Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted ascending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
what's bugging you? an update on the treatment of head lice infestation.head lice infestation (pediculosis capitis) is a common problem in paediatric practice. it can cause considerable distress to children and their families and may lead to bullying and social stigmatisation. therapy with "conventional" topical pediculicides with neurotoxic mode of action-such as malathion, permethrin, phenothrin and carbaryl-is increasingly associated with treatment failure as a result of the emergence of resistance within the parasite population. this review provides an overview ...201120688849
effects of blood type and blood handling on feeding success, longevity and egg production in the body louse, pediculus humanus humanus.the effects of feeding different types of human blood to human body lice, pediculus humanus humanus l. (phthiraptera: pediculidae), on feeding success, longevity and numbers of eggs laid were investigated using an artificial blood-feeding system in the laboratory. no significant differences were found between lice fed on different human blood types for any of the parameters tested. however, when lice were fed on human blood of one blood type followed immediately by a different blood type, they t ...201120678099
[eczematous skin lesions of the neck. don't overlook head lice!]. 201122329323
ivermectin acts as a posteclosion nymphicide by reducing blood feeding of human head lice (anoplura: pediculidae) that hatched from treated eggs.the 0.5% ivermectin topical cream formulation was not directly ovicidal to treated eggs of head lice, as hatchability was not decreased. nevertheless, the percent of hatched lice from treated eggs that took a blood meal significantly decreased (80-95%) compared with lice that hatched from untreated eggs and all treated lice died within 48 h of hatching, including those that fed. dilutions of ivermectin formulation of 0.15 and 0.2 microg/ml, which were topically applied to 0-8 d old eggs, were no ...201122238876
risk factors associated with head louse infestation in korea.head louse infestation (hli) is one of the most frequently occurring parasitic diseases in children. this study was conducted to investigate the socioeconomic and personal factors influencing hli in the republic of korea. a total of 2,210 questionnaires about various factors related to hli were obtained from children in 17 primary schools throughout the country. the rate of hli was significantly lower in children who lived together with mother or in a family where both parents worked. in additio ...201121461277
a nationwide survey of prevalence of pediculosis in children and adolescents in iran.since 2005, pediculosis is one of the obligatory reportable diseases from community to the center of disease control. this study is the first nationwide survey on the prevalence of pediculosis and some associated risk factors in iranian children and adolescents.201122737457
discovery of catalytically active orthologues of the parkinson's disease kinase pink1: analysis of substrate specificity and impact of mutations.missense mutations of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (pten)-induced kinase 1 (pink1) gene cause autosomal-recessive parkinson's disease. to date, little is known about the intrinsic catalytic properties of pink1 since the human enzyme displays such low kinase activity in vitro. we have discovered that, in contrast to mammalian pink1, insect orthologues of pink1 we have investigated-namely drosophila melanogaster (dpink1), tribolium castaneum (tcpink1) and pediculus humanus corporis (phcpink1 ...201122645651
the ovicidal, larvacidal and adulticidal properties of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl against drosophila melanogaster.insecticide resistance has limited the number of available chemical options for insect pest control. hence there is a need for new chemistries with novel modes of action. here we investigate the mode of action for an insecticide that has not yet been released for commercial use. the ovicidal, larvacidal and adulticidal effects of 5,5'-dimethyl -2, 2'-dipyridyl (termed ha44), which is being developed as a treatment for head lice, were evaluated in the drosophila melanogaster model system. ha44 de ...201223185497
housing and dustbathing effects on northern fowl mites (ornithonyssus sylviarum) and chicken body lice (menacanthus stramineus) on hens.hen housing (cage or cage-free) did not impact overall abundances of northern fowl mites, ornithonyssus sylviarum (canestrini & fanzago) (acari: macronyssidae), or chicken body lice, menacanthus stramineus (nitzsch) (phthiraptera: menoponidae). cage-free hens received a dustbox with sand plus diatomaceous earth (de), kaolin clay or sulphur. weekly use varied from none to 100% of hens; 73% of hens used the dustbox at least once. ectoparasite populations on dustbathing hens (users) were compared w ...201222458590
white piedra and pediculosis capitis in the same patient.white piedra is a superficial mycosis caused by the genus trichosporon. it is characterized by nodules on the hair shaft. pediculosis capitis is caused by pediculus humanus var. capitis of the suborder anoplura. whereas pediculosis is a common infestation, clinical reports of white piedra are rare. molecular biology procedures identified t. inkin as the agent of white piedra in this case report. the authors present associations between the two diseases in the same patient in order to highlight t ...201223044579
