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analysis of plasmid-mediated quinolone and oxyimino-cephalosporin resistance mechanisms in uruguayan salmonella enterica isolates from 2011-2013.this study characterised the mechanisms of fluoroquinolone and oxyimino-cephalosporin resistance in human salmonella enterica isolates in uruguay. salmonella enterica isolates were collected from 2011-2013 and were selected based on non-susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and/or oxyimino-cephalosporins. the disk diffusion assay was performed for various antibiotics, and the ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) was determined following clsi guidelines. genetic relatedness was determin ...201627530862
simultaneous occurrence of salmonella enterica, campylobacter spp. and yersinia enterocolitica along the pork production chain from farm to meat processing in five conventional fattening pig herds in lower saxony.the objectives of this study were to gather data on the occurrence of salmonella (s.) enterica, campylobacter spp. and yersinia (y.) enterocolitica along the pork production chain and to further analyze detected salmonella isolates by additionally applying mlva (multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis). in total, 336 samples were collected at primary production, slaughter and meat processing from five conventional fattening pig farms and one common slaughterhouse. at farm level, s. ...201627529991
[investigation of antitumorigenic effects of food-borne non-pathogenic and pathogenic salmonella enterica strains on mef, du145 and hela cell lines].basic applications in cancer therapy may fail to eradicate cancer cells completely, they can show toxic affects to healthy cells and development of resistance to antitumor agents may increase tendency to metastasis. bacterial therapies have the advantage of specific targetting of tumors by selective toxicity, responsiveness to external signals, self-propelling capacity, and the sense of microenvironment. the most interest on the bacterial cancer therapy is about salmonella spp. with a special em ...201627525394
extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing salmonella enterica serovar infantis from humans in italy. 201627516228
effect of x-ray treatments on escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, shigella flexneri, salmonella enterica and inherent microbiota on whole mangoes.the aims of this investigation were to; (i) study the effect of x-ray treatments in reducing escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica and shigella flexneri on whole mangoes, and (ii) study the effect of x-ray treatments on microflora counts (mesophilic counts, psychrotrophic counts and yeast and mould counts) of whole mangoes during storage at ambient temperature (22°c) for 30 days. a mixture of three strains of each test organism was spot inoculated (100 μl; approx. ...201626518738
inactivation kinetics of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium on fresh-cut bell pepper treated with slightly acidic electrolyzed water combined with ultrasound and mild heat.the goal of this study was to enhance the antimicrobial effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (saew) through addition of synergistic treatment with ultrasound (us) and mild heat treatment in order to improve the microbial safety of fresh-cut bell pepper. to evaluate the synergistic effects, the weibull model was used to mathematically measure the effectiveness of the individual and combined treatments against listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium on the pepper. the combined tr ...201626678144
influence of water activity on inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes in peanut butter by microwave heating.this study evaluated the efficacy of a 915 mhz microwave with 3 different electric power levels to inactivate three pathogens in peanut butter with different aw. peanut butter inoculated with escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes (0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 aw) were treated with a 915 mhz microwave with 2, 4, and 6 kw for up to 5 min. six kw 915 mhz microwave treatment for 5 min reduced these three pathogens by 1.97 to >5.17 log cfu/g. four kw 915 mh ...201627554151
antifungal and antibacterial activities of petroselinum crispum essential oil.parsley [petroselinum crispum (mill.) fuss] is regarded as an aromatic, culinary, and medicinal plant and is used in the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries. however, few studies with conflicting results have been conducted on the antimicrobial activity of parsley essential oil. in addition, there have been no reports of essential oil obtained from parsley aerial parts, except seeds, as an alternative natural antimicrobial agent. also, microorganism resistance is still a challenge for ...201627525894
quality attributes and microbial survival on whole cantaloupes with antimicrobial coatings containing chitosan, lauric arginate, cinnamon oil and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.cantaloupes are susceptible to microbiological contamination in pre- or postharvest environments. novel intervention strategies, such as antimicrobial coatings, are needed to improve the microbiological safety of cantaloupes. the objective of this study was to prepare whole cantaloupes coated with mixtures containing chitosan, lauric arginate (lae), cinnamon oil (co), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) and determine survival characteristics of inoculated foodborne pathogens during storag ...201627484251
inactivation of salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes in cantaloupe puree by high hydrostatic pressure with/without added ascorbic acid.the objective of this research was to evaluate and develop a method for inactivation of salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes in cantaloupe puree (cp) by high hydrostatic pressure (hhp). cantaloupe being the most netted varieties of melons presents a greater risk of pathogen transmission. freshly prepared cp with or without 0.1% ascorbic acid (aa) was inoculated with a bacterial cocktail composed of a three serotype mixture of s. enterica (s. poona, s. newport h1275 and s. stanley h0558 ...201627441819
capture and concentration of viral and bacterial foodborne pathogens using apolipoprotein h.the need for improved pathogen separation and concentration methods to reduce time-to-detection for foodborne pathogens is well recognized. apolipoprotein h (apoh) is an acute phase human plasma protein that has been previously shown to interact with viruses, lipopolysaccharides (lps) and bacterial proteins. the purpose of this study was to determine if apoh was capable of binding and efficiently capturing two representative human norovirus strains (gi.1 and gii.4), a cultivable surrogate, and f ...201627439140
transfer of pathogens from cantaloupe rind to preparation surfaces and edible tissue as a function of cutting method.whole and cut cantaloupes have been implicated as vehicles in foodborne illness outbreaks of norovirus, salmonellosis, and listeriosis. preparation methods that minimize pathogen transfer from external surfaces to the edible tissue are needed. two preparation methods were compared for the transfer of listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2, murine norovirus, and tulane virus from inoculated cantaloupe rinds to edible tissue and preparation surfaces. for the first meth ...201627296423
