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[selected mechanisms of pathogenicity of campylobacter jejuni].campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of bacterial diarrhea worldwide. various virulence factors of c. jejuni contribute to survival and participate in the induction of infection in the human body. the virulence mechanisms such as motility, toxin production or invasive properties allow the bacteria to survive in the human body. the article presents the current knowledge on selected virulence mechanisms of c. jejuni.201425007513
effects of feeding plant-derived agents on the colonization of campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens.the aim of this work was to test the potential use of plant-derived extracts and compounds to control campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens. over a 7-wk feeding period, birds were fed a commercial diet with or without plant extracts (acacia decurrens, eremophila glabra), essential oil [lemon myrtle oil (lmo)], plant secondary compounds [terpinene-4-ol and α-tops (including α-terpineol, cineole, and terpinene-4-ol)], and the antibiotic virginiamycin. traditional culture and real-time quantitat ...201425002548
intestinal carriage and excretion of campylobacter jejuni in chickens exposed at different ages.campylobacter jejuni is usually recovered from chickens in commercial broiler farms after 2 to 3 weeks of age. this study was conducted to clarify whether fecal excretion is associated with the age of exposure to this bacterium. day-of-hatch broiler chickens were separated from a flock in a local commercial farm, kept in isolation rooms, and esophageally inoculated with c. jejuni (5.5 × 10(7) to 5.4 × 10(8) cfu) at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days of age. the remaining chicks were placed on the far ...201424988026
prevalence and genotypes of campylobacter jejuni from urban environmental sources in comparison with clinical isolates from children.this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of campylobacter jejuni in potential contamination sources that are not regularly monitored such as free-living urban pigeons and crows, dogs, cats and urban environmental water and to assess the possible impact on the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis in children using multilocus sequence typing (mlst). campylobacter spp. were detected in 36.2 % of faecal samples of free-living urban birds and in 40.4 % of environmental water samples. a low preval ...201424987101
campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis complicated by pancytopenia. 201424986300
inactivation of campylobacter jejuni with dielectric barrier discharge plasma using air and nitrogen gases.air and nitrogen gas are commonly used feed gases for plasma generation and are economically useful in industrial applications. the two gases were compared in dielectric barrier discharge plasma for the inactivation of campylobacter jejuni on an agar surface. plasma treatment with nitrogen gas for 20 s did not yield any reduction (p>0.05) in viable cell count. however, a 0.8-log reduction (p<0.05) in colony-forming units (cfu) occurred when the nitrogen gas was supplemented with 2% (vol/vol) air ...201424971667
comparative population structure analysis of campylobacter jejuni from human and poultry origin in bangladesh.campylobacter jejuni is the most important cause of antecedent infections leading to guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) and miller fisher syndrome (mfs). the objective of the present study was to define the genetic diversity, population structure, and potential role of poultry in the transmission of campylobacter to humans in bangladesh. we determined the population structure of c. jejuni isolated from poultry (n = 66) and patients with enteritis (n = 39) or gbs (n = 10). lipooligosaccharide (los) ty ...201424962195
modification and evaluation of brucella broth based campylobacter jejuni transport medium.reliable transport of campylobacter jejuni isolates is critical to microbial epidemiology research, especially in developing countries without a good temperature control mailing system. various factors, including oxygen, temperature, transport medium composition, could affect the survival of c. jejuni. in this study, the protective effects of different ingredients in c. jejuni transport media at 4 °c and 25 °c and under aerobic condition were quantitatively evaluated respectively. the results sh ...201424961857
characterization of the campylobacter jejuni population in the barnacle geese reservoir.campylobacter spp. are the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and have been isolated from a wide number of different hosts and environmental sources. waterfowl is considered a natural reservoir for this zoonotic bacterium and may act as a potential infection source for human campylobacteriosis. in this study, faecal samples from 924 barnacle geese were tested for the presence of c. jejuni and c. coli. the resulting c. jejuni and c. coli populations were characterized by mul ...201524948379
molecular characterization of a new n-acetylneuraminate synthase (neub1) from idiomarina loihiensis.n-acetylneuraminate lyase synthase (neub; e.c. 2.5.1.56) is a key enzyme in pathogenic microorganisms for producing n-acetylneuraminic acid through the irreversible condensation of n-acetylmannosamine (mannac) and phosphoenolpyruvate (pep). however, nothing is known about this enzyme in non-pathogenic bacteria. this paper describes, for the first time, one of the two putative n-acetylneuraminate synthases from the halophilic non-pathogenic gamma-proteobacterium idiomarina loihiensis neub1 (ilneu ...201525214154
2(5h)-furanone, epigallocatechin gallate, and a citric-based disinfectant disturb quorum-sensing activity and reduce motility and biofilm formation of campylobacter jejuni.brominated furanone and epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) are naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds that can be derived from sources such as delisea pulchra algae and green tea, respectively. these compounds may have potential health benefits and antimicrobial properties. biofilm formation and bacterial motility are virulence factors that seem to be involved in the autoinducer 2 (ai-2)-mediated quorum sensing (qs) response of campylobacter. in this study, the anti-qs activities of 2(5h)-furan ...201525231135
natural control of bacteria affecting meat quality by a neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) cake extract.the antibacterial activity of an ethylacetate neem cake extract (nce) against bacteria that affect meat quality, namely campylobacter jejuni, carnobacterium spp., lactobacillus curvatus, lactobacillus sakei and leuconostoc sp., is reported. the antibacterial activity was detected using standardised disc diffusion and macrodilution methods. the bacterial growth inhibition zone ranged from 11.33 ± 0.58 to 22.67 ± 0.58 mm (100 μl nce). there is significant difference between the growth inhibition z ...201525272067
characterization of the genetic environment of the ribosomal rna methylase gene erm(b) in campylobacter jejuni. 201525331057