variable microsatellite loci for population genetic analysis of old world monkey lice (pedicinus sp.).parasitic lice have been valuable informants of their host's evolutionary history because they complete their entire life cycle on the host and move between hosts primarily through direct host-to-host contact. therefore, lice are confined to their hosts both in ecological and evolutionary time. lice on great apes have been studied to examine details of their host's evolutionary history; however, species of pedicinus, which parasitize the old world monkeys, are less well known. we sampled lice fr ...201222509906
dermatologic infestations.head lice are transmitted by head to head contact. optimal therapy includes malathion lotion 0.5% repeated in one week left on for 30 minutes to 8 hours. spinosad topical suspension 0.9% repeated in one week left on for 10 minutes is another option. scabies is transmitted mainly by direct contact but also via heavily infested fomites due to crusted scabies. permethrin 5% cream to the body repeated in four days is often sufficient; however, scalp treatment with malathion lotion 0.5% is helpful in ...201222250620
why infest the loved ones--inherent human behaviour indicates former mutualism with head lice.head lice transmit to new hosts when people lean their heads together. humans frequently touch their heads to express friendship or love, while this behaviour is absent in apes. we hypothesize that this behaviour was adaptive because it enabled people to acquire head lice infestations as early as possible to provoke an immune response effective against both head lice and body lice throughout the subsequent periods of their life. this cross-immunity could provide some defence against the body-lou ...201222309598
a pediculid case: autosensitization dermatitis caused by pediculosis capitis.pediculosis capitis is a worldwide infestation caused by pediculus humanus capitis ectoparasite that only lives on the hairs of the scalp. as a result of severe itching excoriation, secondary bacterial infection, cervical and occipital lymphadenopathy are seen frequently where, sometimes bite reaction, viral exanthema mimicking hypersensitivity eruption and conjunctivitis may occur. hereby, with the presentation of a quite rarely seen pediculid case, characterized with common autosensitization d ...201223169166
epidemiological and clinical study of infested cases with pediculus capitis and p. corporis in khorasan-e-razavi, iran.pediculosis (head lice) is considered as one of the most common health problems of the students in primary schools. the purpose of this study was to survey the prevalence rate of the infestation in the schools of gonabad city (south of khorasan-e-razavi province) to prevent its outbreak by on-time planning.201223133477
single application of ivermectin lotion helps get rid of head lice. 201223131674
topical ivermectin--a step toward making head lice dead lice? 201223113487
topical 0.5% ivermectin lotion for treatment of head lice.the emergence of resistance to treatment complicates the public health problem of head-louse infestations and drives the need for continuing development of new treatments. there are limited data on the activity of ivermectin as a topical lousicide.201223113480
advancements in the treatment of head lice in pediatrics.head lice infestations occur commonly each year in children of all socioeconomic statuses. however, head lice have become more of a nuisance as resistance to first-line agents, such as permethrin 1% and pyrethrins, has increased. newer topical products provide unique mechanisms of action without current signs of resistance. as with older agents, proper application of products must be emphasized to ensure that treatment is effective. in addition, nonpharmacologic measures should be taken to avoid ...201223099312
evidence that head and body lice on homeless persons have the same genotype.human head lice and body lice are morphologically and biologically similar but have distinct ecologies. they were shown to have almost the same basic genetic content (one gene is absent in head lice), but differentially express certain genes, presumably responsible for the vector competence. they are now believed to be ecotypes of the same species (pediculus humanus) and based on mitochondrial studies, body lice have been included with head lice in one of three clades of human head lice (clade a ...201223049889
head lice infestation in schoolchildren and related factors in mafraq governorate, jordan.little is known about the effect of socioeconomic status on the infestation by head lice in schoolchildren in jordan.201222250625
pediculosis capitis among primary school children and related risk factors in urmia, the main city of west azarbaijan, iran.pediculosis capitis is cosmopolitan health problem. in addition to its physical problems, its psychological effects especially on pupils are more important. this study was conducted to determine the pediculosis capitis among primary school pupils and also find out the role of probable related risk factors in urmia city, iran 2010.201223293782
assessment of the efficacy and safety of a new treatment for head lice.infestation with head lice is a widespread, persistent, and recurring issue leading to serious health problems if untreated. we are facing resistance phenomena to usual pediculicides and questions about their direct or cumulative toxicity. the aim of this trial was to assess the efficacy of a new product, free of chemical insecticides but with a physical effect. this product contains components whose antilice efficacy has already been demonstrated, as well as andiroba oil which asphyxiates the l ...201223209928
spinosad: an effective and safe pediculicide.although head lice are not a major health hazard, they have been a source of irritation and disgust for thousands of years. despite the use of over-the-counter (otc) treatments, it has high prevalence, and epidemics occur regularly. permethrin 1% is currently recommended as a drug of choice, but many areas have shown resistance to this insecticide. a 0.9% suspension of spinosad, a naturally occurring pest control product, has recently been approved by the usfda for treatment of pediculosis capit ...201223189260