antimicrobial properties of microemulsions formulated with essential oils, soybean oil, and tween 80.it was previously found that blending soybean oil with cinnamon bark oil (cbo), eugenol or thyme oil, tween 80, and equal masses of water and propylene glycol could be used to prepare microemulsions. in the present study, the objective was to determine the antimicrobial activity of the microemulsions in tryptic soy broth (tsb) and 2% reduced fat milk. in tsb, the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of cbo solubilized in microemulsions was up to 625 ppm against cocktails of listeria monocytoge ...201627016636
rab32 restriction of intracellular bacterial pathogens.our immune system is engaged in a continuous battle against invading pathogens, many of which have evolved to survive in intracellular niches of mammalian hosts. a variety of cellular processes are involved in preventing bacterial invasion or in killing bacteria that successfully invade host cells. recently, the rab gtpase rab32 emerged as critical regulator of a host defense pathway that can eliminate bacterial pathogens. salmonella enterica is an intracellular bacterium and a major cause of in ...201627645564
the impact of a cold chain break on the survival of salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes on minimally processed 'conference' pears during their shelf life.in recent years, improved detection methods and increased fresh-cut processing of produce have led to an increased number of outbreaks associated with fresh fruits and vegetables. during fruit and vegetable processing, natural protective barriers are removed and tissues are cut, causing nutrient rich exudates and providing attachment sites for microbes. consequently, fresh-cut produce is more susceptible to microbial proliferation than whole produce.201627813092
effectiveness of washing procedures in reducing salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes on a raw leafy green vegetable (eruca vesicaria).vegetables are an important source of nutrients, but they can host a large microbial population, particularly bacteria. foodborne pathogens can contaminate raw vegetables at any stage of their production process with a potential for human infection. appropriate washing can mitigate the risk of foodborne illness consequent to vegetable consumption by reducing pathogen levels, but few data are available to assess the efficacy of different practices. in the present work, six different washing metho ...201627812356
intestinal microbes influence the survival, reproduction and protein profile of trichinella spiralis in vitro.the interactions between intestinal microbes and parasitic worms play an essential role in the development of the host immune system. however, the effects of gut microbes on trichinella spiralis are unknown. the aim of this work was to explore microbe-induced alterations in the survival and reproduction of t. spiralis in vitro. to further identify the proteins and genes involved in the response of nematodes to microbes, quantitative proteomic analysis of t. spiralis was conducted by itraq-couple ...201626432293
leucine-684: a conserved residue of an amp-acetyl coa synthetase (acecs) from leishmania donovani is involved in substrate recognition, catalysis and acetylation.amp-acetyl coa synthetase (amp-acecs) is a key enzyme which catalyzes the activation of acetate to acetyl coa, an important intermediate at the cross roads of various anabolic and catabolic pathways. multiple sequence alignment of leishmania donovani acecs with other organisms revealed the presence of a highly conserved leucine residue at 684 position which is known to be crucial for acetylation by protein acetyl transferases in other organisms. in an attempt to understand the role of leucine re ...201626794803
fermented milk with probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus s1k3 (mtcc5957) protects mice from salmonella by enhancing immune and nonimmune protection mechanisms at intestinal mucosal level.we investigated the mechanism by which an indian indigenous probiotic culture, lactobacillus rhamnosus s1k3, could overcome the pathogenic strain salmonella enterica with an emphasis on the response at the intestinal mucosal level after long-term (30days) consumption. s1k3 was able to produce antimicrobial compounds against the pathogens. the probiotic adhered strongly to intestinal epithelium and maintained its integrity in presence of salmonella through stimulation of tight junction and antimi ...201627012622
isolation, identification, and evaluation of novel probiotic strains isolated from feces of breast-fed infants.to isolate, identify, and evaluate the probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from the feces of breast-fed infants.201626817236
ngmaster:in silico multi-antigen sequence typing for neisseria gonorrhoeae.whole-genome sequencing (wgs) provides the highest resolution analysis for comparison of bacterial isolates in public health microbiology. however, although increasingly being used routinely for some pathogens such as listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica, the use of wgs is still limited for other organisms, such as neisseria gonorrhoeae. multi-antigen sequence typing (ng-mast) is the most widely performed typing method for epidemiological surveillance of gonorrhoea. here, we present ng ...201628348871
an evaluation of alternatives to nitrites and sulfites to inhibit the growth of salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes in meat products.in recent years, the use of nitrites and sulfites as food preservatives has been a cause for concern due to the health problems that these additives can cause in humans. natural products have been studied as an alternative, but most of them have hardly been applied in the food industry for technological and economic reasons. in this sense, organic salts such as sodium acetate are a good alternative due to their affordability. thus, this study evaluated the capacity of sodium nitrite, sodium sulf ...201628231169
effect of temperature and nutrient concentration on survival of foodborne pathogens in deciduous fruit processing environments for effective hygiene management.temperature and good sanitation practices are important factors for controlling growth of microorganisms. fresh produce is stored at various temperatures to ensure quality and to prolong shelf life. when foodborne pathogens survive and grow on fresh produce at storage temperatures, then additional control strategies are needed to inactivate these pathogens. the aim of this study was to determine how temperatures associated with deciduous fruit processing and storage facilities (0.5, 4, and 21°c) ...201628221909
milk acidification to control the growth of mycoplasma bovis and salmonella dublin in contaminated milk.bacterial contamination of milk fed to calves compromises calf health. several bacterial pathogens that infect cows, including mycoplasma bovis and salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar dublin, are shed in milk, providing a possible route of transmission to calves. milk acidification lowers the milk ph so that it is unsuitable for bacterial growth and survival. the objectives of this study were to (1) determine the growth of m. bovis and salmonella dublin in milk, and (2) evaluate the effica ...201627692716
use of the salmonella mgtr peptide as an antagonist of the mycobacterium mgtc virulence factor.the mgtc virulence factor has been proposed as an attractive target for antivirulence strategies because it is shared by several important bacterial pathogens, including salmonella enterica and mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb).201626849775
