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evaluating the effect of probiotic containing milk on salivary mutans streptococci levels.to evaluate the changes in mutans streptococci counts in saliva after short term probiotic intervention and its delayed effects on salivary mutans streptococci count.201223342560
Bovine Lactoferrin Prevents Invasive Fungal Infections in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Background: Lactoferrin is a mammalian milk glycoprotein involved in innate immunity. Recent data show that bovine lactoferrin (bLF) prevents late-onset sepsis in preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from a multicenter randomized controlled trial where preterm VLBW neonates randomly received bLF (100 mg/day; group A1), bLF + Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (10(6) colony-forming units per day; group A2), or placebo (group B) for 6 weeks. Here we ...201222184648
in vitro interactions between probiotic bacteria and milk proteins probed by atomic force microscopy.interactions between microbial cells and milk proteins are important for cell location into dairy matrices. in this study, interactions between two probiotic strains, lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1, and milk proteins (micellar casein, native and denatured whey proteins) were studied. the bacterial surface characterization was realized with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (xps) to evaluate surface composition (in terms of proteins, polysaccharides and lipid-like comp ...201223298601
a comprehensive approach to determine the probiotic potential of human-derived lactobacillus for industrial use.specific strains should only be regarded as probiotics if they fulfill certain safety, technological and functional criteria. the aim of this work was to study, from a comprehensive point of view (in vitro and in vivo tests), three lactobacillus strains (lactobacillus paracasei jp1, lactobacillus rhamnosus 64 and lactobacillus gasseri 37) isolated from feces of local newborns, determining some parameters of technological, biological and functional relevance. all strains were able to adequately g ...201223498174
the antimicrobial properties of the lowbush blueberry (vaccinium angustifolium) fractional components against foodborne pathogens and the conservation of probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus.the antimicrobial properties of lowbush blueberry (vaccinium angustifolium) were studied against escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium, and lactobacillus rhamnosus to determine which fractional components have antimicrobial effects and which microorganisms are most susceptible to these antimicrobial properties. lowbush blueberry extract (f1) was separated using a c-18 sep-pak cartridge into monomeric phenolics (f2) and anthocyanins plus proanthocyanidins (f3). ...201222265292
Incorporating a mucosal environment in a dynamic gut model results in a more representative colonization by lactobacilli.To avoid detrimental interactions with intestinal microbes, the human epithelium is covered with a protective mucus layer that traps host defence molecules. Microbial properties such as adhesion to mucus further result in a unique mucosal microbiota with a great potential to interact with the host. As mucosal microbes are difficult to study in vivo, we incorporated mucin-covered microcosms in a dynamic in vitro gut model, the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME). We asse ...201221989255
The effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supplemented enteral feeding on the microbiotic flora of preterm infants-double blinded randomized control trial.Intestinal flora of preterms, dominantly presents with decreased amounts of physiological microbiota. This double blinded randomized control trial compared the stool of bottle fed preterms, randomized to receive lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) 6x109or placebo with formula feeding.201222055271
pantoea agglomerans in immunodeficient patients with different respiratory symptoms.the aim of this paper was to determine in 32 patients from 4 different mexican hospitals the frequency of opportunistic bacteria in the 2010 to 2011 time period. the patients were divided in 4 groups. group 1 included 21 hiv positive patients with acute respiratory syndrome. four hiv positive patients with tuberculosis symptoms were included in group 2; two patients with tuberculosis symptoms and one asymptomatic person formed group 3. reference group 4 included 4 patients from whom 4 strains of ...201222619600
bugs that debugs: probiotics.the oral cavity harbors a diverse array of bacterial species. there are more than 600 species that colonize in the oral cavity. these include a lot of organisms that are not commonly known to reside in the gastrointestinal (gi) tract and also are more familiar: lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus fermentum, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus rhamnosus, and lactobacillus salivarius. the balance of all these microorganisms can easily be disturbed and a prevalence of p ...201223066281
phylogenetic analysis of a spontaneous cocoa bean fermentation metagenome reveals new insights into its bacterial and fungal community diversity.this is the first report on the phylogenetic analysis of the community diversity of a single spontaneous cocoa bean box fermentation sample through a metagenomic approach involving 454 pyrosequencing. several sequence-based and composition-based taxonomic profiling tools were used and evaluated to avoid software-dependent results and their outcome was validated by comparison with previously obtained culture-dependent and culture-independent data. overall, this approach revealed a wider bacterial ...201222666442
the spatial distribution of bacteria in grana-cheese during ripening.the microbial composition and its spatial distribution of grana trentino, a hard parmesan-like cheese, was determined, from vat milk to cheese. after cutting along the vertical axis of the cheese wheels, three layers were sampled diagonally across the cheese: under the cheese rind, an intermediate section and the cheese core. after two different ripening periods (9 and 18 months), the cheese samples were analysed using traditional culture dependent and culture independent methods. milk samples w ...201221943677
genome sequence of lactobacillus rhamnosus atcc 8530.lactobacillus rhamnosus is found in the human gastrointestinal tract and is important for probiotics. we became interested in l. rhamnosus isolate atcc 8530 in relation to beer spoilage and hops resistance. we report here the genome sequence of this isolate, along with a brief comparison to other available l. rhamnosus genome sequences.201222247527
cell-free supernatants from probiotic lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus rhamnosus gg decrease colon cancer cell invasion in vitro.probiotics have been shown to have a preventative role in colorectal carcinogenesis but research concerning their prophylactic potential in the later stages of colorectal cancer, specifically metastasis is limited. this study explored the potential of cell-free supernatants (cfs) from 2 probiotic lactobacillus sp., lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus rhamnosus gg, to inhibit colon cancer cell invasion by influencing matrix metalloproteinase-9 (mmp-9) activity and levels of the tight junction p ...201222830611
