Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [the patterns of immune and behavioral disorders in toxoplasma gondii antigen-sensitized rat posterity in the postnatal period]. | 2014 | 25296425 | |
| triazole-based compound as a candidate to develop novel medicines to treat toxoplasmosis. | this article reports anti-toxoplasma gondii activity of 3-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione. the compound displayed significant and reproducible antiparasitic effects at nontoxic concentrations for the host cells, with an experimentally determined 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) at least 30 times better than that of the known chemotherapeutic agent sulfadiazine. purine nucleoside phosphorylase was defined as the probable target for anti-toxoplasma activity of the tested compound. these ... | 2014 | 25288090 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and goats slaughtered for human consumption in central ethiopia. | toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasitic zoonoses worldwide. humans get infections with t. gondii after ingesting raw or undercooked meat or oocysts via contaminated soil, food or water; or congenitally by transplacental transmission of tachyzoites. the objectives of the present study were to estimate the seroprevalence and assess risk factors for t. gondii infection in sheep and goats slaughtered for human consumption in central ethiopia. | 2014 | 25287190 |
| canonical histone h2ba and h2a.x dimerize in an opposite genomic localization to h2a.z/h2b.z dimers in toxoplasma gondii. | histone h2ba of toxoplasma gondii was expressed as recombinant protein (rh2ba) and used to generate antibody in mouse that is highly specific. antibody recognizing rh2ba detects a single band in tachyzoite lysate of the expected molecular weight (12kda). by indirect immunofluorescence (ifa) in in vitro grown tachyzoites and bradyzoites, the signal was detected only in the parasite nucleus. the nucleosome composition of h2ba was determined through co-immunoprecipitation assays. h2ba was detected ... | 2014 | 25286383 |
| detection and survival of toxoplasma gondii in milk and cheese from experimentally infected goats. | the consumption of unpasteurized goat cheese and goat's milk has been suggested as a risk factor for toxoplasmosis in humans. in the present study, detection and survival of toxoplasma gondii in milk and cheese was studied by bioassay in mice (milk) and in cats (cheese). eight goats were inoculated orally with 300 to 10,000 oocysts of t. gondii strain tggoatus26. milk samples were collected daily up to 30 days postinoculation and bioassayed in mice and cats. for mouse bioassay, 50 ml of milk sam ... | 2014 | 25285492 |
| functional analysis of rhomboid proteases during toxoplasma invasion. | host cell invasion by toxoplasma gondii and other apicomplexan parasites requires transmembrane adhesins that mediate binding to receptors on the substrate and host cell to facilitate motility and invasion. rhomboid proteases (roms) are thought to cleave adhesins within their transmembrane segments, thus allowing the parasite to disengage from receptors and completely enter the host cell. to examine the specific roles of individual roms during invasion, we generated single, double, and triple kn ... | 2014 | 25336455 |
| hyperplastic cholangitis in a naturally toxoplasma gondii-infected cat. | 2014 | 25330275 | |
| analyzing and identifying novel b cell epitopes within toxoplasma gondii gra4. | the identification of specific epitopes targeted by the host antibody response is important for understanding the natural response to infection and for the development of epitope-based marker vaccines and diagnostic tools for toxoplasmosis. in this study, toxoplasma gondii gra4 epitopes were identified using software-based prediction and a synthetic peptide technique. | 2014 | 25301141 |
| the optimal mixture of toxoplasma gondii recombinant antigens (gra1, p22, rop1) for diagnosis of ovine toxoplasmosis. | toxoplasmosis, caused by toxoplasma gondii, is the major parasitic disease affecting sheep. infection not only results in significant reproductive losses in these animals, but has public health implications since consumption of infected meat can facilitate zoonotic transmission. although several serological tests are currently used for diagnosis of ovine toxoplasmosis, production of reliable reagents is a constraint and therefore there is a need to develop new diagnostic tools. in this paper, we ... | 2014 | 25300561 |
| detection of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in wild animals in brazil. | toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, toxoplasma gondii, that affects all warm-blooded animals, including wild animals. the increased number of cases of parasitic infections is mainly due to the destruction of environmental conservation areas, which is driving wild animals out of their habitats and towards urban areas. in this study, the occurrence of t. gondii infection was investigated by the modified agglutination test (mat) in 26 differ ... | 2014 | 25278979 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection among high school girls in ajabshir from east azarbaijan province, iran. | toxoplasmosis is a disease parasite which can infect human and animals. the infection may be serious if is transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of specific antibodies and the associated risk factors for toxoplasmosis in students attending high-school in ajabshir. | 2014 | 25276764 |
| seroprevalence, risk factors and genotyping of toxoplasma gondii in domestic geese (anser domestica) in tropical china. | little information is available about the seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in geese (anser domestica) in china. in the present investigation, the seroprevalence, risk factors and genotyping of t. gondii in geese were investigated in hainan province, tropical china. | 2014 | 25274416 |
| diagnostic value of a rec-elisa using toxoplasma gondii recombinant sporosag, bag1, and gra1 proteins in murine models infected orally with tissue cysts and oocysts. | toxoplasma gondii causes congenital toxoplasmosis in newborns resulting with fetal anomalies. determining the initiation time of infection is very important for pregnant women and current serological assays have drawbacks in distinguishing the recently acute toxoplasmosis. diagnosis of recently acute infection may be improved by using stage specific antigens in serological assays. in the present study, the diagnostic value of sporozoite specific sporosag, bradyzoite specific bag1 proteins and gr ... | 2014 | 25268351 |
| evaluation of immuno-efficacy of a novel dna vaccine encoding toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein 38 (tgrop38) against chronic toxoplasmosis in a murine model. | toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite which can infect almost all mammalian animals, leading to toxoplasmosis. t. gondii rhoptry protein 38 (tgrop38) is an active rhoptry protein kinase which is involved in the inhibitory effect on host cell transcription by down-regulating the mapk signaling track. | 2014 | 25267356 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) in veracruz state, mexico and its association with climatic factors. | infection with toxoplasma gondii in water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) is of epidemiological importance because of the risk for transmission to humans. we sought to determine the seroprevalence of t. gondii infection in 339 water buffaloes in veracruz state, mexico using the modified agglutination test (mat, cut off 1:25). seroprevalence association with general characteristics of buffaloes and their environment was also investigated. | 2014 | 25267265 |
