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cooperation of adhesin alleles in salmonella-host tropism.allelic combinations and host specificities for three fimbrial adhesins, fimh, bcfd, and stfh, were compared for 262 strains of salmonella enterica serovar newport, a frequent human and livestock pathogen. like fimh, bcfd had two major alleles (designated a and b), whereas stfh had two allelic groups, each with two alleles (subgroup a1 and a2 and subgroup b1 and b2). the most prevalent combinations of fimh/bcfd/stfh alleles in s. newport were a/a/a1 and b/b/b1. the former set was most frequently ...201728289725
immunogenicity of a bivalent adjuvanted glycoconjugate vaccine against salmonella typhimurium and salmonella enteritidis.salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium and enteritidis are the predominant causes of invasive non-typhoidal salmonella (ints) disease. considering the co-endemicity of s. typhimurium and s. enteritidis, a bivalent vaccine formulation against both pathogens is necessary for protection against ints disease, thus investigation of glycoconjugate combination is required. in the present work, we investigated the immune responses induced by s. typhimurium and s. enteritidis monovalent and bivalent gl ...201728289411
mlva for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin: development of a method suitable for inter-laboratory surveillance and application in the context of a raw milk cheese outbreak in france in 2012.salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar dublin (s. dublin) figures among the most frequently isolated salmonella strains in humans in france. this serovar may affect production and animal health mainly in cattle herds with corresponding high economic losses. given that the current gold standard method, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), provides insufficient discrimination for epidemiological investigations, we propose a standard operating procedure in this study for multiple-locus ...201728289408
whole-genome shotgun sequencing of cephalosporin-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhi.typhoid is one of the leading causes of mortality in developing countries. here, we report the draft genome sequences of four salmonella enterica serovar typhi strains isolated from bloodstream infections in a tertiary care hospital. the sequence data indicate genomes of ~4.5 mb for all isolates, with one plasmid in each.201728280021
draft genome sequences of 18 salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar oranienburg strains isolated from rivers in northwestern mexico.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar oranienburg is recognized as a foodborne pathogen widely distributed in the environment. here, we report 18 draft genomes of s oranienburg strains isolated from rivers in the northwestern region of mexico.201728280020
crispr-cas system presents multiple transcriptional units including antisense rnas that are expressed in minimal medium and upregulated by ph in salmonella enterica serovar typhi.the crispr-cas system is involved in bacterial immunity, virulence, gene regulation, biofilm formation and sporulation. in salmonella enterica serovar typhi, this system consists of five transcriptional units including antisense rnas. it was determined that these genetic elements are expressed in minimal medium and are up-regulated by ph. in addition, a transcriptional characterization of cas3 and ascse2-1 is included herein.201728270274
a diabetic patient with suppurative thyroiditis due to salmonella enterica complicated by acute kidney injury. 201728267139
salmonella senftenberg adaptation to linalool and its association with antibiotic resistance and environmental persistence.a clinical isolate of salmonella enterica serovar senftenberg, isolated from an outbreak linked to the herb ocimum basilicum l. (basil), has been shown resistance to basil oil and to the terpene alcohol linalool. to better understand how human pathogens might develop resistance to linalool and to investigate the association of this resistance with resistance to different antimicrobial agents, selective pressure was applied to the wild-type strain by sequential exposure to increasing concentratio ...201728258149
dynamic measures of flagellar gene expression.many genes are required to assemble flagella. these genes encode not only the structural elements of the flagellum but also a number of regulators that control how the flagellar genes are temporally expressed during the assembly process. these regulators also specify the likelihood that a given cell will express the flagellar genes. in particular, not all cells express the flagellar genes, resulting in mixed populations of motile and non-motile cells. nutrients provide one signal that specifies ...201728389945
coupling of flagellar gene expression with assembly in salmonella enterica.there are more than 70 genes in the flagellar and chemosensory regulon of salmonella enterica. these genes are organized into a transcriptional hierarchy of three promoter classes. at the top of the transcriptional hierarchy is the flhdc operon, also called the flagellar master operon, which is transcribed from the flagellar class 1 promoter region. the protein products of the flhdc operon form a hetero-multimeric complex, flhd4c2, which directs σ(70) rna polymerase to transcribe from class 2 fl ...201728389944
thermal resistance and gene expression of both desiccation-adapted and rehydrated salmonella enterica typhimurium in aged broiler litter.the objective of this study was to investigate the thermal resistance and gene expression of both desiccation-adapted and rehydrated salmonellaenterica typhimurium in aged broiler litter. s. typhimurium was desiccation-adapted in aged broiler litter with 20% moisture content (aw: 0.81) for 1, 2, 3, 12, or 24 h at room temperature and then rehydrated for 3 h. as analyzed by qrt-pcr, rpos, prov, dnak, and grpe genes were up-regulated (p<0.05) under desiccation stress and could be induced after 1 h ...201728389541
whole-genome sequencing of drug-resistant salmonella enterica isolated from dairy cattle and humans in new york and washington states reveals source and geographic associations.multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica can be spread from cattle to humans through direct contact with animals shedding salmonella, as well as through the food chain, making mdr salmonella a serious threat to human health. the objective of this study was to use whole-genome sequencing to compare antimicrobial-resistant (amr) s. typhimurium, newport, and dublin isolated from dairy cattle and humans in washington state and new york state at a genotypic and phenotypic level. a total of 90 is ...201728389536
rpos affects gene expression in salmonella enterica serovar typhi under early hyperosmotic stress.during the infectious procedure of salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi), salmonella would suffer from some severe environmental stresses, such as gastric acid stress, enteric hyperosmotic stress, bile acids stress, and oxidative stress. s. typhi must regulate the expression of numerous genes through the complex regulatory network to adapt strict stresses. rpos, which encodes sigma factor σ(s), was reported to be a very important regulator in the maximal survival of enteric pathogens incl ...201728382383
whole-genome comparative analysis of salmonella enterica serovar newport strains reveals lineage-specific divergence.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar newport has been associated with various foodborne outbreaks in humans and animals. phylogenetically, serovar newport is one of several salmonella serovars that are polyphyletic. to understand more about the polyphyletic nature of this serovar, six food, environment, and human isolates from different newport lineages were selected for genome comparison analyses. whole genome comparisons demonstrated that heterogeneity mostly occurred in the prophage re ...201728379364