evaluation of a real-time multiplex pcr for the simultaneous detection of campylobacter jejuni, salmonella spp., shigella spp./eiec, and yersinia enterocolitica in fecal samples.conventional diagnosis of infectious diarrhea caused by bacteria is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and has a suboptimal sensitivity. we have therefore developed a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the simultaneous detection of campylobacter jejuni, salmonella spp., shigella spp./enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec), and yersinia enterocolitica in fecal samples. no cross reactivity between the different pathogens was observed, and the multiplex setup of the assay did not ...201525326870
composition of diet modifies colonization dynamics of campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens.to evaluate the impact of diet composition on colonization dynamics of camp. jejuni and on related physiological parameters in the chicken intestine.201525358748
systematic review with meta-analysis: post-infectious functional dyspepsia.the prevalence of functional dyspepsia (fd) following infectious gastroenteritis has not been systematically reviewed.201525348873
evidence of land-sea transfer of the zoonotic pathogen campylobacter to a wildlife marine sentinel species.environmental pollution often accompanies the expansion and urbanization of human populations where sewage and wastewaters commonly have an impact on the marine environments. here, we explored the potential for faecal bacterial pathogens, of anthropic origin, to spread to marine wildlife in coastal areas. the common zoonotic bacterium campylobacter was isolated from grey seals (halichoerus grypus), an important sentinel species for environmental pollution, and compared to isolates from wild bird ...201525401947
comparative effect of thymol or its glucose conjugate, thymol-β-d-glucopyranoside, on campylobacter in avian gut contents.campylobacter jejuni is an important human food-borne pathogen that can contaminate meat and poultry during processing. consequently, strategies are sought to reduce the carriage of c. jejuni in food animals before they arrive at the abattoir. thymol is a natural product that reduces survivability of campylobacter in vitro, but its rapid absorption from the proximal alimentary tract limits its bactericidal efficacy in vivo. thymol-β-d-glucopyranoside is more resistant to absorption than free thy ...201525421628
avoidance of antibiotic administration to campylobacter enterocolitis mimicking severe salmonellosis by clinical and laboratory features.to compare the clinical and laboratory features of non-typhoid salmonella (nts) and campylobacter jejuni enterocolitis in children and formulate a risk scoring system (with receiver-operating characteristic curve) to facilitate early decision making and avoid antibiotic overuse in c. jejuni enterocolitis.201525418893
reactions of chicken sera to recombinant campylobacter jejuni flagellar proteins.campylobacter jejuni is a gram-negative spiral rod bacterium and is the leading but underreported bacterial food-borne pathogen that causes human campylobacteriosis worldwide. raw or undercooked poultry products are regarded as a major source for human infection. c. jejuni flagella have been implicated in colonization and adhesion to the mucosal surface of chicken gastrointestinal tracts. therefore, flagellar proteins would be the excellent targets for further investigation. in this report, we u ...201525413671
autoimmunity links vinculin to the pathophysiology of chronic functional bowel changes following campylobacter jejuni infection in a rat model.acute gastroenteritis can precipitate irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) in humans. cytolethal distending toxin is common to all pathogens causing gastroenteritis. its active subunit, cdtb, is associated with post-infectious bowel changes in a rat model of campylobacter jejuni infection, including small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (sibo).201525424202
designing multiplex pcr system of campylobacter jejuni for efficient typing by improving monoplex pcr binary typing method.campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of campylobacter infections. as the molecular epidemiological study of outbreaks, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) is performed in general. but pfge has several problems. pcr binary typing (p-bit) method is a typing method for campylobacter spp. that was recently developed, and was reported to have a similar discriminatory power and stability to those of pfge. we modified the p-bit method from 18 monoplex pcrs to two multiplex pcr syste ...201525455748
production of initial-stage eukaryotic n-glycan and its protein glycosylation in escherichia coli.n-glycosylation is a ubiquitous protein post-translational modification mechanism in eukaryotes. in this work, a synthetic pathway containing glycosyltransferases from saccharomyces cerevisiae was introduced to escherichia coli to synthesize lipid-linked mannosyl-chitobiose (man-glcnac2) and trimannosyl-chitobiose (man3-glcnac2). transfer of man3-glcnac2 onto a model periplasmic protein occurred in the engineered e. coli cell using oligosaccharyltransferase pglb from campylobacter jejuni. mass s ...201525449758
intestinal colonization of broiler chickens by campylobacter spp. in an experimental infection study.consumption of poultry meat is considered as one of the main sources of human campylobacteriosis, and there is clearly a need for new surveillance and control measures based on quantitative data on campylobacter spp. colonization dynamics in broiler chickens. we conducted four experimental infection trials, using four isolators during each infection trial to evaluate colonization of individual broiler chickens by campylobacter jejuni over time. individual and pooled faecal samples were obtained ...201525471550
structure and mechanism of an active lipid-linked oligosaccharide flippase.the flipping of membrane-embedded lipids containing large, polar head groups is slow and energetically unfavourable, and is therefore catalysed by flippases, the mechanisms of which are unknown. a prominent example of a flipping reaction is the translocation of lipid-linked oligosaccharides that serve as donors in n-linked protein glycosylation. in campylobacter jejuni, this process is catalysed by the abc transporter pglk. here we present a mechanism of pglk-catalysed lipid-linked oligosacchari ...201526266984
isolation of a point mutation associated with altered expression of the cmeabc efflux pump in a multidrug-resistant campylobacter jejuni population of poultry origin.the objective of this study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance phenotype of campylobacter jejuni isolates from a poultry flock of broiler production in spain. isolates were characterised by rflp-pcr of the flaa gene and multilocus sequence typing. minimum inhibitory concentrations of quinolones, aminoglycosides, β-lactams, tetracyclines, phenicols, macrolides and lincosamides were determined by etest. determinants of resistance and the regulatory region of the cmeabc operon were invest ...201527873659