anti-inflammatory lactobacillus rhamnosus cncm i-3690 strain protects against oxidative stress and increases lifespan in caenorhabditis elegans.numerous studies have shown that resistance to oxidative stress is crucial to stay healthy and to reduce the adverse effects of aging. accordingly, nutritional interventions using antioxidant food-grade compounds or food products are currently an interesting option to help improve health and quality of life in the elderly. live lactic acid bacteria (lab) administered in food, such as probiotics, may be good antioxidant candidates. nevertheless, information about lab-induced oxidative stress prot ...201223300685
lactobacillus rhamnosus (lgg) regulates il-10 signaling in the developing murine colon through upregulation of the il-10r2 receptor subunit.the intestinal microflora is critical for normal development, with aberrant colonization increasing the risk for necrotizing enterocolitis (nec). in contrast, probiotic bacteria have been shown to decrease its incidence. multiple pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines have been identified as markers of intestinal inflammation, both in human patients with nec and in models of immature intestine. specifically, il-10 signaling attenuates intestinal responses to gut dysbiosis, and disruption of this p ...201223272193
lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and bifidobacterium animalis mb5 induce intestinal but not systemic antigen-specific hyporesponsiveness in ovalbumin-immunized rats.probiotics may modulate the host immune response by mechanisms not yet fully understood. we evaluated the modulation of intestinal and systemic antigen-specific immune response by lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) or bifidobacterium animalis mb5 in tolerized and immunized rats. three groups of rats received orally lgg, b. animalis, or pbs (control) for 28 d. each group was divided into two subgroups of tolerized or immunized rats receiving orally ovalbumin (ova; 7 mg) or pbs on d 7, 9, and 11. al ...201222223570
[effectiveness and safety of probiotics in children on the basis of clinical trials].probiotics may be helpful if they are used according to current medical knowledge based on the results of properly designed and well-conducted clinical trials. their effects depend on the specific strain and defined dose of the probiotic microorganism, and should not be extrapolated on other, even closely related strains. meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials performed in children showed the greatest probiotic efficacy of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) and saccharomyces boulardii strains ...201223378402
lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 enhances nf-kappab activation in escherichia coli-stimulated urinary bladder cells through tlr4.abstract: background: epithelial cells of the urinary tract recognize pathogenic bacteria through pattern recognition receptors on their surface, such as toll-like receptors (tlrs), and mount an immune response through the activation of the nf-kappab pathway. some uropathogenic bacteria can subvert these cellular responses, creating problems with how the host eliminates pathogens. lactobacillus is a genus of lactic acid bacteria that are part of the microbiota and consist of many probiotic stra ...201222264349
unique secreted-surface protein complex of lactobacillus rhamnosus, identified by phage display.proteins are the most diverse structures on bacterial surfaces; hence, they are candidates for species- and strain-specific interactions of bacteria with the host, environment, and other microorganisms. genomics has decoded thousands of bacterial surface and secreted proteins, yet the function of most cannot be predicted because of the enormous variability and a lack of experimental data that would allow deduction of function through homology. here, we used phage display to identify a pair of in ...201223233310
is a multispecies probiotic mixture effective in constipation during pregnancy? 'a pilot study'.constipation during pregnancy is a common problem. nowadays only few effective interventions are published preventing or treating constipation during pregnancy. however, their use is limited due to side-effects. this uncontrolled intervention study was performed to determine if a mixture of probiotics in the treatment of constipation during pregnancy is effective.201223035837
modulation of toll-like receptor ligands and candida albicans-induced cytokine responses by specific probiotics.probiotics have been proposed as modulators of gut inflammation, especially in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). in order to be able to use them in these clinical conditions, their capacity to modulate immune responses towards other stimuli or microorganisms has to be thoroughly understood. in the present study, three different potentially probiotic strains, bifidobacterium breve (numres 204), lactobacillus rhamnosus (numres1) and lactobacillus casei (dn-114 001), have been studied for their pot ...201222521032
evaluation of impact of exposure of sudan azo dyes and their metabolites on human intestinal bacteria.sudan azo dyes are banned for food usage in most countries, but they are illegally used to maintain or enhance the color of food products due to low cost, bright staining, and wide availability of the dyes. in this report, we examined the toxic effects of these azo dyes and their potential reduction metabolites on 11 prevalent human intestinal bacterial strains. among the tested bacteria, cell growth of 2, 3, 5, 5, and 1 strains was inhibited by sudan i, ii, iii, iv, and para red, respectively. ...201222634331
characterization of a panela cheese with added probiotics and fava bean starch.of 20 lactobacillus and 8 bifidobacterium species examined, only bifidobacterium breve atcc 15700 was able to ferment starch from fava beans. bifidobacterium breve atcc 15700 and lactobacillus rhamnosus gg atcc 53103 were selected as probiotics for use in fresh-style panela cheese. two types of fresh cheese (with and without 3% fava bean starch) were manufactured with 3 combinations of probiotics: l. rhamnosus gg only, b. breve only, or both l. rhamnosus gg and b. breve. during 4 wk of storage a ...201222612915
evidence of immunomodulatory effects of a novel probiotic, bifidobacterium longum bv. infantis ccug 52486.bifidobacterium longum bv. infantis ccug 52486 was originally isolated from healthy elderly subjects and demonstrated to have particular ecological fitness and anti-pathogenic effects. bifidobacteria are commonly associated with immuno-modulatory properties, especially in older people, but this strain has not been investigated for effects on immune function. this study aimed to explore the immunomodulatory effects of this novel probiotic, compared with three commercial strains, b. longum sp 07/3 ...201222882710