severe infection with multidrug-resistant salmonella choleraesuis in a young patient with primary sclerosing cholangitis.massive global spread of multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella spp. expressing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) and additional resistance to fluoroquinolones has often been attributed to high international mobility as well as excessive use of oral antibiotics in livestock farming. however, mdr salmonella spp. have not been mentioned as a widespread pathogen in clinical settings so far. we demonstrate the case of a 25-year-old male with primary sclerosing cholangitis who tested positive for ...201728373776
protein particulate retention and microorganism recovery for rapid detection of salmonella.the rapid detection of salmonella in ground meat requires that living microorganisms be brought to levels detectable by pcr, immunoassays, or similar techniques within 8 h. previously, we employed microfiltration using hollow fiber membranes to rapidly process and concentrate viable bacteria in food extracts through a combination of enzyme treatment and prefiltration in order to prevent blockage or fouling of the hollow fiber membranes. however, scanning electron microscopy and particle size ana ...201728371418
a salmonella regulator modulates intestinal colonization and use of phosphonoacetic acid.many microorganisms produce phosphonates, molecules characterized by stable carbon-phosphorus bonds that store phosphorus or act as antimicrobials. the role of phosphonates in the marine biosphere is well characterized but the role of these molecules in the intestine is poorly understood. salmonella enterica uses its virulence factors to influence the host immune response to compete with the host and normal microflora for nutrients. salmonella cannot produce phosphonates but encodes the enzymes ...201728361036
an efficient multiplex pcr-based assay as a novel tool for accurate inter-serovar discrimination of salmonella enteritidis, s. pullorum/gallinarum and s. dublin.salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis, pullorum/gallinarum, and dublin are infectious pathogens causing serious problems for pig, chicken, and cattle production, respectively. traditional serotyping for salmonella is costly and labor-intensive. here, we established a rapid multiplex pcr method to simultaneously identify three prevalent salmonella serovars enteritidis, pullorum/gallinarum, and dublin individually for the first time. the multiplex pcr-based assay focuses on three genes tcps, ly ...201728360901
transfer of campylobacter and salmonella from poultry meat onto poultry preparation surfaces.thermophilic campylobacter and salmonella enterica are major causes of gastrointestinal foodborne infection. survival of these pathogens on food-associated surfaces is a risk contributing to their spread through the food system. this study examined the transfer of two strains each of c. jejuni , c. coli , salmonella enteritidis, and salmonella typhimurium from chicken meat to a knife or scissors used on either a plastic or wooden cutting board. each strain of campylobacter and salmonella at ∼10( ...201728358259
candida krusei isolated from fruit juices ultrafiltration membranes promotes colonization of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica on stainless steel surfaces.to clarify the interactions between a common food spoilage yeast and two pathogenic bacteria involved in outbreaks associated with fruit juices, the present paper studies the effect of the interplay of candida krusei, collected from uf membranes, with escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica in the overall process of adhesion and colonization of abiotic surfaces. two different cases were tested: a) co-adhesion by pathogenic bacteria and yeasts, and b) incorporation of bacteria to pre-adh ...201728120191
(99m) tc-tazobactam, a novel infection imaging agent: radiosynthesis, quality control, biodistribution, and infection imaging studies.the radiolabeled drug (99m) tc-tazobactam ((99m) tc-tzb) was developed and assessed as an infection imaging agent in pseudomonas aeruginosa and salmonella enterica infection-induced animal models by comparing with inflammation induced animal models. radiosynthesis of (99m) tc-tzb was assessed while changing ligand concentration, reducing agent concentration, ph, and reaction time while keeping radioactivity constant (~370 mbq). percent labeling of the resulting complex was measured using paper c ...201728181269
novel aldo-keto reductases for the biocatalytic conversion of 3-hydroxybutanal to 1,3-butanediol: structural and biochemical studies.the nonnatural alcohol 1,3-butanediol (1,3-bdo) is a valuable building block for the synthesis of various polymers. one of the potential pathways for the biosynthesis of 1,3-bdo includes the biotransformation of acetaldehyde to 1,3-bdo via 3-hydroxybutanal (3-hb) using aldolases and aldo-keto reductases (akrs). this pathway requires an akr selective for 3-hb, but inactive toward acetaldehyde, so it can be used for one-pot synthesis. in this work, we screened more than 20 purified uncharacterized ...201728130301
different behavior of enteric bacteria and viruses in clay and sandy soils after biofertilization with swine digestate.enteric pathogens from biofertilizer can accumulate in the soil, subsequently contaminating water and crops. we evaluated the survival, percolation and leaching of model enteric pathogens in clay and sandy soils after biofertilization with swine digestate: phix-174, mengovirus (vmc0), salmonella enterica typhimurium and escherichia coli o157:h7 were used as biomarkers. the survival of vmc0 and phix-174 in clay soil was significantly lower than in sandy soil (it90 values of 10.520 ± 0.600 vs. 21. ...201728197137
mechanisms for pseudoalteromonas piscicida-induced killing of vibrios and other bacterial pathogens.pseudoalteromonas piscicida are gram-negative gammaproteobacteria found in the marine environment. three strains of pigmented p. piscicida were isolated from seawater and partially characterized by inhibition studies, electron microscopy, and proteolytic enzyme production. growth inhibition and death occurred around colonies of p. piscicida on lawns of the naturally-occurring marine pathogens vibrio vulnificus, v. parahaemolyticus, v. cholerae, photobacterium damselae and shewanella algae inhibi ...201728363962
assessing the effect of oral exposure to paenibacillus alvei, a potential biocontrol agent, in male, non-pregnant, pregnant animals and the developing rat fetus.paenibacillus alvei, a naturally occurring soil microorganism, may be used in the control and/or elimination of human/animal pathogens present on/within produce commodities associated with human consumption. the safety of oral exposure to p. alvei in male, nulliparous females, the pregnant dam and developing fetus was assessed. adult male and female rats received a single oral dose (gavage) of p. alvei and tissues were collected at post exposure days 0, 3 and 14. to evaluate the effect of the te ...201728288930
prediction of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella , and listeria monocytogenes growth in leafy greens without temperature control.a recent study by the centers for disease control and prevention reported that between 1998 and 2008, leafy greens outbreaks accounted for 22.3% of foodborne outbreaks in the united states. several studies on the growth of bacteria at different temperatures have been conducted; however, there is a need for the prediction of bacterial growth when leafy greens are transported without temperature control. food products, when taken out of refrigeration, undergo a temperature change, with the rate of ...201728221878