| first report of toxoplasma gondii in camels (camelus dromedarius) in ethiopia: bioassay and seroepidemiological investigation. | toxoplasmosis is a major public health concern in many countries of the world. a cross-sectional and follow up experimental study designs were used for seroepidemiological and bioassay studies, respectively from november 2012 to april 2013. the objectives were to estimate the seroprevalence of t. gondii infection, to assess risk factors and to isolate the parasite from camels in the fentale district, ethiopia. a direct agglutination test (dat) and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elis ... | 2014 | 25266944 |
| detection of toxoplasma gondii oocysts in soils in northwestern china using a new semi-nested pcr assay. | toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic pathogen that can infect a range of animals and humans. ingestion of t. gondii oocysts in soil is a significant transmission route for humans and animals acquiring toxoplasmosis. in the present study, we developed a new semi-nested pcr method to determine t. gondii oocysts distribution in soils in northwestern china. | 2014 | 25260859 |
| partial protective effect of intranasal immunization with recombinant toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein 17 against toxoplasmosis in mice. | toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that infects a variety of mammals, including humans. an effective vaccine for this parasite is therefore needed. in this study, rh strain t. gondii rhoptry protein 17 was expressed in bacteria as a fusion with glutathione s-transferase (gst) and the recombinant proteins (rtgrop17) were purified via gst-affinity chromatography. balb/c mice were nasally immunised with rtgrop17, and induction of immune responses and prote ... | 2014 | 25255141 |
| recurrent headaches may be caused by cerebral toxoplasmosis. | to establish seroprevalence and provide characteristics of toxoplasma gondii (tg) infection in children with recurrent headaches. | 2014 | 25254186 |
| isolation and biological and molecular characterization of toxoplasma gondii from canine cutaneous toxoplasmosis in brazil. | cutaneous toxoplasmosis is a rare manifestation. this study represents a case report of an immunosuppressed dog that developed nodular dermal lesions caused by toxoplasma gondii. the isolate (tgdgbr20) was characterized as mouse virulent and was genotyped as type bri (toxodb genotype 6) using pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and as africa 1 through microsatellite analysis. | 2014 | 25253796 |
| incidence of death from congenital toxoplasmosis in 0-4-year-old children in japan. | congenital toxoplasmosis is caused by toxoplasma gondii. the incidence of death due to congenital toxoplasmosis in japan from 1974 to 2007 was calculated using the autopsy database of the japanese society of pathology and vital statistics from the ministry of health, labour and welfare. two neonatal deaths due to congenital toxoplasmosis were reported during that time. as there were 161,195 neonatal deaths during this period and 32,465 autopsies were performed, the yearly neonatal death from con ... | 2014 | 25252058 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in small ruminants from four caribbean islands. | toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite capable of infecting all warm-blooded animals including livestock. in these animals, the parasite forms cysts in the tissues which may pose a risk to public health if infected meat is consumed undercooked or raw. little is known of the epidemiology of t. gondii in the caribbean; therefore, the aim of this study was to determine t. gondii exposure in small ruminants from four caribbean island nations. | 2014 | 25249175 |
| majority of t. gondii seropositive chickens (gallus domesticus) in central ethiopia carries the infective parasite. | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in free range chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of t. gondii oocysts in the environment. the aim of this study was to isolate t. gondii parasites from heart and brain of seropositive free range (fr) chickens. | 2014 | 25248281 |
| ocular toxoplasmosis: recent aspects of pathophysiology and clinical implications. | toxoplasma gondii is an extremely successful opportunistic parasite which infects approximately one third of the human population worldwide. the impact of this parasite on human health becomes particularly manifest in congenital damage with infection and subsequent inflammation of neuronal tissues including the retina. although advances in our understanding could be achieved in ocular toxoplasmosis, large gaps still exist on factors influencing the epidemiology and pathophysiology of this potent ... | 2014 | 25248050 |
| gefitinib inhibits the growth of toxoplasma gondii in hela cells. | toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis with symptoms of congenital neurological and ocular diseases and acquired lymphadenitis, retinochoroiditis, and meningoencephalitis. small molecules which block the activity of protein kinases were tested in in vitro culture of t. gondii to find new therapeutic drugs of safer and more effective than the combined administration of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine that sometimes provoke lethal stevens-johnson syndrome. among them, gefitinib an ... | 2014 | 25246725 |
| immunological response and protection of mice immunized with plasmid encoding toxoplasma gondii glycolytic enzyme malate dehydrogenase. | toxoplasma gondii malate dehydrogenase (tgmdh) plays an important role as part of the energy production cycle. in this investigation, immunological changes and protection efficiency of this protein delivered as a dna vaccine have been evaluated. mice were intramuscularly immunized with ptgmdh, followed by challenge with virulent t. gondii rh strain, 2 weeks after the booster immunization. compared to the control groups, the results showed that ptgmdh has stimulated specific humoral response as d ... | 2014 | 25244501 |
| toxoplasma gondii infection: seroprevalence and associated risk factors among primary school children in the capital area of the republic of the marshall islands. | although toxoplasma gondii infection is commonly prevalent in the tropical/subtropical regions, the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in the republic of the marshall islands (rmi) remains unclear. a seroepidemiological survey was undertaken for investigating t. gondii infection in primary school children (psc) using the latex agglutination (la) test in the capital area of rmi. information on demographic characteristics and environmental risk factors was collected via a structured questionnaire. logist ... | 2014 | 25241697 |