effects of bile salt deconjugation by probiotic strains on the survival of antibiotic-resistant foodborne pathogens under simulated gastric conditions.this study was designed to evaluate the effects of bile acid deconjugation by probiotic strains on the antibiotic susceptibility of antibiotic-sensitive and multiple antibiotic-resistant salmonella typhimurium and staphylococcus aureus. eight probiotic strains, bifidobacterium longum b6, lactobacillus acidophilus adh, lactobacillus brevis kacc 10553, lactobacillus casei kacc 12413, lactobacillus paracasei atcc 25598, lactobacillus rhamnosus gg, leuconostoc mesenteroides kacc 12312, and pediococc ...201222691477
effect of water activity and protective solutes on growth and subsequent survival to air-drying of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium cultures.probiotic cultures of lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus rhamnosus, bifidobacterium longum, lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus acidophilus were grown in media having water activities (a (w)) adjusted between 0.99 and 0.94 with nacl or with a mixture of glycerol and sucrose in order to find conditions of osmotic stress which would still allow for good growth. cultures grown at a (w) = 0.96 or 0.99 were then recovered by centrifugation, added to a sucrose-phosphate medium and air-dried. in ...201222350318
a protective effect of lactobacillus rhamnosus hn001 against eczema in the first 2 years of life persists to age 4 years.using a double blind randomized placebo-controlled trial (australian new zealand clinical trials registry: actrn12607000518460), we have shown that in a high risk birth cohort, maternal supplementation from 35 weeks gestation until 6 months if breastfeeding and infant supplementation until 2 years with lactobacillus rhamnosus hn001 (hn001) (6 × 10(9) cfu/day) halved the cumulative prevalence of eczema by age 2 years. bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis hn019 (hn019) (9 × 10(9) cfu/day) had no ...201222702506
reduction of patulin in aqueous solution by lactic acid bacteria.this study aims to investigate the ability of lactic acid bacteria (lab) to remove patulin (pat) from aqueous solution with respect to the bacterial viability, initial pat concentration, incubation time, temperature, and ph. the removal of pat determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) coupled with uv detector. the maximum pat uptake was achieved by bifidobacterium bifidum 6071 and lactobacillus rhamnosus 6149 strains (52.9% and 51.1%) for viable and (54.1% and 52.0%) for nonvia ...201222394296
stimulation of macrophages by immunobiotic lactobacillus strains: influence beyond the intestinal tract.lactobacillus rhamnosus crl1505 (lr1505), l. rhamnosus crl1506 (lr1506) and l. casei crl431 (lc431) are able to stimulate intestinal immunity, but only lr1505 and lc431 are able to stimulate immunity in the respiratory tract. with the aim of advancing the understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved in stimulation of distant mucosal sites, this study evaluated the effects of orally administered probiotics on the functions of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. compared to a control gr ...201222846065
assessment of probiotic viability during cheddar cheese manufacture and ripening using propidium monoazide-pcr quantification.the use of a suitable food carrier such as cheese could significantly enhance probiotic viability during storage. the main goal of this study was to assess viability of commercial probiotic strains during cheddar cheesemaking and ripening (4-6 months) by comparing the efficiency of microbiological and molecular approaches. molecular methods such as quantitative pcr (qpcr) allow bacterial quantification, and dna-blocking molecules such as propidium monoazide (pma) select only the living cells' dn ...201223060868
the innovative potential of lactobacillus rhamnosus lr06, lactobacillus pentosus lps01, lactobacillus plantarum lp01, and lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii ldd01 to restore the "gastric barrier effect" in patients chronically treated with ppi: a pilot study.gastroesophageal reflux disease is a very widespread condition. in europe, it is estimated that about 175 million people suffer from this disease and have to chronically take drugs to increase gastric ph. the proton pump inhibitors (ppis) such as omeprazole, lansoprazole, and esomeprazole are the most widely used drug typology in this regard. however, the inhibition of normal gastric acid secretion has important side effects, the most important being bacterial overgrowth in the stomach and duode ...201222955351
risks associated with high-dose lactobacillus rhamnosus in an escherichia coli model of piglet diarrhoea: intestinal microbiota and immune imbalances.probiotic could be a promising alternative to antibiotics for the prevention of enteric infections; however, further information on the dose effects is required. in this study, weanling piglets were orally administered low- or high-dose lactobacillus rhamnosus actt 7469 (10(10) cfu/d or 10(12) cfu/d) for 1 week before f4 (k88)-positive escherichia coli challenge. the compositions of faecal and gastrointestinal microbiota were recorded; gene expression in the intestines was assessed by real-time ...201222848393
lactobacilli vs antibiotics to prevent urinary tract infections: a randomized, double-blind, noninferiority trial in postmenopausal women.growing antibiotic resistance warrants studying nonantibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections (utis). use of lactobacilli appears to be promising.201222782199
substances released from probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 potentiate nf-κb activity in escherichia coli-stimulated urinary bladder cells.lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 is a probiotic bacterium used to maintain urogenital health. the putative mechanism for its probiotic effect is by modulating the host immunity. urinary tract infections (uti) are often caused by uropathogenic escherichia coli that frequently evade or suppress immune responses in the bladder and can target pathways, including nuclear factor-kappab (nf-κb). we evaluated the role of l. rhamnosus gr-1 on nf-κb activation in e. coli-stimulated bladder cells. viable l. rh ...201222620976
probiotic factors partially prevent changes to caspases 3 and 7 activation and transepithelial electrical resistance in a model of 5-fluorouracil-induced epithelial cell damage.the potential efficacy of a probiotic-based preventative strategy against intestinal mucositis has yet to be investigated in detail. we evaluated supernatants (sn) from escherichia coli nissle 1917 (ecn) and lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) for their capacity to prevent 5-fluorouracil (5-fu)-induced damage to intestinal epithelial cells. a 5-day study was performed. iec-6 cells were treated daily from days 0 to 3, with 1 ml of pbs (untreated control), de man rogosa sharpe (mrs) broth, tryptone s ...201222526145
probiotics in the management of inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review of intervention studies in adult patients.mounting evidence suggests an important role for the intestinal microbiota in the chronic mucosal inflammation that occurs in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), and novel molecular approaches have further identified a dysbiosis in these patients. several mechanisms of action of probiotic products that may interfere with possible aetiological factors in ibd have been postulated.201222512365