evolution of extensively fragmented mitochondrial genomes in the lice of humans.bilateral animals are featured by an extremely compact mitochondrial (mt) genome with 37 genes on a single circular chromosome. the human body louse, pediculus humanus, however, has its mt genes on 20 minichromosomes. we sequenced the mt genomes of two other human lice: the head louse, p. capitis, and the pubic louse, pthirus pubis. comparison among the three human lice revealed the presence of fragmented mt genomes in their most recent common ancestor, which lived ∼7 ma. the head louse has exac ...201223042553
spinosad for the treatment of head lice infestations.head lice infestations continue to be an issue in today's society, with an increase in economic cost and resistance. spinosad 0.9% topical suspension was recently introduced in the u.s. market as a novel agent with both pediculicidal and ovicidal activity, approved in children 4 years of age and older for the treatment of head lice infestations. in clinical trials, it has demonstrated effectiveness against head lice with permethrin resistance. in two clinical trials comparing spinosad to permeth ...201223032800
efficacy and safety of spinosad cream rinse for head lice-reply. 201222986862
efficacy and safety of spinosad cream rinse for head lice. 201222986861
effectiveness of isopropyl myristate/cyclomethicone d5 solution of removing cuticular hydrocarbons from human head lice (pediculus humanus capitis).in the treatment of human head lice infestation, healthcare providers are increasingly concerned about lice becoming resistant to existing pesticide treatments. traditional pesticides, used to control these pests, have a neurological mechanism of action. this publication describes a topical solution with a non-traditional mechanism of action, based on physical disruption of the wax layer that covers the cuticle of the louse exoskeleton. this topical solution has been shown clinically to cure 82% ...201222943314
head lice. 201222924319
an incurable itch: head lice.head lice infestations continue to be seen frequently in many communities. some of these children require multiple treatments before eradication. what are the current treatment recommendations for head lice?201222893334
stochastic epidemic models revisited: analysis of some continuous performance measures.we deal with stochastic epidemic models having a set of absorbing states. the aim of the paper is to study some continuous characteristics of the epidemic. in this sense, we first extend the classical study of the length of an outbreak by investigating the whole probability distribution of the extinction time via laplace transforms. moreover, we also study two almost new epidemic descriptors, namely, the time until a non-infected individual becomes infected and the time until the individual is r ...201222873587
ivermectin (sklice) topical lotion for head lice. 201222869290
activity of tea tree oil and nerolidol alone or in combination against pediculus capitis (head lice) and its eggs.head lice infestation is an emerging social problem in undeveloped and developed countries. because of louse resistance increasing, several long-used insecticidal compounds have lost their efficacy, and alternatives, such as essential oils, have been proposed to treat this parasitic infestation. the present study investigated the efficacy of two natural substances: tea tree (melaleuca alternifolia) oil and nerolidol (3,7,11-trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatrien-3-ol) against lice and its eggs. products w ...201222847279
pediculosis capitis: an update.head louse infestation, or pediculosis capitis, caused by pediculus humanus var. capitis, is a common health concern in pediatric age group. an itching of the scalp is the chief symptom, whereas presence of viable nits confirms the diagnosis of head louse infestation. secondary bacterial infection with impetignization with cervical and occipital lymphadenopathy can complicate the clinical scenario with physician misdiagnosing pediculosis to a primary bacterial infection. screening and treatment ...201222772612
safety and efficacy of a non-pesticide-based head lice treatment: results of a randomised comparative trial in children.increasing resistance to pesticide-based head lice treatments has resulted in the need for alternative products to treat head lice infestations, but there are few clinical studies that have adequately tested these products. this multicentre, randomised, assessor-blind, parallel-group phase iv trial compared the safety and efficacy of a non-pesticide-based head lice shampoo with malathion foam in children.201222758350
prevalence of pediculus humanus capitis infestation among kindergarten children in bahía blanca city, argentina.the human head louse, pediculus humanus capitis de geer (anoplura: pediculidae), is a worldwide public health concern. this human obligate ectoparasite usually infests school age children. the aim of this work was to investigate the prevalence of head lice in kindergarten children from bahia blanca. in addition, the influence of risk factors for pediculosis infestation, such as gender, hair characteristics, and socioeconomic class, was studied in relation to the prevalence of this ectoparasite. ...201222752696
prevalence and risk factors of pediculus (humanus) capitis (anoplura: pediculidae), in primary schools in sanandaj city, kurdistan province, iran.human head lice, pediculus (humanus) capitis, infest people worldwide and are most prevalent in children. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of head lice, in relation to socioeconomic status of the family and hygienic practices in the home. the prevalence rate was determined in 27 primary schools that had 810 students in sanandaj city who were selected by multistage, systematic random sampling. a total of 38 students from all grades were infested with different rates of infest ...201222735841
