Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| consensus statement on the role of hepatitis a vaccination in patients with chronic liver disease. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a ubiquitous, easily transmitted virus that can cause severe hepatitis, particularly in the adult population. improvements in sanitation and hygiene in the developing world have led to a decline in immunity against hav. a growing number of adults are now susceptible to infection, with those who have not been vaccinated against hepatitis b virus (hbv) being at risk of dual infection and potentially more severe illness. the symposium, "the role of hepatitis vaccination i ... | 2000 | 10866843 |
| [does incidence of hepatitis a increase during shmitah (the sabbatical year)?]. | in israel the biblical injunction of the sabbatical year (shmitah) prevails, whereby all jewish-owned land should lie fallow during every seventh year. consequently, it is customary for members of the orthodox jewish community to eat only produce grown by non-jews (arabs). many arab farmers use sewage water for irrigation and since such water could be infected with hepatitis a virus (hav), there is concern about the possibility of hav epidemics during the sabbatical year. we therefore we examine ... | 2000 | 10868165 |
| a new bioactive sesterterpene and antiplasmodial alkaloids from the marine sponge hyrtios cf. erecta. | from the ch(2)cl(2) extract of the sponge hyrtios cf. erecta, collected from fiji, two new sesterterpenes, 1 and 2, and the known compounds isodehydroluffariellolide (3), homofascaplysin a (4), and fascaplysin (5) were isolated. the structures of 1-5 were established employing 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. all nmr resonances of fascaplysin (5) have been unambiguously assigned. evaluation of the biological activity of the extracts and pure compounds toward plasmodium falciparu ... | 2000 | 10869210 |
| hepatitis c and the british columbia experience with hepatitis a vaccination. | the prevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in british columbia is approximately 1.5%. experience in this province has revealed that groups at high risk of hcv infection are also prone to outbreaks of hepatitis a virus (hav). as hepatitis a infection can be fatal in hcv-positive individuals, numerous strategies have been implemented to help minimize its spread. the importance of vaccinating individuals at high risk for hepatitis c infection against hav has been recognized. | 2000 | 10870176 |
| the cost-effectiveness of hepatitis a vaccination in patients with chronic hepatitis c. | infection with hepatitis a virus (hav) occasionally leads to acute liver failure and has a higher fatality rate in patients with chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv). vaccination of patients with hcv against hav is effective and well tolerated. this study examines the cost-effectiveness of hav vaccination in north american patients with chronic hcv. a decision analysis model was constructed to compare 3 hav vaccination strategies in adult patients with chronic hcv over a period of 5 years: (1) vaccin ... | 2000 | 10733536 |
| rapid concentration and detection of hepatitis a virus from lettuce and strawberries. | immunomagnetic beads-pcr (im-pcr), positively-charged virosorb filters (f), or a combination of both methods (f-im-pcr) were used to capture, concentrate and rapidly detect hepatitis a virus (hav) in samples of lettuce and strawberries experimentally contaminated. direct reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) amplification of the collected hav-beads complex showed a detection limit of 0.5 plaque forming units (pfu) of the virus present in 1-ml of wash solution from the produce, ... | 2000 | 10960705 |
| hepatitis a vaccine. | inactivated hepatitis a vaccines are highly immunogenic and efficacious. because of their high disease rates and importance as a reservoir of transmission to others, children should be the primary focus of vaccination. a long-term strategy of sustained routine vaccination of children living in areas with consistently elevated hepatitis a rates has been adopted. ultimately, elimination of hav transmission will require vaccination of all children in the us. this effort would be facilitated by the ... | 2000 | 11144382 |
| a serological re-evaluation of acute non-a non-b hepatitis from the early 1970s. | the epidemiology and natural history of recently discovered viruses, which may be responsible for cases of seronegative infectious hepatitis, are currently being investigated. retrospective studies of stored sera can provide a historical perspective of these infections. | 2000 | 11198574 |
| predictors of liver-related complications in patients with chronic hepatitis c. | chronic hepatitis c is the leading cause of decompensated liver disease requiring liver transplantation and a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). in liver clinic series, about 20% of those chronically infected with hepatitis c virus (hcv) develop cirrhosis over 20 years. from epidemiological data, however, it is clear that certain subgroups of patients are more likely to develop liver-related complications than others. both host and viral factors have been implicated in individual sus ... | 2000 | 11209965 |
| hepatitis a antibodies in liver transplant recipients: evidence for loss of immunity posttransplantation. | liver transplant recipients frequently have chronic liver diseases and should be considered for vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav). however, persistence of protective antibodies after orthotopic liver transplantation (olt) has not been shown in this population, which may have implications for future vaccine recommendations. we evaluated the prevalence and epidemiological significance of immunoglobulin g (igg) antibody to hav (anti-hav) in a nonvaccinated population before olt (immunity ... | 2000 | 10719019 |
| duration of viremia in hepatitis a virus infection. | the duration of viremia and time course for development of igm antibodies were determined prospectively in natural and experimental hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. serial serum samples from hav-infected men (n=13) and experimentally infected chimpanzees (n=5) were examined by nested reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis to detect hav rna and by elisa to detect igm antibodies to hav. among infected humans, hav rna was detected an average of 17 days before the alanine aminotr ... | 2000 | 10882576 |
| functional significance of the interaction of hepatitis a virus rna with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh): opposing effects of gapdh and polypyrimidine tract binding protein on internal ribosome entry site function. | glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), a cellular enzyme involved in glycolysis, binds specifically to several viral rnas, but the functional significance of this interaction is uncertain. both gapdh and polypyrimidine tract binding protein (ptb) bind to overlapping sites in stem-loop iiia of the internal ribosome entry site (ires) of hepatitis a virus (hav), a picornavirus. since the binding of gapdh destabilizes the rna secondary structure, we reasoned that gapdh may suppress the ab ... | 2000 | 10864658 |
