Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| molecular analysis of non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae associated with an unusual upsurge in the incidence of cholera-like disease in calcutta, india. | there was an inexplicable upsurge in the incidence of non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae among hospitalized patients admitted to the infectious diseases hospital, calcutta, india, between february and march 1996. of the 18 strains of v. cholerae isolated during this period, 15 belonged to the non-o1, non-o139 serogroups (4 belonged to o144, 3 belonged to o11, 1 each belonged to o6, o8, o12, o19, o39, and o58, and 2 strains could not be typed), 2 belonged to the o139 serogroup, and 1 belonged to th ... | 1998 | 9508308 |
| molecular evidence that a distinct vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor strain in calcutta may have spread to the african continent. | we present molecular evidence that a distinct genotype of vibrio cholerae o1 which appeared in calcutta, india, in september 1993 and which is characterized by a unique ribotype that is not found in the standardized ribotyping scheme of v. cholerae and that shows a specific pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile may have spread to the west african country of guinea-bissau where it was responsible for an epidemic of cholera which began in october 1994 and continued into 1996. | 1998 | 9508329 |
| emerging infectious diseases and travel medicine. | international movement of individuals, populations, and products is one of the major factors associated with the emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases as the pace of global travel and commerce increases rapidly. travel can be associated with disease emergence because (1) the disease arises in an area of heavy tourism, (2) tourists may be at heightened risk because of their activities, or (3) because they can act as vectors to transport the agent to new areas. examples of recently reco ... | 1998 | 9494841 |
| rise of cytosolic ca2+ and activation of membrane-bound guanylyl cyclase activity in rat enterocytes by heat-stable enterotoxin of vibrio cholerae non-01. | the cytosolic calcium level ([ca2+]i) and the membrane-bound guanylyl cyclase activity in the isolated rat intestinal epithelial cells were investigated. heat-stable enterotoxin of vibrio cholerae non-01 (nag-st) was found to increase both the [ca2+]i and the enzyme activity. these changes occur similarly until 5 min of incubation with nag-st, indicating that these changes might be involved in nag-st induced signal transduction in rat enterocytes. | 1998 | 9495023 |
| a vibrio cholerae pathogenicity island associated with epidemic and pandemic strains. | the bacterial species vibrio cholerae includes harmless aquatic strains as well as strains capable of causing epidemics and global pandemics of cholera. while investigating the relationship between pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains, we identified a chromosomal pathogenicity island (pai) that is present in epidemic and pandemic strains but absent from nonpathogenic strains. initially, two toxr-regulated genes (alda and taga) were studied and were found to be associated with epidemic and pandem ... | 1998 | 9501228 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of vibrio cholerae isolates from a recent cholera outbreak in senegal: comparison with isolates from guinea-bissau. | a total of 127 strains of vibrio cholerae (117 v. cholerae o1 and 10 nonagglutinating strains) isolated from a recent cholera outbreak in senegal and four strains isolated in guinea-bissau (during the survey of a cholera epidemic that occurred 10 months before the senegalese one) were analyzed. strains were characterized by conventional methods (biochemical and serologic identification, susceptibility to antimicrobial agents), polymerase chain reaction for genes encoding cholera toxin (ctxa), zo ... | 1998 | 9502599 |
| change of ganglioside accessibility at the plasma membrane surface of cultured neurons, following protein kinase c activation. | while the mechanism of signal transduction across the plasma membrane from the exo- to the endoplasmic side has been extensively investigated, the possible return of messages back to the outer layer is less known. we studied the effect of protein kinase c activation on the ganglioside accessibility at the exoplasmic face of intact rat cerebellar granule cells in culture, using the enzyme sialidase as the probing molecule. under the experimental conditions (1 milliunit/ml enzyme, 2 min incubation ... | 1998 | 9485467 |
| ph-independent retrograde targeting of glycolipids to the golgi complex. | a small fraction of the molecules internalized by endocytosis reaches the golgi complex through a retrograde pathway that is poorly understood. in the present work, we used bacterial toxins to study the retrograde pathway in vero cells. the recombinant b subunit of verotoxin 1b (vt1b) was labeled with fluorescein to monitor its progress within the cell by confocal microscopy. this toxin, which binds specifically to the glycolipid globotriaosyl ceramide, entered endosomes by both clathrin-depende ... | 1998 | 9486120 |
| structural analysis of the o-antigenic polysaccharide from vibrio mimicus n-1990. | the o-antigenic polysaccharide part of the lipopolysaccharide from vibrio mimicus n-1990 has been investigated. sugar and methylation analysis of native and dephosphorylated polysaccharide together with nmr spectroscopy show that the polysaccharide is composed of tetrasaccharide repeating units. the structure of the repeating unit of the polysaccharide from v. mimicus n-1990 could be determined as: -->4)-alpha-d-galpnac-(1-->3)-beta-d-galpnac-(1-->2)-4,6-p-beta-d-galp-( 1-->3)-alpha-d-galpnac-(1 ... | 1998 | 9490076 |