innate immunity to campylobacter jejuni in guillain-barré syndrome.guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is a postinfectious neuropathy most frequently caused by campylobacter jejuni. lipo-oligosaccharides (los), expressed by c. jejuni induce antibodies that cross-react with self-glycolipids in peripheral nerves, causing neuropathy. less than 1 in 1,000 persons infected with c. jejuni develop gbs, and the factors that determine gbs susceptibility are poorly understood. we hypothesized that these persons have a high intrinsic dendritic cell (dc) response to c. jejuni lo ...201526017721
campylobacter.campylobacter continues to be one of the most common bacterial causes of diarrheal illness in the united states and worldwide. infection with campylobacter causes a spectrum of diseases including acute enteritis, extraintestinal infections, and postinfectious complications. the most common species of campylobacter associated with human illness is campylobacter jejuni, but other campylobacter species can also cause human infections. this comprehensive review includes discussion of the taxonomy, c ...201526004643
effectiveness of inactivation of foodborne pathogens during simulated home pan frying of steak, hamburger or meat strips.in order to evaluate the effect of simulated home pan frying of raw meat and meat preparations of different animal species on the thermal inactivation of pathogens, the heat resistance (d-value) of three strains of campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes and two strains of generic e. coli was validated in bhi and adjusted bhi (i.e. ph5.6 and 1.5% nacl) at 60°c. the d-values were obtained of the linear phase of the survivor curves created in ginafit ...201526004267
contribution of surface polysaccharides to the resistance of campylobacter jejuni to antimicrobial phenolic compounds. 201525757605
campylobacter-acanthamoeba interactions.campylobacter jejuni is a foodborne pathogen recognized as the major cause of human bacterial enteritis. undercooked poultry products and contaminated water are considered as the most important sources of infection. some studies suggest transmission and survival of this bacterial pathogen may be assisted by the free-living protozoa acanthamoeba. the latter is known to play the role of a host for various pathogenic bacteria, protecting them from harsh environmental conditions. importantly, there ...201525757600
fecal shedding of thermophilic campylobacter in a dairy herd producing raw milk for direct human consumption.factors affecting the fecal shedding of thermophilic campylobacter in italian dairy farms were investigated in a 12-month longitudinal study performed on a dairy farm authorized to sell raw milk in italy. fifty animals were randomly selected from 140 adult and young animals, and fecal samples were collected six times at 2-month intervals. at each sampling time, three trough water samples and two trough feed samples also were collected for both adult and young animals. samples were analyzed with ...201525719884
concentration- and roughness-dependent antibacterial and antifungal activities of cuo thin films and their cu ion cytotoxicity and elution behavior.in this study, we aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal properties, cytotoxicity, and elution behavior of copper oxide (cuo) thin films with varying concentrations and roughness values. cuo films greater than 0.2 mol % showed 99.9 % antimicrobial activity against escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, campylobacter jejuni, and penicillium funiculosum. cu ions were found to be noncytotoxic in new zealand white rabbits. the concentration of cu ions from cuo thin films eluted in drin ...201525708981
purification of the campylobacter jejuni dps protein assisted by its high melting temperature.dps proteins (dna binding protein from starved cell) form a distinct group within the ferritin superfamily. all dps members are composed of 12 identical subunits that assemble into a conserved spherical protein shell. dps oxidize fe(2+) in a conserved ferroxidase center located at the interface between monomers, the product of the reaction fe(3+), is then stored inside the protein shell in the form of non-reactive insoluble fe2o3. the campylobacter jejuni dps (cjdps) has been reported to play a ...201525707373
structural analysis of pseh, the campylobacter jejuni n-acetyltransferase involved in bacterial o-linked glycosylation.campylobacter jejuni is a bacterium that uses flagella for motility and causes worldwide acute gastroenteritis in humans. the c. jejuni n-acetyltransferase pseh (cjpseh) is responsible for the third step in flagellin o-linked glycosylation and plays a key role in flagellar formation and motility. cjpseh transfers an acetyl group from an acetyl donor, acetyl coenzyme a (accoa), to the amino group of udp-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-n-acetyl-β-l-altrosamine to produce udp-2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-β-l ...201525698400
inhibition of adhesion of intestinal pathogens (escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae, campylobacter jejuni, and salmonella typhimurium) by common oligosaccharides.inhibition of the binding of pathogenic adhesins to host glycans by suitable oligosaccharides forms the basis of antiadhesion therapies. experiments were carried out to study the inhibition capability of oligosaccharides on the adhesion of four microorganisms (escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae, campylobacter jejuni, and salmonella typhimurium) to ht-29 cells. results showed that, in the absence of oligosaccharides, all of the four pathogens efficiently adhered to the cells. cell adhesion with di ...201525692734
n-glycosylation with synthetic undecaprenyl pyrophosphate-linked oligosaccharide to oligopeptides by pglb oligosaccharyltransferase from campylobacter jejuni.the oligosaccharyltransferase pglb from campylobacter jejuni catalyses the n-glycosylation reaction with undecaprenyl-pyrophosphate-linked glc1 galnac5 bac1 (und-pp-glc1 galnac5 bac1 ). experiments using chemically synthesized donors coupled to fluorescently tagged peptides confirmed that biosynthetic intermediate und-pp-bac1 and und-pp-galnac2 bac1 are transferred efficiently to the asn residue in the consensus sequence (d/e-x'-n-x-t/s, x',x≠p). the products were analyzed in detail by tandem ms ...201525688550
specific genetic features of campylobacter jejuni strain g1 revealed by genome sequencing.this report describes a draft genome sequence of campylobacter jejuni strain g1. the strain contains no plasmids, despite being resistant to tetracycline (tet). comparison of the genome of this strain with that of a reference strain nctc 11168 (tet sensitive) revealed the presence of a candidate gene that may be responsible for antibiotic resistance, as well as the genes involved in the synthesis of ganglioside-mimicking molecules responsible for the development of a neurodegenerative disorder, ...201525688069
cloning, refolding, purification and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the sensory domain of the campylobacter chemoreceptor for multiple ligands (ccml).a periplasmic sensory domain of the campylobacter jejuni chemoreceptor for multiple ligands (ccml) has been crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method using polyethylene glycol 3350 as a precipitating agent. a complete data set was collected to 1.3 å resolution using cryocooling conditions and synchrotron radiation. the crystals belonged to space group p21, with unit-cell parameters a = 42.6, b = 138.0, c = 49.0 å, β = 94.3°.201525664798