| freezing and storage at -20 °c provides adequate preservation of toxoplasma gondii dna for retrospective molecular analysis. | nucleic acid-based testing has become crucial for toxoplasmosis diagnosis. for retrospective (forensic or scientific) studies, optimal methods must be employed for dna long-term storage. we compared toxoplasma gondii detection before and after dna storage using real-time pcr. no significant differences were found depending on duration or storage conditions at -20 °c or -80 °c. | 2014 | 25241642 |
| dual transcriptional profiling of mice and toxoplasma gondii during acute and chronic infection. | the obligate intracellular parasite toxoplasma gondii establishes a life-long chronic infection within any warm-blooded host. after ingestion of an encysted parasite, t. gondii disseminates throughout the body as a rapidly replicating form during acute infection. over time and after stimulation of the host immune response, t. gondii differentiates into a slow growing, cyst form that is the hallmark of chronic infection. global transcriptome analysis of both host and parasite during the establish ... | 2014 | 25240600 |
| animals are key to human toxoplasmosis. | toxoplasma gondii is an extremely sucessfull protozoal parasite which infects almost all mamalian species including humans. approximately 30% of the human population worldwide is chronically infected with t. gondii. in general, human infection is asymptomatic but the parasite may induce severe disease in fetuses and immunocompromised patients. in addition, t. gondii may cause sight-threatening posterior uveitis in immunocompetent patients. apart from few exceptions, humans acquire t. gondii from ... | 2014 | 25240467 |
| genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii isolates from chickens in india by gra6 gene sequence analysis. | pcr-rflp and nucleotide sequencing based genotyping of toxoplasma gondii indian isolates (izatnagar and chennai isolates and chennai clone) vis-a vis rh-ivri strain was conducted by targeting gra6 as genetic marker. the 791 bp gra6 product was pcr amplified from the genomic dna of different t. gondii indian isolates, including the rh-ivri strain. tru1i restriction endonuclease based pcr-rflp of gra6 sequence produced polymorphic digestion pattern that discriminated the virulent rh-ivri strain (a ... | 2014 | 25236278 |
| geographic separation of domestic and wild strains of toxoplasma gondii in french guiana correlates with a monomorphic version of chromosome1a. | previous studies have stressed the genetic divergence and high pathogenicity of strains of t. gondii from french guiana. although strains from coastal, human adapted environments (so called anthropized) resemble those found in other regions of the caribbean, strains collected from inland jungle environment are genetically quite diverse. to better understand the composition of these distinct strain types, we undertook a more in depth analysis of t. gondii strains from french guiana including prof ... | 2014 | 25233228 |
| congenital toxoplasmosis. | toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with the parasite toxoplasma gondii. it is one of the most common parasitic infections in humans and is most typically asymptomatic. however, primary infection in a pregnant woman can cause severe and disabling disease in the developing fetus. recent developments have included increased understanding of the role of parasite genotype in determining infectivity and disease severity. risk factors for acquisition of infection have been better defined, and the imp ... | 2014 | 25232475 |
| a toxoplasma gondii class xiv myosin, expressed in sf9 cells with a parasite co-chaperone, requires two light chains for fast motility. | many diverse myosin classes can be expressed using the baculovirus/sf9 insect cell expression system, whereas others have been recalcitrant. we hypothesized that most myosins utilize sf9 cell chaperones, but others require an organism-specific co-chaperone. tgmyoa, a class xiva myosin from the parasite toxoplasma gondii, is required for the parasite to efficiently move and invade host cells. the t. gondii genome contains one ucs family myosin co-chaperone (tgunc). tgmyoa expressed in sf9 cells w ... | 2014 | 25231988 |
| epidemiological factors associated with seropositivity for toxoplasmosis in pregnant women from gurupi, state of tocantins, brazil. | knowledge of the prevalence and risk factors for toxoplasma gondii dissemination among pregnant women is relevant because the parasite can be spread from mother to infant. the objective of this study was to assess the epidemiology and risk factors of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women from gurupi, state of tocantins, brazil, from february 2012 to june 2013. | 2014 | 25229288 |
| dna repair mechanisms and toxoplasma gondii infection. | lately, we can observe significant progress in understanding mechanism of dna repair owing to fast methods of dna sequence analysis from different organisms the revealing of structure and function of dna repair proteins in prokaryota and eukaryota. the protozoan parasites survival depends on dna repair systems. better understanding of dna repair systems can help in new antipathogen drug development. this review is aimed at updating our current knowledge of the various repair pathways by providin ... | 2014 | 24337694 |
| characterization and binding analysis of a microneme adhesive repeat domain-containing protein from toxoplasma gondii. | the intracellular parasite toxoplasma gondii invades almost all nucleated cells, and has infected approximately 34% of the world's population to date. in order to develop effective vaccines against t. gondii infection, understanding of the role of the molecules that are involved in the invasion process is important. for this purpose, we characterized t. gondii proteins that contain microneme adhesive repeats (mars), which are common in moving junction proteins. t. gondii mar domain-containing pr ... | 2014 | 24361285 |
| evaluation of kynurenine pathway metabolism in toxoplasma gondii-infected mice: implications for schizophrenia. | toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular protozoan parasite, is a major cause of opportunistic infectious disease affecting the brain and has been linked to an increased incidence of schizophrenia. in murine hosts, infection with t. gondii stimulates tryptophan degradation along the kynurenine pathway (kp), which contains several neuroactive metabolites, including 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-hk), quinolinic acid (quin) and kynurenic acid (kyna). as these endogenous compounds may provide a mechanistic conn ... | 2014 | 24345671 |
| human pathogens in marine mammal meat – a northern perspective. | only a few countries worldwide hunt seals and whales commercially. in norway, hooded and harp seals and minke whales are commercially harvested, and coastal seals (harbour and grey seals) are hunted as game. marine mammal meat is sold to the public and thus included in general microbiological meat control regulations. slaughtering and dressing of marine mammals are performed in the open air on deck, and many factors on board sealing or whaling vessels may affect meat quality, such as the ice use ... | 2014 | 24344685 |