| inactivation of two haemolytic toxin genes in aeromonas hydrophila attenuates virulence in a suckling mouse model. | the contribution of two unrelated aeromonas hydrophila beta-haemolytic toxins to virulence was assessed in a suckling mouse model. the first haemolysin gene, isolated from an a. hydrophila a6 cosmid bank, encoded a potential gene product of 621 amino acids and a predicted molecular size of 69.0 kda. the inferred amino acid sequence showed 89% identity to the ahh1 haemolysin of a. hydrophila atcc 7966, and 51% identity to the hlya haemolysin of vibrio cholerae ei tor strain o17. the second haemol ... | 1998 | 9493366 |
| characterization and possible functions of a new filamentous bacteriophage from vibrio cholerae o139. | the emergence and rapid rise to dominance of vibrio cholerae o139 in india and bangladesh in 1992 led to the consideration that choleraphage might serve as both a selective mechanism and a means for horizontal transmission of genetic information. a filamentous phage '493' from o139 strain aj27-493 has been purified and partially characterized. the phage was inactive on classical biotype v. cholerae o1 but it was active on el tor biotype strains isolated prior to 1994 when el tor re-emerged in ba ... | 1998 | 9493369 |
| lipopolysaccharide o-antigen expression and the effect of its absence on virulence in rfb mutants of vibrio cholerae o1. | using defined rfb mutants, defective in the biosynthesis of the o-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide (lps), and monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the a, b and c lps antigens, we have examined the distribution of the antigens and the effects of their loss. by immunogold electron microscopy, it has been possible to determine the relative amounts of the a, b and c antigens on inaba and ogawa cells, confirming previous studies based upon bacterial agglutination and hemagglutination inhibitions. these a ... | 1998 | 9514575 |
| heterogeneity in the organization of the ctx genetic element in strains of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal isolated from calcutta, india and dhaka, bangladesh and its possible link to the dissimilar incidence of o139 cholera in the two locales. | after a lapse of 33 months, vibrio cholerae o139, the new serogroup associated with cholera, has re-emerged in calcutta, india and has become the dominant serogroup causing cholera from september 1996. in neighbouring bangladesh, v. cholerae o1 biotype el tor continues to be the dominant cause of cholera with the o139 serogroup accounting for only a small proportion of cases. comparison of the phenotypic traits of representative o139 strains from calcutta and dhaka isolated between december 1996 ... | 1998 | 9514639 |
| new cholera phages for vibrio cholerae serovar o139. | 1998 | 9515688 | |
| use of signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis to identify vibrio cholerae genes critical for colonization. | the pathogenesis of cholera begins with colonization of the host intestine by vibrio cholerae. the toxin co-regulated pilus (tcp), a fimbrial structure produced by v. cholerae, is absolutely required for colonization (i.e. the persistence, survival and growth of v. cholerae in the upper intestinal milieu), but many other aspects of the colonization process are not well understood. in this study, we use signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis (stm) to conduct a screen for random insertion mutatio ... | 1998 | 9515705 |
| changes in the periplasmic linker and in the expression level affect the activity of toxr and lambda-toxr fusion proteins in escherichia coli. | in order to assess the potentiality of vibrio cholerae toxr protein and of bacteriophage lambda repressor as indicators of the dimerization of periplasmic proteins in escherichia coli, we have constructed a series of plasmids encoding transmembrane fusion proteins. the amino-terminal part, containing the dna binding domain of either toxr or lambda repressor, is located in the cytoplasm and acts as reporter for dimerization. as models of periplasmic proteins we have used alkaline phosphatase (a d ... | 1998 | 9515742 |
| efficacy of oral hyposmolar glucose-based and rice-based oral rehydration salt solutions in the treatment of cholera in adults. | recent animal experiments and clinical trials have shown that both osmolarity and rice as the organic components are important factors for net intestinal absorption of an oral rehydration salt solution. | 1998 | 9517526 |
| selective tolerization of th1-like cells after nasal administration of a cholera toxoid-lack conjugate. | recent reports have suggested that after infection of balb/c mice with leishmania major, cd4+ t cells responding to a single antigen, lack (leishmania homologue of receptors for activated c kinase), drive the differentiation of other responding t cells to the th2 phenotype and so allow lesion development to occur. transgenic mice expressing lack in the thymus are tolerant to lack and thus resolve infection with l. major. the oral administration of soluble protein to mice has been shown to result ... | 1998 | 9521049 |
| production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin of vibrio cholerae. | we have generated murine monoclonal antibodies (mab) against vibrio cholerae mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (msha) using conventional hybridoma procedures. seven hybridomas were obtained and one characterized. hybridoma 2f12/f1 secreted an antibody of the igg3 type that reacted with a 17-kda antigen corresponding to the product of the msha gene. this mab inhibited mannose-sensitive agglutination of chicken erythrocytes by el tor and o139 vibrios. vibrios expressing msha activity inhibited bindi ... | 1998 | 9523239 |
