Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| test of the potential of a datp surrogate for sequencing via maldi-ms. | 1-(2'-deoxy-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-3-nitropyrrole phosphate was incorporated into a dna decamer and analyzed via matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (maldi-ms). the extent and composition of the various fragment peaks were compared with those in the maldi-ms spectrum of dt4at5. the nitropyrrole-containing oligomer proved to be more robust. two different dna template assays were then used to attempt to identify dna replicating enzymes that would incorporate the correspond ... | 1997 | 9396818 |
| identification of a single genotype of hepatitis g virus by comparison of one complete genome from a healthy carrier with eight from patients with hepatitis. | different isolates of a putative hepatitis virus called hepatitis gb virus c or hepatitis g virus (hgv) have been cloned recently from patients with hepatitis. this virus has also been found commonly in healthy carriers. we have cloned and sequenced a complete hgv genome, designated hgvcn, from a healthy chinese blood donor. hgvcn shares 85.8-90.0% nucleotide sequence identity and 95.4-97.5% amino acid identity with the eight available full-length hgv genomes. furthermore, the majority (82.8%) o ... | 1997 | 9400975 |
| development and characterization of sv40 immortalized rat submandibular acinar cell lines. | rat submandibular salivary gland acinar cells were transfected by capo4 precipitation using a plasmid containing a replication-defective simian virus (sv40) genome. out of 27 clonal cell lines, two were shown to have moderate to high levels of cytodifferentiation and salivary gland acinar cell function. functional studies with the two cell lines indicated that the beta-adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and prostaglandin e1 were effective activators of intracellula ... | 1997 | 9112124 |
| in vivo and in vitro gene transfer and expression in rat intestinal epithelial cells by e1-deleted adenoviral vector. | the intestine is proposed to be an attractive target site for somatic gene therapy due to a large mass of proliferating tissue and stem cells in the crypts. previous studies using a retroviral vector have shown that a reporter gene, bacterial beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), can be transferred and expressed in the small intestinal epithelial cell. however, transduction efficiency is relatively low in rat and mice intestines. in the present study, we employed an e1-deleted adenoviral vector (which ... | 1997 | 9113515 |
| major differences between whv and hbv in the regulation of transcription. | studies were carried out to further characterize enhancer and promoter elements on the woodchuck hepatitis virus (whv) genome. we were able to confirm the existence of whv promoters analogous to the major promoters of the related human hepatitis b virus (hbv) and of an enhancer analogous to the recently described whv e2 element (ueda, k., wei, y., and ganem, d., virology 217, 413, 1996). however, we were unable to identity an enhancer analogous to the e1 element of (hbv), despite the fact that t ... | 1997 | 9123867 |
| transmission of the hepatitis c virus in an hemodialysis unit: evidence for nosocomial infection. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is a frequent feature in hemodialysis (hd) patients. the way of viral transmission is difficult to establish, but in previous studies the role of blood transfusions and of hd treatment duration, and the possibility of nosocomial transmission of the virus have been suggested. we present here the results of a virological follow-up of hcv infection in our hd unit in 1993-1994, and a molecular study of viral strains that led to a possible reconstruction of viral spr ... | 1997 | 9128794 |
| the entire nucleotide sequences of two gb virus c/hepatitis g virus isolates of distinct genotypes from japan. | recently, putative viral agents responsible for human non-a to e hepatitis have been independently reported by two groups of investigators and designated gb virus c (gbv-c) and hepatitis g virus (hgv), respectively. the entire nucleotide sequences were determined for two viral genomes isolated from japanese blood donors with gbv-c rna. one of them (gt230) had a total genomic length of 9390 nucleotides (nt) with 5' and 3' untranslated regions of 551 and 313 nt, while the other (gt110) had genomic ... | 1997 | 9129645 |
| analysis of mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis c virus: quasispecies nature and buoyant densities of maternal virus populations. | mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis c virus (hcv) was analyzed by sequencing of viral rna and semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction following ultracentrifugation of maternal sera. in two mother-infant pairs, the hypervariable region 1 (hvr1) and carboxyl terminus of envelope 1 (e1) were sequenced. both viral sequences in the infants were less diverse than those of their mothers. although the e1 sequences were almost identical in each mother-infant pair, the hvr1 sequences of the infa ... | 1997 | 9139088 |