identification of the crp gene in avian pasteurella multocida and evaluation of the effects of crp deletion on its phenotype, virulence and immunogenicity.pasteurella multocida (p. multocida) is an important veterinary pathogen that can cause severe diseases in a wide range of mammals and birds. the global regulator crp gene has been found to regulate the virulence of some bacteria, and crp mutants have been demonstrated to be effective attenuated vaccines against salmonella enterica and yersinia enterocolitica. here, we first characterized the crp gene in p. multocida, and we report the effects of a crp deletion.201627343075
determination and analysis of the putative acacd-responsive promoters of salmonella genomic island 1.the integrative genomic island sgi1 and its variants confer multidrug resistance in numerous salmonella enterica serovariants and several proteus mirabilis and acinetobacter strains. sgi1 is mobilized by the inca/c family plasmids. the island exploits not only the conjugation apparatus of the plasmid, but also utilizes the plasmid-encoded master regulator acacd to induce the excision and formation of its transfer-competent form, which is a key step in the horizontal transfer of sgi1. triggering ...201627727307
[detection of salmonella choleraesuis var. kunzendorf in a fattening pig with septicaemic salmonellosis. a case report].the present case reports the detection of salmonella (s.) choleraesuis var. kunzendorf and porcine circovirus type 2 in an organic fattening pig suffering from septicaemic salmonellosis and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome. six weeks after pigs had been housed in an organic fattening farm, an increase in mortality, diarrhea and coughing was observed. in recent years, s. choleraesuis var. kunzendorf has been frequently detected in wild boars in germany, whereas the same serovar did not ...201627808343
natural antimicrobials and high-pressure treatments on the inactivation of salmonella enteritidis and escherichia coli o157:h7 in cold-smoked salmon.high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) combined with reuterin and lactoperoxidase system (lps) has exerted antimicrobial activity against listeria monocytogenes in cold-smoked salmon at chilled temperatures. therefore the purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of hhp combined with reuterin, lps and lactoferrin (lf) on the survival of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis and escherichia coli o157:h7 in cold-smoked salmon stored at 4 and 10 °c.201626268416
genetic control of bacterial biofilms.nearly all bacterial species, including pathogens, have the ability to form biofilms. biofilms are defined as structured ecosystems in which microbes are attached to surfaces and embedded in a matrix composed of polysaccharides, edna, and proteins, and their development is a multistep process. bacterial biofilms constitute a large medical problem due to their extremely high resistance to various types of therapeutics, including conventional antibiotics. several environmental and genetic signals ...201626294280
comparison of disinfectant efficacy when using high-volume directed mist application of accelerated hydrogen peroxide and peroxymonosulfate disinfectants in a large animal hospital.effective decontamination of animal holding environments is critical for providing high quality patient care and maintaining a safe working environment. disinfection of animal holding environments is a significant challenge during times of epidemic disease.201626101083
green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of cibotium barometz root.green synthesis of gold (cb-aunps) and silver (cb-agnps) nanoparticles using cibotium barometz root extract was highlighted. cb-aunps were synthesized almost instantly and cb-agnps were formed after 25 min in a heated aqueous extract. the formation of cb-aunps and cb-agnps was detected at 548 and 412 nm; they were spherical with crystallite sizes of 6 nm and 23 nm, respectively. cb-agnps were further investigated for their antimicrobial activity against escherichia, staphylococcus aureus, salmon ...201627917689
heterologous pseudomonas aeruginosa o-antigen delivery using a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium weca mutant strain.there is a broad interest in adapting live vaccine strains (lvs) for use as recombinant vaccines that can deliver heterologous antigens. the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium sl1344 δweca lvs contains a mutation in weca that abrogates production of enterobacterial common antigen. this δweca strain is attenuated in vivo, persistently colonizes the host, and protects against both wild type and cross-salmonella serovar lethal challenge in a murine model of salmonellosis. given these character ...201627476047
a systems biology analysis unfolds the molecular pathways and networks of two proteobacteria in spaceflight and simulated microgravity conditions.bacteria are important organisms for space missions due to their increased pathogenesis in microgravity that poses risks to the health of astronauts and for projected synthetic biology applications at the space station. we understand little about the effect, at the molecular systems level, of microgravity on bacteria, despite their significant incidence. in this study, we proposed a systems biology pipeline and performed an analysis on published gene expression data sets from multiple seminal st ...201627623197
designing, construction and characterization of genetically encoded fret-based nanosensor for real time monitoring of lysine flux in living cells.engineering microorganisms in order to improve the metabolite flux needs a detailed knowledge of the concentrations and flux rates of metabolites and metabolic intermediates in vivo. fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret) based genetically encoded nanosensors represent a promising tool for measuring the metabolite levels and corresponding rate changes in live cells. here, we report the development of a series of fret based genetically encoded nanosensor for real time measurement of lysine ...201627334743
chemical composition and biological activities of eruca vesicaria subsp. longirostris essential oils.context to date, there are no reports to validate the tunisian traditional and folklore claims of eruca vesicaria (l) cav. subsp. longirostris (brassicaceae) for the treatment of disease. objective investigation of the chemical composition antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of essential oils from eruca longirostris leaves, stems, roots and fruits. materials and methods the essential oils of e. longirostris from leaves, stems, roots and fruits were obtained after 4 h of hydrodistillation. che ...201626983675
engineering and systems-level analysis of saccharomyces cerevisiae for production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid via malonyl-coa reductase-dependent pathway.in the future, oil- and gas-derived polymers may be replaced with bio-based polymers, produced from renewable feedstocks using engineered cell factories. acrylic acid and acrylic esters with an estimated world annual production of approximately 6 million tons by 2017 can be derived from 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3hp), which can be produced by microbial fermentation. for an economically viable process 3hp must be produced at high titer, rate and yield and preferably at low ph to minimize downstrea ...201626980206
the non-fimbriate phenotype is predominant among salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis from swine and those non-fimbriate strains possess distinct amino acid variations in fimh.although most salmonella serovars are able to infect a range of animal hosts, some have acquired the ability to cause systemic infections of specific hosts. for example, salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis is primarily associated with systemic infection in swine. adherence to host epithelial cells is considered a prerequisite for initial infection, and fimbrial appendages on the outer membrane of the bacteria are implicated in this process. although type 1 fimbriae encoded by the fim gene c ...201626974320