international guidelines for clinical trials with pediculicides.pediculosis capitis, infestation with head lice, is common in all human societies. chemical pediculicides are often used to control head louse infestations, particularly in wealthy communities. a significant number of different protocols have been used to test the efficacy and safety of pediculicides in clinical trials; this constrains scientific comparison of the evidence for efficacy of the different pediculicides. here we recommend protocols for clinical trials of the efficacy and safety of s ...201222715834
evidence for an african cluster of human head and body lice with variable colors and interbreeding of lice between continents.human head lice and body lice have been classified based on phenotypic characteristics, including geographical source, ecotype (preferred egg laying site hair or clothes), shape and color. more recently, genotypic studies have been based on mitochondrial genes, nuclear genes and intergenic spacers. mitochondrial genetic analysis reclassified lice into three genotypes (a, b and c). however, no previous study has attempted to correlate both genotypic and phenotypic data.201222662229
permethrin and malathion resistance in head lice: results of ex vivo and molecular assays.treatment of head lice infestation relies on the application of topical insecticides. overuse of these products has led to the emergence of resistance to pyrethroids and malathion worldwide. permethrin resistance in head lice is mostly conferred by the knockdown resistance (kdr) trait.201222627039
detection of a knockdown resistance mutation associated with permethrin resistance in the body louse pediculus humanus corporis by use of melting curve analysis genotyping.louse-borne diseases are prevalent in the homeless, and body louse eradication has thus far been unsuccessful in this population. we aim to develop a rapid and robust genotyping method usable in large field-based clinical studies to monitor permethrin resistance in the human body louse pediculus humanus corporis. we assessed a melting curve analysis genotyping method based on real-time pcr using hybridization probes to detect the m815i-t917i-l920f knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation in the parao ...201222573588
ovicidal response of nyda formulations on the human head louse (anoplura: pediculidae) using a hair tuft bioassay.using the in vitro rearing system in conjunction with the hair tuft bioassay, nyda and nyda without fragrances formulations (92% wt:wt dimeticones) were 100% ovicidal (0% of treated eggs hatched) after an 8-h exposure of the eggs of the human head louse (pediculus humanus capitis de geer) following the manufacturer's instructions. comparatively, 78 and 66% of eggs similarly exposed hatched after distilled deionized water or nix (1% permethrin) treatments, respectively. nyda and nyda without frag ...201222493852
insecticidal activity of individual and mixed monoterpenoids of geranium essential oil against pediculus humanus capitis (phthiraptera: pediculidae).the major components of geranium (geranium maculatum l.) oil and their mixtures were tested against female pediculus humanus capitis de geer (phthiraptera: pediculidae). chemical analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry revealed four major constituents: citronellol (38%), geraniol (16%), citronellyl formate (10.4%), and linalool (6.45%) (concentration expressed as percentage of total). topical application demonstrated that the most potent component was citronellol and geraniol ...201222493851
insecticide resistance in head lice: clinical, parasitological and genetic aspects.insecticide treatment resistance is considered to be a major factor in the increasing number of infestations by head lice. the large insecticide selection pressure induced by conventional topical pediculicides has led to the emergence and spread of resistance in many parts of the world. possible mechanisms of resistance include accelerated detoxification of insecticides by enzyme-mediated reduction, esterification, oxidation that may be overcome by synergistic agents such as piperonyl butoxide, ...201222429458
taxonomy of lice and their endosymbiotic bacteria in the post-genomic era.recent studies of molecular and genomic data from the parasitic lice of birds and mammals, as well as their mutualistic endosymbiotic bacteria, are changing the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy of these organisms. phylogenetic studies of lice suggest that vertebrate parasitism arose multiple times from free-living book and bark lice. molecular clocks show that the major families of lice arose in the late mesozoic and radiated in the early cenozoic, following the radiation of mammals and b ...201222429457
head lice in norwegian households: actions taken, costs and knowledge.head lice infestations cause distress in many families. a well-founded strategy to reduce head lice prevalence must shorten the infectious period of individual hosts. to develop such a strategy, information about the actions taken (inspection, treatment and informing others about own infestations), level of knowledge and costs is needed. the present study is the first to consider all these elements combined.201222393437