| asian perspectives on viral hepatitis a. | recent decades have witnessed a marked decline in the prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in asian populations, especially in children. this is attributable to general improvements in socio-economic status and hygiene, which have, in turn, made a large population of young adults susceptible to the disease. the hav infection rarely results in death and mortality is age-dependent. according to previous reports, it may be more severe in persons with underlying chronic liver disease (cld ... | 2000 | 11101002 |
| the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus and its determinants in the netherlands: a population-based survey. | the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus was assessed in a dutch nationwide sample (n = 7367). a questionnaire was used to study the association with various sociodemographic characteristics. overall, 33.8% (95% ci 31.6-36%) of the population had hepatitis a antibodies. the seroprevalence was less than 10% in people under 35; it increased from 25% at 35 years to 85% at 79 years. for those 15-49 years of age, turks (90.9%) and moroccans (95.8%) had greater seroprevalence than autochthono ... | 2000 | 10982070 |
| screening travelers for hepatitis a antibodies: an observational cost-comparison study of vaccine use. | to measure the seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) in a health plan population of travelers and to determine whether prevaccination screening for anti-hav can reduce unnecessary vaccination and thus promote the most effective, economic use of hepatitis a vaccine. | 2000 | 11069868 |
| screening international travelers for hepatitis a antibodies versus routine vaccination: how generalizable are the results? | 2000 | 11069869 | |
| infection of polarized cultures of human intestinal epithelial cells with hepatitis a virus: vectorial release of progeny virions through apical cellular membranes. | although hepatitis a virus (hav) is typically transmitted by the fecal-oral route, little is known of its interactions with cells of the gastrointestinal tract. we studied the replication of hav in polarized cultures of caco-2 cells, a human cell line which retains many differentiated functions of small intestinal epithelial cells. virus uptake was 30- to 40-fold more efficient when the inoculum was placed on the apical rather than the basolateral surface of these cells, suggesting a greater abu ... | 2000 | 10864660 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a virus antibodies in patients with chronic liver diseases. | the age of persons with hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in the general population has risen; these persons are at increased risk of clinically severe disease, especially patients with chronic liver disease. the aim of the present study was to analyze the prevalence of total antibodies against hav in patients with chronic liver disease. | 2000 | 11084818 |
| contamination of foods by food handlers: experiments on hepatitis a virus transfer to food and its interruption. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is an important pathogen which has been responsible for many food-borne outbreaks. hav-excreting food handlers, especially those with poor hygienic practices, can contaminate the foods which they handle. consumption of such foods without further processing has been known to result in cases of infectious hepatitis. since quantitative data on virus transfer during contact of hands with foods is not available, we investigated the transfer of hav from artificially contaminate ... | 2000 | 10877765 |
| [introduction of routine hepatitis a immunization in israel--the first in the world]. | notification of hepatitis a, which is endemic in israel, has been compulsory since the establishment of the state. from 1992-98 an average of 2,600 cases were reported annually. many infections are asymptomatic and mild, especially in children. in general, severity increases with age; in western countries the case fatality rate is 1.5/1,000 among children less than 5 years old and 27/1,000 among those over 50. until 1987 incidence in israel was higher in jews than in non-jews, but since 1988 inc ... | 2000 | 10883087 |
| assessment of synthetic peptides for hepatitis a diagnosis using biosensor technology. | in the present work we demonstrate the application of a commercial biosensor instrument (biacore 1000, biacore ab, uppsala) for the detection of antibodies against the hepatitis a virus (hav) in human serum samples using linear and branched synthetic peptides related to the vp3 capsid protein of hav. we also studied the conformation of the synthetic peptides by circular dichroism (cd) in order to analyse the changes in secondary structure of the constructs that could influence their recognition ... | 2000 | 11121543 |
| age related seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus in hyderabad, india. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is an enterically transmitted viral disease endemic in many developing countries including india. infection is often subclinical or asymptomatic in children while with increasing age symptomatic acute infections are more common. in some developing countries improvements in living conditions have led to change in epidemiology of hav infection. in our country there are very few reports on prevalence of hav. | 2000 | 10881625 |
| hepatitis a shifting epidemiology in south-east asia and china. | a review of the epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection over the last 20 years shows shifting patterns in the prevalence of antibodies to hav (anti-hav) throughout south-east asia and china. a number of countries have shifted from high to moderate and from moderate to low endemicity, with a corresponding increase in the age of exposure from childhood to early adulthood. the changes have resulted from improvements in hygiene, sanitation and the quality of drinking water, reflecting impr ... | 2000 | 10683551 |
| sources of infection among persons with acute hepatitis a and no identified risk factors during a sustained community-wide outbreak. | hepatitis a is a common vaccine-preventable disease in the united states. most cases occur during community-wide outbreaks, which can be difficult to control. many case-patients have no identified source. | 2000 | 11015549 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus and varicella zoster antibodies in a javanese community (yogyakarta, indonesia). | hepatitis a virus (hav) cause an acute inflammation of the liver. varicella-zoster virus (vzv) cause chickenpox (varicella) and herpes zoster. effective vaccines against hepatitis a and varicella are available for children, adolescents and adults. in order to implement an appropriate vaccination policy, a baseline to assess the potential benefits and sections of the population who would benefit most are required. we investigated seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus and varicella zoster antibodies ... | 2000 | 11023059 |
