested and monitored and are among the safest medical products we use. millions of vaccinations are given to children and adults in the united states each year. serious adverse reactions are rare. however, because of the high volume of use, coincidental adverse events including deaths, that are temporally associated with vaccination, do occur. when death occurs shortly following vaccination, loved ones and others might naturally question whether it was related to vaccinat ... | 2015 | 26004568 |
| detection of emerging and re-emerging pathogens in surface waters close to an urban area. | current knowledge about the spread of pathogens in aquatic environments is scarce probably because bacteria, viruses, algae and their toxins tend to occur at low concentrations in water, making them very difficult to measure directly. the purpose of this study was the development and validation of tools to detect pathogens in freshwater systems close to an urban area. in order to evaluate anthropogenic impacts on water microbiological quality, a phylogenetic microarray was developed in the conte ... | 2015 | 26006125 |
| diversity of intestinal clostridium coccoides group in the japanese population, as demonstrated by reverse transcription-quantitative pcr. | we used sensitive rrna-targeted reverse transcription-quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) to quantify the clostridium coccoides group, which is a major anaerobic population in the human intestine. for this purpose, the c. coccoides group was classified into 3 subgroups and 19 species for expediency in accordance with the existing database, and specific primers were newly developed to evaluate them. population levels of the c. coccoides group in human feces determined by rt-qpcr were equivalent to those d ... | 2015 | 26000453 |
| interactions between human norovirus surrogates and acanthamoeba spp. | human noroviruses (hunovs) are the most common cause of food-borne disease outbreaks, as well as virus-related waterborne disease outbreaks in the united states. here, we hypothesize that common free-living amoebae (fla)-ubiquitous in the environment, known to interact with pathogens, and frequently isolated from water and fresh produce-could potentially act as reservoirs of hunov and facilitate the environmental transmission of hunovs. to investigate fla as reservoirs for hunov, the interaction ... | 2015 | 25841006 |
| waterborne pathogens: detection methods and challenges. | waterborne pathogens and related diseases are a major public health concern worldwide, not only by the morbidity and mortality that they cause, but by the high cost that represents their prevention and treatment. these diseases are directly related to environmental deterioration and pollution. despite the continued efforts to maintain water safety, waterborne outbreaks are still reported globally. proper assessment of pathogens on water and water quality monitoring are key factors for decision-m ... | 2015 | 26011827 |
| molecular mechanisms underlying the close association between soil burkholderia and fungi. | bacterial species belonging to the genus burkholderia have been repeatedly reported to be associated with fungi but the extent and specificity of these associations in soils remain undetermined. to assess whether associations between burkholderia and fungi are widespread in soils, we performed a co-occurrence analysis in an intercontinental soil sample collection. this revealed that burkholderia significantly co-occurred with a wide range of fungi. to analyse the molecular basis of the interacti ... | 2015 | 25989372 |
| molecular mechanisms underlying the close association between soil burkholderia and fungi. | bacterial species belonging to the genus burkholderia have been repeatedly reported to be associated with fungi but the extent and specificity of these associations in soils remain undetermined. to assess whether associations between burkholderia and fungi are widespread in soils, we performed a co-occurrence analysis in an intercontinental soil sample collection. this revealed that burkholderia significantly co-occurred with a wide range of fungi. to analyse the molecular basis of the interacti ... | 2015 | 25989372 |
| how the intricate interaction among toll-like receptors, microbiota, and intestinal immunity can influence gastrointestinal pathology. | the gut is able to maintain tolerance to microbial and food antigens. the intestine minimizes the number of harmful bacteria by shaping the microbiota through a symbiotic relationship. in healthy human intestine, a constant homeostasis is maintained by the perfect regulation of microbial load and the immune response generated against it. failure of this balance may result in various pathological conditions. innate immune sensors, such as toll-like receptors (tlrs), may be considered an interface ... | 2015 | 26090491 |
| excretion of host dna in feces is associated with risk of clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is intricately linked to the health of the gastrointestinal tract and its indigenous microbiota. in this study, we assessed whether fecal excretion of host dna is associated with cdi development. assuming that shedding of epithelial cell increases in the inflamed intestine, we used human dna excretion as a marker of intestinal insult. whole-genome shotgun sequencing was employed to quantify host dna excretion and evaluate bacterial content in fecal samples c ... | 2015 | 26090486 |
| the interaction among microbiota, immunity, and genetic and dietary factors is the condicio sine qua non celiac disease can develop. | celiac disease (cd) is an immune-mediated enteropathy, triggered by dietary wheat gluten and similar proteins of barley and rye in genetically susceptible individuals. this is a complex disorder involving both environmental and immune-genetic factors. the major genetic risk factor for cd is determined by hla-dq genes. dysfunction of the innate and adaptive immune systems can conceivably cause impairment of mucosal barrier function and development of localized or systemic inflammatory and autoimm ... | 2015 | 26090475 |