| analyses of disulfides present in the rubella virus e1 glycoprotein. | the surface of rubella virus contains the glycoproteins e1 and e2. the e1 protein induces neutralizing antibodies and has been implicated in the process of recognition of cellular receptors. to gain information on the structural organization of the e1 protein we have analyzed the disulfide bonds present within this molecule. the reactivity of the protein with radioactively labeled iodoacetic acid indicates that all 20 cysteine residues present in the ectodomain of the e1 protein are involved in ... | 1997 | 9143273 |
| delineation of regions important for heteromeric association of hepatitis c virus e1 and e2. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is the major causative agent of blood-borne non-a non-b hepatitis. the persistence of hcv infection is believed to reflect escape from the host immunosurveillance system by mutations in hypervariable region 1 (hvr1) of the envelope protein 2 (e2). two envelope proteins of hcv, e1 and e2, have been reported to form a heteromeric complex but the exact organization of the viral envelope proteins remains uncertain. we examined the interaction of e1 and e2 by far- western blot ... | 1997 | 9143310 |
| increased cyclic amp response to forskolin in epstein-barr virus-transformed human b-lymphocytes derived from schizophrenics. | phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (pma), a protein kinase c (pkc) activator, elevated basal cyclic amp levels and enhanced isoproterenol-, prostaglandin e1- (pge1), forskolin- and cholera toxin-stimulated cyclic amp accumulation in epstein-barr virus (ebv)-transformed human b-lymphocytes. staurosporine, a pkc inhibitor, significantly antagonized the increase in cyclic amp accumulation produced by pma, whereas the inactive phorbol ester, 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4 alpha pdd), had no effec ... | 1997 | 9151357 |
| long-term gene delivery into the livers of immunocompetent mice with e1/e4-defective adenoviruses. | we have compared the in vitro and in vivo behaviors of a set of isogenic e1- and e1/e4-defective adenoviruses expressing the lacz gene of escherichia coli from the rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat. infection of tumor-derived established cell lines of human origin with the doubly defective adenoviruses resulted in (i) a lower replication of the viral backbone that correlated with reduced levels of e2a-specific rna and protein, (ii) a significant shutoff of late gene and protein expression, ... | 1997 | 9151856 |
| role of the first and third extracellular domains of cxcr-4 in human immunodeficiency virus coreceptor activity. | the cxcr-4 chemokine receptor and cd4 behave as coreceptors for cell line-adapted human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2) and for dual-tropic hiv strains, which also use the ccr-5 coreceptor. the cell line-adapted hiv-1 strains lai and ndk and the dual-tropic hiv-2 strain rod were able to infect cd4+ cells expressing human cxcr-4, while only lai was able to infect cells expressing the rat homolog of cxcr-4. this strain selectivity was addressed by using human-rat cxcr-4 chim ... | 1997 | 9151868 |
| diminishing adenovirus gene expression and viral replication by promoter replacement. | the adenovirus e4 promoter was replaced by a synthetic promoter composed of a minimal tata box and five consensus 17-mer yeast gal4-binding-site elements. the viral vectors, which also contained human factor ix (hfix) cdna driven by rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat in the e1 region, were then constructed and expanded in 293 cells permanently expressing gal4/vp16 fusion protein. viral replication and expression of adenovirus e4 genes and late genes (hexon and fiber) were evaluated in vitro ... | 1997 | 9151874 |
| intracoronary adenovirus-mediated transfer of immunosuppressive cytokine genes prolongs allograft survival. | intracoronary transfer and expression of recombinant genes in the intact heart is now feasible. in the transplant setting, local modulation of host immune responses by a genetically modified allograft may offer an attractive alternative to systemic immunosuppression. | 1997 | 9434687 |
| derivatives of activated h-ras lacking c-terminal lipid modifications retain transforming ability if targeted to the correct subcellular location. | to examine the ability of ras to activate signal transduction pathways in the absence of lipid modifications, fusion proteins were constructed that target raswt or activated ras61l to cellular membranes as integral membrane proteins, using the first transmembrane domain of the e1 protein of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), which contains a cis-golgi targeting signal. golgi-targeted derivatives of activated ras were completely inactive in transformation assays. however, when examined in f ... | 1997 | 9050994 |