linear antigenic mapping of flagellin (flic) from salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis with yeast surface expression system.salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) is a major cause of food-borne illness around the world and can have significant health implications in humans, poultry and other animals. flagellin (flic) is the primary component of bacterial flagella. it has been shown that the flic of s. enteritidis is a significant antigenic structure and can elicit strong humoral responses against s. enteritidis infection in chickens. here, we constructed a flic antigen library using a yeast surface ...201626854340
acidic ph sensing in the bacterial cytoplasm is required for salmonella virulence.ph regulates gene expression, biochemical activities and cellular behaviors. a mildly acidic ph activates the master virulence regulatory system phop/phoq in the facultative intracellular pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. the sensor phoq harbors an extracytoplasmic domain implicated in signal sensing, and a cytoplasmic domain controlling activation of the regulator phop. we now report that, surprisingly, a decrease in salmonella's own cytoplasmic ph induces transcription of phop- ...201627282333
genomic analysis of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a during an outbreak in cambodia, 2013-2015.in 2013, an unusual increase in the number of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a (salmonella paratyphi a) infections was reported in patients in phnom penh, cambodia, and in european, american and japanese travellers returning from cambodia. epidemiological investigations did not identify a common source of exposure. to analyse the population structure and genetic diversity of these salmonella paratyphi a isolates, we used whole-genome sequencing on 65 isolates collected from 1999 to 2014: ...201628348832
modeling the effect of temperature and water activity on the thermal resistance of salmonella enteritidis pt 30 in wheat flour.salmonella continues to be a problem associated with low-moisture foods, particularly given enhanced thermal resistance at lower water activity (aw). however, there is a scarcity of thermal inactivation models accounting for the effect of aw. the objective of this study was to test multiple secondary models for the effect of product (wheat flour) aw on salmonella enterica enteritidis phage type 30 thermal resistance. a full-factorial experimental design included three temperatures (75, 80, and 8 ...201628221962
characterization and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella typhimurium isolates from clinically diseased pigs in korea.this study investigated the prevalence of salmonella enterica serovar and antimicrobial resistance in salmonella typhimurium isolates from clinically diseased pigs collected from 2008 to 2014 in korea. isolates were also characterized according to the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. among 94 salmonella isolates, 81 (86.2%) were identified as being of the salmonella typhimurium serotype, followed by salmonella derby (6 of 94, 6.4%), salmon ...201628221916
[salmonella enterica: a review or the trilogy agent, host and environment and its importance in chile].salmonella enterica is a major foodborne pathogen worldwide, being the main cause of outbreaks by food consumption in chile. despite all efforts deployed for control and prevention, the high incidence in people still persists, with several factors that could be influencing the epidemiological behavior of this infection. the objective of this review is to identify these factors belonging to the biological agent, the human host and the environment, which probably have a greater importance in chile ...201628112339
epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of typhoid fever in jorhat town of assam, india.typhoid fever is a global health problem and is also endemic in india. an outbreak of fever occurred in january 2014 in jorhat town in assam, india. here we report the results of an investigation done to find out the aetiology and source of the outbreak.201628256469
bacterial genotoxin functions as immune-modulator and promotes host survival.bacterial genotoxins are effectors that cause dna damage in target cells. many aspects of the biology of these toxins have been characterised in vitro, such as structure, cellular internalisation pathways and effects on the target cells. however, little is known about their function in vivo. salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) is a gram-negative, intracellular bacterium that causes typhoid fever, a debilitating disease infecting more than 20 million people every year. s. typhiproduce a ...201628357372
[bacteremia caused by ciprofloxacin-resistant salmonella serotype kentucky: a case report and the review of literature].salmonella infections can be seen in four clinical types, namely gastroenteritis, bacteremia/sepsis, enteric fever and carriage. these infections can result in uncomplicated diarrhea in most cases, but can lead to invasive disease requiring antimicrobial therapy and can be life-threatening in elderly or immunocomprimised patients. broad-spectrum cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones are crucial options in the treatment of the invasive infections. ciprofloxacin resistance is rarely seen in non-typh ...201628124965
laboratory investigation of <i>salmonella enterica</i> serovar poona outbreak in california: comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and whole genome sequencing (wgs) results.recently, salmonella enterica serovar poona caused a multistate outbreak, with 245 out of 907 cases occurring in california. we report a comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) results with whole genome sequencing (wgs) for genotyping of salmonella poona isolates.201628018748
outbreak of salmonella oslo infections linked to persian cucumbers - united states, 2016.in april 2016, pulsenet, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance, detected a multistate cluster of salmonella enterica serotype oslo infections with an indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) pattern (xbai pfge pattern oslx01.0090).* this pfge pattern was new in the database; no previous infections or outbreaks have been identified. cdc, state and local health and agriculture departments and laboratories, and the food and drug administration ...201628033312
detection of salmonella enterica serovar montevideo and newport in free-ranging sea turtles and beach sand in the caribbean and persistence in sand and seawater microcosms.salmonellae are gram-negative zoonotic bacteria that are frequently part of the normal reptilian gastrointestinal flora. the main objective of this project was to estimate the prevalence of non-typhoidal salmonella enterica in the nesting and foraging populations of sea turtles on st. kitts and in sand from known nesting beaches. results suggest a higher prevalence of salmonella in nesting leatherback sea turtles compared with foraging green and hawksbill sea turtles. salmonella was cultured fro ...201628009107
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella enterica serovar indiana in china (1984-2016).salmonella enterica serovar indiana, first described in 1955, is generally regarded as having a low frequency worldwide with outbreaks of gastroenteritis and abortions described in north america and europe. in china, s. indiana was first reported in 1984 and in the subsequent 71 surveys in 35 cities/municipalities from 18 provinces, 70% of which were after 2012, s. indiana has been shown to have become widely prevalent in people, animals, food and the environment around abattoirs and meat proces ...201628009105