antimicrobial susceptibility of microflora from ovine cheese.strains identified in ovine cheese and bryndza by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight analysis belonged to ten species of non-enterococcal lactic acid bacteria and included lactobacillus casei/lactobacillus paracasei, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus rhamnosus, lactobacillus helveticus, lactobacillus delbrueckii, lactobacillus fermentum, lactobacillus brevis, lactococcus lactis, pediococcus pentosaceus and pediococcus acidilactici. the susceptibility toward antibioti ...201222491987
functional properties of lactobacillus strains isolated from dairy products.twenty-four acid- and bile-tolerant lactobacilli isolates from dairy products were identified and further in vitro characterized for the presence of functional traits potentially useful for probiotic applications, which included desirable and undesirable traits, such as biofilm formation, ability to inhibit intestinal pathogens, antibiotic susceptibility, and enzyme activity. the majority of examined strains were susceptible to certain antimicrobial agents (streptomycin, gentamicin, clindamycin, ...201222488103
cloning and characterization of a thermostable h2o-forming nadh oxidase from lactobacillus rhamnosus.nadh oxidase (nox) catalyzes the conversion of nadh to nad(+). a previously uncharacterized nox gene (lrnox) was cloned from lactobacillus rhamnosus and overexpressed in escherichia coli bl21(de3). sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 1359 bp, capable of encoding a polypeptide of 453 amino acid residues. the molecular mass of the purified lrnox enzyme was estimated to be ~50 kda by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and 100 kda by gel filtration chromatogra ...201222418266
the major secreted protein msp1/p75 is o-glycosylated in lactobacillus rhamnosus gg.although the occurrence, biosynthesis and possible functions of glycoproteins are increasingly documented for pathogens, glycoproteins are not yet widely described in probiotic bacteria. nevertheless, knowledge of protein glycosylation holds important potential for better understanding specific glycan-mediated interactions of probiotics and for glycoengineering in food-grade microbes.201222297095
removal of cholera toxin from aqueous solution by probiotic bacteria.cholera remains a serious health problem, especially in developing countries where basic hygiene standards are not met. the symptoms of cholera are caused by cholera toxin, an enterotoxin, which is produced by the bacterium vibrio cholerae. we have recently shown that human probiotic bacteria are capable of removing cyanobacterial toxins from aqueous solutions. in the present study we investigate the ability of the human probiotic bacteria, lactobacillus rhamnosus strain gg (atcc 53103) and bifi ...201224281668
probiotic interference of lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 and lactobacillus reuteri rc-14 with the opportunistic fungal pathogen candida albicans.candida albicans is the most important candida species causing vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc). vvc has significant medical and economical impact on women's health and wellbeing. while current antifungal treatment is reasonably effective, supportive and preventive measures such as application of probiotics are required to reduce the incidence of vvc. we investigated the potential of the probiotics lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 and lactobacillus reuteri rc-14 towards control of c. albicans. in vitr ...201222811591
probiotic lactobacillus and estrogen effects on vaginal epithelial gene expression responses to candida albicans.vaginal epithelial cells have receptors, signal transduction mechanisms, and cytokine secretion capabilities to recruit host defenses against candida albicans infections. this research evaluates how probiotic lactobacilli affect the defensive epithelial response.201222715972
probiotics are effective for the prevention and treatment of citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis in mice.probiotics prevent disease induced by citrobacter rodentium, a murine-specific enteric pathogen. whether probiotics can be used to interrupt the infectious process following initiation of infection was determined.201222430833
enveloped virus but not bacteria block il-13 responses in human cord blood t cells in vitro.infections that occur early in life may have a beneficial effect on the immune system and thereby reduce the risk of allergen sensitization and/or allergic disease. it is not yet clear to what extent specific virus and/or bacteria can mediate this effect. the purpose of this study was to assess the role of virus and bacteria in cd4(+) t cell-derived cytokine production in newborns. we compared the effects of five bacteria (staphlococcus aureus, escherichia coli, clostridium difficile, lactobacil ...201222229804
influence of manufacturing processes on in vitro properties of the probiotic strain lactobacillus rhamnosus lcr35®.probiotics are administered as complex manufactured products and yet most studies on probiotic bacterial strains have been performed with native culture strains. little is known about the influence of industrial processes on the properties of the microorganisms. in this study, we comparatively assessed the characteristics of the probiotic bacterial strain lactobacillus rhamnosus (lcr35(®)) together with four of its commercial formulations, including three intestinal formulas (bacilor with lcr re ...201222542933
immunomodulatory properties of enterococcus faecium jws 833 isolated from duck intestinal tract and suppression of listeria monocytogenes infection.the aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory properties of enterococcus faecium jws 833 (jws 833) isolated from duck intestine and compare them to those of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg), a proven immunity-enhancing probiotic. to investigate the immune-enhancing properties of jws 833, production of nitric oxide (no) and cytokines was measured in mouse peritoneal macrophages. in addition, a listeria monocytogenes challenge model was used in the assessment. it was found that heat-k ...201222709265
removal of patulin from apple juice using inactivated lactic acid bacteria.apples and apple products are the most notably commodities contaminated with patulin (pat), which cause detrimental effects on human health and economic problems. the primary objective of this study was to investigate the removal of pat contamination from apple juice using 10 different inactivated lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains.201222394257
maternal probiotic supplementation during pregnancy and breast-feeding reduces the risk of eczema in the infant.probiotics have shown promising potential in reducing the risk of eczema in infants. optimal probiotic intervention regimen remains to be determined.201223083673
modulation of the murine microbiome with a concomitant anti-obesity effect by lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and lactobacillus sakei nr28.the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (git) constitutes the major part of the total human microbiome and is considered to be an important regulator of human health and host metabolism. numerous investigations in recent years have focused on the connection between the human microbiota and metabolic diseases such as obesity, type ii diabetes and atherosclerosis. yet, little is known about the impact of probiotic consumption on the git microbial population and the potential effect on chronic ...201222348905