| conditional repression of the e2 transcription unit in e1-e3-deleted adenovirus vectors is correlated with a strong reduction in viral dna replication and late gene expression in vitro. | an e1-e3-deleted recombinant adenovirus vector expressing the hybrid protein tetr-krab has been produced. in this virus, adtg9562, the e2 transcription is regulated by tetr-krab and teto sequences inserted in cis. in the absence of tetracycline, a strong reduction in e2a gene expression, viral dna replication, and late gene expression was observed in noncomplementing a549 cells, and a reduction in viral growth was seen in the e1-expressing 293 cells. in contrast, there was no repression in the p ... | 1997 | 9060700 |
| interleukin-10 immunoadhesin production by a replication-defective adenovirus. | the present study examined the use of replication-defective adenovirus for in vitro production of an immunoadhesin. a recombinant adenovirus, rendered replication defective by deletion of the e1 gene, was constructed to contain the murine interleukin-10 gene fused in frame with the hinge, ch2, and ch3 domains of the murine immunoglobulin gamma 1 heavy chain constant region gene under the control of the human cytomegalovirus promoter. the resultant recombinant virus, ad5.hcmv.mil-10:hfc, was used ... | 1997 | 9075770 |
| [comparison between hgv genome and hgbv-c genome]. | new hepatitis viruses, hepatitis g virus(hgv) and hepatitis gb virus c(hgbv-c), were reported from two groups of researchers. now these two are thought to be similar but hgv genome(u44402) and hgbv-c genome(u36380) do not have the same sequence. we compare these two sequences in both nucleotide and aminoacid analyses. homology of nucleotide between hgv and hgbv-c is 83.8% in 5'nc region, 88.8% in core, 85.1% in e1, 85.7% in e2, 85.1% in ns2-3, 84.5% in ns4a, 86.8% in ns4b-5a, 88.6% in ns5b and 1 ... | 1997 | 9086765 |
| a novel family of viral death effector domain-containing molecules that inhibit both cd-95- and tumor necrosis factor receptor-1-induced apoptosis. | molluscum contagiosum virus proteins mc159 and mc160 and the equine herpesvirus 2 protein e8 share substantial homology to the death effector domain present in the adaptor molecule fas-associated death domain protein (fadd) and the initiating death protease fadd-like interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (flice) (caspase-8). fadd and flice participate in generating the death signal from both tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (tnfr-1) and the cd-95 receptor. the flow of death signals from tnfr-1 occ ... | 1997 | 9092488 |
| the role of rubella-immunoblot and rubella-peptide-eia for the diagnosis of the congenital rubella syndrome during the prenatal and newborn periods. | rubella infection during the first trimester of pregnancy can cause the congenital rubella syndrome (crs). patients with crs were shown to have a decreased humoral and cellular immunity. it is not known whether asymptomatic newborns who had experienced intrauterine infection with rubella virus (rv) differ in their antibody response from newborns with crs. in this study we compared both groups for a difference which might be a useful diagnostic criterion for crs during the prenatal and newborn pe ... | 1997 | 9093941 |
| mutational analysis of the human papillomavirus type 16 e1--e4 protein shows that the c terminus is dispensable for keratin cytoskeleton association but is involved in inducing disruption of the keratin filaments. | the function of the human papillomavirus (hpv) e4 proteins is unknown. in cultured epithelial cells the proteins associate with the keratin intermediate filaments (ifs) and, for some e4 types, e.g., hpv type 16 (hpv-16), induce collapse of the keratin networks. an n-terminal leucine-rich motif (llxll) is a conserved feature of many e4 proteins. in a previous study we showed that deletion of this region from the hpv-1 and -16 e4 proteins abrogated the localization of the mutant proteins to the ke ... | 1997 | 9094627 |
| the use of an e1-deleted, replication-defective adenovirus recombinant expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein for early vaccination of mice against rabies virus. | an e1-deleted, replication-defective adenovirus recombinant of the human strain 5 expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein, termed adrab.gp, was tested in young mice. mice immunized at birth with the adrab.gp construct developed antibodies to rabies virus and cytokine-secreting lymphocytes and were protected against subsequent challenge. maternal immunity to rabies virus strongly interferes with vaccination of the offspring with a traditional inactivated rabies virus vaccine. the immune response ... | 1997 | 9094641 |
| echovirus 1 replication, not only virus binding to its receptor, vla-2, is required for the induction of cellular immediate-early genes. | induction of immediate-early genes c-jun, junb, and c-fos was demonstrated during echovirus 1 infection in a human osteogenic sarcoma (hos) cell line. tenfold induction was seen at 10 h postinfection, corresponding approximately to the end of the first replication cycle of the virus. echovirus 1 uses vla-2 integrin as its cellular receptor, and ligand binding by integrin is known to trigger signal transduction pathways ultimately activating immediate-early genes. in the present study, however, v ... | 1997 | 9094704 |