| helicobacteraceae in bulk tank milk of dairy herds from northern italy. | helicobacter pylori is responsible for gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma in humans, but the routes of transmission of this bacterium have not been clearly defined. few studies led to supposing that h. pylori could be transmitted through raw milk, and no one investigated the presence of other helicobacteraceae in milk. in the current work, the presence of helicobacteraceae was investigated in the bulk tank milk of dairy cattle herds located in northern italy both by direct plating onto h. pylo ... | 2015 | 26090429 |
| transcriptomic analysis of campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168 in response to epinephrine and norepinephrine. | upon colonization in the host gastrointestinal tract, the enteric bacterial pathogen campylobacter jejuni is exposed to a variety of signaling molecules including the catecholamine hormones epinephrine (epi) and norepinephrine (ne). ne has been observed to stimulate the growth and potentially enhance the pathogenicity of c. jejuni. however, the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. in this study, both epi and ne were also observed to promote c. jejuni growth in memα-based iron-restric ... | 2015 | 26042101 |
| an unprecedented dual antagonist and agonist of human transglutaminase 2. | transglutaminase 2 (tg2) is a ubiquitously expressed, ca(2+)-activated extracellular enzyme in mammals that is maintained in a catalytically dormant state by multiple mechanisms. although its precise physiological role in the extracellular matrix remains unclear, aberrantly up-regulated tg2 activity is a hallmark of several maladies, including celiac disease. previously, we reported the discovery of a class of acylideneoxoindoles as potent, reversible inhibitors of human tg2. detailed analysis o ... | 2015 | 26004580 |
| prevalence of classic, mlb-clade and va-clade astroviruses in kenya and the gambia. | infectious diarrhea leads to significant mortality in children, with 40 % of these deaths occurring in africa. classic human astroviruses are a well-established etiology of diarrhea. in recent years, seven novel astroviruses have been discovered (mlb1, mlb2, mlb3, va1/hmo-c, va2/hmo-b, va3/hmo-a, va4); however, there have been few studies on their prevalence or potential association with diarrhea. | 2015 | 25975198 |
| potential transmission pathways of streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus. | streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (s. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus), a member of group d streptococci, is an inhabitant of the animal and human gastrointestinal tract. furthermore, it is a facultative pathogen which causes e.g. endocarditis, septicemia and mastitis. s. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus may be transmitted either directly or indirectly between animals and humans. however, the transmission routes are an unsolved issue. in this study, we present systematic analyses o ... | 2015 | 25978355 |
| stress induces endotoxemia and low-grade inflammation by increasing barrier permeability. | chronic non-communicable diseases (ncds) are the leading causes of work absence, disability, and mortality worldwide. most of these diseases are associated with low-grade inflammation. here, we hypothesize that stresses (defined as homeostatic disturbances) can induce low-grade inflammation by increasing the availability of water, sodium, and energy-rich substances to meet the increased metabolic demand induced by the stressor. one way of triggering low-grade inflammation is by increasing intest ... | 2015 | 26029209 |
| clinical applications of bioactive milk components. | milk represents a unique resource for translational medicine: it contains a rich pool of biologically active molecules with demonstrated clinical benefits. the ongoing characterization of the mechanistic process through which milk components promote development and immunity has revealed numerous milk-derived compounds with potential applications as clinical therapies in infectious and inflammatory disease, cancer, and other conditions. lactoferrin is an effective antimicrobial and antiviral agen ... | 2015 | 26011900 |
| biological properties of extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions. | in the past decade, extracellular vesicles (evs) have been recognized as potent vehicles of intercellular communication, both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. this is due to their capacity to transfer proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, thereby influencing various physiological and pathological functions of both recipient and parent cells. while intensive investigation has targeted the role of evs in different pathological processes, for example, in cancer and autoimmune diseases, the ev-mediated ... | 2015 | 25979354 |
| an integrative view of microbiome-host interactions in inflammatory bowel diseases. | the intestinal microbiota, which is composed of bacteria, viruses, and micro-eukaryotes, acts as an accessory organ system with distinct functions along the intestinal tract that are critical for health. this review focuses on how the microbiota drives intestinal disease through alterations in microbial community architecture, disruption of the mucosal barrier, modulation of innate and adaptive immunity, and dysfunction of the enteric nervous system. inflammatory bowel disease is used as a model ... | 2015 | 25974300 |
| development and validation of a biomarker for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome in human subjects. | diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) is diagnosed through clinical criteria after excluding "organic" conditions, and can be precipitated by acute gastroenteritis. cytolethal distending toxin b (cdtb) is produced by bacteria that cause acute gastroenteritis, and a post-infectious animal model demonstrates that host antibodies to cdtb cross-react with vinculin in the host gut, producing an ibs-like phenotype. therefore, we assessed circulating anti-cdtb and anti-vinculin antibodies ... | 2015 | 25970536 |
| clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-dependent, biofilm-specific death of pseudomonas aeruginosa mediated by increased expression of phage-related genes. | the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr)/crispr-associated (crispr/cas) system is an adaptive immune system present in many archaea and bacteria. crispr/cas systems are incredibly diverse, and there is increasing evidence of crispr/cas systems playing a role in cellular functions distinct from phage immunity. previously, our laboratory reported one such alternate function in which the type 1-f crispr/cas system of the opportunistic pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa str ... | 2015 | 25968642 |
| the diversity of membrane transporters encoded in bacterial arsenic-resistance operons. | transporter-facilitated arsenite extrusion is the major pathway of arsenic resistance within bacteria. so far only two types of membrane-bound transporter proteins, arsb and arsy (acr3), have been well studied, although the arsenic transporters in bacteria display considerable diversity. utilizing accumulated genome sequence data, we searched arsenic resistance (ars) operons in about 2,500 bacterial strains and located over 700 membrane-bound transporters which are encoded in these operons. sequ ... | 2015 | 26020003 |
| structural biology of bacterial rna polymerase. | since its discovery and characterization in the early 1960s (hurwitz, j. the discovery of rna polymerase. j. biol. chem. 2005, 280, 42477-42485), an enormous amount of biochemical, biophysical and genetic data has been collected on bacterial rna polymerase (rnap). in the late 1990s, structural information pertaining to bacterial rnap has emerged that provided unprecedented insights into the function and mechanism of rna transcription. in this review, i list all structures related to bacterial rn ... | 2015 | 25970587 |
| acute flaccid paralysis surveillance: a 6 years study, isfahan, iran. | poliomyelitis is still an endemic disease in many areas of the world including africa and south asia. iran is polio free since 2001. however, due to endemicity of polio in neighboring countries of iran, the risk of polio importation and re-emergence of wild polio virus is high. case definition through surveillance system is a well-defined method for maintenance of polio eradication in polio free countries. | 2015 | 26015925 |
| extensive characterization of campylobacter jejuni chicken isolates to uncover genes involved in the ability to compete for gut colonization. | campylobacter jejuni is responsible for human foodborne enteritis. this bacterium is a remarkable colonizer of the chicken gut, with some strains outcompeting others for colonization. to better understand this phenomenon, the objective of this study was to extensively characterize the phenotypic performance of c. jejuni chicken strains and associate their gut colonizing ability with specific genes. | 2015 | 25958385 |
| extracellular zinc induces phosphoethanolamine addition to pseudomonas aeruginosa lipid a via the colrs two-component system. | gram-negative bacteria survive harmful environmental stressors by modifying their outer membrane. much of this protection is afforded upon remodeling of the lipid a region of the major surface molecule lipopolysaccharide (lps). for example, the addition of cationic substituents, such as 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (l-ara4n) and phosphoehthanolamine (petn) at the lipid a phosphate groups, is often induced in response to specific environmental flux stabilizing the outer membrane. the work herein r ... | 2015 | 25846400 |
| development of a comparative genomic fingerprinting assay for rapid and high resolution genotyping of arcobacter butzleri. | molecular typing methods are critical for epidemiological investigations, facilitating disease outbreak detection and source identification. study of the epidemiology of the emerging human pathogen arcobacter butzleri is currently hampered by the lack of a subtyping method that is easily deployable in the context of routine epidemiological surveillance. in this study we describe a comparative genomic fingerprinting (cgf) method for high-resolution and high-throughput subtyping of a. butzleri. co ... | 2015 | 25947176 |
| mammalian synthetic biology: emerging medical applications. | in this review, we discuss new emerging medical applications of the rapidly evolving field of mammalian synthetic biology. we start with simple mammalian synthetic biological components and move towards more complex and therapy-oriented gene circuits. a comprehensive list of on-off switches, categorized into transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational and post-translational, is presented in the first sections. subsequently, boolean logic gates, synthetic mammalian oscillators and toggle ... | 2015 | 25808341 |
| crispr diversity in e. coli isolates from australian animals, humans and environmental waters. | seventy four snp genotypes and 54 e. coli genomes from kangaroo, tasmanian devil, reptile, cattle, dog, horse, duck, bird, fish, rodent, human and environmental water sources were screened for the presence of the crispr 2.1 loci flanked by cas2 and iap genes. crispr 2.1 regions were found in 49% of the strains analysed. the majority of human e. coli isolates lacked the crispr 2.1 locus. we described 76 crispr 2.1 positive isolates originating from australian animals and humans, which contained a ... | 2015 | 25946192 |
| genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of immune genes in the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.). | the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.), is a destructive pest that attacks cruciferous crops worldwide. immune responses are important for interactions between insects and pathogens and information on these underpins the development of strategies for biocontrol-based pest management. little, however, is known about immune genes and their regulation patterns in p. xylostella. a total of 149 immune-related genes in 20 gene families were identified through comparison of p. xylostella genome ... | 2015 | 25943446 |
| an l-fucose operon in the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg is involved in adaptation to gastrointestinal conditions. | l-fucose is a sugar present in human secretions as part of human milk oligosaccharides, mucins, and other glycoconjugates in the intestinal epithelium. the genome of the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) carries a gene cluster encoding a putative l-fucose permease (fucp), l-fucose catabolic pathway (fuci, fuck, fucu, and fuca), and a transcriptional regulator (fucr). the metabolism of l-fucose in lgg results in 1,2-propanediol production, and their fuci and fucp mutants displayed a seve ... | 2015 | 25819967 |
| gene loss and lineage-specific restriction-modification systems associated with niche differentiation in the campylobacter jejuni sequence type 403 clonal complex. | campylobacter jejuni is a highly diverse species of bacteria commonly associated with infectious intestinal disease of humans and zoonotic carriage in poultry, cattle, pigs, and other animals. the species contains a large number of distinct clonal complexes that vary from host generalist lineages commonly found in poultry, livestock, and human disease cases to host-adapted specialized lineages primarily associated with livestock or poultry. here, we present novel data on the st403 clonal complex ... | 2015 | 25795671 |
| strategies for the identification and tracking of cronobacter species: an opportunistic pathogen of concern to neonatal health. | cronobacter species are emerging opportunistic food-borne pathogens, which consists of seven species, including c. sakazakii, c. malonaticus, c. muytjensii, c. turicensis, c. dublinensis, c. universalis, and c. condimenti. the organism can cause severe clinical infections, including necrotizing enterocolitis, septicemia, and meningitis, predominately among neonates <4 weeks of age. cronobacter species can be isolated from various foods and their surrounding environments; however, powdered infant ... | 2015 | 26000266 |
| co-infection of the siberian hamster (phodopus sungorus) with a novel helicobacter sp. and campylobacter sp. | we report the isolation of a novel helicobacter isolated from the caecum of the siberian hamster (phodopus sungorus). sequence analysis showed 97% sequence similarity to helicobacter ganmani. in addition, we report the co-infection of these siberian hamsters with a campylobacter sp. and a second helicobacter sp. with 99% sequence similarity to helicobacter sp. flexispira taxon 8 (helicobacter bilis), a species isolated previously from patients with bacteraemia. gross necropsy and histopathology ... | 2015 | 25752854 |
| lack of negative effects on syrian hamsters and mongolian gerbils housed in the same secondary enclosure. | in cases where different species might be housed in the same room or secondary enclosure, the guide for the care and use of laboratory animals recommends that the animals should be behaviorally compatible and have the same health status. syrian hamsters and mongolian gerbils, both desert-dwelling rodents, appear to be reasonable candidates for such a combination. this study was undertaken to evaluate whether housing hamsters and gerbils in the same secondary enclosure is an acceptable practice. ... | 2015 | 26045450 |
| gut-microbiota-brain axis and its effect on neuropsychiatric disorders with suspected immune dysregulation. | gut microbiota regulate intestinal function and health. however, mounting evidence indicates that they can also influence the immune and nervous systems and vice versa. this article reviews the bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiota and the brain, termed the microbiota-gut-brain (mgb) axis, and discusses how it contributes to the pathogenesis of certain disorders that may involve brain inflammation. | 2015 | 26046241 |
| how do base-pairing small rnas evolve? | the increasing numbers of characterized base-pairing small rnas (srnas) and the identification of these regulators in a broad range of bacteria are allowing comparisons between species and explorations of srna evolution. in this review, we describe some examples of trans-encoded base-pairing srnas that are species-specific and others that are more broadly distributed. we also describe examples of srna orthologs where different features are conserved. these examples provide the background for a d ... | 2015 | 25934120 |
| the pho regulon: a huge regulatory network in bacteria. | one of the most important achievements of bacteria is its capability to adapt to the changing conditions of the environment. the competition for nutrients with other microorganisms, especially in the soil, where nutritional conditions are more variable, has led bacteria to evolve a plethora of mechanisms to rapidly fine-tune the requirements of the cell. one of the essential nutrients that are normally found in low concentrations in nature is inorganic phosphate (pi). bacteria, as well as other ... | 2015 | 25983732 |
| real-time pcr assay for detection and differentiation of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli from clinical samples. | timely accurate diagnosis of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) infections is important. we evaluated a laboratory-developed real-time pcr (ld-pcr) assay targeting stx1, stx2, and rfbeo157 with 2,386 qualifying stool samples submitted to the microbiology laboratory of a tertiary care pediatric center between july 2011 and december 2013. broth cultures of pcr-positive samples were tested for shiga toxins by enzyme immunoassay (eia) (immunocard stat! enterohemorrhagic e. coli [ehec]; me ... | 2015 | 25926491 |