dietary supplementation with probiotics improves hematopoiesis in malnourished mice.lactobacillus rhamnosus crl1505 (lr) administered during the repletion of immunocompromised-malnourished mice improves the resistance against intestinal and respiratory infections. this effect is associated with an increase in the number and functionality of immune cells, indicating that lr could have some influence on myeloid and lymphoid cell production and maturation.201222347448
the practicability and surgeons' subjective experiences with vaginal danazol before an operative hysteroscopy.this randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study compared the usefulness of danazol 400mg vaginally versus 600mg orally in women as a preoperative preparation for hysteroscopic surgery. ninety-one fertile women were randomly allocated to group a (46 patients received 400mg of danazol placed into the posterior vaginal fornix and three oral tablets of commercially available folic acid as a placebo), and group b [45 women treated with 600mg of danazol orally (200mg three times daily) and two ...201222342469
whole-genome shotgun sequencing of lactobacillus rhamnosus mtcc 5462, a strain with probiotic potential.lactobacillus rhamnosus mtcc 5462 was isolated from infant gastrointestinal flora. the strain exhibited an ability to reduce cholesterol and stimulate immunity. the strain has exhibited positive results in alleviating gastrointestinal discomfort and good potential as a probiotic. we sequenced the whole genome of the strain and compared it to the published genome sequence of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (atcc 53103).201222328760
draft genome sequence of probiotic strain lactobacillus rhamnosus r0011.lactobacillus rhamnosus r0011 is a commercially available probiotic that is widely used in human dietary supplements and pharmaceutical products. we prepared a draft genome sequence consisting of 10 contigs totaling 2,900,620 bases and a g+c content of 46.7% for this strain.201222275100
infant food allergy: where are we now?for many years, the prevailing maxim for prevention of food allergy in at-risk infants was to reduce allergic sensitization by avoiding exposure to highly allergenic foods until the baby's immune and digestive systems were sufficiently developed to cope with the allergen. current thinking is completely different: exposure to food in the early stages of development may be the way to induce tolerance. exclusive breastfeeding until 4-6 months, followed by introduction of complementary foods individ ...201222237876
characterization of the spacba pilus fibers in the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg.lactobacillus rhamnosus gg is a human intestinal isolate that has been studied intensively because of its probiotic properties. we have previously shown that l. rhamnosus gg produces proteinaceous pili that earlier had been observed only in gram-positive pathogens (m. kankainen et al., proc. natl. acad. sci. u. s. a. 106:17193-17198, 2009). these pili were found to be encoded by the spacba gene cluster, and the pilus-associated spac pilin was shown to confer on the cells a mucus-binding ability. ...201222247175
fermented milk containing lactobacillus gg alleviated dss-induced colitis in mice and activated epidermal growth factor receptor and akt signaling in intestinal epithelial cells.lactobacillus rhamnosus gg was assessed for its ability to alleviate dss-induced colitis in mice and activate epidermal growth factor receptor and akt signaling in intestinal epithelial cells. in this study mice were treated with dss to induce colitis and they were given lactobacillus gg fermented milk to assess the effect of probiotic on colitis. lactobacillus gg fermented milk significantly reduced the colitis associated changes suggesting a protective effect against dss induced colitis.201223990812
lactobacillus reuteri protects epidermal keratinocytes from staphylococcus aureus-induced cell death by competitive exclusion.recent studies have suggested that the topical application of probiotic bacteria can improve skin health or combat disease. we have utilized a primary human keratinocyte culture model to investigate whether probiotic bacteria can inhibit staphylococcus aureus infection. evaluation of the candidate probiotics lactobacillus reuteri atcc 55730, lactobacillus rhamnosus ac413, and lactobacillus salivarius ucc118 demonstrated that both l. reuteri and l. rhamnosus, but not l. salivarius, reduced s. aur ...201222582077
antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of viable or heat-killed lactobacillus paracasei impc2.1 and lactobacillus rhamnosus gg in hgc-27 gastric and dld-1 colon cell lines.data from literature suggest the possible use of probiotics as chemopreventive agents against colon cancer, but few investigations are available on their effects on gastric cancer proliferation. in our previous study, a specific lactobacillus, strain l. paracasei impc2.1, was demonstrated to colonize the human gut and positively affect fecal bacteria and biochemical parameters. the aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of l. paracasei impc2.1, comparing them with those of lac ...201223061912
functional foods as carriers for synbio®, a probiotic bacteria combination.the popularity of functional foods continues to increase as consumers desire flavorful foods that will fulfil their health needs. among these foods, probiotics may exert positive effects on the composition of gut microbiota and overall health. however, in order to be beneficial, the bacterial cultures have to remain live and active at the time of consumption. the aim of this study was to develop new probiotic food products, such as seasoned cheeses, salami, chocolate and ice-cream with a final p ...201222727086
functional analysis of the lactobacillus casei bl23 sortases.sortases are a class of enzymes that anchor surface proteins to the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria. lactobacillus casei bl23 harbors four sortase genes, two belonging to class a (srta1 and srta2) and two belonging to class c (srtc1 and srtc2). class c sortases were clustered with genes encoding their putative substrates that were homologous to the spaefg and spacba proteins that encode mucus adhesive pili in lactobacillus rhamnosus gg. twenty-three genes encoding putative sortase substrates ...201223042174
glutamine synthetase and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase are adhesive moonlighting proteins of lactobacillus crispatus released by epithelial cathelicidin ll-37.glutamine synthetase (gs) and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (gpi) were identified as novel adhesive moonlighting proteins of lactobacillus crispatus st1. both proteins were bound onto the bacterial surface at acidic phs, whereas a suspension of the cells to ph 8 caused their release into the buffer, a pattern previously observed with surface-bound enolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) of l. crispatus. the ph shift was associated with a rapid and transient increase in cell ...201222389474