pathogen biofilm formation on cantaloupe surface and its impact on the antibacterial effect of lauroyl arginate ethyl.pathogen biofilm at fruit surface may pose a particular risk to food safety. in this study, the biofilms of listeria monocytogenes v7 and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium atcc 13311 on cantaloupe fruit surface were visualized, and the resistance of biofilms against lauroyl arginate ethyl (lae, an antibacterial compound) was evaluated. each bacterium was inoculated on isolated cantaloupe rind surfaces at 10(5)-10(6) cfu/cm(2) and after incubation for 2, 12, 24, and 48 h, the surfaces were ...201728213018
comparative analysis of the bacterial membrane disruption effect of two natural plant antimicrobial peptides.in the medicago truncatula genome about 700 genes code for nodule-specific cysteine-rich (ncr) small peptides that are expressed in the symbiotic organ, the root nodule, where they control terminal differentiation of the endosymbiotic rhizobium bacteria to nitrogen-fixing bacteroids. cationic ncr peptides were predicted to have antimicrobial activities. here antibacterial activities of ncr247, ncr335, polymyxin b (pmb), and streptomycin were investigated and compared on two foodborne pathogens s ...201728167938
promyelocytic leukemia protein (pml) controls listeria monocytogenes infection.the promyelocytic leukemia protein (pml) is the main organizer of stress-responsive subnuclear structures called pml nuclear bodies. these structures recruit multiple interactors and modulate their abundance or their posttranslational modifications, notably by the sumo ubiquitin-like modifiers. the involvement of pml in antiviral responses is well established. in contrast, the role of pml in bacterial infection remains poorly characterized. here, we show that pml restricts infection by the patho ...201728074026
application of a 222-nm krypton-chlorine excilamp to control foodborne pathogens on sliced cheese surfaces and characterization of the bactericidal mechanisms.this study was conducted to investigate the basic spectral properties of a 222-nm krypton-chlorine (krcl) excilamp and its inactivation efficacy against major foodborne pathogens on solid media, as well as on sliced cheese compared to a conventional 254-nm low-pressure mercury (lp hg) lamp. selective media and sliced cheese inoculated with escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes were irradiated with a krcl excilamp and a lp hg lamp at the sam ...201728039742
thermal inactivation and sublethal injury kinetics of salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes in broth versus agar surface.the objective of the present study was to compare the thermal inactivation and sublethal injury kinetics of salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes in broth (suspended cells) and on solid surface (agar-seeded cells). a 3-strain cocktail of s. enterica or l. monocytogenes inoculated in broth or on agar was subjected to heating in a water bath at various set temperatures (55.0, 57.5 and 60.0°c for s. enterica and 60.0, 62.5 and 65°c for l. monocytogenes). the occurrence of sublethally injur ...201728011300
effect of inoculum size, bacterial species, type of surfaces and contact time to the transfer of foodborne pathogens from inoculated to non-inoculated beef fillets via food processing surfaces.the objective of the present study was to determine the factors affecting the transfer of foodborne pathogens from inoculated beef fillets to non-inoculated ones, through food processing surfaces. three different levels of inoculation of beef fillets surface were prepared: a high one of approximately 10(7) cfu/cm(2), a medium one of 10(5) cfu/cm(2) and a low one of 10(3) cfu/cm(2), using mixed-strains of listeria monocytogenes, or salmonella enterica typhimurium, or escherichia coli o157:h7. the ...201727889165
study of the antibacterial activity of electro-activated solutions of salts of weak organic acids on salmonella enterica, staphylococcus aureus and listeria monocytogenes.this work assessed the antibacterial activity of electro-activated solutions of salts of weak organic acids (potassium acetate, potassium citrate and calcium lactate) on salmonella enterica, staphylococcus aureus and listeria monocytogenes. this activity was compared in terms of minimal inhibitory (bactericidal) concentration to the effect of commercial acetic, citric and lactic acid at equivalent titratable acidity. staining live/dead baclight method was used to consider physiological state of ...201727838894
anti-salmonella activity and probiotic trends of kluyveromyces marxianus s-2-05 and kluyveromyces lactis s-3-05 isolated from a french cheese, tomme d'orchies.kluyveromyces marxianus s-2-05 and kluyveromyces lactis s-3-05 were recently isolated from a traditional french cheese, tomme d'orchies, and characterized here for their advantages using a different application perspective. first, we established their anti-salmonella activity and downregulation of the virulence sopd gene of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium, mainly in the presence of k. marxianus s-2-05. in addition to their antagonism, these non-saccharomyces yeasts were a ...201728366839
preparation and characterization of agar-based nanocomposite films reinforced with bimetallic (ag-cu) alloy nanoparticles.agar-based active nanocomposite films were prepared by incorporating silver-copper (ag-cu) alloy nanoparticles (nps) (0.5-4wt%) into glycerol plasticized agar solution. thermo-mechanical, morphological, structural, and optical properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized by texture analyzer, differential scanning calorimetry (dsc), scanning electron microscope (sem), x-ray diffraction (xrd), fourier transforms infrared (ftir) spectroscopy, and surface color measurement. tensile stren ...201727702525
impact of starch-based emulsions on the antibacterial efficacies of nisin and thymol in cantaloupe juice.the use of antimicrobial compounds to prevent foodborne pathogens from contaminating fresh-cut produce has received broad attentions; however, the applications of these compounds are hindered by their rapid depletion in foods. to prolong their efficacies, the use of delivery systems is essential. in this study, oil-in-water emulsions formed using starch octenyl succinate (starch-os) were used to stabilize nisin and thymol in cantaloupe juice-containing fluid. listeria monocytogenes v7 and salmon ...201727664621
combination of cymbopogon citratus and allium cepa essential oils increased antibacterial activity in leafy vegetables.cymbopogon citratus and allium cepa essential oils (eos) are rich in terpenes and sulfur compounds respectively, both with antibacterial activity and different cell targets, supporting the idea that their combination can increase their efficacy.201727611358
emerging enteric fever due to switching biotype of salmonella (paratyphi a) in eastern odisha.typhoid fever is classically caused by salmonella enterica serotype typhi.recently the frequency of isolation of s. paratyphi a (spa) has been increased in comparison to s. typhi in indian scenario.201727510670
salmonella enterica serovar kentucky flagella are required for broiler skin adhesion and caco-2 cell invasion.nontyphoidal salmonella strains are the main source of pathogenic bacterial contamination in the poultry industry. recently, salmonella enterica serovar kentucky has been recognized as the most prominent serovar on carcasses in poultry-processing plants. previous studies showed that flagella are one of the main factors that contribute to bacterial attachment to broiler skin. however, the precise role of flagella and the mechanism of attachment are unknown. there are two different flagellar subun ...201727793824
salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum: addressing fundamental questions in bacteriology sixty years on from the 9r vaccine.sixty years on from smith's seminal work on fowl typhoid vaccines, there is renewed interest in experimental avian salmonellosis and in particular the use of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum as a tool to understand key features of bacterial evolution and host adaptation. in this short review we outline some of the recent advances in avian salmonellosis research that have coupled both the power of whole genome analysis and new tools to understand the host response to existing experimental i ...201727791403
identification of mhc-bound peptides from dendritic cells infected with salmonella enterica strain sl1344: implications for a nontyphoidal salmonella vaccine.worldwide salmonella enterica infections result in substantial morbidity and mortality and are the major cause of infant bacteremia in sub-saharan africa. diseases caused by salmonella are treatable with antibiotics, but successful antibiotic treatment has become difficult due to antimicrobial resistance and collateral effects on the microbiome. an effective vaccine together with public health efforts may be a better strategy to control these infections. protective immunity against salmonella de ...201727802388
fe(3+)-dependent epistasis between the cpxr-activated loci and the pmra-activated lps modification loci in salmonella enterica.bacteria utilize varying combinations of two-component regulatory systems, many of which respond and adapt closely to stress conditions, thus expanding their niche steadily. while mechanisms of recognition and avoidance of the specific fe(3+) signal by the pmra/pmrb system is well understood, those of the cpxr/cpxa system are more complex because they can be induced by various stress conditions, which, in turn, expresses a variety of phenotypes. here, we highlight another aspect of the cpxr/cpxa ...201727829584
is the evolution of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica linked to restriction-modification systems?salmonella enterica subsp. enterica bacteria are highly diverse foodborne pathogens that are subdivided into more than 1,500 serovars. the diversity is believed to result from mutational evolution, as well as intra- and interspecies recombination that potentially could be influenced by restriction-modification (rm) systems. the aim of this study was to investigate whether rm systems were linked to the evolution of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. the study included 221 salmonella enterica ge ...201727822532
spatial distribution and risk factors associated with salmonella enterica in pigs.the importance of pork in the transmission of salmonella spp. to humans has led to the development of control programmes worldwide. for this, knowledge on the epidemiology of the infection in the production system is fundamental to the efficacy of the regulations. our objective was to determine the prevalence and spatial distribution of salmonella-infected farms in the central region of argentina, and to identify the predominant serotypes and epidemiological factors associated with an increased ...201727834167
biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance in salmonella isolates from hen eggshells.the aim of the present study was to determine biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance in salmonella isolates from hen eggshells. a total of 39 isolates from hen eggshells, identified as either salmonella spp. or salmonella enterica according to 16s rdna sequencing, were selected for biocide tolerance. isolates with minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) above the wild-type mics were considered to be biocide tolerant: benzalkonium chloride (bc, 7.7%), cetrimide (ct, 7.7%), hexadecylpyridini ...201727841937
current aspects of salmonella contamination in the us poultry production chain and the potential application of risk strategies in understanding emerging hazards.one of the leading causes of foodborne illness in poultry products is salmonella enterica. salmonella hazards in poultry may be estimated and possible control methods modeled and evaluated through the use of quantitative microbiological risk assessment (qmra) models and tools. from farm to table, there are many possible routes of salmonella dissemination and contamination in poultry. from the time chicks are hatched through growth, transportation, processing, storage, preparation, and finally co ...201727869522
salad leaf juices enhance salmonella growth, colonization of fresh produce, and virulence.we show in this report that traces of juices released from salad leaves as they become damaged can significantly enhance colonization of salad leaves by salmonella enterica salad juices in water increased salmonella growth by 110% over the level seen with the unsupplemented control and in host-like serum-based media by more than 2,400-fold over control levels. in serum-based media, salad juices induced growth of salmonella via provision of fe from transferrin, and siderophore production was foun ...201727864173
nasal immunization with inhibin dna vaccine delivered by attenuated salmonella choleraesuis for improving ovarian responses and fertility in cross-bred buffaloes.this study was conducted to determine the effect of immunization with inhibin dna vaccine delivered by attenuated salmonella choleraesuis on ovarian responses and fertility in cross-bred buffaloes. a total of 134 cross-bred buffaloes were divided into four groups: groups t1 (n = 34), t2 (n = 35) and t3 (n = 31) were nasal immunized twice a day with 10 ml of 1 × 10(10)  cfu/ml of the c501 (pvax-asd-is) vaccine for 5, 3 and 1 day, respectively. group c (n = 34) was nasal immunized with 10 ml pbs f ...201727862394
salmonella in swine: microbiota interactions.for the important foodborne pathogen salmonella enterica to cause disease or persist in pigs, it has evolved an intricate set of interactions between itself, the host, and the indigenous microflora of the host. s. enterica must evade the host's immune system and must also overcome colonization resistance mediated by the pig's indigenous microflora. the inflammatory response against s. enterica provides the bacteria with unique metabolites and is thus exploited by s. enterica for competitive adva ...201727860494
salmonella enterica serovar pomona infection in farmed juvenile american alligators ( alligator mississippiensis).a fatal epizootic of salmonellosis occurred in farmed juvenile american alligators in louisiana. six animals were examined. gross lesions included severe fibrinonecrotizing enterocolitis, necrotizing splenitis, coelomic effusion, and perivisceral and pulmonary edema. microscopic examination revealed severe necrotizing enterocolitis and splenitis with intralesional bacteria and pneumocyte necrosis with fibrin thrombi. salmonella enterica serovar pomona was isolated from intestine and lung. clinic ...201727879442
rapid detection of salmonella in raw chicken breast using real-time pcr combined with immunomagnetic separation and whole genome amplification.we presented the first attempt to combine immunomagnetic separation (ims), whole genome amplification by multiple displacement amplification (mda) and real-time pcr for detecting a bacterial pathogen in a food sample. this method was effective in enabling real-time pcr detection of low levels of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (se) (∼10 cfu/g) in raw chicken breast without culture enrichment. in addition, it was able to detect refrigeration-stressed se cells at lower concentrations (∼0. ...201727884771