| hepatitis a shifting epidemiology in the middle east and africa. | data on the endemicity of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in africa and the middle east are scant, but most of africa appears to remain a high endemicity region, with the exception of subpopulations in some areas, e.g. white people in south africa. saudi arabia is a model for the middle east, and is a country in which shifting hav epidemiology has been documented in recent years, concurrent with the social and economic development that has occurred over the last two decades. earlier studies ge ... | 2000 | 10683552 |
| heat inactivation of hepatitis a virus in dairy foods. | experiments were performed to determine the thermal resistance of hepatitis a virus (hav) in three types of dairy products containing increased amounts of fat content (skim milk, homogenized milk; 3.5% mfg, and table cream; 18% mfg). hav-inoculated dairy products were introduced into custom-made u-shaped microcapillary tubes that in turn were simultaneously immersed in a waterbath, using custom-made floating boats and a carrying platform. following exposure to the desired time and temperature co ... | 2000 | 10772219 |
| a case of acute hepatitis a with marked hemophagocytosis in bone marrow. | a previously well 18-year-old female was referred to our hospital because of abnormalities of blood biochemistry and slight jaundice. because serum aspartate aminotransferase (ast) and alanine aminotransferase (alt) levels were elevated more than 6000 iu/l, the patient was suspected to have acute viral hepatitis. the platelet count on admission was 9.7x10(4)/µl, which was decreased from the initial value of 21x10(4)/µl for 3 days. the coagulation tests revealed marked elevation of d-dimmer, fibr ... | 2000 | 10794974 |
| immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the combined hepatitis a and b vaccine in young adults. | the combination of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) vaccinations can offer convenience, increased compliance and cost saving. we have studied the immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety of combined hepatitis a and b vaccination in young adults (16-35 years old). eighty healthy young adults were divided into two random groups. one group received the combined hepatitis a and b vaccine (hab) in one arm while the other group was administered concomitant hepatitis a and b vaccine ... | 2000 | 11027806 |
| [algorithm for specific laboratory diagnosis in viral hepatitis among inpatients (lecture)]. | 2000 | 11031429 | |
| pancreatitis following hepatitis a vaccination. | we describe a 23-year-old male patient who presented with epigastric abdominal pain, 8 days following vaccination with inactivated hepatitis a virus (haverix(r)). clinical and laboratory data confirmed the diagnosis of pancreatitis. repeat polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for hepatitis a replication was negative. a comprehensive evaluation ruled out other etiologies for pancreatitis. igm hepatitis a antibodies did not develop even after 3 months. pancreatitis following hepatitis a is a well-known ... | 2000 | 10806126 |
| use of filter paper disks for hepatitis a surveillance. | venous blood collection is a cumbersome and uncomfortable procedure during hepatitis a surveillance. collection of capillary blood by finger prick is an alternative method. | 2000 | 11059181 |
| hepatitis a virus replication: an intermediate in the uncoating process. | dense, rnase-sensitive, vp2-containing, non-infectious hepatitis a virus (hav) particles were found to be formed at early times after the infection of cultured cells. these particles formed with kinetics mirroring those reported for hav uncoating. the kinetics of the formation of dense hav particles corresponded to a decrease in detectable, mature input virions, as detected by rna dot blot hybridization of cscl density gradient fractions. the dense hav particles did not appear to have altered se ... | 2000 | 10773736 |
| neutralization of hepatitis a virus (hav) by an immunoadhesin containing the cysteine-rich region of hav cellular receptor-1. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infects african green monkey kidney (agmk) cells via the hav cellular receptor-1 (havcr-1), a mucin-like type 1 integral-membrane glycoprotein of unknown natural function. the ectodomain of havcr-1 contains an n-terminal immunoglobulin-like cysteine-rich region (d1), which binds protective monoclonal antibody (mab) 190/4, followed by an o-glycosylated mucin-like threonine-serine-proline-rich region that extends d1 well above the cell surface. to study the interaction of h ... | 2001 | 11134285 |
| prospective study of pathogen burden and risk of myocardial infarction or death. | we previously demonstrated that the risk of coronary artery disease (cad) increased in relation to the number of pathogens (the "pathogen burden") in a cross-sectional study. in the present prospective study with a different patient cohort, we evaluated the effect of pathogen burden on the risk of myocardial infarction (mi) or death among cad patients. | 2001 | 11136684 |
| the cost-saving potential of prevaccination antibody tests when implementing a mass immunization program. | a seroprevalence study of hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) was carried out among saudi arabian national guard soldiers with the objective of determining the cost-saving potential of prevaccination antibody tests when implementing an immunization program for the soldiers. a systematic sampling of 450 blood samples from 1,350 soldiers who donated blood at our hospital was carried out. antibody tests were performed using the enzyme-linked immunosorb ... | 2001 | 11197089 |
| [assessment of the pcr-southern blot technique for the analysis of viremia in patients with acute hepatitis a]. | assessment of viremia in hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is not frequently performed with conventional methods because the techniques used are laborious, have low sensitivity are usually performed in feces. the aims of this study were to develop a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and southern blot technique to detect hav-rna in the serum of patients with acute hav infection and to determine the relationship between hav-rna and anti-hav igm and alanine aminotransferase (alt) levels. the presence ... | 2001 | 11219133 |
| infection with hepatitis a and tt viruses and socioeconomic status in rio de janeiro, brazil. | the prevalence of antibodies directed against the enterically transmitted hepatitis a virus (hav) was measured in 2 groups of people living in rio de janeiro, brazil. of 1,056 health care workers (hcws), 778 (73.7%) were anti-hav positive. a high prevalence of anti-hav antibodies (85.7%) was also found among 274 voluntary blood donors (bds). tt virus (ttv) is a dna virus that has been found in the sera of patients with post-transfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology. occurrence of virus shedding ... | 2001 | 11233846 |
| rapid decline of antibodies after hepatitis a immunization in liver and renal transplant recipients. | hepatitis a vaccine is safe and achieves good seroconversion rates in liver (ltx) and renal (rtx) transplant recipients. | 2001 | 11233913 |