| spiroindolone that inhibits pfatpase4 is a potent, cidal inhibitor of toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in vitro and in vivo. | here, we show that spiroindolone, an effective treatment for plasmodia, is also active against toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. in vitro, spiroindolone nitd609 is cidal for tachyzoites (50% inhibitory concentration [ic50], 1μm) and not toxic to human cells at ≥10μm. two daily oral doses of 100 mg/kg of body weight reduced the parasite burden in mice by 90% (p=0.002), measured 3 days after the last dose. this inhibition of t. gondii tachyzoites in vitro and in vivo indicates that spiroindolone is a ... | 2014 | 24366743 |
| a new multi-host species indirect elisa using protein a/g conjugate for detection of anti-toxoplasma gondii igg antibodies with comparison to elisa-igg, agglutination assay and western blot. | toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan parasite which can cause significant disease and losses in livestock and wild animals. it is increasingly recognized as an important foodborne pathogen in a broad range of food animals and products. effective control strategies require rapid, reliable and cost-effective detection methods for large scale surveys and diagnostic applications in a broad range of warm-blooded animals. to overcome one or more of these shortcomings in the currently available de ... | 2014 | 24365243 |
| single nucleotide polymorphisms in the interferon gamma gene are associated with distinct types of retinochoroidal scar lesions presumably caused by toxoplasma gondii infection. | the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the interferon (ifn)-γ gene ( ifng ) with different types of retinal scar lesions presumably caused by toxoplasmosis were investigated in a cross-sectional population-based genetic study. ten snps were investigated and after bonferroni correction, only the associations between snps rs2069718 and rs3181035 with retinal/retinochoroidal scar lesions type a (most severe scar lesions) and c (least severe scar lesions), respectively, remaine ... | 2014 | 24626309 |
| toxoplasma exports dense granule proteins beyond the vacuole to the host cell nucleus and rewires the host genome expression. | toxoplasma gondii is the most widespread apicomplexan parasite and occupies a large spectrum of niches by infecting virtually any warm-blooded animals. as an obligate intracellular parasite, toxoplasma has evolved a repertoire of strategies to fine-tune the cellular environment in an optimal way to promote growth and persistence in host tissues hence increasing the chance to be transmitted to new hosts. short and long-term intracellular survival is associated with toxoplasma ability to both evad ... | 2014 | 24373221 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in common moles (talpa europaea). | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in common moles, talpa europaea, was investigated in order to determine whether moles can serve as an indicator species for t. gondii infections in livestock. | 2014 | 25927195 |
| [detection of toxoplasma gondii infection of sheep slaughtered in the governorate of sousse on the occasion of the muslim sacrifice feast (eid al-adha) and analysis of risk factors]. | during the muslim feast of sacrifice (eid al-adha), dna of toxoplasma gondii was screened in the heart apex of 70 sheep belonging to different households in sousse region (north-east of tunisia) by nested pcr.dna of t. gondii was identified in 5.7% of the samples. to study different risk factors of toxoplasma gondii transmission that can be present especially for this occasion, a questionnaire was established. it revealed that the majority of households (92.9%) slaughtered a sheep aged less than ... | 2014 | 24370877 |
| lysine acetyltransferase gcn5b interacts with ap2 factors and is required for toxoplasma gondii proliferation. | histone acetylation has been linked to developmental changes in gene expression and is a validated drug target of apicomplexan parasites, but little is known about the roles of individual histone modifying enzymes and how they are recruited to target genes. the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii (phylum apicomplexa) is unusual among invertebrates in possessing two gcn5-family lysine acetyltransferases (kats). while gcn5a is required for gene expression in response to alkaline stress, this kat ... | 2014 | 24391497 |
| toxoplasma gra7 effector increases turnover of immunity-related gtpases and contributes to acute virulence in the mouse. | the intracellular parasite toxoplasma gondii enjoys a wide host range and is adept at surviving in both naive and activated macrophages. previous studies have emphasized the importance of the active serine-threonine protein kinase rhoptry protein 18 (rop18), which targets immunity-related gtpases (irgs), in mediating macrophage survival and acute virulence of t. gondii in mice. here, we demonstrate that rop18 exists in a complex with the pseudokinases rhoptry proteins 8 and 2 (rop8/2) and dense ... | 2014 | 24390541 |
| trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus placebo to reduce the risk of recurrences of toxoplasma gondii retinochoroiditis: randomized controlled clinical trial. | to compare the effects of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole vs placebo in reducing the risk of recurrences of toxoplasma gondii retinochoroiditis. | 2014 | 24388839 |
| survival of experimentally induced toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts in vacuum packed goat meat and dry fermented goat meat sausages. | ingestion of raw or undercooked meat is a potential source of human toxoplasmosis. the aim of this study was to determine the viability of toxoplasma gondii cysts in vacuum packed (vp) goat meat and in dry fermented sausages (dfs), and evaluate certain physical and chemical parameters, like water activity (aw), ph value, content of salt, dry matter and fat. a portion of muscle tissue from experimentally infected animals was used for production of vp meat with or without addition of 2.5% curing s ... | 2014 | 24387851 |
| innate immunity to toxoplasma gondii infection. | toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite of global importance. in the laboratory setting, t. gondii is frequently used as a model pathogen to study mechanisms of t helper 1 (th1) cell-mediated immunity to intracellular infections. however, recent discoveries have shown that innate type 1 immune responses that involve interferon-γ (ifnγ)-producing natural killer (nk) cells and neutrophils, rather than ifnγ-producing t cells, predetermine host resistance to t. gondii. this review summarizes the t ... | 2014 | 24457485 |
| toxoplasma gondii-skeletal muscle cells interaction increases lipid droplet biogenesis and positively modulates the production of il-12, ifn-g and pge2. | the interest in the mechanisms involved in toxoplasma gondii lipid acquisition has steadily increased during the past few decades, but it remains not completely understood. here, we investigated the biogenesis and the fate of lipid droplets (ld) of skeletal muscle cells (skmc) during their interaction with t. gondii by confocal and electron microscopy. we also evaluated whether infected skmc modulates the production of prostaglandin e2 (pge2), cytokines interleukin-12 (il-12) and interferon-gamm ... | 2014 | 24457118 |