the crispr-cas system presents multiple transcriptional units including antisense rnas that are expressed in minimal medium and up-regulated by ph in salmonella enterica serovar typhi.the crispr-cas system is involved in bacterial immunity, virulence, gene regulation, biofilm formation and sporulation. in salmonella enterica serovar typhi this system consists of five transcriptional units including antisense rnas. it was determined that these genetic elements are expressed in minimal medium and are up-regulated by ph. in addition, a transcriptional characterization of cas3 and ascse2-1 is included herein.201627995873
role of t3ss-1 sipd protein in protecting mice against non-typhoidal salmonella typhimurium.salmonella enterica species are enteric pathogens that cause severe diseases ranging from self-limiting gastroenteritis to enteric fever and sepsis in humans. these infectious diseases are still the major cause of morbidity and mortality in low-income countries, especially in children younger than 5 years and immunocompromised adults. vaccines targeting typhoidal diseases are already marketed, but none protect against non-typhoidal salmonella. the existence of multiple non-typhoidal salmonella s ...201627992422
complete genome sequence of new bacteriophage phie142, which causes simultaneously lysis of multidrug-resistant escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica.the emergence of antibiotic-resistant foodborne bacteria is a global health problem that requires immediate attention. bacteriophages are a promising biotechnological alternative approach against bacterial pathogens. however, a detailed analysis of phage genomes is essential to assess the safety of the phages prior to their use as biocontrol agents. therefore, here we report the complete genome sequence of bacteriophage phie142, which is able to lyse salmonella and multidrug-resistant escherichi ...201627999624
cytochrome bd-dependent bioenergetics and antinitrosative defenses in salmonella pathogenesis.in the course of an infection, salmonella enterica occupies diverse anatomical sites with various concentrations of oxygen (o2) and nitric oxide (no). these diatomic gases compete for binding to catalytic metal groups of quinol oxidases. enterobacteriaceae express two evolutionarily distinct classes of quinol oxidases that differ in affinity for o2 and no as well as stoichiometry of h(+) translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane. the investigations presented here show that the dual function o ...201627999164
genome sequences of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis strains from broiler chicks in hungary.three strains of salmonella enterica serovar infantis isolated from healthy broiler chickens from 2012 to 2013 have been sequenced. comparison of these and previously published s infantis genome sequences of broiler origin in 1996 and 2004 will provide new insight into the genome evolution and recent spread of s infantis in poultry.201627979950
salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae infection of adult patients in southern taiwan: a case series in a non-endemic area and literature review.the majority of salmonella arizonae human infections have been reported in southwestern united states, where rattlesnake-based products are commonly used to treat illness; however, little is known in non-endemic areas. we reviewed and analyzed the clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes in adult patients with s. arizonae infection at our institution.201627938338
serotypes and antimicrobial resistance in salmonella enterica recovered from clinical samples from cattle and swine in minnesota, 2006 to 2015.salmonellosis remains one of the leading causes of foodborne disease worldwide despite preventive efforts at various stages of the food production chain. the emergence of multi-drug resistant (mdr) non-typhoidal salmonella enterica represents an additional challenge for public health authorities. food animals are considered a major reservoir and potential source of foodborne salmonellosis; thus, monitoring of salmonella strains in livestock may help to detect emergence of new serotypes/mdr pheno ...201627936204
purification and antigenic detection of o-specific polysaccharides of salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a isolate from pakistan: an emerging threat.paratyphoid fever caused by salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a is becoming a serious health problem in asian countries particularly pakistan, china and india and situation is aggravated by current unavailability of a licensed vaccine. this study was designed to purify the o-specific polysaccharides (osp) produced by an isolate of salmonella paratyphi a from pakistan and detect antigenicity of extracted lipopolysaccharide (lps) and purified osp pioneerly in south asian region as candidate fo ...201627933236
distinct innate responses are induced by attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium mutants.upon bacterial infection the host cells generate a wide variety of cytokines. genetic attenuation of bacterial physiological pathogens can be accomplished not only by disruption of normal bacterial processes, but also by the loss of the ability to redirect the host immune system. we examined nine attenuated salmonella typhimurium mutants for their ability to replicate as well as the cytokines produced after infection of bone marrow derived macrophages (bmdm). infection of bmdm with attenuated sa ...201626546408
salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium growth is inhibited by the concomitant binding of zn(ii) and a pyrrolyl-hydroxamate to znua, the soluble component of the znuabc transporter.under conditions of zn(ii) deficiency, the most relevant high affinity zn(ii) transport system synthesized by many gram-negative bacteria is the znuabc transporter. znuabc is absent in eukaryotes and plays an important role in bacterial virulence. consequently, znua, the periplasmic component of the transporter, appeared as a good target candidate to find new compounds able to contrast bacterial growth by interfering with zn(ii) uptake.201626691136
transcription factor batf3 is important for development of cd8+ t-cell response against a phagosomal bacterium regardless of the location of antigen.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (st) is a virulent intracellular bacterium that conceals itself in the phagosomes of infected cells. although cd8(+) t cells promote protection against various intracellular pathogens, the role of cd8(+) t cells against virulent st has been unclear due to early fatality of susceptible (b6) mice. herein, we generated mhc i-deficient mice on the resistant (129svj) and susceptible (nramp1 transgenic b6) background to evaluate the role of cd8(+) t cells agains ...201626567886
location, location, location. salmonella senses ethanolamine to gauge distinct host environments and coordinate gene expression.chemical and nutrient signaling mediate all cellular processes, ensuring survival in response to changing environmental conditions. ethanolamine is a component of phosphatidylethanolamine, a major phospholipid of mammalian and bacterial cell membranes. ethanolamine is abundant in the gastrointestinal (gi) tract from dietary sources as well as from the normal turnover of intestinal epithelial and bacterial cells in the gut. additionally, mammalian cells maintain intracellular ethanolamine concent ...201628357338