dietary sugar utilisation by putative oral probiotics.probiotic consumption and repeated probiotic intake have shown promising results as adjunct therapies in prevention and alleviation of some chronic disease conditions in the gastrointestinal tract. recent evidence suggests that probiotics may also be beneficial in preventing oral diseases. an efficient probiotic candidate in the mouth, however, should not impose any risk to oral tissues, such as acid demineralisation of tooth enamel because of sugar fermentation. the aim of the present in vitro ...201222968411
anti-diabetic effects of lactic acid bacteria in normal and type 2 diabetic mice.the antidiabetic effects of lactic acid bacteria were investigated using mice. in experiment 1, normal icr mice were loaded with sucrose or starch with or without viable lactobacillus rhamnosus gg cells. gg significantly inhibited postprandial blood glucose levels when administered with sucrose or starch. in experiment 2, kk-a(y) mice, a model of genetic type 2 diabetes, were given a basal diet containing viable gg cells or viable lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus cells for 6 weeks. vi ...201222962525
regulation of tlr4, p38 mapkinase, iκb and mirnas by inactivated strains of lactobacilli in human dendritic cells.strain specific properties of probiotics in providing supportive health effects in the immune system and the gastrointestinal tract have been widely investigated in vivo and in vitro. however, the underlying responsible mechanism is poorly described. by unravelling the probiotic-induced responses in a complex network of interacting signalling pathways, we investigated the effect of heat-inactivated lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) and lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (l.del) on the ex ...201222476320
isolation of potential probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus strains from traditional fermented mare milk produced in sumbawa island of indonesia.to explore potential probiotics in the traditional foods of indonesia, fermented mare milk produced in sumbawa island was investigated in this study. gram stain, catalase activity, gas production, cell morphology, carbohydrate utilization pattern, and 16s rdna sequencing were performed to identify isolated lactic acid bacteria. to assess their probiotic ability, tolerance of low ph, bile salts, artificial gastrointestinal fluids, and adhesion properties to extracellular matrices, were examined. ...201223047104
antifungal activity of two lactobacillus strains with potential probiotic properties.aflatoxin (highly toxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by fungi) contamination is a serious problem worldwide. modern agriculture and animal production systems need to use high-quality and mycotoxin-free feedstuffs. the use of microorganisms to preserve food has gained importance in recent years due to the demand for reduced use of chemical preservatives by consumers. lactic acid bacteria are known to produce various antimicrobial compounds that are considered to be important in ...201222497448
synergistic effect between two bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances produced by lactobacilli strains with inhibitory activity for streptococcus agalactiae.group b streptococci (gbs) are bacterial species that colonize the vagina in pregnant women and as such may cause serious infections in neonates that passed through the birth channel. the objective of this work was to study the inhibitory activities produced by each bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (blis) of lactobacillus rhamnosus l60 and lactobacillus fermentum l23, and the effects of the combined blis-es of these lactobacilli on gbs. the interactions between the blis-es were assessed by ...201222231454
[assessment of antagonistic activity in vitro lactobacillus spp. strains againts clostridum difficile strains isolated from gastrointestinal tract of patients hospitalized in three hospitals in region mazovia].the aim of this study was to evaluate the antagonistic activity of lactobacillus strains against clinical c. difficile strains isolated from faecal samples of adults patients with diarrhea. a total 61 strains of c. difficile randomly selected isolated in the period 2007-2008 from the gastrointestinal tract of hospitalized patients in three hospitals province mazovia, poland. to determination of antagonistic activity ofprobiotic lactobacillus spp. strains used four reference strains: lactobacillu ...201223072055
comparison of the kinetics of intestinal colonization by associating 5 probiotic bacteria assumed either in a microencapsulated or in a traditional, uncoated form.beneficial findings concerning probiotics are increasing day by day. however, one of the most important parameters able to significantly affect the probiotic value of a microorganism is its survival during the transit through the stomach and the duodenum. some techniques may be applied that aim to improve this parameter, but microencapsulation of bacterial cells remains one of the most important. a recent study assessed the kinetics of intestinal colonization by a mixture of 2 probiotic strains, ...201222955366
cost/benefit of synbiotics in acute infectious gastroenteritis: spend to save.the cost/benefit ratio of probiotics in the ambulatory treatment of acute infectious gastro-enteritis with or without a synbiotic food supplement (containing fructo-oligosaccharides and probiotic strains of streptoccoccus thermophilus, lactobacillus rhamnosus, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium lactis and bifidobacterium infantis) has been studied. 111 children (median age 37 and 43 months for the synbiotic and placebo group, respectively) with acute infectious gastroenteritis were inclu ...201222835702
evaluation of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and lactobacillus acidophilus ncfm encapsulated using a novel impinging aerosol method in fruit food products.this study investigated the effect of microencapsulation on the survival of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and lactobacillus acidophilus ncfm and their acidification in orange juice at 25°c for nine days and at 4°c over thirty five days of storage. alginate micro beads (10-40 μm) containing the probiotics were produced by a novel dual aerosol method of alginate and cacl(2) cross linking solution. unencapsulated l. rhamnosus gg was found to have excellent survivability in orange juice at both tempera ...201222633536
vaginal impact of the oral administration of total freeze-dried culture of lcr 35 in healthy women.the use of probiotics in the prevention or treatment of some vaginal infections has been the subject of numerous studies. to assess the presence of lactobacillus casei rhamnosus (lcr35) in the vagina after an oral administration, an open randomised pilot study was conducted on 20 healthy women of child-bearing age. materials and methods. 2 groups of 10 women were given a 28-day oral course, that is, at least 108 cfu/day (group 1) or 2 × 108 cfu/day (group 2) of lcr35. nugent score and vaginal sc ...201222701297