| human matrix metalloprotease activation by insults of bacterial infection involving proteases and free radicals. | we found that human matrix metalloproteases (mmps) may be processed from their proenzyme forms (prommp) to their active forms by two new and unique mechanisms: firstly, by bacterial proteases such as pseudomonas elastase and vibrio cholerae protease, which cleave off the n-terminal autoinhibitory domain (so-called cysteine switch) from prommps. the second mechanism depends on free radical generation by activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns). in this case, peroxynitrite (onoo-) or nitrogen ... | 1998 | 9524071 |
| the interaction of the vibrio cholerae transcription factors, fur and irgb, with the overlapping promoters of two virulence genes, irga and irgb. | irga, a virulence gene in vibrio cholerae, encodes a 77kda outer membrane protein. irga expression is activated by irgb, which encodes a lysr-type transcription factor and is divergently transcribed from a promoter overlapping that of irga. expression of irga and irgb is repressed by iron and fur. a 200bp dna fragment containing the irga-irgb intergenic region was inserted between the escherichia coli phoa and lacz genes, respectively, to generate operon fusions to the two promoters, and this co ... | 1998 | 9524224 |
| adhesive property of toxin-coregulated pilus of vibrio cholerae o1. | the adhesive property of toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) to the human intestine jejunum), and whether or not tcp mediates the adhesion of vibrio cholerae 395 organisms to the intestinal epithelium were investigated using visually proving methods. the purified tcp did not agglutinate human erythrocytes nor adhere to the surface of human intestinal epithelium. v. cholerae 395 adhered to the epithelium, but the adhesion was not inhibited by blocking the pili with the fab fraction of anti-tcp igg. the ... | 1998 | 9525778 |
| association of a disease approximating cholera caused by vibrio cholerae of serogroups other than o1 and o139. | one hundred and six patients suffering from severe dehydrating diarrhoea were studied of whom 36 patients were positive for vibrio cholerae. out of 36, 15 were positive for v. cholerae o1, 10 for v. cholerae o139 and 11 for v. cholerae non-o1 non-o139. o1 and o139 were positive for the 301-bp ctxa amplicon and 471-bp tcpa amplicon indicating that the strains possessed toxigenic capability whereas no non-o1 non-o139 strain possessed ctxa or tcpa genes. post-admission severity of purging and amoun ... | 1998 | 9528811 |
| a recombinant live attenuated strain of vibrio cholerae induces immunity against tetanus toxin and bordetella pertussis tracheal colonization factor. | an attenuated strain of vibrio cholerae was used as a carrier for the expression of heterologous antigens such as fragment c from tetanus toxin (tetc) and tracheal colonization factor from bordetella pertussis (tcf). in vitro, high levels of protein were obtained when the escherichia coli nirb promoter was used and the bacteria were grown with low aeration. intranasal immunization of mice with iem101 expressing tetc elicited serum vibriocidal activity and induced antibodies against tetanus toxin ... | 1998 | 9529093 |
| [the etiology of el tor cholera]. | vibrio cholerae eltor has been shown to exist in two variants: epidemic (v. cholerae eltor hly-, tox+) and nonepidemic, or endemic (v. cholerae eltor hly+, tox-); each of these variants determines the corresponding form of manifestation of the infection among the population and requires a differentiated complex of antiepidemic measures, as well as different tactics for the treatment of patients. | 1998 | 9532681 |
| characterization of a 20-kda pilus protein expressed by a diarrheogenic strain of non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae. | a diarrheogenic strain of non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae (10,325) belonging to serogroup o34 was earlier shown to express a new type of pilus composed of a 20-kda subunit protein. amino-terminal sequence data (determined up to 20 amino acid residues) of this protein showed it to be different from the subunit proteins of other known types of pili of v. cholerae. on the other hand, it showed complete homology with the corresponding sequence of a 22-kda outer membrane protein (ompw) of v. cholerae ... | 1998 | 9532736 |
| rapid detection of vibrio cholerae o1 in west africa. | 1998 | 9433429 | |
| tcpp protein is a positive regulator of virulence gene expression in vibrio cholerae. | the production of several virulence factors in vibrio cholerae o1, including cholera toxin and the pilus colonization factor tcp (toxin-coregulated pilus), is strongly influenced by environmental conditions. to specifically identify membrane proteins involved in these signal transduction events, we examined a transposon library of v. cholerae generated by tnbla mutagenesis for cells that produce tcp when grown under various nonpermissive conditions. to select for tcp-producing cells we used the ... | 1998 | 9435261 |
| toxr-independent expression of cholera toxin from the replicative form of ctxphi. | the ctxab operon, which encodes cholera toxin, resides in the genome of ctxphi, a filamentous bacteriophage. within vibrio cholerae cells, the ctxphi genome can exist either as a replicating plasmid or as a prophage integrated into the chromosome. previous work established that toxr is required for chromosomal ctxab expression. we have learned that strains harboring the ctxphi replicative form produce cholera toxin under all conditions tested, independently of toxr. during passage of ctxphi lyso ... | 1998 | 9423889 |
| bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps)-specific antibodies in commercial human immunoglobulin preparations: superior antibody content of an igm-enriched product. | the anti-lps antibody content of commercial intravenous immunoglobulins was examined by quantitative elisa using lps preparations from escherichia coli, klebsiella and pseudomonas aeruginosa o serotypes occurring most frequently in gram-negative septicaemia. three igg products from different manufacturers and one igm-enriched product were tested. mean antibody levels were significantly higher in the igm fraction of the igm-enriched product compared with 'pure' igg products, indicating that natur ... | 1998 | 9472665 |