| infection of hepatitis a virus in japanese haemophiliacs. | outbreaks of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in haemophiliacs have been reported from many countries. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis a virus antibody (havab) in japanese haemophiliacs. | 2001 | 11243755 |
| hepatitis a: old and new. | the hepatitis a virus (hav), a picornavirus, is a common cause of hepatitis worldwide. spread of infection is generally person to person or by oral intake after fecal contamination of skin or mucous membranes; less commonly, there is fecal contamination of food or water. hepatitis a is endemic in developing countries, and most residents are exposed in childhood. in contrast, the adult population in developed countries demonstrates falling rates of exposure with improvements in hygiene and sanita ... | 2001 | 11148002 |
| viral hepatitis during pregnancy. | a great degree of controversy prevails over the existing reports on the severity and outcome of acute viral hepatitis (avh) during pregnancy. the present study describes the outcome of avh associated with pregnancy. a correlation was also assessed for gestation period, viral etiology and outcome of avh. | 2001 | 11166742 |
| suppression of hepatitis b virus replication mediated by hepatitis a-induced cytokine production. | acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection can cause severe hepatitis especially in patients with underlying chronic liver disease. in patients with pre-existing chronic hepatitis b (hbv) acute hav infection can suppress hbv replication. the exact mechanism of hbv suppression during acute hav infection is still a subject of debate. one mechanism may be the production of hav infection-induced cytokines leading to suppression of hbv replication and viral clearance. | 2001 | 11169072 |
| molecular epidemiology of hepatitis a virus in amsterdam, the netherlands. | the transmission of sporadic community-acquired hepatitis a virus (hav) among different risk groups in amsterdam was verified by applying molecular techniques on fecal samples. these were collected in 1997/1998 from 33 persons with hav infection that was confirmed serologically. from 8 of these persons serial stool samples were collected. nested rt-pcr targeting the vp3-vp1 and vp1-p2a regions followed by sequence analysis established the duration of fecal hav rna excretion in stool and the epid ... | 2001 | 11170043 |
| [autoimmune hepatitis with prolonged igm antibodies to hav. are serological markers reliable in ruling out a diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis?]. | we present the case of a 44-year-old woman who was referred to us for jaundice, choluria and acholia. review of the patient's clinical history revealed that tests for hepatitis a virus (hav) igm antibody had been positive 4 and 2 years previously and continued to be so. the patient showed a score of 16 in the international autoimmune hepatitis group's system when the hav marker was not taken into account and a score of 13 when this marker was taken into account. the persistence of this viral mar ... | 2001 | 11674957 |
| genetic analysis of hepatitis a virus outbreak in france confirms the co-circulation of subgenotypes ia, ib and reveals a new genetic lineage. | genetic analysis of selected genome regions of hepatitis a virus (hav) suggested that distinct genotype could be defined in different geographic locations. in order to study the degree of genetic variability among hav isolated during a single epidemic outbreak, sequences from a 148 base pair segment within the vp1 amino terminal region were obtained for eight distinct hav isolates from an outbreak that occurred in north bretagne (france). these sequences were compared among themselves and with p ... | 2001 | 11536228 |
| yield and future issues of nucleic acid testing. | despite the much lower actual yield than that estimated for hepatitis c virus (hcv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) nucleic acid testing (nat)-only positives in the usa and germany, look-back procedures have revealed that no hcv transmission has occurred in germany since the introduction of nat. this indicates sufficient sensitivity of the pool-pcr approach. the slow ramp-up of hepatitis b virus (hbv) however, may require a different approach. it has been shown in germany that the pooling ... | 2001 | 11499978 |
| human enteric viruses in coquina clams associated with a large hepatitis a outbreak. | an outbreak of hepatitis a, affecting 183 people, occurred in valencia (spain). epidemiological evidence pointed to an association of the outbreak with consumption of coquina clams (donax sp), imported frozen from peru. shellfish were analysed for the presence of hepatitis a virus (hav), enteroviruses, rotaviruses, astroviruses, caliciviruses and hepatitis e virus. hav was detected in 75% of assayed shellfish samples. other enteric viruses were occasionally found in the same samples. molecular e ... | 2001 | 11464770 |
| experimental hepatitis a virus infection in guinea pigs. | although many of the properties of hepatitis a virus (hav) are known, several aspects of hav pathogenesis are still not understood, such as the mechanism underlying the hepatotropism or hav replication in extrahepatic sites. detailed studies of these aspects were hampered mostly by the lack of accessible animal models, since only nonhuman primates are susceptible to experimental infections. an alternative animal model would also be of interest to assess the primary replication site and for the e ... | 2001 | 11468723 |
| tt virus infection in cases of fulminant hepatic failure-evaluation by clonality based on amino acid sequence of hypervariable regions. | the significance of tt virus (ttv) infection in the pathogenesis of acute liver disease is uncertain. serum ttv-dna was determined by polymarase-chain reaction (pcr) methods using both hemi-nested (ng059/ng063 and ng061/ng063) and single-step (t801/t935) primers in four patients with fulminant hepatic failure and one patient with late onset hepatic failure in whom hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) markers were negative. of these five patients, the ttv-dna was positive in two pa ... | 2001 | 11470631 |
| activity of the hepatitis a virus ires requires association between the cap-binding translation initiation factor (eif4e) and eif4g. | the question of whether translation initiation factor eif4e and the complete eif4g polypeptide are required for initiation dependent on the ires (internal ribosome entry site) of hepatitis a virus (hav) has been examined using in vitro translation in standard and eif4g-depleted rabbit reticulocyte lysates. in agreement with previous publications, the hav ires is unique among all picornavirus iress in that it was inhibited if translation initiation factor eif4g was cleaved by foot-and-mouth disea ... | 2001 | 11483729 |
| detailed analysis of the requirements of hepatitis a virus internal ribosome entry segment for the eukaryotic initiation factor complex eif4f. | the hepatitis a virus (hav) internal ribosome entry segment (ires) is unique among the picornavirus iress in that it is inactive in the presence of either the entero- and rhinovirus 2a or aphthovirus lb proteinases. since these proteinases both cleave eukaryotic initiation factor 4g (eif4g) and hav ires activity could be rescued in vitro by addition of eif4f to proteinase-treated extracts, it was concluded that the hav ires requires eif4f containing intact eif4g. here, we show that the inability ... | 2001 | 11483730 |