lactic acid bacteria as a surface display platform for campylobacter jejuni antigens.food poisoning and diarrheal diseases continue to pose serious health care and socioeconomic problems worldwide. campylobacter spp. is a very widespread cause of gastroenteritis. over the past decade there has been increasing interest in the use of lactic acid bacteria (lab) as mucosal delivery vehicles. they represent an attractive opportunity for vaccination in addition to vaccination with attenuated bacterial pathogens.201525662187
a proposed essential gene discovery pipeline: a campylobacter jejuni case study.genes required for an organism's growth and survival are termed essential and represent potential intervention targets. following in the footsteps of the genomics era, the "next-gen" genomic era provides vast amounts of genetic information. sequencing of a representative bacterial pathogen genome has been superseded by sequencing of whole strain collections, whether from environmental or clinical sources (harris et al., science 327:469-474, 2010; lewis et al., j hosp infect 75:37-41, 2010; beres ...201525636619
microarray transposon tracking for the mapping of conditionally essential genes in campylobacter jejuni.although whole genome approaches to the study of bacteria have grown substantially in the past decade, there is still a need for quick and easy methods for the determination of which genes are essential for the growth of these bacteria under specific growth conditions. there are numerous methods to accomplish this depending on the resources and equipment available, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. here we describe a method we successfully employed to map the essential genes of c ...201525636609
the antimicrobial effect of spice-based marinades against campylobacter jejuni on contaminated fresh broiler wings.the antimicrobial effect of spice-based marinades against campylobacter jejuni on inoculated fresh broiler wings was investigated. experiments were carried out with 1 strain of c. jejuni and 6 marinades. four experimental marinades were composed for the study and contained spices (thyme, rosemary, basil, marjoram, and so on) and different combination of bioactive compounds. two marinades were commercial and contained spices (black pepper, sweet red pepper, and so on) and chemical additives (mono ...201525627752
antibiotic susceptibility and prevalence of foodborne pathogens in poultry meat in romania.the occurrence of pathogenic strains in poultry meat is of growing concern in romania. another problem found on a global level is the continuous increase of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from food. this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in poultry carcasses obtained in romania in 2012-2013 and to reveal the most prevalent patterns of antimicrobial resistance in the isolated strains.201525596569
effect of human isolated probiotic bacteria on preventing campylobacter jejuni colonization of poultry.this study was performed in order to determine whether human isolated probiotic bacteria can be effective in reducing campylobacter jejuni infection of chicken intestinal cells, in vitro, and in decreasing its colonization abilities within the chicken gut. our results show that the probiotic strains lactobacillus paracasei j. r, l. rhamnosus 15b, l. lactis y, and l. lactis foa had a significant effect on c. jejuni invasion of chicken primary cells, with the strongest inhibitory effect detected w ...201525585278
the campylobacter jejuni cprrs two-component regulatory system regulates aspects of the cell envelope.campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of food-borne gastroenteritis in humans. it lives commensally in the gastrointestinal tract of animals, and tolerates variable conditions during transit/colonization of susceptible hosts. the c. jejuni cprrs two-component system contains an essential response regulator (cprr), and deletion of the cprs sensor kinase enhances biofilms. we sought to identify cprrs-regulated genes and better understand how the system affects survival. expression from the cprr ...201525582441
prevalence, antibiogram, and cdt genes of toxigenic campylobacter jejuni in salad style vegetables (ulam) at farms and retail outlets in terengganu.the present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance among campylobacter jejuni in ulam at farms and retail outlets located in kuala terengganu, malaysia. a total of 526 samples (ulam, soil, and fertilizer) were investigated for the presence of c. jejuni and the gene for cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) by using a multiplex pcr method. antibiotic susceptibility to 10 types of antibiotics was determined using the disk diffusion method for 33 c. jejuni isolates. ...201525581179
molecular detection identified a type six secretion system in campylobacter jejuni from various sources but not from human cases.to determine the presence of the t6ss in campylobacter jejuni from diverse sources.201525580664
storage, transport, release: heme versatility in nitrite reductase electron transfer studied by molecular dynamics simulations.using molecular dynamics simulations of the thermodynamic integration type, we study the energetics and kinetics of electron transfer through the nitrite reductase enzyme of sulfurospirillum deleyianum, wolinella succinogenes and campylobacter jejuni. in all of these five-heme proteins, the storage of an even number of electrons within a monomeric chain is thermodynamically favoured. kinetically, two of these electrons are usually transferred almost simultaneously towards the active site. althou ...201525579411
toll-like receptors recognize distinct proteinase-resistant glycoconjugates in campylobacter jejuni and escherichia coli.campylobacter jejuni causes gastroenteritis and autoimmune neuropathy guillain-barré syndrome. the mechanism by which c. jejuni infection results in such the hyperimmunity is not completely understood. host immunity plays an important role in the disease pathogenesis; however, little is known how immune system recognizes this human pathogen. in this study, we report that toll-like receptors recognize distinct proteinase k-resistant glycoconjugates in c. jejuni and escherichia coli. lipopolysacch ...201525530156
prevalence of type vi secretion system in spanish campylobacter jejuni isolates.infections from campylobacter jejuni pose a serious public health problem and are now considered the leading cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis throughout the world. sequencing of c. jejuni genomes has previously allowed a number of loci to be identified, which encode virulence factors that aid survival and pathogenicity. recently, a type vi secretion system (t6ss) consisting of 13 conserved genes was described in c. jejuni strains and recognised to promote pathogenicity and adaptation ...201525496466