| role of rpos in stress survival and virulence of vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae is known to persist in aquatic environments under nutrient-limiting conditions. to analyze the possible involvement of the alternative sigma factor encoded by rpos, which is shown to be important for survival during nutrient deprivation in several other bacterial species, a v. cholerae rpos homolog was cloned by functional complementation of an escherichia coli mutant by using a wild-type genomic library. sequence analysis of the complementing clone revealed an 1.008-bp open read ... | 1998 | 9473029 |
| ordered cloned dna map of the genome of vibrio cholerae 569b and localization of genetic markers. | by using a low-resolution macrorestriction map as the foundation (r. majumder et al., j. bacteriol. 176:1105-1112, 1996), an ordered cloned dna map of the 3.2-mb chromosome of the hypertoxinogenic strain 569b of vibrio cholerae has been constructed. a cosmid library the size of about 4,000 clones containing more than 120 mb of v. cholerae genomic dna (40-genome equivalent) was generated. by combining landmark analysis and chromosome walking, the cosmid clones were assembled into 13 contigs cover ... | 1998 | 9473045 |
| isolation and characterization of a putative multidrug resistance pump from vibrio cholerae. | multidrug-resistant strains of vibrio cholerae (the causative agent of the diarrhoeal disease cholera) have recently been described. in an attempt to identify a homologue of the escherichia coli tolc in v. cholerae, we isolated a dna fragment (pvc) that enabled an e. coli tolc mutant to grow in the presence of 0.05% deoxycholate (doc). however, other tolc defects were not complemented. nucleotide sequence analysis of this fragment revealed the presence of two open reading frames (orf1 and orf2) ... | 1998 | 9466256 |
| on the antigenic determinants of the lipopolysaccharides of vibrio cholerae o:1, serotypes ogawa and inaba. | monoclonal, murine igg1s s-20-4, a-20-6, and iga 2d6, directed against vibrio cholerae o:1 ogawa-lipopolysaccharide exhibited the same fine specificities and similar affinities for the synthetic methyl alpha-glycosides of the (oligo)saccharide fragments mimicking the ogawa o-polysaccharide (o-ps). they did not react with the corresponding synthetic fragments of inaba o-ps. igg1s s-20-4 and a-20-6 have absolute affinity constants for synthetic ogawa mono- to hexasaccharides of from approximately ... | 1998 | 9446585 |
| emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in strains of vibrio cholerae isolated from hospitalized patients with acute diarrhea in calcutta, india. | 1998 | 9449291 | |
| antibodies and antibody-secreting cells in the female genital tract after vaginal or intranasal immunization with cholera toxin b subunit or conjugates. | we studied the antibody response including antibody-secreting cells (asc) in the female genital tract of mice after mucosal immunizations with the recombinant b subunit of cholera toxin (rctb) perorally, intraperitoneally, vaginally, and intranasally (i.n.). the strongest genital antibody responses as measured with a novel perfusion-extraction method were induced after vaginal and i.n. immunizations, and these routes also gave rise to specific immunoglobulin a (iga) and igg asc in the genital mu ... | 1998 | 9453604 |
| investigation of the roles of toxin-coregulated pili and mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin pili in the pathogenesis of vibrio cholerae o139 infection. | in this study, adult volunteers were fed tcpa and msha deletion mutants of v. cholerae o139 strain cvd 112 to determine the role of toxin-coregulated pili (tcp) and mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (msha) in intestinal colonization. eight of 10 volunteers who received cvd 112 or cvd 112 delta msha shed the vaccine strains in their stools; the geometric mean peak excretion for both groups was 1.4 x 10(5) cfu/g of stool. in contrast, only one of nine recipients of cvd 112 delta tcpa shed vibrios in ... | 1998 | 9453628 |
| use of representational difference analysis to identify genomic differences between pathogenic strains of vibrio cholerae. | representational difference analysis (rda) is a recently developed technique used for amplifying genetic differences between two closely related genomes. we compared rda and a modified version of rda to examine genomic differences between the two vibrio cholerae serogroups that cause epidemic cholera, o1 and o139, and between the two biotypes of the o1 serogroup. with both techniques, we recovered several sequences known to be found only in v. cholerae o139 but absent in its presumed progenitor, ... | 1998 | 9453654 |
| induction of fimbriated vibrio cholerae o139. | several fimbriated phases of vibrio cholerae o139 strains were selectively induced and compared immunologically and biochemically with those of v. cholerae o1. fimbrial antigens were detected on the surfaces of vibrio cells colonizing the epithelial cells of a rabbit small intestine. convalescent-phase sera from six individuals infected with v. cholerae o139 revealed the development of antibody against the fimbrillin. these findings suggest that the fimbriae of v. cholerae o1 and o139 are expres ... | 1998 | 9455882 |