| analysis of full-length hepatitis a virus genome in sera from patients with fulminant and self-limited acute type a hepatitis. | type a hepatitis still poses a considerable problem worldwide. why some patients progress to fulminant type a hepatitis and others do not is still unknown. to examine whether genomic differences of hepatitis a virus (hav) are responsible for the severity of the disease, we analyzed the whole hav genomes from patients with fulminant and self-limited acute type a hepatitis. | 2001 | 11495028 |
| hepatitis c and cirrhotic liver disease in the nile delta of egypt: a community-based study. | residents of egypt's nile river delta have among the world's highest seroprevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. to assess the impact of hcv on chronic liver disease, we studied the association between hcv, other hepatitis viruses, and cirrhotic liver disease in a cross-sectional, community-based survey of 801 persons aged > or = 10 years living in a semi-urban, nile delta village. residents were systematically sampled using questionnaires, physical examination, abdominal ultrasonograph ... | 2001 | 11442209 |
| risks associated with hepatitis a and hepatitis b in patients with hepatitis c. | individuals with hepatitis c virus (hcv) are at risk for acquiring hepatitis a virus (hav) or hepatitis b virus (hbv) because of shared risk factors. a number of organizations recommend vaccination against hav and hbv for patients with hcv. the rationale for vaccinating these patients is to prevent hepatic superinfections. acute hav superinfection causes more severe disease, acute hepatic failure, and higher fatality rates in patients with underlying chronic liver disease, specifically chronic h ... | 2001 | 11418785 |
| molecular epidemiology of viral pathogens and tracing of transmission routes: hepatitis-, calici- and hantaviruses. | background: the need to rapidly identify new therapeutic drugs and vaccines for clinically important viral infections has resulted in intensive study of the molecular properties of viruses. modern molecular techniques have provided tools for tracing infections and studying the evolution of viruses. objective study and design: two examples illustrating how modern molecular techniques can be used in clinical virology and molecular epidemiology (hepatitis and caliciviruses), and one example documen ... | 2001 | 11397654 |
| closed-circuit system for the depuration of mussels experimentally contaminated with hepatitis a virus. | in italy, the consumption of raw or slightly cooked mussels represents the most important risk factor for the transmission of hepatitis a virus (hav). although there exist effective methods for the bacterial depuration of contaminated mussels, these methods are poorly effective on enteric viruses. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a closed-circuit depuration system that uses both ozone and uv light for disinfecting water and that allows salinity and temperat ... | 2001 | 11403143 |
| allogenic bone marrow transplantation with a donor presenting with an acute hepatitis a. | we report the unique occurrence of an allogenic bone marrow transplantation performed as the donor was suffering from an acute hepatitis a. the bone marrow was contaminated at the time of collection, as demonstrated by hepatitis a virus (hav) rna detected by rt-pcr. hepatitis a virus infection in such a situation could have resulted in a severe liver disease in the recipient. however, although we could demonstrate that the recipient had been infected, he did not develop a symptomatic hepatitis a ... | 2001 | 11394666 |
| epstein-barr virus specific salivary antibodies as related to stress caused by examinations. | epstein-barr virus (ebv) is prevalent in 90% of the population. after primary infection it remains in a latent state and the majority of the virus carriers are asymptomatic during their life. among the immunocompromized patients such as organ and bone marrow transplant recipients, individuals lacking t cell immunity, and patients treated with corticosteroid, cancer, and aids patients ebv primary infection and reactivation can cause life threatening diseases. immunosupression may occur also durin ... | 2001 | 11360247 |
| interaction study of peptide from vp3 capsid protein of hepatitis a virus through monolayers and fluorescence spectroscopy. | a synthetic peptide with the sequence [lys113]vp3(110--121): fwrkdlvfdfqv, corresponding to an epitope of the vp3 capsid protein of hepatitis a virus (hav), was synthesized by solid phase and characterized. to obtain insight into its physicochemical properties and to understand its possible mechanism of action at the membrane level, interaction with dppc or dppc/dppg (95/5) liposomes and lipid monolayers of dppc, dppg, sa, ps, pa and sm were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and langmuir--blo ... | 2001 | 11312535 |
| improved method for the recovery of hepatitis a virus from oysters. | hepatitis a is one of the major infectious diseases epidemiologically associated with worldwide shellfish consumption. molecular detection using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect hepatitis a virus (hav) in contaminated shellfish can be hindered by low virus recoveries during the concentration process and by natural pcr inhibitors in shellfish. this study evaluated and modified two major steps of a processing procedure for virus concentration from oysters: acid adsorption-elution and solv ... | 2001 | 11337037 |
| genetic relatedness of cuban hav wild-type isolates. | knowledge of the nucleotide sequence in the region of the putative vp1/2a junction of the hepatitis a virus (hav) genome has enabled differentiation of hav strains and their classification into seven genotypes, in some of which sub-genotypes a and b can be defined. a 168 base segment encompassing the putative vp1/2a junction of 27 clinical wild-type isolates of hav from cuba was amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced. the cuban isolates are clustered with ... | 2001 | 11360240 |
| an outbreak of hepatitis a associated with green onions. | forty-three cases of serologically confirmed hepatitis a occurred among individuals who ate at restaurant a in ohio in 1998. serum samples from all restaurant a employees who worked during the exposure period were negative for igm antibodies to hepatitis a virus (hav). a matched case-control study determined that foods containing green onions, which were eaten by 38 (95%) of 40 case patients compared with 30 (50%) of 60 control subjects, were associated with illness (matched odds ratio, 12.7; 95 ... | 2001 | 11262211 |