| ctl induction by dna vaccine with toxoplasma gondii-hsp70 gene. | toxoplasma gondii-derived heat shock protein 70 (t.g.hsp70) is a tachyzoite-specific virulent molecule. the dna vaccine with t.g.hsp70 gene targeting peripheral epidermal or dermal dendritic cells (dc) induces in vivo dc maturation and successive early th1 polarization at the draining lymph nodes (dln) of c57bl/6 mice. in the present study, induction of cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) has been explored. the ctl specific for a syngeneic dc line, dc2.4, either transfected with t. g.hsp70 gene or pul ... | 2014 | 24448159 |
| toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein 38 gene: sequence variation among isolates from different hosts and geographical locations. | toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that is able to infect almost all mammalian species, and may lead to toxoplasmosis of the host. in the present study, we examined sequence variation in rhoptry protein 38 (rop38) genes among t. gondii isolates collected from different hosts and geographical regions. the complete rop38 gene from 13 t. gondii isolates was amplified and sequenced. the results of sequence alignments showed that the lengths of the entire rop38 gene ranged from 2 ... | 2014 | 24446336 |
| virtual screening reveals allosteric inhibitors of the toxoplasma gondii thymidylate synthase-dihydrofolate reductase. | the parasite toxoplasma gondii can lead to toxoplasmosis in those who are immunocompromised. to combat the infection, the enzyme responsible for nucleotide synthesis thymidylate synthase-dihydrofolate reductase (ts-dhfr) is a suitable drug target. we have used virtual screening to determine novel allosteric inhibitors at the interface between the two ts domains. selected compounds from virtual screening inhibited ts activity. thus, these results show that allosteric inhibition by small drug-like ... | 2014 | 24440298 |
| toxoplasma development - turn the switch on or off? | toxoplasma gondii exhibits a complex, multi-stage life cycle in which the need for parasite expansion is balanced with the production of transmissible forms. for human disease the key developmental switch is from the tachyzoite to the mature bradyzoite, which is not well understood at the molecular level. this review highlights the role of the tachyzoite in regulating the initiation of bradyzoite differentiation through newly discovered transcription factors of the apiap2 family that must be tur ... | 2014 | 24438211 |
| susceptibility to toxoplasma gondii proliferation in bewo human trophoblast cells is dose-dependent of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif), via erk1/2 phosphorylation and prostaglandin e2 production. | macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) participates in the immune response to toxoplasma gondii, triggers erk1/2 and prostaglandin e2 (pge2) activation, but there is limited information on these mechanisms in human trophoblast. the present study aimed to verify the role of mif in the erk1/2 phosphorylation and pge2 production, as well as its effect on the susceptibility to t. gondii in bewo cells. | 2014 | 24433846 |
| survey of the parasite toxoplasma gondii in human consumed ovine meat in tunis city. | toxoplasmosis has been recognized as parasitic zoonosis with the highest human incidence. the human infection by the parasite can lead to severe clinical manifestations in congenital toxoplasmosis and immunocompromised patients. contamination occurs mainly by foodborne ways especially consumption of raw or undercooked meat. in contrast to other foodborne infections, toxoplasmosis is a chronic infection which would make its economic and social impact much higher than even previously anticipated. ... | 2014 | 24427300 |
| toxoplasma gondii prevalence in cats from lisbon and in pigs from centre and south of portugal. | toxoplasmosis is an important zoonosis worldwide. here we determined the presence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sera and t. gondii dna in faeces of 215 domestic cats from veterinary clinics in the lisbon area; 44 (20.5%) had anti-t. gondii igg antibodies by the modified agglutination test (cut-off 1:40) and dna was detected in 16 (35.6%) of 45 cat faeces tested. risk factor analysis indicated increase of seroprevalence with age of the cats. sera and tissues of 381 pigs from a slaughterhouse ... | 2014 | 24418601 |
| characterization of toxoplasma gondii subtelomeric-like regions: identification of a long-range compositional bias that is also associated with gene-poor regions. | chromosome ends are composed of telomeric repeats and subtelomeric regions, which are patchworks of genes interspersed with repeated elements. although chromosome ends display similar arrangements in different species, their sequences are highly divergent. in addition, these regions display a particular nucleosomal composition and bind specific factors, therefore producing a special kind of heterochromatin. using data from currently available draft genomes we have characterized these putative te ... | 2014 | 24417889 |
| possible link between toxoplasma gondii and the anosmia associated with neurodegenerative diseases. | toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan infecting 30% to 50% of global human population. recently, it was suggested that chronic latent neuroinflammation caused by the parasite may be responsible for the development of several neurodegenerative diseases manifesting with the loss of smell. studies in animals inoculated with the parasite revealed cysts in various regions of the brain, including olfactory bulb. development of behavioral changes was paralleled by the preferential persistence ... | 2014 | 24413543 |
| ocular toxoplasmosis past, present and new aspects of an old disease. | ocular toxoplasmosis (ot) is considered the most frequent form of infectious posterior uveitis and is caused by the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii. the resulting vision loss frequently incapacitates patients and places a considerable socio-economic burden on societies in particular in developing countries. although, toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis is a world-wide phenomenon stark regional differences with regard to prevalence and presumably route of infection exist. this review will discuss ... | 2014 | 24412517 |
| the performance of four molecular methods for the laboratory diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis in amniotic fluid samples. | toxoplasmosis may be life-threatening in fetuses and in immune-deficient patients. conventional laboratory diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is based on the presence of igm and igg anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies; however, molecular techniques have emerged as alternative tools due to their increased sensitivity. the aim of this study was to compare the performance of 4 pcr-based methods for the laboratory diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. one hundred pregnant women who seroconverted during pregnancy were i ... | 2014 | 24409481 |