| analysis of bacillus subtilis tagab and tagdef expression during phosphate starvation identifies a repressor role for phop-p. | the tagab and tagdef operons, which are adjacent and divergently transcribed, encode genes responsible for cell wall teichoic acid synthesis in bacillus subtilis. the bacillus data presented here suggest that phop and phor are required for direct repression of transcription of the two operons under phosphate starvation conditions but have no regulatory role under phosphate-replete conditions. these data identify for the first time that phop-p has a negative role in pho regulon gene regulation. | 1998 | 9457886 |
| a functional homolog of escherichia coli nhar in vibrio cholerae. | escherichia coli nhar controls expression of a sodium/proton (na+/h+) antiporter, nhaa. the vibrio cholerae nhar protein shows over 60% identity to those of escherichia coli and salmonella enteritidis. v. cholerae nhar complements an e. coli nhar mutant for growth in 100 mm licl-33 mm nacl, ph 7.6, and enhances the na+-dependent induction of an e. coli chromosomal nhaa::lacz fusion. these findings indicate functional homology to e. coli nhar. two v. cholerae nhar mutants were constructed by usin ... | 1998 | 9457888 |
| differential regulation of multiple flagellins in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the human diarrheal disease cholera, is a motile bacterium with a single polar flagellum. motility has been implicated as a virulence determinant in some animal models of cholera, but the relationship between motility and virulence has not yet been clearly defined. we have begun to define the regulatory circuitry controlling motility. we have identified five v. cholerae flagellin genes, arranged in two chromosomal loci, flaac and flaedb; all five genes hav ... | 1998 | 9440520 |
| [a case of cholerae o-139]. | 1998 | 9656715 | |
| prevalence of vibrio cholerae o(1) infection in manacapuru, amazonas state, brazil (1992) | this study focused on the prevalence of v. cholerae o(1) infection in 1,196 individuals living in manacapuru, amazonas state, through microtitering of vibriocidal antibody and somatic agglutination test. the role of living conditions and individual characteristics as possible risk factors for infection was also assessed. vibriocidal titers >/= 1: 40 and/or agglutinating titers >/= 1: 80 were considered indicators of v. cholerae o(1) infection. infection prevalence was 25.7%. there was no signifi ... | 1998 | 9658217 |
| molecular characterization of vibrio cholerae o1 strains isolated in romania. | a collection of 89 vibrio cholerae o1 strains, isolated in romania between 1977 and 1994, and 6 strains from the republic of moldavia, was characterized by ribotyping, toxin gene restriction pattern (toxinogenotype) and distribution of cholera toxin gene (ctx), accessory toxin gene (ace) and zonula occludens toxin gene (zot). after bg/i endonuclease restriction of chromosomal dna, a total of 18 ribotypes and 21 toxinogenotypes were distinguished. deletions in the core region of the toxin gene ca ... | 1998 | 9921581 |
| ribotypes of clinical vibrio cholerae non-o1 non-o139 strains in relation to o-serotypes. | the emergence of vibrio cholerae o139 in 1992 and reports of an increasing number of other non-o1 serogroups being associated with diarrhoea, stimulated us to characterize v. cholerae non-o1 non-o139 strains received at the national institute of infectious diseases, japan for serotyping. ribotyping with the restriction enzyme bgli of 103 epidemiological unrelated mainly clinical strains representing 10 o-serotypes yielded 67 different typing patterns. ribotype similarity within each serotype was ... | 1998 | 10030702 |
| detection of genes encoding cholera toxin (ct), zonula occludens toxin (zot), accessory cholera enterotoxin (ace) and heat-stable enterotoxin (st) in vibrio mimicus clinical strains. | a total of 51 clinical strains of vibrio mimicus were searched for the presence of virulence-associated genes, like ctx, zot or ace genes which locate in "cholera virulence cassette," and the st gene by polymerase chain reaction. moreover, the pathological potential of each clinical strain was also examined by rabbit ileal loop (ril). three strains showed to have the ctx gene, of which only one strain was zot gene-positive. meanwhile, one other strain was zot+ but ctx-. all of these four strains ... | 1998 | 10037216 |
| emergence of cholera in the central african republic. | 1998 | 10052560 | |
| [resistance of respiratory and enteral bacteria to antibiotics]. | 1998 | 9927887 | |
| [vibrio cholerae non 01 sepsis in a healthy patient: review of reported cases in spain]. | 1998 | 9930015 | |
| [an update on cholera infection]. | 1998 | 9932009 | |
| [analysis of vibrio cholerae hemolysins using monolayer continuous cell cultures]. | the comparative study of the preparations of v.cholerae hemolysins of different serovars with the use of continuous cell lines cho-k1, vero, hela, l-929 was carried out. the preparations of hemolysins isolated from such strains as v.cholerae 569b, v.eltor 9949, v.cholerae o-mut 461/67-34 differed in their biological activity on experimental animal models and had different cytotoxic activity. the preparations exhibiting no activity when tested in vivo (v.cholerae and v.eltor hemolysins) were ceto ... | 1998 | 9949497 |
| comparison of survival of diarrhoeagenic agents in two local weaning foods (ogi and koko). | the ph values of both cooked and uncooked ogi and koko samples were determined and the survival rate of four diarrhoeagenic agents, enteroinvasive escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri, and vibrio cholerae were studied after they were seeded into cooked ogi and koko. analysis of the ph of the cooked inoculated samples showed that there was a slight increase in ph (decrease in acidity) during storage for 48 h and 37 degrees c (from 3.5 to 3.7 for ogi and from 3.7 to 4.1 for koko). ... | 1998 | 9972074 |