inventory of non starter lactic acid bacteria from ripened parmigiano reggiano cheese as assessed by a culture dependent multiphasic approach.the objective of this study was to investigate microbial species diversity and strain complexity of the cultivable non starter lactic acid bacteria (nslab) occurring in 31 ripened parmigiano reggiano (pr) cheeses. dereplication of 127 lactobacilli isolates by (gtg)(5)-pcr fingerprinting yielded a total of 51 genotypes. phylogenetic relatedness of all the genotypes with known lactobacillus species was determined by a novel combined amplified 16s rdna restriction analysis (16s-ardra), species-spec ...201222626626
efficacy and safety profile of lcr35 complete freeze-dried culture in irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized, double-blind study.to assess the effects and safety of lactobacillus casei rhamnosus lcr35 complete freeze-dried culture (lcr35) in patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (ibs).201222563194
analysis of the peptidoglycan hydrolase complement of lactobacillus casei and characterization of the major γ-d-glutamyl-l-lysyl-endopeptidase.peptidoglycan (pg) is the major component of gram positive bacteria cell wall and is essential for bacterial integrity and shape. bacteria synthesize pg hydrolases (pghs) which are able to cleave bonds in their own pg and play major roles in pg remodelling required for bacterial growth and division. our aim was to identify the main pghs in lactobacillus casei bl23, a lactic acid bacterium with probiotic properties.the pgh complement was first identified in silico by amino acid sequence similarit ...201222384208
manufacture of fior di latte cheese by incorporation of probiotic lactobacilli.this work aimed to select heat-resistant probiotic lactobacilli to be added to fior di latte (high-moisture cow milk mozzarella) cheese. first, 18 probiotic strains belonging to lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, lactobacillus paracasei, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus rhamnosus, and lactobacillus reuteri were screened. resistance to heating (65 or 55°c for 10 min) varied markedly between strains. adaptation at 42°c for 10 min increased the heat resistance at ...201222281315
lipoteichoic acid is an important microbe-associated molecular pattern of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg.probiotic bacteria are increasingly used as immunomodulatory agents. yet detailed molecular knowledge on the immunomodulatory molecules of these bacteria is lagging behind. lipoteichoic acid (lta) is considered a major microbe-associated molecular pattern (mamp) of gram-positive bacteria. however, many details and quantitative data on its immune signalling capacity are still unknown, especially in beneficial bacteria. recently, we have demonstrated that a dltd mutant of the model probiotic lacto ...201223241240
effects of the viability of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg on rotavirus infection in neonatal rats.to study the effects of live and dead lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (gg) on rotavirus infection in a neonatal rat model.201223139609
a lactobacillus rhamnosus strain induces a heme oxygenase dependent increase in foxp3+ regulatory t cells.we investigated the consequences of feeding with a lactobacillus species on the immune environment in galt, and the role of dendritic cells and heme oxygenase-1 in mediating these responses. feeding with a specific strain of lactobacillus rhamnosus induced a significant increase in cd4+cd25+foxp3+ functional regulatory t cells in galt. this increase was greatest in the mesenteric lymph nodes and associated with a marked decrease in tnf and ifnγ production. dendritic cell regulatory function and ...201223077634
lactobacillus rhamnosus accelerates zebrafish backbone calcification and gonadal differentiation through effects on the gnrh and igf systems.endogenous microbiota play essential roles in the host's immune system, physiology, reproduction and nutrient metabolism. we hypothesized that a continuous administration of an exogenous probiotic might also influence the host's development. thus, we treated zebrafish from birth to sexual maturation (2-months treatment) with lactobacillus rhamnosus, a probiotic species intended for human use. we monitored for the presence of l. rhamnosus during the entire treatment. zebrafish at 6 days post fert ...201223029107
blood folate concentrations analyzed by microbiological assay and chemiluminescent immunoassay methods.a limited number of studies have been available to compare blood folate concentrations by the microbiological assay (ma) method with those using the chemiluminescent immunoassay (clia) method. we compared folate concentrations measured by lactobacillus rhamnosus ma with those measured by clia (access immunoassay systems) in human plasma/serum and erythrocytes pairs (n=35). the mean plasma folate by ma was significantly higher than that by clia (p<0.0001), whereas the mean erythrocyte folate by m ...201223007069
evaluation of strain-specific primers for identification of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg.lactobacillus rhamnosus strain gg (atcc 53103) is one of the most widely studied and commercialized probiotic strains, and thus strain-specific identification for the strain is highly valuable. in this study, two published pcr-based identification methods for strain gg, a transposase gene-targeting system and a phage-related gene-targeting system, were evaluated. the former produced amplicons from eight of the 41 strains tested and the phage-related system from five of the tested strains, includ ...201223003331
orally administered lactobacillus rhamnosus modulates the respiratory immune response triggered by the viral pathogen-associated molecular pattern poly(i:c).some studies have shown that probiotics, including lactobacillus rhamnosus crl1505, had the potential to beneficially modulate the outcome of certain bacterial and viral respiratory infections. however, these studies did not determine the mechanism(s) by which probiotics contribute to host defense against respiratory viruses.201222989047
application of whey protein micro-bead coatings for enhanced strength and probiotic protection during fruit juice storage and gastric incubation.coated whey protein micro-beads may improve probiotic protection and provide delayed cell-release mechanisms.201222970750
metabolic and proteomic adaptation of lactobacillus rhamnosus strains during growth under cheese-like environmental conditions compared to de man, rogosa, and sharpe medium.the aim of this study was to demonstrate the metabolic and proteomic adaptation of lactobacillus rhamnosus strains, which were isolated at different stages of parmigiano reggiano cheese ripening. compared to de man, rogosa, and sharpe (mrs) broth, cultivation under cheese-like conditions (cheese broth, cb) increased the number of free amino acids used as carbon sources. compared with growth on mrs or pasteurized and microfiltrated milk, all strains cultivated in cb showed a low synthesis of d,l- ...201222965658
genetic mechanisms of variation in erythromycin resistance in lactobacillus rhamnosus strains. 201222948255
effect of different fermentation parameters on l-lactic acid production from liquid distillery stillage.expansion of lactic acid applications, predominantly for the preparation of biodegradable polymers increased the research interest for new, economically favourable production processes. liquid stillage from bioethanol production can be an inexpensive, valuable source of nutrients for growth of lactic acid bacteria. utilisation of residual biomass with spent fermentation media as a functional animal feed can greatly influence the process value and its ecological aspect. in this paper, the kinetic ...201223107725