pediculosis capitis: new insights into epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment.pediculosis capitis is a ubiquitous parasitic skin disease caused by pediculus humanus capitis. head lice are highly specialised parasites which can propagate only on human scalp and hair. transmission occurs by direct head-to-head contact. head lice are vectors of important bacterial pathogens. pediculosis capitis usually occurs in small epidemics in play groups, kindergartens and schools. population-based studies in european countries show highly diverging prevalences, ranging from 1% to 20%. ...201222382818
pediculosis capitis among primary-school children in mafraq governorate, jordan.pediculosis capitis (head lice infestation) is a worldwide public health concern affecting mostly primary-school children. in a cross-sectional study in 2009/2010, the prevalence of pediculosis capitis and some risk factors for infestation were investigated among 1550 randomly selected primary-school children in mafraq governorate, jordan. the prevalence of pediculosis capitis was 26.6%. there were significant differences in the prevalence between girls (34.7%) and boys (19.6%), rural (31.2%) an ...201222360010
VectorBase: improvements to a bioinformatics resource for invertebrate vector genomics.VectorBase (http://www.vectorbase.org) is a NIAID-supported bioinformatics resource for invertebrate vectors of human pathogens. It hosts data for nine genomes: mosquitoes (three Anopheles gambiae genomes, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus), tick (Ixodes scapularis), body louse (Pediculus humanus), kissing bug (Rhodnius prolixus) and tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans). Hosted data range from genomic features and expression data to population genetics and ontologies. We describe improvements ...201222135296
bartonella quintana transmission from mite to family with high socioeconomic status.to the editor: urban trench fever caused by bartonella quintana has been reported in persons who abuse alcohol and in homeless persons in large cities worldwide. symptoms vary from asymptomatic intermittent bacteremia to serious complications (1). pediculus humanus lice, the known vector of the infection, are not always identified, which raises the possibility that other vectors might also be involved (2). we report on an outbreak of b. quintana infection among a young family of high socioeconom ...201222257438
epidemiology of pediculosis capitis among schoolchildren in the eastern area of bangkok, thailand.to determine the prevalence of infestation with head lice in primary schoolchildren in the eastern area of bangkok, thailand.201223569868
human pediculosis: a critical health problem and what about nursing policy?lice infestation on the human body (also known as pediculosis) is very common. cases number in the hundreds of millions worldwide. three distinct presentations of lice infection exist and each is caused by a unique parasite. head lice (pediculus humanus capitis) is by far and away the most common infestation and favors no particular socioeconomic group. a genetically close "cousin," pediculus humanus corporis, is responsible for body lice and is more commonly associated with poverty, overcrowdin ...201223469630
carbapenem resistance and acinetobacter baumannii in senegal: the paradigm of a common phenomenon in natural reservoirs.incidence of carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii is rising in several parts of the world. in africa, data concerning this species and its resistance to carbapenems are limited. the objective of the present study was to identify the presence of a. baumannii carbapenem-resistant encoding genes in natural reservoirs in senegal, where antibiotic pressure is believed to be low. from october 2010 to january 2011, 354 human head lice, 717 human fecal samples and 118 animal fecal samples were s ...201222745768
head lice surveillance on a deregulated otc-sales market: a study using web query data.the head louse, pediculus humanus capitis, is an obligate ectoparasite that causes infestations of humans. studies have demonstrated a correlation between sales figures for over-the-counter (otc) treatment products and the number of humans with head lice. the deregulation of the swedish pharmacy market on july 1, 2009, decreased the possibility to obtain complete sale figures and thereby the possibility to obtain yearly trends of head lice infestations. in the presented study we wanted to invest ...201223144923
rna interference of nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase results in reduced insecticide resistance in the bed bug, cimex lectularius.nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase (cpr) plays a central role in cytochrome p450 action. the genes coding for p450s are not yet fully identified in the bed bug, cimex lectularius. hence, we decided to clone cdna and knockdown the expression of the gene coding for cpr which is suggested to be required for the function of all p450s to determine whether or not p450s are involved in resistance of bed bugs to insecticides.201222347424
insect phylogenomics: results, problems and the impact of matrix composition.in this study, we investigated the relationships among insect orders with a main focus on polyneoptera (lower neoptera: roaches, mantids, earwigs, grasshoppers, etc.), and paraneoptera (thrips, lice, bugs in the wide sense). the relationships between and within these groups of insects are difficult to resolve because only few informative molecular and morphological characters are available. here, we provide the first phylogenomic expressed sequence tags data ('est': short sub-sequences from a c( ...201222628473
detection of acinetobacter baumannii in human head and body lice from ethiopia and identification of new genotypes.acinetobacter baumannii has previously been detected and genotyped in human body lice. the objectives of this study were to determine the presence of this bacterium in head and body lice collected from healthy individuals in ethiopia by molecular methods and to characterize the genotype.201222771379