| neonatal dietary gangliosides. | gangliosides are glycosphingolipids that are widely distributed in vertebrate tissues and body fluids and which are specially abundant in neural tissues. milk from different species has a particular ganglioside content and profile. human milk has a higher content of gangliosides than bovine milk. gd3 and gm3 are the predominant individual gangliosides in bovine milk. in human colostrum gd3 is also the main ganglioside whereas in human mature milk gm3 predominates over the other gangliosides. hum ... | 1998 | 10102661 |
| [cholera in africa and in latin america]. | 1998 | 10078375 | |
| [the current status of research on a cholera vaccine]. | cholera remains today a major health problem in most developing countries. the long-term control of cholera depends on the improvement of hygiene but this is a distant goal for many countries. the availability of an effective cholera vaccine is thus important for the prevention of cholera in such countries. more than a century after the first attempt to vaccinate against cholera by ferran in spain, there is still no truly effective cholera vaccine. a bacterial fraction vaccine, referred to as ch ... | 1998 | 10078377 |
| [traveller's diarrhea: which vaccines?]. | diarrheal diseases are a major cause of child morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. it is estimated that diarrheal diseases and typhoid fever cause around 2.5 million deaths per year in the world. four bacteria and one virus share this responsibility: shigella spp, escherichia coli etec, vibrio cholerae, salmonella typhi and rotavirus. people travelling in countries with high endemicity of diarrhoeal diseases risk facing these four bacteria or the less common rotavirus, ... | 1998 | 10078386 |
| [survival of vibrio cholerae 01 in freshwater surface and endemic cholera: a geological hypothesis]. | the danger that cholera is becoming endemic in latin america makes it imperative to know the geographic location of aquatic environments where ecological conditions favor long-term survival of the toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 el tor biotype, and such aquatic environments should be sampled to determine if they harbor this microorganism. for efficient and effective sampling, it would be useful to know what kinds of waters are ecologically suitable for the survival of this pathogen during periods b ... | 1998 | 9924512 |
| repair of bhk cell surface ganglioside gm3 after its degradation by extracellular sialidase. | treatment of bhk fibroblasts with v. cholerae sialidase for 20 min caused the breakdown of about 70% of total cellular ganglioside gm3 and the production of an approximately equivalent amount of lactosylceramide. on removal of the enzyme, a slow resynthesis of gm3 from lactosylceramide was observed, equivalent to about 5-6%/h of the degraded gm3. resynthesis of degraded surface ganglioside has not previously been observed, but its magnitude is similar to previous measurements of the rate of prot ... | 1998 | 10087510 |
| [discovery of ten strains of non-o1 vibrio cholerae pigmentogens]. | to study the distribution of non-o1 vibrio cholerae pigmentogens in water and its biological characteristics and pathogenicity. | 1998 | 10322778 |
| cholera in the 1990s. | two strains of vibrio cholerae are currently significant in cholera: a remnant from the sixth pandemic (1899-1923) still present in south asia and the seventh pandemic strain which emerged in 1961. the 1990s were marked by spread of the seventh pandemic to south america in 1991 and appearance of an o139 form of the seventh pandemic strain in 1992 (or possibly 1991), which in 1993 predominated in some areas but then declined. molecular analysis showed that the sixth and the seventh pandemic clone ... | 1998 | 10326288 |
| [the excretion pattern and protective capacity in rabbits orally immunized with attenuated strains of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor]. | in order to study the excretion patterns, colonization and protective capacity of live attenuated strains of vibrio cholerae o1. el tor, rabbits were immunized in new zealand with these strains and their corresponding parental strains. 2 doses were administered by the model of oral inoculation in adult rabbits. rabbits were rotated 2 weeks after the second dose by the model of ligated intestine with highly virulent strains of v. cholerae o1 ogawa and inaba serotypes and o139 serogroup. it was pr ... | 1998 | 10349429 |
| an outbreak of el tor cholera associated with a tribal funeral in irian jaya, indonesia. | an outbreak of el tor biotype cholera occurring in a rural village in irian jaya, indonesia was evaluated for risk factors associated with death from cholera. among those dying in the village during the epidemic, a significant association between membership in one of the five tribal groups in the village complex was associated with an elevated risk of suffering a cholera death (odds ratio = 5.9). interviews with members of the decedents' families revealed a very strong association (odds ratio = ... | 1998 | 10437955 |
| preliminary report on genotyping of vibrio cholerae non-o1 isolates in taiwan by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | 1998 | 10496169 | |
| action against vibrio cholerae o1 tox+ of chemical products used in the lemon production. | tucuman is the first lemon exporting province in argentina and the fourth lemon exporter in the world. the present work was set up to study the survival of vibrio cholerae o1 tox+ after application of different chemical products used in the lemon production (from its cultivation until its packing). the following products were studied: copper oxychloride, benomil (a carbamate), active chlorine, sodium-o-phenylphenoate, guazatine (a polyamine mixture), imazalil (an imidazole) and fresh and dehydra ... | 1998 | 10932739 |