| the aryl hydrocarbon receptor promotes il-10 production by nk cells. | the cytokine il-10 has an important role in limiting inflammation in many settings, including toxoplasmosis. in the present studies, an il-10 reporter mouse was used to identify the sources of this cytokine following challenge with toxoplasma gondii. during infection, multiple cell types expressed the il-10 reporter but nk cells were a major early source of this cytokine. these il-10 reporter(+) nk cells expressed high levels of the il-12 target genes t-bet, klrg1, and ifn-γ, and il-12 depletion ... | 2014 | 24403534 |
| disruption of tgphil1 alters specific parameters of toxoplasma gondii motility measured in a quantitative, three-dimensional live motility assay. | t. gondii uses substrate-dependent gliding motility to invade cells of its hosts, egress from these cells at the end of its lytic cycle and disseminate through the host organism during infection. the ability of the parasite to move is therefore critical for its virulence. t. gondii engages in three distinct types of gliding motility on coated two-dimensional surfaces: twirling, circular gliding and helical gliding. we show here that motility in a three-dimensional matrigel-based environment is s ... | 2014 | 24489670 |
| virulent and avirulent strains of toxoplasma gondii which differ in their glycosylphosphatidylinositol content induce similar biological functions in macrophages. | glycosylphosphatidylinositols (gpis) from several protozoan parasites are thought to elicit a detrimental stimulation of the host innate immune system aside their main function to anchor surface proteins. here we analyzed the gpi biosynthesis of an avirulent toxoplasma gondii type 2 strain (ptg) by metabolic radioactive labeling. we determined the biological function of individual gpi species in the ptg strain in comparison with previously characterized gpi-anchors of a virulent strain (rh). the ... | 2014 | 24489660 |
| health evaluation of free-ranging eastern bettongs (bettongia gaimardi) during translocation for reintroduction in australia. | sixty (19 male, 41 female) free-ranging adult eastern bettongs (bettongia gaimardi) were captured in tasmania and translocated to the australian capital territory between july 2011 and september 2012 for reintroduction into fenced, predator-proof reserves. the bettongs were anesthetized for physical examination and screened for selected diseases during translocation. reference ranges for hematologic and biochemical parameters were determined. two bettongs had detectable antibodies to the alphahe ... | 2014 | 24484484 |
| comparison of dynamic expressions of tim-3 and pd-1 in the brains between toxoplasmic encephalitis-resistant balb/c and -susceptible c57bl/6 mice. | t cells and ifn-γ are essential for controlling the reactivation of toxoplasmic encephalitis (te), regardless of whether mice are susceptible or resistant to te. it has been demonstrated that cd8(+) t cells exhausted in chronic toxoplasma gondii infection result in te reactivation in c57bl/6 mice. however, this phenomenon had not been reported in genetically te-resistant balb/c mice. to explore the immune mechanism of te in different backgrounds of mice, the dynamic expressions of tim-3, program ... | 2014 | 24481903 |
| toxoplasma gondii inhibits gamma interferon (ifn-γ)- and ifn-β-induced host cell stat1 transcriptional activity by increasing the association of stat1 with dna. | the gamma interferon (ifn-γ) response, mediated by the stat1 transcription factor, is crucial for host defense against the intracellular pathogen toxoplasma gondii, but prior infection with toxoplasma can inhibit this response. recently, it was reported that the toxoplasma type ii nte strain prevents the recruitment of chromatin remodeling complexes containing brahma-related gene 1 (brg-1) to promoters of ifn-γ-induced secondary response genes such as ciita and major histocompatibility complex c ... | 2014 | 24478085 |
| a toxoplasma patatin-like protein changes localization and alters the cytokine response during toxoplasmic encephalitis. | toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that forms a lifelong infection within the central nervous system of its host. the t. gondii genome encodes six members of the patatin-like phospholipase family; related proteins are associated with host-microbe interactions in bacteria. t. gondii patatin-like protein 1 (tgpl1) was previously determined to be necessary for parasites to suppress nitric oxide and prevent degradation in activated macrophages. here, we show that in the rapidly ... | 2014 | 24478077 |
| the association of toxoplasma gondii infection with neurocognitive deficits in a population-based analysis. | to examine the relationship between infection with toxoplasma gondii (toxo) and cognition. | 2014 | 24477344 |
| geographical patterns of toxoplasma gondii genetic diversity revealed by multilocus pcr-rflp genotyping. | in recent years, an extensive collection of toxoplasma gondii samples have been typed using a set of 10 pcr-rflp genetic markers. here we summarize the data reported until the end of 2012. a total of 1457 samples were typed into 189 genotypes. overall, only a few genotypes dominate in the northern hemisphere, which is in stark contrast to the southern hemisphere where hundreds of genotypes coexist with none being notably dominant. pcr-rflp genotype #1 (type ii clonal), #2 (type iii), #3 (type ii ... | 2014 | 24477076 |
| placental thrombosis in acute phase abortions during experimental toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep. | after oral administration of ewes during mid gestation with 2000 freshly prepared sporulated oocysts of t. gondii isolate m4, abortions occurred between days 7 and 11 in 91.6% of pregnant and infected ewes. afterwards, a further infection was carried out at late gestation in another group of sheep with 500 sporulated oocysts. abortions happened again between days 9 and 11 post infection (pi) in 58.3% of the infected ewes. classically, abortions in natural and experimental ovine toxoplasmosis usu ... | 2014 | 24475786 |
| toxoplasma aldolase is required for metabolism but dispensable for host-cell invasion. | gliding motility and host-cell invasion by apicomplexan parasites depend on cell-surface adhesins that are translocated via an actin-myosin motor beneath the membrane. the current model posits that fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (ald) provides a critical link between the cytoplasmic tails of transmembrane adhesins and the actin-myosin motor. here we tested this model using the toxoplasma gondii apical membrane protein 1 (tgama1), which binds to aldolase in vitro. tgama1 cytoplasmic tail muta ... | 2014 | 24550496 |
| dual role for inflammasome sensors nlrp1 and nlrp3 in murine resistance to toxoplasma gondii. | induction of immunity that limits toxoplasma gondii infection in mice is critically dependent on the activation of the innate immune response. in this study, we investigated the role of cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing a pyrin domain (nlrp) inflammasome sensors during acute toxoplasmosis in mice. we show that in vitro toxoplasma infection of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages activates the nlrp3 inflammasome, resulting in the rapid production and cleav ... | 2014 | 24549849 |