untargeted metabolomic profiling of amphenicol-resistant campylobacter jejuni by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.campylobacter jejuni, an important foodborne microorganism, poses severe and emergent threats to human health as antibiotic resistance becomes increasingly prevalent. the mechanisms of drug resistance are hard to decipher, and little is known at the metabolic level. here we apply metabolomic profiling to discover metabolic changes associated with amphenicol (chloramphenicol and florfenicol) resistance mutations of campylobacter jejuni. an optimized sample preparation method was combined with ult ...201525491530
eric-pcr genotyping of some campylobacter jejuni isolates of chicken and human origin in egypt.the public health importance of the genus campylobacter is attributed to several species causing diarrhea in consumers. poultry and their meat are considered the most important sources of human campylobacteriosis. in this study, 287 samples from chicken (131 cloacal swabs, 39 chicken skin, 78 chicken meat, and 39 cecal parts) obtained from retail outlets as well as 246 stool swabs from gastroenteritis patients were examined. a representative number of the biochemically identified campylobacter j ...201526579615
synthesis and immunodetection of 6-o-methyl-phosphoramidyl-α-d-galactose: a campylobacter jejuni antigenic determinant.campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of traveler's diarrhea. previously, we have shown that a c. jejuni capsule polysaccharide (cps) conjugate vaccine can fully prevent c.jejuni diarrhea in non-human primates. c.jejuni cpss are decorated with non-stoichiometric amounts of o-methyl phosphoramidate (meopn) units that are key serospecific markers. in the case of c.jejuni serotype complex hs23/36, the meopn are at positions 2 and 6 of the cps galactose (gal). we describe here the synthesis of the ...201526513759
celery seed and related extracts with antiarthritic, antiulcer, and antimicrobial activities.celery preparations have been used extensively for several millennia as natural therapies for acute and chronic painful or inflammatory conditions. this chapter reviews some of the biological and chemical properties of various celery preparations that have been used as natural remedies. many of these have varying activities and product qualities. a fully standardized celery preparation has been prepared known as an alcoholic extract of the seeds of a plant source derived from northern india. thi ...201526462366
structural basis for amino-acid recognition and transmembrane signalling by tandem per-arnt-sim (tandem pas) chemoreceptor sensory domains.chemotaxis, mediated by methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (mcp) receptors, plays an important role in the ecology of bacterial populations. this paper presents the first crystallographic analysis of the structure and ligand-induced conformational changes of the periplasmic tandem per-arnt-sim (pas) sensing domain (ptpsd) of a characterized mcp chemoreceptor. analysis of the complex of the campylobacter jejuni tlp3 ptpsd with isoleucine (a chemoattractant) revealed that the ptpsd is a dimer in ...201526457436
sweet talk: protein glycosylation in bacterial interaction with the host.pathogenic bacteria encode virulent glycosyltransferases that conjugate various glycans onto substrate proteins via the n- or o-linkage. the hmw system in nontypeable haemophilus influenzae and the pgl system in campylobacter jejuni glycosylate bacterial surface or periplasmic proteins at the eukaryotic-like asn-x-ser/thr motif. the nleb effector from enterobacteria mediates arginine glcnacylation of host death-domain proteins to block inflammation, representing an atypical n-glycosylation. the ...201526433695
campylobacter jejuni pflb is required for motility and colonisation of the chicken gastrointestinal tract.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. although the mechanisms by which c. jejuni causes disease are not completely understood, the presence of functional flagella appears to be required for colonisation of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. therefore much attention has been given to understanding the synthesis and role of flagella in c. jejuni. in this study we report insights into the function of pflb that is essential for cam ...201526423554
distribution of antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter strains isolated from poultry at a slaughterhouse and supermarkets in japan.fifty strains of campylobacter jejuni/coli were detected in 108 specimens of chicken meat and organs sampled at six supermarkets and one poultry slaughterhouse (large scale) between april and october 2013 (isolation rates: 84.8% from the slaughterhouse, 29.3% from the supermarkets). 46/50 strains were successfully recovered and subjected to the e-test to examine their susceptibility to three fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents authorized for use in poultry in japan: enrofloxacin (erfx), ofloxac ...201526412697
a novel dna-binding protein from campylobacter jejuni bacteriophage nctc12673.we previously suggested that the double-stranded genomic dna of campylobacter jejuni bacteriophage nctc12673 was complexed with proteins. mass spectrometry of peptides obtained from tryptic digests of purified phage dna indicated that phage protein gp001 co-purified with the dna. gp001 is an acidic protein that lacks any obvious homology or conserved domains found in known dna-binding proteins. the dna-binding ability of recombinant gp001 was examined using an electrophoretic mobility shift assa ...201526363017
a probe-free four-tube real-time pcr assay for simultaneous detection of twelve enteric viruses and bacteria.we aim to develop a multiplex real-time pcr assay to detect the most common pathogens causing community outbreaks of diarrhea.201526342434
effects of dietary fats rich in lauric and myristic acid on performance, intestinal morphology, gut microbes, and meat quality in broilers.this study investigated the hypothesis that dietary fats rich in lauric (c12) and myristic acid (c14) increase broiler performance and that the underlying mechanism involves antimicrobial effects on gut bacteria and changes in gut morphology. one hundred eighty 1-day-old cobb-500 broilers were allotted to 3 groups. all groups received a basal diet consisting of maize, wheat, soybean meal, and a fat source (4.5, 7.0, 7.6, and 8.0% of fat product in the diet during d 1 to 9, 10 to 17, 18 to 27, an ...201526240391
cell surface-associated aggregation-promoting factor from lactobacillus gasseri sbt2055 facilitates host colonization and competitive exclusion of campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni, one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis worldwide, is transmitted to humans through poultry. we previously reported that lactobacillus gasseri sbt2055 (lg2055) reduced c. jejuni infection in human epithelial cells in vitro and inhibited pathogen colonization of chickens in vivo. this suggested that the lg2055 adhesion and/or co-aggregation phenotype mediated by cell-surface aggregation-promoting factors (apfs) may be important for the competitive exclusion of c. je ...201526239091