human louse-transmitted infectious diseases.several of the infectious diseases associated with human lice are life-threatening, including epidemic typhus, relapsing fever, and trench fever, which are caused by rickettsia prowazekii, borrelia recurrentis, and bartonella quintana, respectively. although these diseases have been known for several centuries, they remain a major public health concern in populations living in poor-hygiene conditions because of war, social disruption, severe poverty, or gaps in public health management. poor-hyg ...201222360386
biology and genetics of human head and body lice.head lice and body lice have distinct ecologies and differ slightly in morphology and biology, questioning their taxonomic status. over the past 10 years many genetic studies have been undertaken. controversial data suggest that not only body lice but also head lice can serve as vectors of bartonella quintana, and a better understanding of louse epidemiology is crucial. here, we review taxonomic studies based on biology and genetics, including genomic data on lice, lice endosymbionts, and louse- ...201223069652
bartonella quintana in head lice from sénégal.head and body lice are strict, obligate human ectoparasites with three mitochondrial clades (a, b, and c). body lice have been implicated as vectors of human diseases, and as the principal vectors of epidemic typhus, relapsing fever, and bartonella quintata-associated diseases (trench fever, bacillary angiomatosis, endocarditis, chronic bacteremia, and chronic lymphadenopathy). using molecular methods (real-time and traditional pcr), we assessed the presence of bartonella quintana dna in black h ...201222607067
reservoirs of acinetobacter baumannii outside the hospital and potential involvement in emerging human community-acquired infections.the objective of the present report was to review briefly the potentially community-acquired acinetobacter baumannii infections, to update information on the reservoirs of a. baumannii outside the hospital, and to consider their potential interactions with human infections. most reports on potentially community-acquired a. baumannii have been published during the last 15 years. they concern community-acquired pneumonia, infections in survivors from natural disasters, and infected war wounds in t ...201323672981
borrelia recurrentis in head lice, ethiopia.since the 1800s, the only known vector of borrelia recurrentis has been the body louse. in 2011, we found b. recurrentis dna in 23% of head lice from patients with louse-borne relapsing fever in ethiopia. whether head lice can transmit these bacteria from one person to another remains to be determined.201323648147
decoding the ubiquitin-mediated pathway of arthropod disease vectors.protein regulation by ubiquitin has been extensively described in model organisms. however, characterization of the ubiquitin machinery in disease vectors remains mostly unknown. this fundamental gap in knowledge presents a concern because new therapeutics are needed to control vector-borne diseases, and targeting the ubiquitin machinery as a means for disease intervention has been already adopted in the clinic. in this study, we employed a bioinformatics approach to uncover the ubiquitin-mediat ...201324205097
identification of novel arthropod vector g protein-coupled receptors.the control of vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever, and typhus fever is often achieved with the use of insecticides. unfortunately, insecticide resistance is becoming common among different vector species. there are currently no chemical alternatives to these insecticides because new human-safe classes of molecules have yet to be brought to the vector-control market. the identification of novel targets offer opportunities for rational design of new chemistries to control vector ...201323705687
nuclear genetic diversity in human lice (pediculus humanus) reveals continental differences and high inbreeding among worldwide populations.understanding the evolution of parasites is important to both basic and applied evolutionary biology. knowledge of the genetic structure of parasite populations is critical for our ability to predict how an infection can spread through a host population and for the design of effective control methods. however, very little is known about the genetic structure of most human parasites, including the human louse (pediculus humanus). this species is composed of two ecotypes: the head louse (pediculus ...201323460886
heteroplasmy in the mitochondrial genomes of human lice and ticks revealed by high throughput sequencing.the typical mitochondrial (mt) genomes of bilateral animals consist of 37 genes on a single circular chromosome. the mt genomes of the human body louse, pediculus humanus, and the human head louse, pediculus capitis, however, are extensively fragmented and contain 20 minichromosomes, with one to three genes on each minichromosome. heteroplasmy, i.e. nucleotide polymorphisms in the mt genome within individuals, has been shown to be significantly higher in the mt cox1 gene of human lice than in hu ...201324058467
the epidemiology and geographic distribution of relapsing fever borreliosis in west and north africa, with a review of the ornithodoros erraticus complex (acari: ixodida).relapsing fever is the most frequent bacterial disease in africa. four main vector / pathogen complexes are classically recognized, with the louse pediculus humanus acting as vector for b. recurrentis and the soft ticks ornithodoros sonrai, o. erraticus and o. moubata acting as vectors for borrelia crocidurae, b. hispanica and b. duttonii, respectively. our aim was to investigate the epidemiology of the disease in west, north and central africa.201324223812