variability in the adaptive acid tolerance response phenotype of salmonella enterica strains.the objective of this study was the assessment of the stationary-phase, low-ph-inducible acid tolerance response (atr) of different salmonella enterica strains. for this purpose, 30 strains of the pathogen were grown in tryptone soy broth in the absence (non-adapted cultures) and presence (1% w/v; acid-adapted cultures) of glucose, and then subjected to 4-h acid challenge trials at ph 3.0. surviving populations of each strain were determined at 1-h intervals, and the weibull model was fitted to ...201727889173
inactivation of salmonella enterica in chicken feces on the surface of eggshells by simultaneous treatments with gaseous chlorine dioxide and mild wet heat.the aim of this study was to investigate the lethal effects of simultaneous treatments with gaseous chlorine dioxide (clo2) and mild wet heat (55 °c at 100% relative humidity [rh]) on salmonella enterica in chicken feces on the surface of eggshells. gaseous clo2 production decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) as the rh (23, 43, 68, 85, and 100%) at 25 °c was increased. the lethality of gaseous clo2 against s. enterica in feces on eggshells increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) as rh increased. for ex ...201727889149
a case of clinical and microbiological failure of azithromycin therapy in salmonella enterica serotype typhi despite low azithromycin mic.typhoid fever remains a serious problem in many developing countries. due to resistance to multiple first line drugs, azithromycin has evolved as an important drug in the treatment of typhoid. while therapy with azithromycin is highly effective, no clinically validated mean inhibitory concentration (mic) break points or disc diffusion cutoff guidelines are available so far. we describe an indian adult with clinical and microbiological failure to azithromycin despite low azithromycin mic.201727894983
the type iii secretion system effector sptp of salmonella enterica serovar typhi.strains of the various salmonella enterica serovars cause gastroenteritis or typhoid fever in humans, with virulence depending on the action of two type iii secretion systems (salmonella pathogenicity island 1 [spi-1] and spi-2). sptp is a salmonella spi-1 effector, involved in mediating recovery of the host cytoskeleton postinfection. sptp requires a chaperone, sicp, for stability and secretion. sptp has 94% identity between s. enterica serovar typhimurium and s typhi; direct comparison of the ...201727920299
antimicrobial resistance and molecular subtypes of salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates from kolkata, india over a 15 years period 1998-2012.typhoid fever, caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi), remains an unresolved public health problem in india. emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains poses a great concern for typhoid treatment and influences reshaping of current s. typhi population. we included representative s. typhi strains (n=164) from retrospective studies, both community and hospital based, conducted at national institute of cholera and enteric diseases, kolkata during 15 years period (1998-2012) to ana ...201727916384
association between pigs with high caecal salmonella loads and carcass contamination.contaminated pork is a significant source of foodborne salmonella infections. pork is contaminated at the slaughterhouse; however, the mechanisms driving salmonella contamination of carcasses are still poorly understood. the aim of this study was to investigate whether the amount of salmonella carried by slaughtered pigs in their guts has an influence on carcass contamination. on that account, we tested whether the number of carcasses contaminated during a slaughter day was associated with the p ...201727914322
cutting edge: lymphotoxin signaling is essential for clearance of salmonella from the gut lumen and generation of anti-salmonella protective immunity.the immunological components that control resolution of salmonella infection and successful vaccination are poorly defined. in a model of chronic gastrointestinal infection, we observed that the lymphotoxin (lt) pathway is essential for the clearance and resolution of primary infection of attenuated salmonella enterica typhimurium strain sl3261 δaroa using gnotobiotic mice, we show that ltβ receptor (ltβr) signaling and the microbiota are required to promote clearance of attenuated s. enterica t ...201727913631
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella isolated from two pork processing plants in alberta, canada.this study investigated the frequency of salmonella serovars on pig carcasses at various processing steps in two commercial pork processing plants in alberta, canada and characterized phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance (amr) and pfge patterns of the salmonella isolates. over a one year period, 1000 swab samples were collected from randomly selected pigs at two slaughter plants. sampling points were: carcass swabs after bleeding (csab), carcass swabs after de-hairing (csad, plant a ...201727750110
salmonella enterica synthesizes 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl-(dmb)-α-riboside. why some firmicutes do not require the canonical dmb activation system to synthesize adenosylcobalamin.5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl-(dmb)-α-ribotide [α-ribazole-5'-phosphate (α-rp)] is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of adenosylcobalamin (adocbl) in many prokaryotes. in such microbes, α-rp is synthesized by nicotinate mononucleotide (namn):dmb phosphoribosyltransferases (cobt in salmonella enterica), in a reaction that is considered to be the canonical step for the activation of the base of the nucleotide present in adenosylcobamides. some firmicutes lack cobt-type enzymes but have a two-protei ...201727748967
phenotyping and genetic characterization of salmonella enterica isolates from turkey revealing arise of different features specific to geography.192 food samples (commonly consumed 8 food types), 355 animal samples (animal feces of bovine, ovine, goat and chicken) and 50 samples from clinical human cases in sanliurfa city, turkey in a year were collected to determine the salmonella enterica subsp. enterica mosaic in turkey. 161 salmonella isolates represented 17 serotypes, 20 sequence types (sts) and 44 pfge patterns (pts). 3 serotypes, s. enteritidis, s. typhimurium and s. kentucky, were recovered from three different hosts. the highest ...201727768932
antimicrobial effect of the tunisian nana variety punica granatum l. extracts against salmonella enterica (serovars kentucky and enteritidis) isolated from chicken meat and phenolic composition of its peel extract.punica granatum l. is widely recognized for its potency against a broad spectrum of bacterial pathogens. the purpose of this study was to explore the inhibitory and the bactericidal activities of punica granatum against salmonella strains. the effect of extracts obtained from different parts (peels, seeds, juice and flowers) of pomegranate and using different solvents against salmonella enterica serovars kentucky and enteritidis isolated from chicken meat was thus investigated. salmonella strain ...201727776287