survival of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg as influenced by storage conditions and product matrixes.mortality resulting from diarrhea especially that occurs in children younger than 5 y of age ranks 3rd among all deaths caused by infectious diseases worldwide. probiotics such as lactobacillus rhamnosus gg are clinically shown to effectively reduce the incidence of diarrhea in children. a food substrate is one of the major factors regulating the colonization of microorganisms in human gastrointestinal tracts. peanut butter is a nutritious, low-moisture food that could be a carrier for probiotic ...201223106385
influence of fermentation conditions on the surface properties and adhesion of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg.the surface properties of probiotic bacteria influence to a large extent their interactions within the gut ecosystem. there is limited amount of information on the effect of the production process on the surface properties of probiotic lactobacilli in relation to the mechanisms of their adhesion to the gastrointestinal mucosa. the aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the fermentation ph and temperature on the surface properties and adhesion ability to caco-2 cells of the probiotic s ...201222931558
[anti-inflammatory mechanism of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg in lipopolysaccharide- stimulated ht-29 cell].probiotics are live non-pathogenic organisms that belong to the resident microflora, and confer health benefits by multiple mechanisms. lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) is one of the probiotic bacteria that ameliorates intestinal injury and inflammation caused by various stimuli. we aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of lgg in lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated ht-29 cells.201222926119
purification and characterization of a proteinase from the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus oxy.a proteinase produced by the human gastrointestinal isolate lactobacillus rhamnosus strain oxy was identified and characterized. the prtr2 gene coding for proteinase activity was detected in the examined strain. the pcr primers used were constructed on the basis of the sequence of the prtr2 proteinase gene from lactobacillus rhamnosus gg. the enzyme was purified by fast protein liquid chromatography (fplc) using cm-sepharose fast flow and sephacryl s-300 columns. sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacryl ...201222897769
screening of biofilm formation by beneficial vaginal lactobacilli and influence of culture media components.to assess the ability of vaginal lactobacilli to form biofilm under different culture conditions and to determine the relationship between their growth and the capability of biofilm formation by selected strains.201222897406
characterisation of the exopolysaccharide (eps)-producing lactobacillus paraplantarum bgcg11 and its non-eps producing derivative strains as potential probiotics.traditional fermented foods are the best source for the isolation of strains with specific traits to act as functional starters and to keep the biodiversity of the culture collections. besides, these strains could be used in the formulation of foods claimed to promote health benefits, i.e. those containing probiotic microorganisms. for the rational selection of strains acting as probiotics, several in vitro tests have been proposed. in the current study, we have characterized the probiotic poten ...201222858135
effect of lgg yoghurt on streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus spp. salivary counts in children.the aim of this study was to establish effect of 14 day consumption of commercially available yoghurt containing lactobacillus rhamnosus atcc53103 - lgg (bioaktiv lgg, dukat, croatia) on streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus spp. salivary counts in children. twenty five patients, 6-10 yr old participated in the study. at the inclusion in the study caries risk for every patient was evaluated. the saliva samples were tested with chair side kits for saliva buffer capacity (crt buffer, vivadent, sc ...201222816209
systemic effects of ingested lactobacillus rhamnosus: inhibition of mast cell membrane potassium (ikca) current and degranulation.exposure of the intestine to certain strains lactobacillus can have systemic immune effects that include the attenuation of allergic responses. despite the central role of mast cells in allergic disease little is known about the effect of lactobacilli on the function of these cells. to address this we assessed changes in rat mast cell activation following oral treatment with a strain of lactobacillus known to attenuate allergic responses in animal models. sprague dawley rats were fed with l. rha ...201222815978
probiotics modulate host-microbe interaction in the placenta and fetal gut: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.early host-microbe interaction provides important maturational stimuli for the developing immune system. the role of prenatal microbial contact remains elusive.201222776980
inhibitory effect of essential oils against lactobacillus rhamnosus and starter culture in fermented milk during its shelf-life period.the use of essential oils in foods has attracted great interest, due to their antagonistic action against pathogenic microorganisms. however, this action is undesirable for probiotic foods, as products containing lactobacillus rhamnosus. the aim of the present study was to measure the sensitivity profile of l. rhamnosus and a yogurt starter culture in fermented milk, upon addition of increasing concentrations of cinnamon, clove and mint essential oils. essential oils were prepared by steam disti ...201224031939
a novel mouse model of atopic dermatitis with epicutaneous allergen sensitization and the effect of lactobacillus rhamnosus.atopic dermatitis (ad) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disease, and the pathogenesis is not completely understood. although there are some mouse models of ad, it is not easy to establish model to represent the natural ad development in human. in this study, we developed an ad model based on outside-inside theory and investigated the effect of lactobacillus rhamnosus (lcr35), which have known as an immune modulator in allergic diseases. skh-1 hairless mice underwent three 1-week expo ...201222742655
optimization and shelf life of a low-lactose yogurt with lactobacillus rhamnosus hn001.lactose intolerance results in gastrointestinal discomfort and the malabsorption of certain nutrients, such as calcium. the replacement of milk with low-lactose and probiotic-enriched dairy products is an effective strategy of mitigating the symptoms of lactose intolerance. lactobacillus rhamnosus hn001 (hn001) is a safe, immunity-stimulating probiotic. we have developed a process to increase the hydrolysis of lactose and hn001 growth in yogurt versus β-galactosidase (βg) concentration and enzym ...201222720912
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