| molecular characterization of toxoplasma gondii type ii in sheep abortion in sardinia, italy. | during 2009-2010, 161 tissue samples (142 placentas, 16 brains, and 3 livers) from aborted ovine fetuses on sardinia island, italy, were tested for toxoplasmosis. organs that showed a positive result by nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting the its1 region for toxoplasma gondii were also amplified with 11 genetic markers (sag1, 5'-sag2, 3'-sag2, sag3, btub, gra6, c22-8, c29-2, l358, pk1, and apico) and then subjected to pcr/rflp for genetic typing. t. gondii dna was found in 5 placent ... | 2014 | 24534616 |
| structures of the toxoplasma gliding motility adhesin. | micronemal protein 2 (mic2) is the key adhesin that supports gliding motility and host cell invasion by toxoplasma gondii. with a von willebrand factor a (vwa) domain and six thrombospondin repeat domains (tsr1-6) in its ectodomain, mic2 connects to the parasite actomyosin system through its cytoplasmic tail. mic2-associated protein (m2ap) binds noncovalently to the mic2 ectodomain. mic2 and m2ap are stored in micronemes as proforms. we find that the mic2-m2ap ectodomain complex is a highly elon ... | 2014 | 24639528 |
| the toxoplasma acto-myoa motor complex is important but not essential for gliding motility and host cell invasion. | apicomplexan parasites are thought to actively invade the host cell by gliding motility. this movement is powered by the parasite's own actomyosin system, and depends on the regulated polymerisation and depolymerisation of actin to generate the force for gliding and host cell penetration. recent studies demonstrated that toxoplasma gondii can invade the host cell in the absence of several core components of the invasion machinery, such as the motor protein myosin a (myoa), the microneme proteins ... | 2014 | 24632839 |
| identification and genetic characterization of a new brazilian genotype of toxoplasma gondii from sheep intended for human consumption. | recent studies have demonstrated that strains of toxoplasma gondii in brazil are frequently different from those detected in other countries, thus making an accurate phylogenetic analysis difficult. the aim of this study was to genetically characterize t. gondii samples from sheep raised in southern bahia and intended for human consumption, by means of pcr-rflp and sequencing techniques. experimental samples were obtained from 200 sheep brains purchased at butcher's shops in itabuna, bahia, braz ... | 2014 | 24631791 |
| humoral immune responses in chickens and turkeys after infection with toxoplasma gondii by using recombinant antigens. | toxoplasma gondii is a parasite which can be transmitted to humans via the consumption of contaminated meat products derived from different animal species, e.g., poultry. in europe, the consumption rate of poultry meat is high and may pose a risk for humans. however, little is known about the prevalence and immune response against t. gondii in these animals. based on these circumstances, we experimentally infected 18 turkeys and 16 chickens with the parasite. turkeys were infected either with ta ... | 2014 | 24532010 |
| vaccination with profilin encapsulated in oligomannose-coated liposomes induces significant protective immunity against toxoplasma gondii. | toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that can infect a variety of mammals and birds, causing toxoplasmosis. several types of vaccines against t. gondii have been developed, but these have limitations in terms of their safety and inadequate efficacy. t. gondii profilin (tgpf) is a potential immunodominant antigen for a candidate vaccine. in this study, we encapsulated tgpf in oligomannose-coated liposomes (omls) to evaluate the immune response induced by this vaccine. c57bl/6 m ... | 2014 | 24530937 |
| presence and duration of anti-toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin m in infants with congenital toxoplasmosis. | to investigate the rate of positivity for immunoglobulin m anti-toxoplasma gondii (toxo-igm) in newborns with congenital toxoplasmosis, and the age when these antibodies become negative. | 2014 | 24530469 |
| innate resistance against toxoplasma gondii: an evolutionary tale of mice, cats, and men. | recent studies have revealed remarkable species specificity of the toll-like receptors (tlrs) tlr11 and tlr12 and the immunity-related gtpase (irg) proteins that are essential elements for detection and immune control of toxoplasma gondii in mice, but not in humans. the biological and evolutionary implications of these findings for the t. gondii host-pathogen relationship and for human disease are discussed. | 2014 | 24528860 |
| genotype analysis of t. gondii strains associated with human infection in egypt. | the distribution of toxoplasma gondii genotypes varies from one geographic area to another. the present study aimed to determine t. gondii genotypes associated with human infection in egypt. individuals seropositive for anti-toxoplasma igg and igm (group i, n = 50) or for specific igg only (group ii, n = 50) were enrolled. of the participants, 75 % were asymptomatic pregnant women. the others presented with lymphadenitis (n = 21), chorioretinitis (n = 3), and unexplained hepatomegaly (n = 1). us ... | 2014 | 24525758 |
| chronic murine toxoplasmosis is defined by subtle changes in neuronal connectivity. | recent studies correlate chronic toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) infection with behavioral changes in rodents; additionally, seropositivity in humans is reported to be associated with behavioral and neuropsychiatric diseases. in this study we investigated whether the described behavioral changes in a murine model of chronic toxoplasmosis are associated with changes in synaptic plasticity and brain neuronal circuitry. in mice chronically infected with t. gondii, magnetic resonance imaging (mri) dat ... | 2014 | 24524910 |
| a thiazole derivative of artemisinin moderately reduces toxoplasma gondii cyst burden in infected mice. | toxoplasmosis continues to be a public health problem, causing significant morbidity worldwide. currently available medications, effective for acute toxoplasmosis, are nonetheless problematic due to adverse side effects in many patients. in addition, no medication is able to completely eradicate the parasite cysts, rendering infected individuals at risk for reactivation upon becoming immunocompromised. we examined the anti- t. gondii activity of 2 derivatives of artemisinin. in vitro metabolic s ... | 2014 | 24524228 |
| adverse socioeconomic conditions and oocyst-related factors are associated with congenital toxoplasmosis in a population-based study in minas gerais, brazil. | congenital toxoplasmosis is a public health problem in brazil. this study aimed to determine risk factors associated with congenital toxoplasmosis in minas gerais which is the second largest brazilian state based on number of inhabitants, and its territorial extension is larger than that of france. | 2014 | 24523920 |
| patients with diffuse uveitis and inactive toxoplasmic retinitis lesions test pcr positive for toxoplasma gondii in their vitreous and blood. | to determine if patients with inactive chorioretinitis lesions who experience chronic toxoplasmic uveitis test pcr positive for toxoplasma in their ocular fluids. | 2014 | 24518074 |