| serological and molecular testing in viral hepatitis: an update. | the routine serological diagnoses of the three major forms of viral hepatitis - a, b and c - as well as delta hepatitis, are important in the evaluation of acute and chronic viral hepatitis. increasingly, molecular virology is also being used to evaluate patients with chronic hepatitis c, with genotype and viral load testing to plan therapy. | 2001 | 11264571 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a virus and hepatitis b virus immunity in patients with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed hepatitis c: implications for vaccination strategy. | administration of vaccine for hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) is recommended for patients with chronic hepatitis c (chc) because of the potential for increased severity of acute hepatitis superimposed on existing liver disease. the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of antibodies directed against hav and hbv in patients with chc, analyze demographic and risk factors associated with this prevalence, and develop a cost-effective vaccination strategy. | 2001 | 11280565 |
| icc/pcr detection of enteroviruses and hepatitis a virus in environmental samples. | this study applied the integrated cell culture/polymerase chain reaction methodology (icc/pcr) for rapid and specific detection of both cytopathogenic and noncytopathogenic viruses. results of this study showed that the use of direct rt-pcr or conventional cell culture alone may yield erroneous results with the analysis of environmental samples. the purpose of this study was to compare cultural, molecular, and combined assays for the most effective method of virus detection in variable environme ... | 2001 | 11261495 |
| the epidemiology of hepatitis a infection in palestine: a universal vaccination programme is not yet needed. | in palestine, there has been an increase in the reported incidence of acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection since 1995. since overt clinical disease occurs only among adults, questions were raised whether or not a shift in the epidemiology of hav has occurred. this is generally characterized by a decrease in the overall incidence rate and a shifting in the mean age of infection towards adolescence and early adulthood. the need for a vaccination programme is being discussed. to resolve this iss ... | 2001 | 11693511 |
| molecular epidemiology of hepatitis a virus in korea. | the prevalence of antibodies for hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) in adolescents and young adults has decreased remarkably following the economic growth in korea. as a result, this age group has a high risk for hav infection paradoxically, and over 1500 cases of clinically overt hepatitis a occurred in 1998. human isolates of hepatitis a virus (hav) are categorized within four genotypes (i, ii, iii, and vii). in some geographic regions, closely related isolates cluster, suggesting endemic spread of ... | 2001 | 11350547 |
| antibodies to hepatitis a virus in italian patients with chronic liver disease. | to improve our knowledge for future hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccination strategies we carried out a multicentre study on naturally acquired immunological protection against hav in patients with chronic hepatitis in italy. we enrolled 830 consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis on their first observation at one of the six italian liver units participating in the study. six hundred and fifty-eight patients (79.3%) were positive for total anti-hav and 172 (20.7%) were negative. the anti-hav neg ... | 2001 | 11693512 |
| perinuclear accumulation of hepatitis a virus proteins, rna, and particles and ultrastructural alterations in infected cells. | the exact intracellular site of hepatitis a virus (hav) production is unknown, possibly due to its usually slow and inefficient replication. using immunocytochemistry and in-situ rt-pcr, we show that in cells infected with the rapidly replicating hav strain has-15, viral proteins and rna are scattered throughout the cytoplasm and accumulate in the perinuclear cytoplasmic area. various ultrastructural alterations were found in infected cells, such as large polyribosomes, swelling of the perinucle ... | 2001 | 11811680 |
| immunization strategies to control a community-wide hepatitis a epidemic. | one fifth of 527 cases of hepatitis a occurred in self-identified injection drug users during a community-wide epidemic in spokane county (washington) in 1997-8. we hypothesized that an immunization campaign targeted at illicit drug users could control the epidemic. starting in may 1998, hepatitis a vaccine was provided to individuals in jails and other sites frequented by illicit drug users. volunteers at vaccination sites were surveyed about risk. serial convenience samples of jail inmates who ... | 2001 | 11811879 |
| an outbreak of hepatitis a amongst injecting drug users. | this descriptive study investigated an outbreak of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection among injecting drug users (idus) and their contacts. twenty-seven cases of acute hav infection were identified in a 5-month period. connections with the local injecting drug using (idu) population were established for 25 of the cases of whom 14 admitted to injecting drug use. hav rna genotyping revealed two hav variants, closely related to variants found in scandinavian idus and in south east asia. the study de ... | 2001 | 11811880 |
| genetic analysis of hepatitis a virus strains recovered from the environment and from patients with acute hepatitis. | the molecular epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) was studied by analysing hav strains recovered from environmental water samples over a 7 year period and strains recovered from patients with acute hepatitis over a 5 year period. a total of 54 samples of raw domestic sewage and 66 samples of river water were collected. hav particles were concentrated and detected by nested rt-pcr. hav infection in patients with acute hepatitis was serologically diagnosed in 26 of 74 serum samples, which were ... | 2001 | 11714971 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus by the nucleic acid sequence-based amplification technique and comparison with reverse transcription-pcr. | a nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) technique for the detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) in foods was developed and compared to the traditional reverse transcription (rt)-pcr technique. oligonucleotide primers targeting the vp1 and vp2 genes encoding the major hav capsid proteins were used for the amplification of viral rna in an isothermal process resulting in the accumulation of rna amplicons. amplicons were detected by hybridization with a digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide ... | 2001 | 11722911 |
| identification of tapr (an airway hyperreactivity regulatory locus) and the linked tim gene family. | to simplify the analysis of asthma susceptibility genes located at human chromosome 5q23-35, we examined congenic mice that differed at the homologous chromosomal segment. we identified a mendelian trait encoded by t cell and airway phenotype regulator (tapr). tapr is genetically distinct from known cytokine genes and controls the development of airway hyperreactivity and t cell production of interleukin 4 (il-4) and il-13. positional cloning identified a gene family that encodes t cell membrane ... | 2001 | 11725301 |