modelling the impact of water activity and fat content of dry-cured ham on the reduction of salmonella enterica by high pressure processing.this work aimed to quantify the impact of aw and fat content of dry-cured ham on the log reduction of salmonella enterica by high pressure (hp). dry-cured ham with adjusted aw (0.86-0.96) and fat content (10-50%) was inoculated with s. enterica and pressurised (347-852mpa, 5min/15°c), following a central composite design. polynomial regression indicated a significant impact of pressure and aw on s. enterica hp-lethality. by lowering aw a clear piezoprotection was observed. at low aw (0.88) the s ...201727710771
ultrasound improves chemical reduction of natural contaminant microbiota and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica on strawberries.new sanitization methods have been evaluated to improve food safety and food quality and to replace chlorine compounds. however, these new methods can lead to physicochemical and sensory changes in fruits and vegetables. the present study evaluated the effects of acetic acid, peracetic acid, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate isolated or combined with 5min of ultrasound treatment (40khz, 500w) on strawberry quality over 9days of storage at 8°c. the strawberry natural contaminant microbiota (mold ...201727743521
the unrecognized burden of typhoid fever.typhoid fever (tf), caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhi, is the most common cause of enteric fever, responsible for an estimated 129,000 deaths and more than 11 million cases annually. although several reviews have provided global and regional tf disease burden estimates, major gaps in our understanding of tf epidemiology remain. areas covered: we provide an overview of the gaps in current estimates of tf disease burden and offer suggestions for addressing them, so that affected communit ...201727797598
metabolic parameters linked by phenotype microarray to acid resistance profiles of poultry-associated salmonella enterica.phenotype microarrays were analyzed for 51 datasets derived from salmonella enterica. the top 4 serotypes associated with poultry products and one associated with turkey, respectively typhimurium, enteritidis, heidelberg, infantis and senftenberg, were represented. datasets were partitioned initially into two clusters based on ranking by values at ph 4.5 (pm10 a03). negative control wells were used to establish 90 respiratory units as the point differentiating acid resistance from sensitive stra ...201727418207
characterization of a small outbreak of salmonella enterica serovar infantis that harbour ctx-m-65 in ecuador. 201727215783
molecular analysis of fluoroquinolone resistance in salmonella enterica serovar typhi from a breast abscess case. 201727166067
haloarchaeal gas vesicle nanoparticles displaying salmonella antigens as a novel approach to vaccine development.a safe, effective, and inexpensive vaccine against typhoid and other salmonella diseases is urgently needed. in order to address this need, we are developing a novel vaccine platform employing buoyant, self-adjuvanting gas vesicle nanoparticles (gvnps) from the halophilic archaeon halobacterium sp. nrc-1, bioengineered to display highly conserved salmonella enterica antigens. as the initial antigen for testing, we selected sopb, a secreted inosine phosphate effector protein injected by pathogeni ...201726900411
non-typhoidal salmonella colonization in chickens and humans in the mekong delta of vietnam.salmonellosis is a public health concern in both the developed and developing countries. although the majority of human non-typhoidal salmonella enterica (nts) cases are the result of foodborne infections or person-to-person transmission, nts infections may also be acquired by environmental and occupational exposure to animals. while a considerable number of studies have investigated the presence of nts in farm animals and meat/carcasses, very few studies have investigated the risk of nts coloni ...201727152998
influence of salmonella enterica serovar pullorum pathogenicity island 2 on type iii secretion system effector gene expression in chicken macrophage hd11 cells.salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi2) can encode type iii secretion system 2 (t3ss2) which plays an important role in systemic disease development through delivering different effector proteins into host cells. here, the influence of salmonella pullorum pathogenicity island 2 on t3ss2 effector gene expression was studied using qrt-pcr in chicken macrophage hd11 cells. our results showed that all the detected genes (including pseudogenes sifb, ssph2 and stec) can express in hd11 cells of s. pu ...201727735192
salmonella vaccination in pigs: a review.the control of salmonella enterica in pig production is necessary for both public and animal health. the persistent and frequently asymptomatic nature of porcine salmonella infection and the organism's abilities to colonize other animal species and to survive in the environment mean that effective control generally requires multiple measures. vaccination is one such measure, and the present review considers its role and its future, drawing on studies in pigs from the 1950s to the present day. on ...201726853216
mcr-1.3: a new mcr variant carried by an incp plasmid in a colistin-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolated from a healthy individual.in this study, we reported a novel mcr-1 gene variant, named mcr-1.3, carried by an incp plasmid in a colistin-resistant salmonella typhimurium from a healthy person. compared with mcr-1, the mcr-1.3 gene contained two snps; one of them resulted in an arginine to histidine variation (arg536->his). the plasmid carrying mcr-1.3 gene was designated pmcr1.3_p053, and was highly similar to a recently discovered mcr-1-bearing plasmid found in klebsiella pneumoniae.201728264851
identification of invasive salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium st313 in ambulatory hiv-infected adults in mozambique.despite evidence describing the burden of invasive non-typhoidal salmonella (ints) disease in sub-saharan africa, ints is not recognized as a priority within global health policy institutions. recently, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, sequence type (st) 313, has been identified as the predominant cause of ints disease in multiple sub-saharan african countries.201726751031
macrophage origin limits functional plasticity in helminth-bacterial co-infection.rapid reprogramming of the macrophage activation phenotype is considered important in the defense against consecutive infection with diverse infectious agents. however, in the setting of persistent, chronic infection the functional importance of macrophage-intrinsic adaptation to changing environments vs. recruitment of new macrophages remains unclear. here we show that resident peritoneal macrophages expanded by infection with the nematode heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri altered their activati ...201728334040
orally administered live attenuated salmonella typhimurium protects mice against lethal infection with h1n1 influenza virus.pre-stimulation of toll-like receptors (tlrs) by agonists has been shown to increase protection against influenza virus infection. in this study, we evaluated the protective response generated against influenza a/puerto rico/8/1934 (pr8; h1n1) virus by oral and nasal administration of live attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, jol911 strain, in mice. oral and nasal inoculation of jol911 significantly increased the mrna copy number of tlr-2, tlr4 and tlr5, and downstream type i inte ...201728284594