the biology and taxonomy of head and body lice--implications for louse-borne disease prevention. 201324244157
bartonella quintana deploys host and vector temperature-specific transcriptomes.the bacterial pathogen bartonella quintana is passed between humans by body lice. b. quintana has adapted to both the human host and body louse vector niches, producing persistent infection with high titer bacterial loads in both the host (up to 10(5) colony-forming units [cfu]/ml) and vector (more than 10(8) cfu/ml). using a novel custom microarray platform, we analyzed bacterial transcription at temperatures corresponding to the host (37°c) and vector (28°c), to probe for temperature-specific ...201323554923
study of archaeological nits/eggs of pediculus humanus capitis by scanning electron microscopy.this paper presents and discusses archaeological samples of pediculus humanus capitis nits/eggs in arica, northern chile, dating between 2000 b.c. and a.d. 500. eight samples of nits/eggs taken directly from seven mummified bodies of both the valley and the coast of arica, were collected and studied. samples were analysed with scanning electron microscopy (sem), uncoated, using low and variable pressure modes. the aim was to study the morphology of the nits/eggs, the different degrees of preserv ...201323176818
prevalence and risk factors associated with pediculosis capitis in an impoverished urban community in lima, peru.pediculosis capitis is a ubiquitous parasitic skin disease associated with intense pruritus of the scalp. in developing countries it frequently affects children and adults, but epidemiological data at the community level are rare.201324672174
assessment of the safety and efficacy of three concentrations of topical ivermectin lotion as a treatment for head lice infestation.ivermectin is a broad-spectrum parasiticide in widespread systemic use, including as an off-label treatment for head lice infestation. the potential of the topical use of ivermectin as a treatment for head lice infestation was suggested by an in vitro report of a novel lotion formulation.201323278618
evaluation of a health education program for head lice infestation in female primary school students in chabahar city, iran.an important health problem in students is pediculosis capitis (head lice infestation) which causes physical, mental, and social complications. social stigma induces feeling of shame, anger, and embarrassment for families and may prevent people from coming forward.201323273236
comparative efficacy of commercial combs in removing head lice (pediculus humanus capitis) (phthiraptera: pediculidae).the use of a fine comb for removing lice from the head of the human host is a relevant tool both in the diagnosis of infestations and as part of an integrated control strategy of head lice. the effectiveness of a fine comb depends, in part, on the design and material they are built. the aim of this study was to compare in vivo the efficacy of metal and plastic combs that are currently used in the removal of head lice and eggs worldwide. the space between comb teeth and the length was 0.23 and 13 ...201323212391
jama patient page. head lice. 201323757090
effect of households' social networks on lice infestation among vulnerable mexican children: a qualitative comparative analysis.the prevalence of pediculosis is high among elementary and secondary school children, which favors the belief that infestation occurs more often in schools than in homes. this study explored the role of households' social networks in the transmission of head lice. seventeen school children and their social networks (n = 22) from acatlipa (morelos, mexico) participated in a prospective observational study during school vacation. the hair of all the school children was washed with shampoo containi ...201323751254
how to deal with children's head lice. 201323672162
head lice prevalence and associated factors in two boarding schools in sivas.the aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of head louse infestations and the factors affecting the rate of infestation in primary school children in sivas.201323619043
amazonian head lice-specific genotypes are putatively pre-columbian.head and body lice are strict obligate human ectoparasites with three mitochondrial phylotypes (a, b, and c). using molecular methods for genotyping lice (cytochrome b and multi-spacer typing), and comparing our results with all the sequences of human lice that were genotyped previously, we assessed the presence of a specific american genotype that most likely predates the columbian era in head lice collected from amazonia.201323610158
wet combing for the eradication of head lice.manual removal (using conditioner and comb or a wet comb) can be used in the treatment of head lice. head lice infestation (pediculosis humanus capitis) is a common problem. it is diagnosed by visualising the lice. as half of people infested with head lice will not scratch, all people in contact with a person affected with head lice should be manually checked for infestations. wet combing is easily and safely performed at home, but persistence is needed. this article describes the process of hea ...201323529522
topical ivermectin lotion for head lice. 201323472260
distinguishing body lice from head lice by multiplex real-time pcr analysis of the phum_phum540560 gene.body louse or head louse? once removed from their environment, body and head lice are indistinguishable. neither the morphological criteria used since the mid-18th century nor the various genetic studies conducted since the advent of molecular biology tools have allowed body lice and head lice to be differentiated. in this work, using a portion of the phum_phum540560 gene from the body louse, we aimed to develop a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay to differentiate between ...201323469145