| evaluation of the cholera spot test: a chromatographic immunoassay for the rapid detection of cholera antigen. | a chromatographic immunoassay cholera antigen detection kit, the cholera spot test, was evaluated. the test was found to be specific with a sensitivity of 10(6) cfu/ml for the direct detection of v. cholerae in simulated stool specimens and 10 cfu/ml in simulated cotton-tipped swab specimens after overnight incubation in alkaline peptone water. this enables early recognition of cholera cases and their contacts so that prevention and control measures can be promptly instituted. | 1998 | 10879261 |
| intraduodenal inoculation of adult rabbits for evaluating the immunogenicity of genetically attenuated vibrio cholerae strains. | 1998 | 10090073 | |
| differences among marine and hospital strains of vibrio cholerae during peruvian epidemic. | during a period of 18 months of an epidemic of vibrio cholerae, cultures from 450 samples of fish, shellfish and seawater were isolated. the highest frequencies of occurrence observed were 5.2% in fish from inshore waters, 3.9% in marine snails, and 1.8% in mussels and crabs. no incidents were isolated from cultures of fish in the open seas or cultures from frozen shrimp. cultures of marine origin were compared with cultures from hospitalized patients, and these revealed marked serological and t ... | 1998 | 12501290 |
| acute secretory traveller's diarrhoea caused by vibrio cholerae which does not belong to the o1 or o139 serogroup. | 1998 | 10997178 | |
| conformational differences among mono- and oligosaccharide fragments of o-specific polysaccharides of vibrio cholerae o1 revealed by circular dichroism. | the circular dichroism (cd) of synthetic mono- and oligosaccharides that represent the terminal, non-reducing group of o-antigens of vibrio cholerae o1 from the subtypes ogawa and inaba was measured in various solvents. we found differences in the cd of the monosaccharides of these subtypes that decrease with increasing chain lengths of the oligosaccharides. the differences can be explained by different orientations of the n-acyl side chain of the terminal monosaccharides. the linear relationshi ... | 1998 | 10230041 |
| staging of myeloma. a preliminary study of staging factors and treatment in different stages. | attempts were made to find prognostic factors in myeloma. in 16 deceased patients, urinary light chains, skeletal lesions, and the quantity of the monoclonal protein fraction in the serum were correlated to prognosis, in contrast to the electrophoretic mobility of the monoclonal fraction, the hemoglobin, the serum creatinine value, the serum calcium, or the intestinal calcium absorption. skeletal calcium uptake was only numerically higher in mild myeloma than in advanced myeloma. since these fin ... | 1998 | 106448 |
| treated stage iib hodgkin's disease complicated by late paraplegia. | 1998 | 105595 | |
| [colo-rectal carcinomas: a challenge]. | 1998 | 108581 | |
| retrospect and prospect of electron microscopy in japan: biology/virology. | 1998 | 2809471 | |
| [the cranio-carpo-tarsal dysplasia syndrome in a 6-year-old girl (whistling-face syndrome)]. | 1998 | 106974 | |
| health expenditure 1978/79. | 1998 | 104698 | |
| influence of exchange volume and dialysate flow rate on solute clearance in peritoneal dialysis. | to find the ideal dialysate flow rate and exchange volume for use in long-term peritoneal dialysis, 10 patients were studied over a period of 1.5 yr. exchange volumes of 1 or 2 liters and dialysate flow rates of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 liters/hr were tested. dextrose concentration remained constant at 1.5 g/100 ml. peritoneal clearances for bun, creatinine, and uric acid were calculated at 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 hr during dialysis making a total of 120 clearances for each patient. all patients used a re ... | 1998 | 108449 |
| [endocrine function before and after treatment in patients with anorexia nervosa (author's transl)]. | in order to investigate changes in endocrine function, various tests were performed on eleven patients with anorexia nervosa. in two of them, endocrine function before and after treatment was also studied. the responses of plasma lh and fsh to lh-rh were decreased in the patients as were plasma lh-rh, and lh and fsh responses to the oral administration of clomiphene citrate. in more than half of the cases, plasma tsh showed a delayed response to trh. the basal levels of plasma gh were elevated, ... | 1998 | 108140 |
| a versatile primate cage for a multiple use facility. | a mobile-transport-squeeze cage for primates was constructed. the cage contained a clear plastic guillotine door, squeeze apparatus, ventilation holes and locking casters. the squeeze apparatus could be operated by one person. | 1998 | 108471 |
| non-hodgkin's lymphoma of waldeyer's ring: an appraisal of therapeutic effect. | from july 1978 to june 1987, non-hodgkin's lymphoma was diagnosed in 667 patients at chang gung memorial hospital. forty-eight (7%) patients presented primarily with involvement of waldeyer's ring; their provisional clinical stage was i or ii. the tonsils represented the most frequent site of involvement within waldeyer's ring. a work-up showed 33.3% of patients with stage i, 50% with stage ii, 8.3% with stage iii and 8.3% with stage iv. all the patients had diffuse lymphomas. diffuse large cell ... | 1998 | 2809560 |
| association between life stress and serious perinatal complications. | the association between stressful life changes, social supports, and serious complications of pregnancy was measured in 513 women obtaining prenatal care in four rural family practices. those women whose life change score (lcs) increased from the second to the third trimester had a significantly higher rate of poor outcomes (neonatal death, transfer to a neonatal intensive care unit, birthweight less than 2500 g or 5-minute apgar score less than 7) than those whose lcs did not increase (9.2% vs ... | 1998 | 2809521 |
| the impaired health care professional. | 1998 | 2809520 | |
| family practice obstetrics in connecticut. | 1998 | 2809519 | |