rampant infections of bone marrow stem cell niches as triggers for spondyloarthropathies and rheumatoid arthritis.tropheryma whipplei can induce rheumatism mimicking spa or ra, but even more rampant bacterial/viral infections in epiphyseal bones could also contribute to the onset of ra and spa. indeed, as bone marrow stem cell niches are enriched in tregs and myeloid derived suppressor cells, these areas are favourable for the persistence of quiescent viruses and/or dormant bacteria. this review focuses on the possibility that such silent infections of bone marrow stem cell niches might contribute to the pa ...201726886813
comparative genome analysis of inchi2 vim-1 carbapenemase-encoding plasmids of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica isolated from a livestock farm in germany.carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae are not any more isolated only from human settings, but also from livestock. we reported for the first time the presence of vim-1 carbapenemases in a livestock farm in germany. the vim-1 resistance gene found in these farms was located on inchi2 plasmids. in order to be able to analyse these plasmids in more detail, two different plasmids from a single farm (prh-r27 from salmonella enterica and prh-r178 from escherichia coli) were completely sequenced and ...201726411323
a small-scale experiment of using phage-based probiotic dietary supplement for prevention of e. coli traveler's diarrhea.traveler's diarrhea (td) is caused by escherichia coli in 30% of cases. we have developed a phage cocktail for prophylaxis of td caused by e.coli, shigella flexneri, shigella sonnei, salmonella enterica, listeria monocytogenes or staphylococcus aureus, and investigated its effectiveness against infection caused by the non-pathogenic lac (-) strain of e.coli k12 c600 in animal and human trials. on the 6th day of both animal and human trials e. coli k12 c600 strain was detected in titer of 10(4) c ...201726458758
antimicrobial susceptibility and phylotyping profile of pathogenic escherichia coli and salmonella enterica isolates from calves and pigs in minas gerais, brazil.the aims of the present study were to determine (i) the profiles of phylogroup and (ii) the antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogenic escherichia coli strains isolated from calves, and of salmonella spp. strains isolated from calves and pigs in minas gerais state, brazil. sixty-one pathogenic e. coli strains and salmonella spp. (n = 24) strains isolated from fecal samples of calves and salmonella spp. (n = 39) strains previously isolated from fecal samples of growing/finishing pigs were tested. ...201727709395
isolation of escherichia coli and salmonella spp. from free-ranging wild animals.increasing interactions between humans, domestic animals and wildlife may result in inter-species transmission of infectious agents. to evaluate the presence of pathogenic e. coli and salmonella spp. and to test the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates, rectal swabs from 36 different free-ranging wild mammals were taken from two distinct natural sites in brazil: cantareira state park (csp, state of são paulo) and santa isabel do rio negro region (sirnr, state of amazonas). the swabs were ran ...201726691488
pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations of a 10 mg/kg enrofloxacin intramuscular administration in bearded dragons (pogona vitticeps): a preliminary assessment.enrofloxacin (e) is commonly used in veterinary medicine. it is necessary to perform pharmacokinetic/dynamic studies to minimize the selection of resistant mutants of bacteria and extend the efficacy of antimicrobial agents. eight healthy adult pogona vitticeps were assigned into two groups of equal size and treated with a single intramuscular injection of e at 10 mg/kg. blood samples were withdrawn at different scheduled times for each group, and rectal swabs were collected. e and ciprofloxacin ...201727121980
roles of two ryhb paralogs in the physiology of salmonella enterica.salmonella has evolved complicated regulatory systems to regulate the expression of virulence determinants that are acquired by horizontal gene transfer in response to various environmental niches. among these, small rna (srna)-mediated regulation exhibits unique features, distinct from those of protein factor-mediated regulation, which may provide benefits for a pathogen coping with the complex stress conditions encountered during host infection. specifically, iron acquisition by this pathogeni ...201727242152
alterations in ribosomal protein l19 that decrease the fidelity of translation.ribosomal protein l19 is an essential ribosomal protein and is a component of bridge b8, one of the protein-rna bridges linking the large and small ribosomal subunits. bridge b8 also contributes to the accuracy of translation by affecting gtpase activation by ribosome-bound aminoacyl trna-ef-tu•gtp ternary complexes. previous work has identified a limited number of accuracy-altering alterations in protein l19 of salmonella enterica and thermus thermophilus. here, we have targeted the escherichia ...201727477481
comparing nucleic acid lateral flow and electrochemical genosensing for the simultaneous detection of foodborne pathogens.due to the increasing need of rapid tests for application in low resource settings, who summarized their ideal features under the acronym assured (affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free, delivered to those who need it). in this work, two different platforms for the rapid and simultaneous testing of the foodborne pathogens e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica, in detail a nucleic acid lateral flow and an electrochemical magneto-genosensor are presented ...201727599431
detection of a novel qnrb19-carrying plasmid variant mediating decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility in salmonella enterica serovar hadar.thirty salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar hadar isolates of avian origin collected between 2007 and 2010 from chicken carcasses in five geographically spread abattoirs in germany were investigated for plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants. four isolates were identified by pcr analysis and hybridization experiments to carry qnrb genes. the isolates were indistinguishable by their xbai macrorestriction patterns and did not exhibit a mutation in the quinolone resistance-determ ...201727404660
biofilm-associated bacterial amyloids dampen inflammation in the gut: oral treatment with curli fibres reduces the severity of hapten-induced colitis in mice.a disruption of epithelial barrier function can lead to intestinal inflammation. toll-like receptor (tlr) 2 activation by microbial products promotes intestinal epithelial integrity and overall gut health. several bacterial species, including enteric bacteria, actively produce amyloid proteins as a part of their biofilms. recognition of amyloid fibres found in enteric biofilms, termed curli, by the toll-like receptor (tlr)2/1 complex reinforces barrier function. here, we investigated the effect ...201726855788
bacterial community radial-spatial distribution in biofilms along pipe wall in chlorinated drinking water distribution system of east china.biofilms in the pipe wall may lead to water quality deterioration and biological instability in drinking water distribution systems (dwdss). in this study, bacterial community radial-spatial distribution in biofilms along the pipe wall in a chlorinated dwds of east china was investigated. three pipes of large diameter (300, 600, and 600 mm) were sampled in this dwds, including a ductile cast iron pipe (dcip) with pipe age of 11 years and two gray cast iron pipes (gcip) with pipe ages of 17 and 1 ...201727761636