assessing salmonella typhimurium persistence in poultry carcasses under multiple thermal conditions consistent with composting and wet rendering.mitigation of salmonella associated with poultry carcasses is primarily accomplished by rendering or carcass composting. while rendering temperatures and pressures are well established for pathogen inactivation in poultry carcasses, parameters controlling composting processes are less defined in part because multiple conditions and procedures are utilized. consequently, limited knowledge exists describing the impacts of composting with varying temperature and mixing protocols with respect to the ...201626769271
salmonella plasmid virulence gene spvb enhances bacterial virulence by inhibiting autophagy in a zebrafish infection model.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is a facultative intracellular pathogen that can cause gastroenteritis and systemic infection in a wide range of hosts. salmonella plasmid virulence gene spvb is closely related to bacterial virulence in different cells and animal models, and the encoded protein acts as an intracellular toxin required for adp-ribosyl transferase activity. however, until now there is no report about the pathogenecity of spvb gene on zebrafish. due to the ou ...201626723267
a multi-drug resistant salmonella typhimurium st213 human-invasive strain (33676) containing the bla cmy-2 gene on an incf plasmid is attenuated for virulence in balb/c mice.classical strains of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (typhimurium) predominantly cause a self-limiting diarrheal illness in humans and a systemic disease in mice. in this study, we report the characterization of a strain isolated from a blood-culture taken from a 15-year old woman suffering from invasive severe salmonellosis, refractory to conventional therapy with extended-spectrum cephalosporin (esc).201626862033
retinoic acid decreases the severity of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium mediated gastroenteritis in a mouse model.gastroenteritis is a global burden; it's the major cause of morbidity and mortality both in adults and children of developing countries. salmonella is one of the leading causes of bacteria-mediated gastroenteritis and due to its increasing multidrug antibiotic resistance; salmonella-mediated gastroenteritis is difficult to control. retinoic acid, the biologically active agent of vitamin a has an anti-inflammatory effect on experimental colitis. in this study we have shown all trans retinoic acid ...201626858186
novel small rna (srna) landscape of the starvation-stress response transcriptome of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.small rnas (srnas) are short (∼50-200 nucleotides) noncoding rnas that regulate cellular activities across bacteria. salmonella enterica starved of a carbon-energy (c) source experience a host of genetic and physiological changes broadly referred to as the starvation-stress response (ssr). in an attempt to identify novel srnas contributing to ssr control, we grew log-phase, 5-h c-starved and 24-h c-starved cultures of the virulent salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium strai ...201626853797
antibacterial flavonoids from medicinal plants covalently inactivate type iii protein secretion substrates.traditional chinese medicines (tcms) have been historically used to treat bacterial infections. however, the molecules responsible for these anti-infective properties and their potential mechanisms of action have remained elusive. using a high-throughput assay for type iii protein secretion in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, we discovered that several tcms can attenuate this key virulence pathway without affecting bacterial growth. among the active tcms, we discovered that baicalein, a ...201626847396
a diva vaccine for cross-protection against salmonella.swine are often asymptomatic carriers of salmonella spp., a leading cause of human bacterial foodborne disease. vaccination against salmonella is effective for protecting animal health and enhancing food safety. however, with >2500 salmonella serovars, current vaccines for swine offer limited cross-protection against heterologous serovars. also, existing vaccines can interfere with surveillance programs that monitor the salmonella status of swine herds. to overcome salmonella vaccine limitations ...201626836212
molecular analysis of the adaptive response in salmonella typhimurium after starvation in salty conditions.the pathogenic bacterium salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium elicits a variety of genetic programs to adapt to stress conditions encountered within hostile environments such as host phagocytes and preserved food.201626829540
development of functional microfold (m) cells from intestinal stem cells in primary human enteroids.intestinal microfold (m) cells are specialized epithelial cells that act as gatekeepers of luminal antigens in the intestinal tract. they play a critical role in the intestinal mucosal immune response through transport of viruses, bacteria and other particles and antigens across the epithelium to immune cells within peyer's patch regions and other mucosal sites. recent studies in mice have demonstrated that m cells are generated from lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (iscs), and that infection with sa ...201626820624
protein acetylation is involved in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium virulence.salmonella causes a range of diseases in different hosts, including enterocolitis and systemic infection. lysine acetylation regulates many eukaryotic cellular processes, but its function in bacteria is largely unexplored. the acetyltransferase pat and nad(+)-dependent deacetylase cobb are involved in the reversible protein acetylation in salmonella typhimurium. here, we used cell and animal models to evaluate the virulence of pat and cobb deletion mutants in s. typhimurium and found that pat is ...201626810370
a conditionally lethal mutant of salmonella typhimurium induces a protective response in mice.here we present the design of a conditionally lethal mutant of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) which growth depends on tetracycline (tet). four mutants of s. typhimurium, with tet-conditional growth, were created by inserting the tetra cassette. three of the mutants presented a conditional-lethal phenotype in vitro. one mutant in the yabb gene remained conditional inside cells and did not persisted after 24 h in cell cultures. the capacity of s. typhimurium yabb::tetra t ...201626792728
dual rna-seq unveils noncoding rna functions in host-pathogen interactions.bacteria express many small rnas for which the regulatory roles in pathogenesis have remained poorly understood due to a paucity of robust phenotypes in standard virulence assays. here we use a generic 'dual rna-seq' approach to profile rna expression simultaneously in pathogen and host during salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection and reveal the molecular impact of bacterial riboregulators. we identify a phop-activated small rna, pint, which upon bacterial internalization temporally ...201626789254
genes required for the fitness of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium during infection of immunodeficient gp91-/- phox mice.salmonella enterica causes systemic diseases (typhoid and paratyphoid fever), nontyphoidal septicemia (nts), and gastroenteritis in humans and other animals worldwide. an important but underrecognized emerging infectious disease problem in sub-saharan africa is nts in children and immunocompromised adults. a current goal is to identify salmonella mutants that are not pathogenic in the absence of key components of the immune system such as might be found in immunocompromised hosts. such attenuate ...201626787719