| activation of nlrc4 downregulates tlr5-mediated antibody immune responses against flagellin. | bacterial flagellin is a unique pathogen-associated molecular pattern (pamp), which can be recognized by surface localized toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) and the cytosolic nod-like receptor (nlr) protein 4 (nlrc4) receptors. activation of the tlr5 and/or nlrc4 signaling pathways by flagellin and the resulting immune responses play important roles in anti-bacterial immunity. however, it remains unclear how the dual activities of flagellin that activate the tlr5 and/or nlrc4 signaling pathways orches ... | 2015 | 25914934 |
| activation of nlrc4 downregulates tlr5-mediated antibody immune responses against flagellin. | bacterial flagellin is a unique pathogen-associated molecular pattern (pamp), which can be recognized by surface localized toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) and the cytosolic nod-like receptor (nlr) protein 4 (nlrc4) receptors. activation of the tlr5 and/or nlrc4 signaling pathways by flagellin and the resulting immune responses play important roles in anti-bacterial immunity. however, it remains unclear how the dual activities of flagellin that activate the tlr5 and/or nlrc4 signaling pathways orches ... | 2015 | 25914934 |
| nad-independent l-lactate dehydrogenase required for l-lactate utilization in pseudomonas stutzeri a1501. | nad-independent l-lactate dehydrogenases (l-ildhs) play important roles in l-lactate utilization of different organisms. all of the previously reported l-ildhs were flavoproteins that catalyze the oxidation of l-lactate by the flavin mononucleotide (fmn)-dependent mechanism. based on comparative genomic analysis, a gene cluster with three genes (llda, lldb, and lldc) encoding a novel type of l-ildh was identified in pseudomonas stutzeri a1501. when the gene cluster was expressed in escherichia c ... | 2015 | 25917905 |
| in vivo volatile organic compound signatures of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of a chronic enteric disease of ruminants. available diagnostic tests are complex and slow. in vitro, volatile organic compound (voc) patterns emitted from map cultures mirrored bacterial growth and enabled distinction of different strains. this study was intended to determine vocs in vivo in the controlled setting of an animal model. vocs were pre-concentrated from breath and feces of 42 goats (16 controls and 26 map-inocula ... | 2015 | 25915653 |
| draft genome sequences of paenibacillus polymyxa nrrl b-30509 and paenibacillus terrae nrrl b-30644, strains from a poultry environment that produce tridecaptin a and paenicidins. | paenibacillus polymyxa nrrl b-30509 and paenibacillus terrae nrrl b-30644 produce tridecaptin a that is inhibitory to campylobacter jejuni, as well as lantibiotics in the paenicidin family. here, we report the draft genome sequences of p. polymyxa nrrl b-30509 and p. terrae nrrl b-30644 that contain gene clusters for various nonribosomal lipopeptides. | 2015 | 25908148 |
| whole-genome sequences of eight campylobacter jejuni isolates from wild birds. | we present here the draft genome sequences of 8 campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from wild birds. the strains were initially isolated from swabs taken from resident wild birds in the tokachi area of japan. the genome sizes range from 1.65 to 1.77 mbp. | 2015 | 25908133 |
| type 2 diabetes and gut microbiome: at the intersection of known and unknown. | the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing rapidly across the globe. though the prevalence of the disease is similar in population of upper middle income and high income countries, the age of affected population is lower in upper middle income countries. this is attributed to genetic as well as changing life style factors. the contributing factors for type 2 diabetes range from genetic/epigenetic disposal, intra uterine nutrition, dietary pattern to sedentary lifestyle. the role of the g ... | 2015 | 25901889 |
| taxonomic identification of ruminal epithelial bacterial diversity during rumen development in goats. | understanding of the colonization process of epithelial bacteria attached to the rumen tissue during rumen development is very limited. ruminal epithelial bacterial colonization is of great significance for the relationship between the microbiota and the host and can influence the early development and health of the host. miseq sequencing of 16s rrna genes and quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) were applied to characterize ruminal epithelial bacterial diversity during rumen development in this st ... | 2015 | 25769827 |
| genes indicative of zoonotic and swine pathogens are persistent in stream water and sediment following a swine manure spill. | manure spills into streams are relatively frequent, but no studies have characterized stream contamination with zoonotic and veterinary pathogens, or fecal chemicals, following a spill. we tested stream water and sediment over 25 days and downstream for 7.6 km for the following: fecal indicator bacteria (fib), the fecal indicator chemicals cholesterol and coprostanol, 20 genes for zoonotic and swine-specific bacterial pathogens by presence/absence pcr for viable cells, one swine-specific escheri ... | 2015 | 25769829 |
| phosphoethanolamine transferase lpta in haemophilus ducreyi modifies lipid a and contributes to human defensin resistance in vitro. | haemophilus ducreyi resists the cytotoxic effects of human antimicrobial peptides (aps), including α-defensins, β-defensins, and the cathelicidin ll-37. resistance to ll-37, mediated by the sensitive to antimicrobial peptide (sap) transporter, is required for h. ducreyi virulence in humans. cationic aps are attracted to the negatively charged bacterial cell surface. in other gram-negative bacteria, modification of lipopolysaccharide or lipooligosaccharide (los) by the addition of positively char ... | 2015 | 25902140 |