[detection of a disease cluster by the health authorities of stendal district due to campylobacter jejuni in a nursery after the consumption of raw milk].a notification from a laboratory concerning the detection of campylobacter jejuni in a 6-year-old boy initiated the investigation carried out by the health authorities from stendal district, in order to explain the morbidity rate caused by the germ. the day after the boy's pediatrician informed about a visit to a farm, which was confirmed by the head of the nursery. she told the health authorities about the consumption of raw milk during their visit at the farm.the following days more children f ...201526227383
messenger rna expression of chicken clock gene in the response to campylobacter jejuni inoculation.campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) is a leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. previous research has shown that circadian rhythm plays a critical role in host response to c. jejuni colonization. the clock gene is one of the core genes regulating circadian rhythms and shows significant expression on 7 d post-c. jejuni inoculation. the objective of this study was to investigate temporal and spatial expression of chicken clock gene post-c. jejuni inoculation. cecal and splenic rn ...201526223235
the effects of high-pressure treatments on campylobacter jejuni in ground poultry products containing polyphosphate additives.marinades containing polyphosphates have been previously implicated in the enhanced survival of campylobacter spp. in poultry product exudates. the enhanced campylobacter survival has been attributed primarily to the ability of some polyphosphates to change the ph of the exudate to one more amenable to campylobacter. in this study a ground poultry product contaminated with a 6 strain campylobacter jejuni cocktail was utilized to determine if the efficiency of high-hydrostatic-pressure treatments ...201526217028
role of flga for flagellar biosynthesis and biofilm formation of campylobacter jejuni nctc11168.the complex roles of flagella in the pathogenesis of campylobacter jejuni, a major cause of worldwide foodborne diarrheal disease, are important. compared with the wild-type, an insertional mutation of the flga gene (cj0769c) demonstrated significant decrease in the biofilm formation of c. jejuni nctc11168 on major food contact surfaces, such as polystyrene, stainless steel, and borosilicate glass. the flga mutant was completely devoid of flagella and non-motile whereas the wild-type displayed t ...201526215271
[the significance of fucosylated glycoconjugates of human milk in nutrition of newborns and infants].human milk is extremely complex secretion rich in biologically active glycoconjugates including free oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycosaminoglycans. alpha1-2-fucosylated glycoconjugates of human milk are component of the innate immune system and provide an additional defense for infants. participation of fucosylated glycotopes in the inhibition of infections caused by some bacteria and/or viruses rely on blocking of lectin-receptors of pathogen. free fucosylated glycoconjug ...201526206995
evaluation of propidium monoazide and quantitative pcr to quantify viable campylobacter jejuni biofilm and planktonic cells in log phase and in a viable but nonculturable state.despite being considered fragile and fastidious, campylobacter jejuni remains the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world. c. jejuni survives stresses by forming biofilms or entering a viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state. to investigate the number of viable cells in samples exposed to low nutrient and temperature stress, a novel method, propidium monoazide quantitative pcr (pmaqpcr), was compared with bac light biovolume analysis and conventional plate counting for th ...201526197281
long-lasting outbreak of erythromycin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant campylobacter jejuni subspecies jejuni from 2003 to 2013 in men who have sex with men, quebec, canada.from january 2003 to december 2013, sexual transmission of 2 clades of campylobacter jejuni subspecies jejuni isolates resulted in a prolonged outbreak among men who have sex with men living in quebec, canada. the outbreak isolates were acquired locally and were resistant to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin.201526187024
effects of high hydrostatic pressure on campylobacter jejuni in poultry meat.campylobacter jejuni inactivation by high pressure processing (hpp) in poultry meat (chicken breast) was investigated. the pressure was created by high hydrostatic pressure piston-cylinder food processor. contaminated with c. jejuni (108 cfu g-1) samples of ground poultry meat were hermetically sealed in a polyamide-polyethylene bags and exposed to hpp for 9 different combinations of pressure (200 mpa, 300 mpa and 400 mpa) and time (5 min, 10 min and 15 min). quantitative bacteriological analysi ...201526172174
guillain-barré syndrome.over the past three decades much has been elucidated about the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of guillain-barré syndrome, the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis worldwide. cross-reactivity between surface epitopes on the bacterium campylobacter jejuni and peripheral nerve gangliosides has been shown to induce antibody-mediated axonal-type neuropathy in some patients. understanding the molecular mechanisms that cause nerve damage in these patients has led to the development of ...201526154996
campylobacter jejuni-related cardiomyopathy: unknown entity or yet underreported? 201526149333
human campylobacteriosis related to the consumption of raw milk sold by vending machines in italy: quantitative risk assessment based on official controls over four years.a quantitative risk assessment (ra) model was developed to describe the risk of campylobacteriosis linked to consumption of raw milk sold in vending machines in italy. exposure assessment was based on the official microbiological records of raw milk samples from vending machines monitored by the regional veterinary authorities from 2008 to 2011, microbial growth during storage, destruction experiments, consumption frequency of raw milk, serving size, consumption preference and age of consumers. ...201526142145
use of caprylic acid in broiler chickens: effect on campylobacter jejuni.the effect of caprylic acid (ca) on campylobacter jejuni in chickens was evaluated using two approaches: dietary supplementation or surface treatment of chilled chicken carcasses. to analyze the dietary effect of ca, individually housed broiler chickens (n = 48) were artificially infected with c. jejuni vfu612 (10(6) colony-forming units [cfu]/bird) on the 21st and 35th days of life. dietary ca (2.5 and 5 g/kg of feed, fed throughout the entire experiment) significantly decreased c. jejuni shedd ...201526114373
potential impact of food safety vaccines on health care costs.foodborne pathogens continue to cause several outbreaks every year in many parts of the world. among the bacterial pathogens involved, shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli, campylobacter jejuni, and nontyphoidal salmonella species cause a significant number of human infections worldwide, resulting in a huge annual economic burden that amounts to millions of dollars in health care costs. human infections are primarily caused by the consumption of contaminated food. vaccination of food-producing ...201526111256