biosynthesis of salmonella enterica [nife]-hydrogenase-5: probing the roles of system-specific accessory proteins.a subset of bacterial [nife]-hydrogenases have been shown to be capable of activating dihydrogen-catalysis under aerobic conditions; however, it remains relatively unclear how the assembly and activation of these enzymes is carried out in the presence of air. acquiring this knowledge is important if a generic method for achieving production of o2-resistant [nife]-hydrogenases within heterologous hosts is to be developed. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium synthesizes the [nife]-hydrogenase- ...201627566174
bioactive extracts from berry byproducts on the pathogenicity of salmonella typhimurium.the aim of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic properties of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (st) in the presence of lethal and sublethal concentrations (slc2log) of blackberry (rubus fruticosus) and blueberry (vaccinium corymbosum) pomace extracts. antimicrobial susceptibility, physicochemical properties, motility, biofilm formation ability, virulence gene expression patterns, and the ability of st to colonize in chick cecum were evaluated in the presence of these bi ...201627565525
the impact of 18 ancestral and horizontally-acquired regulatory proteins upon the transcriptome and srna landscape of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.we know a great deal about the genes used by the model pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to cause disease, but less about global gene regulation. new tools for studying transcripts at the single nucleotide level now offer an unparalleled opportunity to understand the bacterial transcriptome, and expression of the small rnas (srna) and coding genes responsible for the establishment of infection. here, we define the transcriptomes of 18 mutants lacking virulence-related global regul ...201627564394
the occurrence of salmonella spp. in duck eggs on sale at retail or from catering in england.since 2010, human salmonellosis outbreaks in the uk have been detected as associated with the consumption of duck eggs. little data are available on the rate of occurrence of salmonella in duck eggs. the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of salmonella spp. in duck eggs on sale and from catering in england during 2011, particularly those from small-scale production. all samples were collected independently of human salmonellosis outbreak investigations. composite samples of 6-10 ...201627561893
outer membrane vesicle biosynthesis in salmonella: is there more to gram-negative bacteria?recent research has focused on the biological role of outer membrane vesicles (omvs), which are derived from the outer membranes (oms) of gram-negative bacteria, and their potential exploitation as therapeutics. omvs have been characterized in many ways and functions. until recently, research focused on hypothetical and empirical models that addressed the molecular mechanisms of omv biogenesis, such as vesicles bulging from the om in various ways. the recently reported study by elhenawy et al. ( ...201627531914
efficacy of tumor-targeting salmonella a1-r on a melanoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (pdox) nude-mouse model.tumor-targeting salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium a1-r (salmonella a1-r) had strong efficacy on a melanoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (pdox) nude-mouse model. gfp-expressing salmonella a1-r highly and selectively colonized the pdox melanoma and significantly suppressed tumor growth (p = 0.021). the combination of salmonella a1-r and cisplatinum (cddp), both at low-dose, also significantly suppressed the growth of the melanoma pdox (p = 0.001). salmonella a1-r has future clinical ...201627500926
feeding a high dosage of zinc oxide affects suppressor of cytokine gene expression in salmonella typhimurium infected piglets.suppressor of cytokine signaling (socs) proteins play an important role in the regulation of the immune response by inhibiting cytokines. here we investigated the effects of zinc oxide fed at three different dosages (lzn=57ppm, mzn=167ppm, hzn=2425ppm) to weaned piglets that were or were not orally infected with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt 104. we detected higher expression of socs3 six days after weaning for all analyzed piglets, regardless of the infection or the zinc feeding, s ...201627496737
intracellular salmonella induces aggrephagy of host endomembranes in persistent infections.xenophagy has been studied in epithelial cells infected with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium). distinct autophagy receptors target this pathogen to degradation after interacting with ubiquitin on the surface of cytosolic bacteria, and the phagophore- and autophagosome-associated protein map1lc3/lc3. glycans exposed in damaged phagosomal membranes and diacylglycerol accumulation in the phagosomal membrane also trigger s. typhimurium xenophagy. how these responses control i ...201627485662
the salmonella effector sopb prevents ros-induced apoptosis of epithelial cells by retarding traf6 recruitment to mitochondria.microbial pathogens enter host cells by injecting effector proteins of the type iii secretion system (t3ss), which facilitate pathogen translocation across the host cell membrane. these effector proteins exert their effects by modulating a variety of host innate immune responses, thereby facilitating bacterial replication and systemic infection. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s.typhimurium) is a clinically important pathogen that causes food poisoning and gastroenteritis. the sopb effe ...201627473656
a salmonella nanoparticle mimic overcomes multidrug resistance in tumours.salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium is a food-borne pathogen that also selectively grows in tumours and functionally decreases p-glycoprotein (p-gp), a multidrug resistance transporter. here we report that the salmonella type iii secretion effector, sipa, is responsible for p-gp modulation through a pathway involving caspase-3. mimicking the ability of salmonella to reverse multidrug resistance, we constructed a gold nanoparticle system packaged with a sipa corona, and found this bacterial ...201627452236
nutrient deprivation affects salmonella invasion and its interaction with the gastrointestinal microbiota.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is a foodborne enteric pathogen and a major cause of gastroenteritis in humans. it is known that molecules derived from the human fecal microbiota downregulate s. typhimurium virulence gene expression and induce a starvation-like response. in this study, s. typhimurium was cultured in minimal media to mimic starvation conditions such as that experienced by s. typhimurium in the human intestinal tract, and the pathogen's virulence in vitro ...201627437699
energy taxis toward host-derived nitrate supports a salmonella pathogenicity island 1-independent mechanism of invasion.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium can cross the epithelial barrier using either the invasion-associated type iii secretion system (t3ss-1) or a t3ss-1-independent mechanism that remains poorly characterized. here we show that flagellum-mediated motility supported a t3ss-1-independent pathway for entering ileal peyer's patches in the mouse model. flagellum-dependent invasion of peyer's patches required energy taxis toward nitrate, which was mediated by the methyl-accepting chemotaxis protei ...201627435462