| structure of cryptosporidium imp dehydrogenase bound to an inhibitor with in vivo antiparasitic activity. | inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (impdh) is a promising target for the treatment of cryptosporidium infections. here, the structure of c. parvum impdh (cpimpdh) in complex with inosine 5'-monophosphate (imp) and p131, an inhibitor with in vivo anticryptosporidial activity, is reported. p131 contains two aromatic groups, one of which interacts with the hypoxanthine ring of imp, while the second interacts with the aromatic ring of a tyrosine in the adjacent subunit. in addition, the amine an ... | 2015 | 25945705 |
| the serine protease autotransporter pic modulates citrobacter rodentium pathogenesis and its innate recognition by the host. | bacterial pathogens produce a number of autotransporters that possess diverse functions. these include the family of serine protease autotransporters of enterobacteriaceae (spates) produced by enteric pathogens such as shigella flexneri and enteroaggregative escherichia coli. of these spates, one termed "protein involved in colonization," or pic, has been shown to possess mucinase activity in vitro, but to date, its role in in vivo enteric pathogenesis is unknown. testing a pic null (δpicc) muta ... | 2015 | 25895966 |
| heterologous surface display on lactic acid bacteria: non-gmo alternative? | lactic acid bacteria (lab) are food-grade hosts for surface display with potential applications in food and therapy. alternative approaches to surface display on lab would avoid the use of recombinant dna technology and genetically-modified organism (gmo)-related regulatory requirements. non-covalent surface display of proteins can be achieved by fusing them to various cell-wall binding domains, of which the lysine motif domain (lysm) is particularly well studied. fusion proteins have been isola ... | 2015 | 25880164 |
| optical nano antennas: state of the art, scope and challenges as a biosensor along with human exposure to nano-toxicology. | the concept of optical antennas in physical optics is still evolving. like the antennas used in the radio frequency (rf) regime, the aspiration of optical antennas is to localize the free propagating radiation energy, and vice versa. for this purpose, optical antennas utilize the distinctive properties of metal nanostructures, which are strong plasmonic coupling elements at the optical regime. the concept of optical antennas is being advanced technologically and they are projected to be substitu ... | 2015 | 25884787 |
| phylogenomic analysis and predicted physiological role of the proton-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (complex i) across bacteria. | the proton-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (complex i) is a multisubunit integral membrane enzyme found in the respiratory chains of both bacteria and eukaryotic organelles. although much research has focused on the enzyme's central role in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, comparatively little is known about its role in the diverse energetic lifestyles of different bacteria. here, we used a phylogenomic approach to better understand the distribution of complex i across bacteria, th ... | 2015 | 25873378 |
| the type vi secretion system modulates flagellar gene expression and secretion in citrobacter freundii and contributes to adhesion and cytotoxicity to host cells. | the type vi secretion system (t6ss) as a virulence factor-releasing system contributes to virulence development of various pathogens and is often activated upon contact with target cells. citrobacter freundii strain cf74 has a complete t6ss genomic island (gi) that contains clpv, hcp-2, and vgr t6ss genes. we constructed clpv, hcp-2, vgr, and t6ss gi deletion mutants in cf74 and analyzed their effects on the transcriptome overall and, specifically, on the flagellar system at the levels of transc ... | 2015 | 25870231 |
| cryo-em structure of the tetracycline resistance protein tetm in complex with a translating ribosome at 3.9-å resolution. | ribosome protection proteins (rpps) confer resistance to tetracycline by binding to the ribosome and chasing the drug from its binding site. current models for rpp action are derived from 7.2- to 16-å resolution structures of rpps bound to vacant or nontranslating ribosomes. here we present a cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of the rpp tetm in complex with a translating ribosome at 3.9-å resolution. the structure reveals the contacts of tetm with the ribosome, including interaction betwee ... | 2015 | 25870267 |
| complex of gm1- and gd1a-like lipo-oligosaccharide mimics gm1b, inducing anti-gm1b antibodies. | molecular mimicry between campylobacter jejuni lipo-oligosaccharides (loss) and human gangliosides gm1 and gd1a induces the production of anti-gm1 and anti-gd1a antibodies, and the development of guillain-barré syndrome. complexes of two different gangliosides form new molecular shapes capable of enhancing recognition by anti-ganglioside antibodies. to test the hypothesis that the complex of gm1-like and gd1a-like loss of c. jejuni induces the development of anti-gm1b antibodies in guillain-barr ... | 2015 | 25867522 |
| xylo-oligosaccharides and virginiamycin differentially modulate gut microbial composition in chickens. | the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance in pathogens have led to a restriction on the use of antibiotic growth promoters (agps) in animal feed in some countries. the potential negative after-effects of a ban on agps could be mitigated by improving animal intestinal health with prebiotic dietary fibers such as xylo-oligosaccharides (xos). however, the mechanism(s) by which an antibiotic or prebiotic contributes to the health and growth of animals are not well understood. here, we evalua ... | 2015 | 25874109 |