| fecal shedding of hepatitis a virus in indian patients with hepatitis a and in experimentally infected rhesus monkey. | hepatitis a is highly endemic in india. the surveillance reports for the disease from this region are primarily based on the demonstration of hepatitis a virus (hav) specific serum igm and igg antibodies. the present study was conducted to assess the presence and duration of fecal shedding of hav in patients with hepatitis a and in an experimentally infected rhesus monkey. nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was applied to fecal specimens from 67 sporadic cases of hep ... | 2001 | 11251306 |
| guidelines for the control of hepatitis a virus infection. | the phls advisory committee on vaccination and immunisation, following a review of the evidence on control measures for preventing hepatitis a virus (hav) infection and widespread consultation, has prepared the following guidelines. they include a description of the current epidemiology of hav infection in england and wales, where most individuals are now susceptible to hav. hav infection is uncommon, with around 1000 infections notified per year in england and wales. clusters occur in families ... | 2001 | 11732363 |
| perspectives: towards a peptide-based vaccine against hepatitis c virus. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a widespread infectious disease in humans with the negative implication of becoming chronic in most persons. patients infected with hcv are at risk of liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma at later stages. in contrast to hepatitis a and hepatitis b, there is no immunization yet available, neither prophylactic nor therapeutic. thus, there is an urgent need to develop a safe, protective vaccine against this fatal disease. developing countries are even more at risk ... | 2001 | 11741697 |
| adaptation of primate cell-adapted hepatitis a virus strain hm175 to growth in guinea pig cells is independent of mutations in the 5' nontranslated region. | previous studies of hepatitis a virus (hav) genotypes after adaptation of wild-type virus to growth in cell cultures of primate origin identified determinants for growth in cell culture in the viral 2b and 2c protein-coding regions of the genome and demonstrated that an increased growth efficiency in a particular cell line was achieved by subsequent mutations in the 5' nontranslated region (5'ntr). the results reported in this study demonstrate that the passage of hav adapted to primate bs-c-1 c ... | 2001 | 11172101 |
| characterization of recombinant hepatitis a virus genomes containing exogenous sequences at the 2a/2b junction. | hepatitis a virus (hav) differs from other members of the family picornaviridae in that the cleavage of the polyprotein at the 2a/2b junction, commonly considered to be the primary polyprotein cleavage by analogy with other picornaviruses, is mediated by 3c(pro), the only proteinase encoded by the virus. however, it has never been formally demonstrated that the 2a/2b junction is the site of primary cleavage, and the actual function of the 2a sequence, which lacks homology with sequence of other ... | 2001 | 11152515 |
| detecting the presence of infectious hepatitis a virus in molluscs positive to rt-nested-pcr. | the objective of this study was to determine the presence of infectious hepatitis a virus (hav) in molluscs naturally contaminated with viral hav-rna. | 2001 | 11696097 |
| transmission of hepatitis a through household contact. | in the usa, cost effectiveness assessments support childhood hepatitis a vaccination in geographical areas with elevated disease rates, but not nationally. however, these studies do not address the reduction in disease transmission which may result from routine childhood vaccination. using decision analysis, we estimated the number and age distribution of secondary hepatitis a cases occurring within households with an index case. based on the age of the index case, we determined household size a ... | 2001 | 11703577 |
| [expression of hepatitis a virus recombinant proteins in escherichia coli]. | on the basis of coding regions on the fragments of genes p1 and p2 of hepatitis a virus (hav) recombinant proteins of this virus have been synthesized in the prokaryotic expressing system of e. coli, isolated and studied with the use of sera obtained from hepatitis a patients. the capacity of hav recombinant proteins for binding with the sera of patients with hepatitis a in the acute stage has been shown with the use of immunoblotting and the indirect solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. the results ... | 2001 | 11548267 |
| nucleic acid testing: update and applications. | nucleic acid testing (nat) holds the promise of closing the window of infectiousness for hepatitis c virus (hcv) and the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the general blood supply. pioneering work by the source plasma industry with nat for hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and parvovirus b19 suggests that, in the future, the risk of other viral infections may be reduced using similar technology. the european commission decree that, by july 1999, all source plasma for fraction ... | 2001 | 11685721 |
| combining hepatitis a and b vaccination in children and adolescents. | hepatitis a and b are common infections worldwide and their severity is related to the individual's age upon initial infection. furthermore, when hepatitis b infection occurs in infants, the risk of becoming a chronic carrier is 90%. for hepatitis a, the lower incidence of disease arising from an improvement in living conditions leaves a greater number of children, adolescents and young adults susceptible to residual circulating virus. consequently, initial infection occurs later in life when cl ... | 2001 | 11257370 |
| rapid and efficient extraction method for reverse transcription-pcr detection of hepatitis a and norwalk-like viruses in shellfish. | as part of an effort to develop a broadly applicable test for norwalk-like viruses and hepatitis a virus (hav) in shellfish, a rapid extraction method that is suitable for use with one-step reverse transcription (rt)-pcr-based detection methods was developed. the method involves virus extraction using a ph 9.5 glycine buffer, polyethylene glycol (peg) precipitation, tri-reagent, and purification of viral poly(a) rna by using magnetic poly(dt) beads. this glycine-peg-tri-reagent-poly(dt) method c ... | 2001 | 11526018 |
| global market: shellfish imports as a source of reemerging food-borne hepatitis a virus infections in spain. | a total of 16 mollusk imports from south america to spain, including clam and scallop species, were analyzed for hepatitis a virus (hav), due to the great concern about this type of food after an important hepatitis a outbreak in eastern spain in september 1999. in addition, clams from the stock that had caused the outbreak were also tested. of the 17 stocks, four were positive for the presence of hav rna as demonstrated by rt-pcr and southern hybridization. contradictory analyses confirmed the ... | 2001 | 12051566 |