analysis of pcerc7, a small antibiotic resistance plasmid from a commensal st131 escherichia coli, defines a diverse group of plasmids that include various segments adjacent to a multimer resolution site and encode the same nika relaxase accessory protein enabling mobilisation.the ampicillin resistance plasmid pcerc7, carrying transposon tn2 with an is4 insertion, was detected in the draft genome of a commensal escherichia coli isolate. the genome data also revealed that this isolate belongs to st131, clade b. pcerc7 is 9712bp comprised of a 3319bp backbone, tn2::is4 (6388bp) and 5bp of target site duplication, and was present at a copy number of 40. pcerc7 is related to several plasmids composed of only the backbone, or the backbone with the tn2 insertion in the same ...201727826018
high-virulence cmy-2- and ctx-m-2-producing avian pathogenic escherichia coli strains isolated from commercial turkeys.this study reports the high-virulence phylogenetic backgrounds of cmy-2- and ctx-m-2-producing avian pathogenic escherichia coli strains isolated from turkeys sent to slaughter and condemned by airsacculitis in brazil. among 300 air sac samples, seven e. coli strains produced plasmid-mediated cmy-2-type ampc, of which three carried also the blactx-m-2 extended spectrum beta-lactamase encoding gene. interestingly, the transfer of the blacmy-2 gene was positive for three e. coli strains, being ass ...201727773543
contribution of asparagine catabolism to salmonella virulence.salmonellae are pathogenic bacteria that cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. salmonellae establish infection and avoid clearance by the immune system by mechanisms that are not well understood. we previously showed that l-asparaginase ii produced by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s typhimurium) inhibits t cell responses and mediates virulence. in addition, we previously showed that asparagine deprivation such as that mediated by l-asparaginase ii of s typhimu ...201727849183
metagenomics of two severe foodborne outbreaks provides diagnostic signatures and signs of coinfection not attainable by traditional methods.diagnostic testing for foodborne pathogens relies on culture-based techniques that are not rapid enough for real-time disease surveillance and do not give a quantitative picture of pathogen abundance or the response of the natural microbiome. powerful sequence-based culture-independent approaches, such as shotgun metagenomics, could sidestep these limitations and potentially reveal a pathogen-specific signature on the microbiome that would have implications not only for diagnostics but also for ...201727881416
the promiscuous suma missense suppressor from salmonella enterica has an intriguing mechanism of action.while most missense suppressors have very narrow specificities and only suppress the allele against which they were isolated, the suma missense suppressor from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a promiscuous or broad-acting missense suppressor that suppresses numerous missense mutants. the suma missense suppressor was identified as a glyv trna gly3(gau/c) missense suppressor that can recognize gau or gac aspartic acid codons and insert a glycine amino acid instead of aspartic acid. in a ...201727974497
a novel cmos image sensor system for quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays to detect food-borne pathogens.loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) is considered as one of the alternatives to the conventional pcr and it is an inexpensive portable diagnostic system with minimal power consumption. the present work describes the application of lamp in real-time photon detection and quantitative analysis of nucleic acids integrated with a disposable complementary-metal-oxide semiconductor (cmos) image sensor. this novel system works as an amplification-coupled detection platform, relying on a cmos i ...201727965010
modeling stochastic variability in the numbers of surviving salmonella enterica, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, and listeria monocytogenes cells at the single-cell level in a desiccated environment.despite effective inactivation procedures, small numbers of bacterial cells may still remain in food samples. the risk that bacteria will survive these procedures has not been estimated precisely because deterministic models cannot be used to describe the uncertain behavior of bacterial populations. we used the poisson distribution as a representative probability distribution to estimate the variability in bacterial numbers during the inactivation process. strains of four serotypes of salmonella ...201727940547
regulation of nrf operon expression in pathogenic enteric bacteria: sequence divergence reveals new regulatory complexity.the escherichia coli k-12 nrf operon encodes a periplasmic nitrite reductase, the expression of which is driven from a single promoter, pnrf. expression from pnrf is activated by the fnr transcription factor in response to anaerobiosis and further increased in response to nitrite by the response regulator proteins, narl and narp. fnr-dependent transcription is suppressed by the binding of two nucleoid associated proteins, ihf and fis. as fis levels increase in cells grown in rich medium, the pos ...201728211111
prevalence and molecular characterization of mcr-1-positive salmonella strains recovered from clinical specimens in china.the recently discovered colistin resistance-encoding element, mcr-1, adds to the list of antimicrobial resistance genes that rapidly erodes the antimicrobial efficacy of not only the commonly used antibiotics, but also the last line agents of carbapenems and colistin. this study investigated the prevalence of the mobile colistin resistance determinant mcr-1 in salmonella strains recovered from clinical settings in china, and the transmission potential of mcr-1-bearing mobile elements harbored by ...201728193662
self-oligomerizing structure of the flagellar cap protein flid and its implication in filament assembly.flid is a self-oligomerizing structural protein that caps the growing end of the bacterial flagellar filament. flid also plays a key role in the flagellar system by continuously adding a new flagellin protein to the tip of the filament. to structurally characterize flid oligomerization and to provide a flid-mediated flagellin polymerization mechanism, we have determined the crystal structures of flid proteins from escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (ecflid and stflid, r ...201728179186
the mechanism of killing by the proline-rich peptide bac7(1-35) against clinical strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa differs from that against other gram-negative bacteria.pseudomonas aeruginosa infections represent a serious threat to worldwide health. proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (pr-amps), a particular group of peptide antibiotics, have demonstrated in vitro activity against p. aeruginosa strains. here we show that the mammalian pr-amp bac7(1-35) is active against some multidrug-resistant cystic fibrosis isolates of p. aeruginosa by confocal microscopy and cytometric analyses, we investigated the mechanism of killing against p. aeruginosa strain pao1 and ...201728137800
differential attachment of salmonella enterica and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli to alfalfa, fenugreek, lettuce, and tomato seeds.vegetable seeds have the potential to disseminate and transmit foodborne bacterial pathogens. this study was undertaken to assess the abilities of selected salmonella and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) strains to attach to fungicide-treated versus untreated, and intact versus mechanically damaged, seeds of alfalfa, fenugreek, lettuce, and tomato. surface-sanitized seeds (2 g) were exposed to four individual strains of salmonella or ehec at 20°c for 5 h. contaminated seeds were rinsed ...201728130295
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