| genesippr: a rapid whole-genome approach for the identification and characterization of foodborne pathogens such as priority shiga toxigenic escherichia coli. | the timely identification and characterization of foodborne bacteria for risk assessment purposes is a key operation in outbreak investigations. current methods require several days and/or provide low-resolution characterization. here we describe a whole-genome-sequencing (wgs) approach (genesippr) enabling same-day identification of colony isolates recovered from investigative food samples. the identification of colonies of priority shiga-toxigenic escherichia coli (stec) (i.e., serogroups o26, ... | 2015 | 25860693 |
| perception of pathogenic or beneficial bacteria and their evasion of host immunity: pattern recognition receptors in the frontline. | plants are continuously monitoring the presence of microorganisms to establish an adapted response. plants commonly use pattern recognition receptors (prrs) to perceive microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (mamps/pamps) which are microorganism molecular signatures. located at the plant plasma membrane, the prrs are generally receptor-like kinases (rlks) or receptor-like proteins (rlps). mamp detection will lead to the establishment of a plant defense program called mamp-triggered i ... | 2015 | 25904927 |
| predictors of rational management of diarrhea in an endemic setting: observation from india. | decades after the establishment of clear guidelines for management, mostly due to irrational approach, diarrhea is still a major concern in the developing world, including india. the scenario is even worse in urban slums owing to poor health-seeking and socio-environmental vulnerability. determining the distribution of rational diarrhea management by practitioners and identification of its important predictors seemed urgent to minimize the potential for antibiotic resistance, diarrhea-related mo ... | 2015 | 25849617 |
| interplay of the gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori with toll-like receptors. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are crucial for pathogen recognition and downstream signaling to induce effective immunity. the gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori is a paradigm of persistent bacterial infections and chronic inflammation in humans. the chronicity of inflammation during h. pylori infection is related to the manipulation of regulatory cytokines. in general, the early detection of h. pylori by tlrs and other pattern recognition receptors (prrs) is believed to induce a regulatory cytoki ... | 2015 | 25945326 |
| virulence characterization of campylobacter jejuni isolated from resident wild birds in tokachi area, japan. | the prevalence of campylobacter jejuni in wild birds is a potential hazard for human and animal health. the aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of c. jejuni in wild birds in tokachi area, hokkaido, japan and investigate their virulence in vitro. in total, 173 cloacal swabs from individual wild birds were collected for the detection of campylobacter spp. thirty four samples (19.7%) were positive for campylobacter of which 94.1% (32/34 samples) were c. jejuni. additionally, one c. co ... | 2015 | 25843040 |
| autism spectrum disorders and intestinal microbiota. | through extensive microbial-mammalian co-metabolism, the intestinal microbiota have evolved to exert a marked influence on health and disease via gut-brain-microbiota interactions. in this addendum, we summarize the findings of our recent study on the fecal microbiota and metabolomes of children with pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (pdd-nos) or autism (ad) compared with healthy children (hc). children with pdd-nos or ad have altered fecal microbiota and metabolomes (incl ... | 2015 | 25835343 |
| milk bioactives may manipulate microbes to mediate parent-offspring conflict. | among mammals, milk constituents directly influence the ecology of the infant's commensal microbiota. the immunological and nutritional impacts of breast milk and microbiota are increasingly well understood; less clear are the consequences for infant behavior. here, we propose that interactions among bioactives in mother's milk and microbes in the infant gut contribute to infant behavioral phenotype and, in part, have the potential to mediate parent-offspring conflict. we hypothesize that infant ... | 2015 | 25835022 |
| molecular structure of an n-formyltransferase from providencia alcalifaciens o30. | the existence of n-formylated sugars in the o-antigens of gram-negative bacteria has been known since the middle 1980s, but only recently have the biosynthetic pathways for their production been reported. in these pathways, glucose-1-phosphate is first activated by attachment to a dtmp moiety. this step is followed by a dehydration reaction and an amination. the last step in these pathways is catalyzed by n-formyltransferases that utilize n(10) -formyltetrahydrofolate as the carbon source. here ... | 2015 | 25752909 |
| dnak protein alleviates toxicity induced by citrate-coated gold nanoparticles in escherichia coli. | a number of previously reported studies suggest that synthetic gold nanoparticles (aunps) are capable of stabilising proteins against heat stress in vitro. however, it remains to be understood if aunps confer stability to proteins against cellular stress in vivo. heat shock proteins (hsps) are conserved molecules whose main role is to facilitate folding of other proteins (chaperone function). hsp70 (called dnak in prokaryotes) is one of the most prominent molecular chaperones. since gold nanopar ... | 2015 | 25837593 |
| a child with acute encephalopathy associated with quadruple viral infection. | pediatric acute encephalopathy (ae) was sometimes attributed to virus infection. however, viral infection does not always result in ae. the risk factors for developing infantile ae upon virus infection remain to be determined. here, we report an infant with ae co-infected with human herpesvirus-6 (hhv-6) and three picornaviruses, including coxsackievirus a6 (cva6), enterovirus d68 (ev-d68), and human parechovirus (hpev). ev-d68 was vertically transmitted to the infant from his mother. cva6 and h ... | 2015 | 25883930 |