gold nanoparticle-dna aptamer conjugate-assisted delivery of antimicrobial peptide effectively eliminates intracellular salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.antimicrobial peptides (amps) are a promising new class of antibacterial compounds. however, their applications in the treatment of intracellular pathogenic bacteria have been limited by their in vivo instability and low penetrating ability into mammalian cells. here, we report that gold nanoparticles conjugated with dna aptamer (aunp-apt) efficiently delivered amps into mammalian living systems with enhanced stability of the amps. c-terminally hexahistidine-tagged a3-apo (a3-apo(his)) amps were ...201627424215
regulated delayed synthesis of lipopolysaccharide and enterobacterial common antigen of salmonella typhimurium enhances immunogenicity and cross-protective efficacy against heterologous salmonella challenge.lipopolysaccharide (lps) o-antigen and enterobacterial common antigen (eca) are two major polysaccharide structures on the surface of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. previous studies have demonstrated that regulated truncation of lps enhances the cross-reaction against conserved outer membrane proteins (omps) from enteric bacteria. we speculate that the regulation of both o-antigen and eca may enhance the induction of immune responses against conserved omps from enteric bacteria. in thi ...201627423383
models of intestinal infection by salmonella enterica: introduction of a new neonate mouse model.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a foodborne pathogen causing inflammatory disease in the intestine following diarrhea and is responsible for thousands of deaths worldwide. many in vitro investigations using cell culture models are available, but these do not represent the real natural environment present in the intestine of infected hosts. several in vivo animal models have been used to study the host-pathogen interaction and to unravel the immune responses and cellular processes occu ...201627408697
lps remodeling triggers formation of outer membrane vesicles in salmonella.outer membrane vesicles (omv) are proposed to mediate multiple functions during pathogenesis and symbiosis. however, the mechanisms responsible for omv formation remain poorly understood. it has been shown in eukaryotic membranes that lipids with an inverted-cone shape favor the formation of positive membrane curvatures. based on these studies, we formulated the hypothesis that lipid a deacylation might impose shape modifications that result in the curvature of the outer membrane (om) and subseq ...201627406567
mice deficient in angiopoietin-like protein 2 (angptl2) gene show increased susceptibility to bacterial infection due to attenuated macrophage activity.macrophages play crucial roles in combatting infectious disease by promoting inflammation and phagocytosis. angiopoietin-like protein 2 (angptl2) is a secreted factor that induces tissue inflammation by attracting and activating macrophages to produce inflammatory cytokines in chronic inflammation-associated diseases such as obesity-associated metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. here, we asked whether and how angptl2 activates macrophages in the innate immune response. ...201627402837
licoflavonol is an inhibitor of the type three secretion system of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.as an important food-borne human pathogen, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium depends on its type iii secretion system (t3ss) as a major virulence factor to cause disease all over the world. the t3ss secretes effector proteins to facilitate invasion into host cells. in this study, twenty prenylated flavonoids (1-20) were screened for their anti-t3ss activity, revealing that several analogs exhibited strong inhibitory effects on the secretion of salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1)-asso ...201627387231
beneficial effects of sodium phenylbutyrate administration during infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.sodium phenylbutyrate (pba) is a derivative of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate and is approved for treatment of urea cycle disorders and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2. previously known functions include histone deacetylase inhibitor, endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor, ammonia sink, and chemical chaperone. here, we show that pba has a previously undiscovered protective role in host mucosal defense during infection. administration of pba to taconic mice resulted in ...201627382022
igg subclasses targeting the flagella of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium can mediate phagocytosis and bacterial killing.invasive non-typhoidal salmonella are a common cause of invasive disease in immuno-compromised individuals and in children. multi-drug resistance poses challenges to disease control, with a critical need for effective vaccines. flagellin is an attractive vaccine candidate due to surface exposure and high epitope copy number, but its potential as a target for opsonophacytic antibodies is unclear. we examined the effect of targeting flagella with different classes of igg on the interaction between ...201627366588
transfer of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium from beef to tomato through kitchen equipment and the efficacy of intermediate decontamination procedures.it is well established that a high percentage of foodborne illness is caused by failure of consumers to prepare food in a hygienic manner. indeed, a common practice in households is to use the same kitchen equipment for both raw meat and fresh produce. such a practice may lead to cross-contamination of fruits and vegetables, which are mainly consumed without further processing, with pathogenic microorganisms originating from raw meat. the present study was performed to examine the transfer of th ...201627357047
trna(pro) -mediated downregulation of elongation factor p is required for mgtcbr expression during salmonella infection.bacterial ribosome requires elongation factor p to translate fragments harbouring consecutive proline codons. given the abundance of orfs with potential ef-p regulated sites, ef-p was assumed to be constitutively expressed. here, we report that the intracellular pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium decreases efp mrna levels during course of infection. we determined that the decrease in efp mrna is triggered by low levels of charged trna(pro) , a condition that salmonella experiences ...201627350030
hydrosol of thymbra capitata is a highly efficient biocide against salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium biofilms.salmonella is recognized as one of the most significant enteric foodborne bacterial pathogens. in recent years, the resistance of pathogens to biocides and other environmental stresses, especially when they are embedded in biofilm structures, has led to the search for and development of novel antimicrobial strategies capable of displaying both high efficiency and safety. in this direction, the aims of the present work were to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of hydrosol of the mediterranean s ...201627342550
salmonella mitigates oxidative stress and thrives in the inflamed gut by evading calprotectin-mediated manganese sequestration.neutrophils hinder bacterial growth by a variety of antimicrobial mechanisms, including the production of reactive oxygen species and the secretion of proteins that sequester nutrients essential to microbes. a major player in this process is calprotectin, a host protein that exerts antimicrobial activity by chelating zinc and manganese. here we show that the intestinal pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium uses specialized metal transporters to evade calprotectin sequestration of mang ...201627281571
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