| first isolation and molecular characterization of toxoplasma gondii from a human placenta in argentina. | blood sample and placenta were taken from a 37-week pregnant woman; serologic results indicated acute toxoplasmosis. placenta was inoculated into mice. seropositive mice were sacrificed and tissue cysts from brain were inoculated into new mice. specific dna was detected by pcr, and the isolate was characterized as type ii by npcr-rflp for nsag2, sag3, btub, gra6, c29-2, c22-8, l358, pk1 and apico markers. this is the first isolation and molecular characterization of toxoplasma gondii from humans ... | 2014 | 24513795 |
| seroprevalence and correlates of toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic pigs in veracruz state, mexico. | toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs has epidemiological concern for its contributing role in human infections. we determined seroprevalence of t. gondii infection in 402 domestic pigs raised in backyards in veracruz state, mexico using the modified agglutination test (mat; cut off 1:25); 182 (45.3%) of the 402 pigs were seropositive with mat titers of 1:25 in 28, 1:50 in 22, 1:100 in 18, 1:200 in 30, 1:400 in 35, 1:800 in 23, 1:1,600 in 11, and 1:3,200 or higher in 15. seropositive pigs were fou ... | 2014 | 24510223 |
| polymerase chain reaction based detection of toxoplasma gondii from lymph node aspirates of dogs. | the purpose of the study was to detect dna of toxoplasma gondii in lymph node aspirates of dogs using amplification of sag-2 gene fragment. blood and lymph node aspirates were collected from 20 clinically ill dogs of different age groups. lymph node aspirates were analysed with polymerase chain reaction (pcr). two numbers of dogs were found to be positive by pcr. the pcr positive dogs showed modified direct agglutination test (mdat) titre of 1:512 and 1:4,096. the remaining sera samples showed t ... | 2014 | 24505177 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in south western, saudi arabia. | this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women in the south western region of saudi arabia and to find out the possible risk factors that may lead to infection. this cross sectional hospital based study was carried out at three hospitals in the south western region of saudi arabia from january 2008 to august 2010. blood samples from 487 pregnant women were collected and used to detect anti-t. gondii antibodies igm and igg by enzyme linked immunosorbent as ... | 2014 | 24505169 |
| [toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women]. | the aim of this study was to determine the percentage of seropositive pregnant women, i.e. of pregnant women infected with toxoplasma gondii in order to provide an insight into the risk of developing congenital toxoplasmosis in our community. | 2014 | 24575633 |
| first record of toxoplasma gondii in chaetophractus villosus in argentina. | toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite that causes abortion and reproductive disorder in domestic animals. t. gondii is a common worldwide disease in homeothermic animals, including birds and humans. the aim of the present study was to determine the presence of antibodies against t. gondii in the armadillo chaetophractus villosus in the province of la pampa, argentina. serum samples were collected from 150 individuals (70 males and 80 females). for serological detec ... | 2014 | 26204031 |
| toxoplasma gondii infection of decidual cd1c(+) dendritic cells enhances cytotoxicity of decidual natural killer cells. | there is crosstalk between decidual natural killer (dnk) cells and decidual dendritic cells (ddcs) that promotes tolerance of trophoblast cells carrying paternally derived antigens. in the present study, we report that infection of cd1c(+) ddcs with toxoplasma gondii enhanced gamma interferon (ifn-γ) production by dnk cells in co-culture. the enhancement of ifn-γ production was induced by cytokine il-12 which increased obviously in co-culture of ddcs with dnk cells following t. gondii infection, ... | 2014 | 24573986 |
| role of mouse and human autophagy proteins in ifn-γ-induced cell-autonomous responses against toxoplasma gondii. | ifn-γ mediates cellular innate immunity against an intracellular parasite, toxoplasma gondii, by inducing immunity-related gtpases such as p47 ifn-γ-regulated gtpases (irgs) and p65 guanylate-binding proteins (gbps), which also participate in antibacterial responses via autophagy. an essential autophagy protein, atg5, was previously shown to play a critical role in anti-t. gondii cell-autonomous immunity. however, the involvement of other autophagy proteins remains unknown. in this study, we sho ... | 2014 | 24563254 |
| new description of toxoplasma gondii genotypes from french polynesia. | we report here the first isolation and genotyping of two human toxoplasma gondii strains from french polynesia. the parasites had new and atypical genotypes, and were responsible for asymptomatic congenital toxoplasmosis. both genotypes were divergent from the common strains isolated in europe, north america, south america, africa and china. | 2014 | 24560965 |
| toxoplasma gondii: prevalence in species and genotypes of british bats (pipistrellus pipistrellus and p. pygmaeus). | few studies have investigated toxoplasma gondii infections in bat populations and none have reported its presence in protected british bat species. using a collection of dead/euthanased bats collected from lancashire, uk, two species of bats (pipistrellus pipistrellus and pipistrellus pygmaeus) were tested using a highly sensitive sag1-pcr method specific for detection of t. gondii dna (n=77; 71 p. pipistrellus and 6 p. pygmaeus). whilst some potential bias may exist in the sampling strategy, an ... | 2014 | 24560770 |
| toxoplasma gondii genotypes isolated from pregnant women with follow-up of infected children in southern brazil. | toxoplasma gondii populations that perpetuate in south america's natural ecosystems display broad genetic diversity, but the impact of this diversity on humans is generally unknown. in this short communication, we depict the genotypic traits of four isolates related to congenital parasitism as it emerges in southern brazil. | 2014 | 24554488 |
| [vertical transmission from abortive material and blood with emphasis on toxoplasma gondii]. | to analyze the serological, anatomopathological and parasitological results obtained from abortive material in order to detect infections with the risk of vertical transmission, with emphasis on toxoplasmosis. | 2014 | 24554225 |
| epidemiological review of toxoplasmosis in humans and animals in romania. | infections by the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii are widely prevalent in humans and other animals worldwide. however, information from eastern european countries is sketchy. in many eastern european countries, including romania, it has been assumed that chronic t. gondii infection is a common cause of infertility and abortion. for this reason, many women in romania with these problems were needlessly tested for t. gondii infection. most papers on toxoplasmosis in romania were published in ... | 2014 | 24553077 |