multilocus sequence types of campylobacter jejuni isolates from different sources in eastern china.campylobacter jejuni is a major food-borne pathogen that causes human gastroenteritis in many developed countries. in our study, we applied multilocus sequence typing (mlst) technology to 167 c. jejuni isolates from diverse sources in eastern china to examine their genetic diversity. mlst defined 94 sequence types (sts) belonging to 18 clonal complexes (ccs). forty-five sts from 60 isolates (36%) and 22 alleles have not been previously documented in an international database. one hundred and two ...201526100240
characterization of campylobacter jejuni dna gyrase as the target of quinolones.quinolones have long been used as the first-line treatment for campylobacter infections. however, an increased resistance to quinolones has raised public health concerns. the development of new quinolone-based antibiotics with high activity is critical for effective, as dna gyrase, the target of quinolones, is an essential enzyme for bacterial growth in several mechanisms. the evaluation of antibiotic activity against campylobacter jejuni largely relies on drug susceptibility tests, which requir ...201526096494
glycosnap: a high-throughput screening methodology for engineering designer glycosylation enzymes.the campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation locus (pgl) encodes enzymes for asparagine-linked (n-linked) glycosylation and serves as the prototype for n-glycosylation in bacteria. this pathway has been functionally transferred into escherichia coli, thereby enabling efficient n-linked glycosylation of acceptor proteins with the c. jejuni heptasaccharide in this genetically tractable host. however, expansion of this bacterial system to encompass the vast biological diversity of potential glyca ...201526082213
campylobacter jejuni capsular genotypes are related to guillain-barré syndrome.in about one in a thousand cases, a campylobacter jejuni infection results in the severe polyneuropathy guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). it is established that sialylated lipo-oligosaccharides (los) of c. jejuni are a crucial virulence factor in gbs development. frequent detection of c. jejuni with sialylated los in stools derived from patients with uncomplicated enteritis implies that additional bacterial factors should be involved. to assess whether the polysaccharide capsule is a marker for gbs ...201526070960
statistical approaches to developing a multiplex immunoassay for determining human exposure to environmental pathogens.there are numerous pathogens that can be transmitted through water. identifying and understanding the routes and magnitude of exposure or infection to these microbial contaminants are critical to assessing and mitigating risk. conventional approaches of studying immunological responses to exposure or infection such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) and other monoplex antibody-based immunoassays can be very costly, laborious, and consume large quantities of patient sample. a major li ...201526070441
alpinia katsumadai extracts inhibit adhesion and invasion of campylobacter jejuni in animal and human foetal small intestine cell lines.alpinia katsumadai is used in traditional chinese medicine for abdominal distention, pain, and diarrhoea. campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of bacterial food-borne diarrhoeal illnesses worldwide. adhesion to gut epithelium is a prerequisite in its pathogenesis. the antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and anti-adhesive activities of a chemically characterised extract (see) and its residual material of hydrodistillation (hdsee-r) from a. katsumadai seeds were evaluated against c. jejuni. minimal ...201526058384
ambiguous value of anti-ganglioside igm autoantibodies in guillain-barré syndrome and its variants.anti-ganglioside autoantibodies of the igg type are detected in a half of patients with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), and their detection strongly supports the diagnosis of gbs. in contrast, anti-ganglioside igm antibodies are also often detected in gbs patients, but it remains unclear whether igm antibodies indicate a diagnosis of gbs. we identified four gbs patients (3.3%) who tested positive for igm antibodies but negative for igg antibodies among 122 patients with gbs and its variants. thes ...201526050638
constitutive expression of campylobacter jejuni truncated hemoglobin ctrhb improves the growth of escherichia coli cell under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.bacteria hemoglobin could bind to the oxygen, transfer it from the intracellular microenvironment to the respiration process and sustain the energy for the metabolism and reproduction of cells. heterologous expression of bacteria hemoglobin gene could improve the capacity of the host on oxygen-capturing and allow it to grow even under microaerophilic condition. to develop a system based on hemoglobin to help bacteria cells overcome the oxygen shortage in fermentation, in this study, campylobacte ...201526047918
impact of a drug-free program on broiler chicken growth performances, gut health, clostridium perfringens and campylobacter jejuni occurrences at the farm level.the use of antimicrobial agents as feed additives in poultry production is a public health concern due to the overall increase in antimicrobial resistance. although some alternative products are commercially available, little is known on their potential impact on flock health and productivity. a prospective study involving 1.55 million birds was conducted on eight commercial broiler farms in québec, canada, to evaluate the impact of replacing antibiotic growth promoters and anticoccidial drugs b ...201526047674
claudin-related intestinal diseases.with up to 200 m(2) the human intestine is the organ with the largest absorptive surface of the body. it is lined by a single layer of epithelial cells that separates the host from the environment. the intestinal epithelium provides both, selective absorption of nutrients, ions, and water but also a highly effective barrier function which includes the first line of defense against environmental antigens. the paracellular part of this barrier function is provided by tight junction (tj) proteins, ...201525999319
campylobacter jejuni contamination of broiler carcasses: population dynamics and genetic profiles at slaughterhouse level.six slaughter batches deriving from six typical industrial broiler flocks were examined for the presence, quantity and genetic characteristics of contaminating campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) during various stages of slaughtering and carcass processing. to assess the contamination dynamics of the carcasses, the analyses were always conducted on neck-skin samples from the same pre-selected and carefully marked carcasses in each batch. the skin samples were taken sequentially at three successive ...201525998821