| sjogren's syndrome. dental role in providing relief. | this oftentimes underappreciated disease carries with it severe dental implications, all of which can affect the patient's quality of life. while there is no cure, it is possible to manage disease symptoms and to prevent irreversible dental damage. | 1998 | 1508470 |
| permeability of amino acids into liposomes. | 1. a simple and rapid assay for the measurement of permeability of amino acids into liposome membrane was carried out by using the liposomes trapping d-amino acid oxidase (d-amino acid: o2 oxidoreductase (deaminating), ec 1.4.3.3) inside the membrane. 2. permeability of amino acids into liposomes depended on the lipid composition of the membrane. permeability of amino acids into phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol liposomes depended critically on temperature. 3. permeability also depended on the str ... | 1998 | 21692 |
| [hypothalamic peptide hormones]. | after a review of the significance of the releasing and inhibiting polypeptide hormones of the hypothalamus, the clinical significance of the gonadotropin-releasing-hormone and the thyrotropin releasing hormone, is discussed in detail. | 1998 | 110023 |
| [transparency list--a final word]. | 1998 | 108540 | |
| the consumer and health care costs. | 1998 | 109785 | |
| polychlorinated biphenyls to be severely restricted. | 1998 | 108411 | |
| place coding of vowel formants for cochlear implant patients. | four multiple-channel cochlear implant patients were tested with synthesized versions of the words "hid, head, had, hud, hod, hood" containing 1, 2, or 3 formants, and with a natural 2-formant version of the same words. the formant frequencies were encoded in terms of the positions of electrical stimulation in the cochlea. loudness, duration, and fundamental frequency were kept fixed within the synthetic stimulus sets. the average recognition scores were 47%, 61%, 62%, and 79% for the synthesize ... | 1998 | 2212290 |
| nutritional concepts in the management of the head and neck cancer patient. ii. management concepts. | essential to the management of the head and neck cancer patient is carefully monitored nutritional support. traditionally, enteral alimentation, using the nasogastric feeding tube, has been the mainstay of treatment. tube feedings should provide ample amounts of essential nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and adequate calories and protein. knowledge of the tube feedings available and problems associated with their administration helps to avoid the pitfalls which limit their effectiveness. the inade ... | 1998 | 109713 |
| primary plasmacytoma of lymph nodes. a case report. | most plasmacytomas of lymph nodes are secondary metastases from myeloma or from primary plasmacytoma of the upper air passages. primary plasmacytomas of lymph nodes are very rare. a case of primary plasmacytoma of mediastinal, cervical and para-aortic lymph nodes is reported. bence jones proteinuria of 8 g/24 h was present. repeated bone marrow examinations were normal. when the patient died, 17 months after the first symptoms, the bone marrow was still not involved. | 1998 | 105545 |
| autoimmune chronic hepatitis type 2 manifested during interferon therapy in children. | 1998 | 1904895 | |
| [current knowledge of the immunogenetics of spondylarthritis]. | 1998 | 2140156 | |
| program of the 41st annual scientific meeting of the japan society of obstetrics and gynecology. okayama, april 2-4, 1989. abstracts. | 1998 | 2809342 | |
| radiation treatment of urinary bladder carcinoma. | a series of 602 patients with verified urinary bladder cancer have been treated with full irradiation in the period 1957--1970. as expected, the survival rate decreased with increasing stage of the tumour. another group was randomized and treated according to either of two fractionation schemes. this trial started in 1971 and shows that there is increased survival and tumour clearance rate with superfractionation. | 1998 | 105441 |
| distribution of hla histocompatibility antigens, abo blood groups and rh antigens in alcoholic liver disease. | the distribution of 16 antigens of the hla-a and 15 antigens of the hla-b series of hla system, the blood groups abo, and rh antigens were studied in 40 alcoholics with cirrhosis, 18 alcoholics without cirrhosis, and in normal control subjects. the group of alcoholics with cirrhosis showed a significantly high frequency of hla-b13 (corrected p less than 0.01) when compared with normal subjects, while the frequency of hla-b13 was similar to normal in alcoholics without cirrhosis. on the basis of ... | 1998 | 109357 |
| nonvisualized gallbladder by cholecystosonography. | to further define the significance of gallbladder nonvisualization by cholecystosonography, we studied follow-up data on 25 consecutive patients in whom the gallbladder could not be identified despite adequate fasting. in one patient, intravenous cholangiography demonstrated a large gallbladder but no gallstones. in the 24 cases for which a pathoanatomic diagnosis was established, all but two had diseased gallbladders with obliteration of the lumen. this 88% accuracy for positive prediction conf ... | 1998 | 107735 |
| lysosomal hydrolases in csf of patients with multiple sclerosis. | the activities of acid phosphatase and n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase have been measured in 171 samples of cerebrospinal fluid from 104 patients suffering from multiple sclerosis. the mean level of activity of these enzymes was lower than of controls. patients who had the first or second bouts had somewhat higher activity of these enzymes compared to controls. the lowest values of these enzymes were found in patients with severe disability. patients with late onset of the disease had higher level ... | 1998 | 107718 |
| [neurohormones]. | 1998 | 107693 |