topical ivermectin lotion for head lice. 201323465115
topical ivermectin lotion for head lice. 201323465114
topical ivermectin lotion for head lice. 201323465113
head lice: the feelings people have.head lice are a source of amusement for outsiders and an embarrassing nuisance to those who have to deal with them. our study collected the emotions experienced by people dealing with head lice. an area with extremely sparse literature, our purpose is to inform the development of more effective programs to control head lice.201323347303
in vitro pediculicidal activity of herbal shampoo base on thai local plants against head louse (pediculus humanus capitis de geer).head lice infestation, a worldwide head infestation caused pediculus humanus capitis de geer, is an important public health problem in thailand. several chemical pediculicides have lost in efficacy due to increasing resistance of lice against insecticide. therefore, non-toxic alternative products, such as natural products from plants, e.g. plant extract pediculicides, are needed for head lice control. the aims of this study were to evaluate the potential of pediculicidal activity of herbal shamp ...201323334727
efficacy and safety of dimeticone in the treatment of lice infestation through prophylaxis of classmates.we conducted a study to evaluate efficacy and safety of dimeticone 4%, a lotion with no conventional insecticide activity, to cure lice infection and to prevent spread of infestation/reinfestation by prophylaxis of classmates.201324427749
topical ivermectin 0.5% lotion for treatment of head lice.to investigate the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, adverse effects, and place in therapy of a single application of topical ivermectin 0.5% lotion for head lice treatment.201324259731
evidence of sympatry of clade a and clade b head lice in a pre-columbian chilean mummy from camarones.three different lineages of head lice are known to parasitize humans. clade a, which is currently worldwide in distribution, was previously demonstrated to be present in the americas before the time of columbus. the two other types of head lice are geographically restricted to america and australia for clade b and to africa and asia for clade c. in this study, we tested two operculated nits from a 4,000-year-old chilean mummy of camarones for the presence of the partial cytb mitochondrial gene ( ...201324204678
genetic recombination events between sympatric clade a and clade c lice in africa.human head and body lice have been classified into three phylogenetic clades (clades a, b, and c) based on mitochondrial dna. based on nuclear markers (the 18s rrna gene and the pm2 spacer), two genotypes of clade a head and body lice, including one that is specifically african (clade a2), have been described. in this study, we sequenced the pm2 spacer of clade c head lice from ethiopia and compared these sequences with sequences from previous works. trees were drawn, and an analysis of genetic ...201324180123
a single application of dimeticone is superior to two applications of permethrin in ridding head lice. 201324160659
survey assessment on pediatricians' attitudes on head lice management.pediculosis capitis is a worldwide health problem. one of the most important factor in effective head lice eradication is to ensure that infestation is adequately recognized and treated. our survey investigated the knowledge and practice among primary care italian pediatricians regarding to the prevention and treatment of head lice.201324090319
pediculosis capitis: prevalence and its associated factors in primary school children living in rural and urban areas in kayseri, turkey.the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of pediculosis capitis in schoolchildren living in rural and urban areas in kayseri, a city located in central anatolia in turkey.201324053067
the prevalence of pediculus capitis among the middle schoolchildren in fars province, southern iran.background : pediculosis capitis is a common parasitic infection of children. in this study we assessed the prevalence of head pediculosis among the middle schoolchildren in the urban and rural areas of fars province, southern iran.201324009945
in vitro efficacy of synthetic skin repellent ir3535 on head lice (pediculus capitis).in in vitro tests, skin repellent ir3535, applied in the form of the diffusil h prevental product in an aerosol bomb (active compound 20%), killed 100% of head lice (females and males) and nymphs 2 and 3, when directly sprayed at a dose of 0.94 mg of the active compound per square centimeter. crawling lice exposed for 1 min on the filter paper impregnated by the same concentration showed no effort to suck blood 30 min after exposition. twenty hours later, their mortality rate was 11 %. after the ...201323933877
sklice (ivermectin) lotion for the treatment of head lice. 201323930357
mitochondrial diversity in human head louse populations across the americas.anthropological studies suggest that the genetic makeup of human populations in the americas is the result of diverse processes including the initial colonization of the continent by the first people plus post-1492 european migrations. because of the recent nature of some of these events, understanding the geographical origin of american human diversity is challenging. however, human parasites have faster evolutionary rates and larger population sizes allowing them to maintain greater levels of ...201323900879
prevalence of head lice infestation in primary school children in port harcourt.head lice infestation affects mainly school-aged children and prevalence varies from region to region. head lice infestation is of public health concern and screening is integrated into the school health programme.201326866114
Refresh
firstprev
...111213
nextlast
Displaying items 1001 - 1100 of 1288