perr controls oxidative stress defence and aerotolerance but not motility-associated phenotypes of campylobacter jejuni.the foodborne bacterial pathogen campylobacter jejuni is an obligate microaerophile that is exposed to atmospheric oxygen during transmission through the food chain. survival under aerobic conditions requires the concerted control of oxidative stress systems, which in c. jejuni are intimately connected with iron metabolism via the perr and fur regulatory proteins. here, we have characterized the roles of c. jejuni perr in oxidative stress and motility phenotypes, and its regulon at the level of ...201525968890
genetic diversity and host associations in campylobacter jejuni from human cases and broilers in 2000 and 2008.campylobacter jejuni is an important food-borne pathogen, with a global distribution. it can colonize numerous host species, including both domestic and wild animals, but is particularly associated with birds (poultry and wild birds). for human campylobacteriosis, poultry products are deemed the most significant risk factor for acquiring infection. we conducted a genotyping and host attribution study of a large representative collection of c. jejuni isolated from humans and broilers in sweden in ...201525960333
studies on tridecaptin b(1), a lipopeptide with activity against multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria.previously other groups had reported that paenibacillus polymyxa nrrl b-30507 produces srcam 37, a type iia bacteriocin with antimicrobial activity against campylobacter jejuni. genome sequencing and isolation of antimicrobial compounds from this p. polymyxa strain show that the antimicrobial activity is due to polymyxins and tridecaptin b1. the complete structural assignment, synthesis, and antimicrobial profile of tridecaptin b1 is reported, as well as the putative gene cluster responsible for ...201525959079
reactive arthritis in relation to internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint: a case control study.the aim of this study was to find out if reactive arthritis was involved in the aetiology of chronic closed lock of the temporomandibular joint (tmj) by looking for bacterial antigens in the synovial membrane of the tmj, and by studying the antibody serology and carriage of human leucocyte antigen (hla) b27 in patients with chronic closed lock. patients with reciprocal clicking and healthy subjects acted as controls. we studied a total of 43 consecutive patients, 15 with chronic closed lock, 13 ...201525957137
impact of disinfectant wipes on the risk of campylobacter jejuni infection during raw chicken preparation in domestic kitchens.in the present study, we conducted a quantitative microbial risk assessment forecasting the exposure to campylobacter jejuni contaminated surfaces during preparation of chicken fillets and how using a disinfectant-wipe intervention to clean a contaminated work area decreases the risk of infection following the preparation of raw chicken fillet in a domestic kitchen.201525939813
microbial food safety: potential of dna extraction methods for use in diagnostic metagenomics.the efficiency of ten widely applied dna extraction protocols was evaluated for suitability for diagnostic metagenomics. the protocols were selected based on a thorough literature study. chicken fecal samples inoculated with about 1×10(3) and 1×10(6) cfu/g campylobacter jejuni were used as a model. the evaluation was performed based on total dna yield measured by fluorometry, and quality and quantity of c. jejuni dna measured by real-time pcr. there was up to a 25-fold variance between the lowes ...201525937085
comparison of epidemiologically linked campylobacter jejuni isolated from human and poultry sources.campylobacter jejuni is responsible for most foodborne bacterial infections worldwide including australia. the aim of this study was to investigate a combination of typing methods in the characterization of c. jejuni isolated from clinical diarrhoeal samples (n = 20) and chicken meat (n = 26) in order to identify the source of infection and rank isolates based on their relative risk to humans. sequencing of the flaa short variable region demonstrated that 86% of clinical isolates had genotypes t ...201525936829
the role of probiotics in the inhibition of campylobacter jejuni colonization and virulence attenuation.campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common bacterial causes of human gastroenterocolitis worldwide, leading to diarrhea and other serious post-infectious complications. probiotics form an attractive alternative intervention strategy for most of the enteric infections. however, the role of probiotics in c. jejuni infections requires detailed investigations in order to delineate the probiotic strains that are effective against c. jejuni. although there are several biological mechanisms involve ...201525934376
antibiotic susceptibility profiling and virulence potential of campylobacter jejuni isolates from different sources in pakistan.to determine antibiotic resistance patterns and virulence potential of campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) isolates from clinical human diarrheal infections, cattle and healthy broilers.201525902160
molecular survey of occurrence and quantity of legionella spp., mycobacterium spp., pseudomonas aeruginosa and amoeba hosts in municipal drinking water storage tank sediments.to examine the occurrence and quantity of potential pathogens and an indicator of microbial contamination in the sediments of municipal drinking water storage tanks (mdwsts), given the absence of such data across the united states.201525891145
notes from the field: campylobacteriosis outbreak associated with consuming undercooked chicken liver pâté - ohio and oregon, december 2013-january 2014.on january 8, 2014, the ohio department of health notified the oregon public health division (ophd) of campylobacteriosis in two ohio residents recently returned from oregon. the travelers reported consuming chicken liver pâté* at an oregon restaurant. on january 10, ophd received additional reports of campylobacteriosis in two persons who had consumed chicken liver pâté at another oregon restaurant. campylobacter jejuni was isolated in cultures of fecal specimens from three patients. ophd inves ...201525879900
[effects of the environment on health of feral pigeons (columba livia)].we examined 80 feral pigeons and their fecal samples from two feral pigeon lofts of the "pigeon action of basel" (switzerland) for different pathogens. the tested material harbored four pathogenic agents transmissible to humans (chlamydia spp., salmonella spec., campylobacter jejuni, cryptococcus neoformans) in addition several pathogens were found which are no zoonotic agents but potentially pathogenic for the pigeons themselves, such as trichomonas gallinae, coccidia, helminths, ectoparasites ...201525876285
the signalling molecule autoinducer-2 is not internalised in campylobacter jejuni.bacteria recognise and constantly adjust to changing situations by sensing environmental and self-produced signals. autoinducer-2 (ai-2) is a signal molecule, found in many bacterial species and thus proposed to enable interspecies com- munication. two classes of ai-2 receptors have been identified so far. one class of ai-2 receptors sense ai-2 by a two component signalling system.the other class, the lsrb family, internalises and phosphorylates ai-2. campylobacter (c.) jejuni is known to produc ...201525876270
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