| hepatitis a virus: a test method for virucidal activity. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is closely related to the genus enterovirus. hav is very stable and resistant to acid ph and elevated temperature, as well as to chemicals and environmental influences. human poliovirus is still one of the model viruses for testing disinfectants but there are discussions about changing to hepatitis a virus. the purpose of this study was to develop a method for using adapted hepatitis a virus to test hand disinfectants. using hav strains hm175/24a and frhk-4 cytopathic eff ... | 2001 | 11759019 |
| [chronic hepatitis c and risk for hepatitis a infection]. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-hav antibodies and factors associated with hav infection amongst patients with chronic hepatitis c. the prevalence of anti-hav antibodies in hepatitis c patients was 69.2% and did not differ significantly from 63.3% observed in the group of healthy controls. in patients with chronic hepatitis c the occurrence of hav antibodies was not associated with the duration of hcv infection, history of transfusions and surgeries. there was a ten ... | 2001 | 11761835 |
| prevalence of markers for hepatitis a, b and c in the german population. results of the german national health interview and examination survey 1998. | the prevalence of serological parameters indicative of infection with hepatitis a, b and c was determined using sera collected from representative population samples in the former east german (new) federal states and the west german (old) federal states during the german national health and examination survey in 1998. sera were tested for antibodies to hepatitis a virus (hav), to hepatitis b core antigen (hbc) and to hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), hepatitis c virus (hcv), as well as for th ... | 2001 | 11855576 |
| change in hepatitis a virus seroepidemiology in southern taiwan: a large percentage of the population lack protective antibody. | hepatitis a, the predominant reported etiologic form of viral hepatitis in taiwan, continues to be a disease primarily of children and young adults. a seroepidemiologic study was performed to assess the seroprevalence of hepatitis a (hav) antibodies in the southern taiwan general population in 1998 and is compared with results of a similar study in 1992. a total of 948 subjects (477 male and 471 female) with ages ranging from 0.3 to 63 years were stratified into 14 age-specific groups. the prese ... | 2001 | 11360241 |
| an outbreak of hepatitis a among young men associated with having sex in public venues. | an increase in hepatitis a virus (hav) infection was noted among young men in the former thames regions during 1997. a retrospective case-control study, using a standardised questionnaire at interview, was conducted in the area most affected (london and east sussex) to investigate the hypothesis that this increase was mainly among homosexual men and to establish the risk factors associated with transmission. forty-eight cases and 161 controls completed questionnaires. forty-one cases (85%) descr ... | 2001 | 11732354 |
| [safety and immunogenicity of a new inactivated hepatitis a vaccine]. | to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a new inactivated hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine. | 2001 | 11986726 |
| protracted, but not acute, hepatitis a virus infection is strongly associated with hla-drb*1301, a marker for pediatric autoimmune hepatitis. | hla alleles are known to be associated with susceptibility to develop autoimmune hepatitis (ah), and hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is postulated as a putative trigger for ah. we investigated whether hla may influence the outcome of the hav infection by studying 67 children with self-limited and 39 children with protracted forms of this infection. hla typing of the uncomplicated forms showed no significant increase of any hla class i or ii alleles. in contrast, drb1*1301 was present in 46.1% ... | 2001 | 11391541 |
| hepatitis a control in a refugee camp by active immunization. | an outbreak of hepatitis a occurred among children of a refugee camp in croatia. in order to disrupt the outbreak, we decided to vaccinate children from 1 to 15 years of age in the camp, in addition to intensified general preventive measures. assuming high prevalence of hepatitis a virus antibodies within this population, we conducted anti-hav testing of the children eligible for vaccination. of 108 children tested, 74 (68.5%) were anti-hav positive. we vaccinated 34 children. one month after va ... | 2001 | 11395194 |
| a new g-tailing method for the determination of the poly(a) tail length applied to hepatitis a virus rna. | to study the role of the poly(a) tail length during the replication of poly(a)-containing plus-strand rna virus, we have developed a simple reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr)-based method that substantially improves the previously reported pat [poly(a) test] assay. in contrast to the pat assay, the new method is based on the enzymatic 3' elongation of mrna with guanosine residues, thus immediately preserving the 3' end of the rna and creating a unique poly(a)-oligo(g) junct ... | 2001 | 11410680 |
| immunoglobulin a nephropathy associated with hepatitis a virus infection. | renal involvement in association with nonfulminant hepatitis a virus (hav) infections have been reported infrequently and when present have been characterized by mild proteinuria, microscopic hematuria and slight urinary sediment abnormalities. acute renal failure and nephrotic syndrome are extremely rare complications. this report describes a case of acute renal failure and nephrotic syndrome following a nonfulminant course of hav infection with biopsy proven immunoglobulin a nephropathy. the c ... | 2001 | 11411012 |
| immunogenicity of hepatitis a vaccination in decompensated cirrhotic patients. | hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccination is recommended in chronic liver disease because of an increased morbidity and mortality associated with hav superinfection. however, data regarding the efficacy of hav vaccination in patients with advanced chronic liver disease is limited. we assessed the efficacy of a standard hav vaccination schedule in decompensated chronic liver disease in comparison with compensated disease and defined clinical predictors associated with seroconversion. eighty-four anti-h ... | 2001 | 11431730 |
| changing epidemiology of hepatitis a and hepatitis e in urban and rural india (1982-98). | the epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) was assessed among age-stratified urban high socioeconomic, lower middle socioeconomic status and rural populations from western india in 1998. when compared with previous surveys, a clear shift from high to intermediate endemicity of hav was evident only for higher socioeconomic population (1982-98), raising the possibility of outbreaks of hepatitis a in this category. a decrease in anti-hav positivity was noted in rural ch ... | 2001 | 11454182 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis a infection in india: changing pattern. | recent changes in the epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection and the availability of effective vaccines have renewed interest in this infection. we determined the age-related prevalence of anti-hav antibodies in india and looked for differences by known risk factors for hav infection. | 2001 | 11497169 |