| microbial aetiology of acute diarrhoea in children under five years of age in khartoum, sudan. | diarrhoea is one of leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. recent estimations suggested the number of deaths is close to 2.5 million. this study examined the causative agents of diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age in suburban areas of khartoum, sudan. a total of 437 stool samples obtained from children with diarrhoea were examined by culture and pcr for bacteria, by microscopy and pcr for parasites and by immunoassay for detection of rotavirus a. of the 437 samples analysed, ... | 2015 | 25713206 |
| insights into campylobacter jejuni colonization of the mammalian intestinal tract using a novel mouse model of infection. | a lack of relevant disease models for campylobacter jejuni has long been an obstacle to research into this common enteric pathogen. we recently published that mice deficient in single igg interleukin-1 related receptor (sigirr), a repressor of myd88-dependent innate immune signaling, were highly susceptible to enteric infection by murine bacterial pathogens. subsequently, we successfully employed these mice as an animal model for the human pathogen c. jejuni and gained substantial new insights i ... | 2015 | 25831043 |
| determination of cut-off cycle threshold values in routine rt-pcr assays to assist differential diagnosis of norovirus in children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis. | norovirus (nv) is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in children, but is also frequently detected in asymptomatic children, which complicates the interpretation of nv detection results in both the clinical setting and population prevalence studies. a total of 807 faecal samples from children aged <5 years hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis were collected in thai binh, vietnam, from january 2011 to september 2012. real-time rt-pcr was used to detect and quantify nv-rna in clinical sa ... | 2015 | 26418350 |
| increased efficiency of campylobacter jejuni n-oligosaccharyltransferase pglb by structure-guided engineering. | conjugate vaccines belong to the most efficient preventive measures against life-threatening bacterial infections. functional expression of n-oligosaccharyltransferase (n-ost) pglb of campylobacter jejuni in escherichia coli enables a simplified production of glycoconjugate vaccines in prokaryotic cells. polysaccharide antigens of pathogenic bacteria can be covalently coupled to immunogenic acceptor proteins bearing engineered glycosylation sites. transfer efficiency of pglbcj is low for certain ... | 2015 | 25833378 |
| characterization of an α-l-fucosidase from the periodontal pathogen tannerella forsythia. | the periodontal pathogen tannerella forsythia expresses several glycosidases which are linked to specific growth requirements and are involved in the invasion of host tissues. α-l-fucosyl residues are exposed on various host glycoconjugates and, thus, the α-l-fucosidases predicted in the t. forsythia atcc 43037 genome could potentially serve roles in host-pathogen interactions. we describe the molecular cloning and characterization of the putative fucosidase tffuc1 (encoded by the bfo_2737 = tff ... | 2015 | 25831954 |
| multiplex real-time pcr method for simultaneous identification and toxigenic type characterization of clostridium difficile from stool samples. | the aim of this study was to develop and validate a multiplex real-time pcr assay for simultaneous identification and toxigenic type characterization of clostridium difficile. | 2015 | 25932438 |
| antibiotic resistance modulation and modes of action of (-)-α-pinene in campylobacter jejuni. | the aim of the study was to investigate the mode of action of (-)-α-pinene in terms of its modulation of antibiotic resistance in campylobacter jejuni. broth microdilution and ethidium bromide accumulation assays were used to evaluate the (-)-α-pinene antimicrobial activity, modulation of antimicrobial resistance, and inhibition of antimicrobial efflux. the target antimicrobial efflux systems were identified using an insertion mutagenesis approach, and c. jejuni adaptation to (-)-α-pinene was ev ... | 2015 | 25830640 |
| the gut-brain axis: interactions between enteric microbiota, central and enteric nervous systems. | the gut-brain axis (gba) consists of bidirectional communication between the central and the enteric nervous system, linking emotional and cognitive centers of the brain with peripheral intestinal functions. recent advances in research have described the importance of gut microbiota in influencing these interactions. this interaction between microbiota and gba appears to be bidirectional, namely through signaling from gut-microbiota to brain and from brain to gut-microbiota by means of neural, e ... | 2015 | 25830558 |
| consensus paper: neuroimmune mechanisms of cerebellar ataxias. | in the last few years, a lot of publications suggested that disabling cerebellar ataxias may develop through immune-mediated mechanisms. in this consensus paper, we discuss the clinical features of the main described immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias and address their presumed pathogenesis. immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias include cerebellar ataxia associated with anti-gad antibodies, the cerebellar type of hashimoto's encephalopathy, primary autoimmune cerebellar ataxia, gluten ataxia, mille ... | 2015 | 25823827 |
| consensus paper: neuroimmune mechanisms of cerebellar ataxias. | in the last few years, a lot of publications suggested that disabling cerebellar ataxias may develop through immune-mediated mechanisms. in this consensus paper, we discuss the clinical features of the main described immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias and address their presumed pathogenesis. immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias include cerebellar ataxia associated with anti-gad antibodies, the cerebellar type of hashimoto's encephalopathy, primary autoimmune cerebellar ataxia, gluten ataxia, mille ... | 2015 | 25823827 |