| unwinding of the box i element of a herpes simplex virus type 1 origin by a complex of the viral origin binding protein, single-strand dna binding protein, and single-stranded dna. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) genome contains three origins of replication: oril and two copies of oris. these origins contain specific sequences, box i and box ii, linked by an at-rich segment, that are recognized by an hsv-1-encoded origin binding protein (ul9 protein) which also possesses dna helicase activity. despite its intrinsic helicase activity, the ul9 protein is unable to unwind oris or the box i element of oris, either in the presence or absence of the hsv-1-encoded single- ... | 1997 | 9096307 |
| transgenic expression of hepatitis c virus structural proteins in the mouse. | although hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, the role of viral cytopathic effects remains unclear. to study the biosynthesis of hcv structural proteins and their pathogenic role, we constructed transgenic mice, expressing type 1b hcv structural proteins (core, e1, and e2) in liver tissues. two liver-specific promoters were used. the mouse major urinary protein (mup) promoter has been shown to be developmentally regulated with little or no expression i ... | 1997 | 9096613 |
| investigation of the pattern of diversity of hepatitis c virus in relation to times of transmission. | the rate of sequence change of hcv in vivo was used to date the spread of hcv genotype 1b in european, usa and japanese populations. silent substitution rates of 0.0011 and 0.0017 substitutions per site per year were observed in the ns5 and e1 regions by sequence comparisons from a cohort of individuals infected from a common source of infection 17 years previously. mean silent substitution frequencies of 0.169 and 0.224 in ns5 and e1, respectively, were observed amongst type 1b variants infecti ... | 1997 | 9097281 |
| plasmid dna-based immunization for hepatitis c virus structural proteins: immune responses in mice. | plasmid dna-based immunization has been shown to be an effective means of vaccination in animal models. in this study, the immune responses to various hepatitis c virus structural protein antigens were evaluated using this technique. | 1997 | 9098018 |
| adenovirus-mediated in vivo gene transfer rapidly protects ornithine transcarbamylase-deficient mice from an ammonium challenge. | the purpose of this study was to determine the time of onset, duration, and the efficacy of in vivo gene transfer in protecting the ornithine transcarbamylase deficient spf/y mouse from an acute ammonium challenge. the animals were challenged with ammonia (10 mmol/kg nh4cl) 1, 2, 7, 14, or 28 d after the administration of a recombinant adenoviral construct deleted in e1 and with a temperature sensitive mutation in e2. although there was no protection with the control lacz virus, the ornithine tr ... | 1997 | 9098855 |
| the role of antibody in recovery from alphavirus encephalitis. | alphaviruses infect neurons in the brain and spinal cord and cause acute encephalomyelitis in a variety of mammals. the outcome of infection is determined by whether the neurons survive infection and this, in turn, is determined by the virulence of the virus and the age of the host at the time of infection. we have been studying sindbis virus (sv) infection of mice as a model system for alphavirus-induced encephalomyelitis. investigation of intracerebral infection of weanling mice with two diffe ... | 1997 | 9416509 |
| analysis of hepatitis c virus isolates using molecular and serological typing methods. | this study comprised 100 persons with antibodies to hepatitis c virus (hcv), including 77 intravenous drug users (ivdus). they were tested with serological hcv typing assays (murex hcv serotyping 1-6 assay; chiron riba hcv serotyping sia). patients with a positive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for hcv (n = 66) were tested with genotyping molecular assays (inno-lipa hcv ii test; sorin gen-eti-k hcv typing assay). comparison of the results of these tests showed that (a) 92% of samples could be t ... | 1997 | 9607080 |
| hepatitis viruses: genetic variants and clinical significance. | variants of hepatitis b, c, and delta virus have been identified in patients both with acute and chronic infections. in the hepatitis b virus genome, naturally occurring mutations have been found in all viral genes, most notably in the genes coding for the structural envelope and nucleocapsid proteins. in the hepatitis c virus genome, the regions coding for the structural envelope proteins e1 and e2, as well as the 3'-contiguous non-structural region ns1, were found to be hypervariable. viral va ... | 1997 | 9506264 |
| expression and interaction of the hepatitis c virus structural proteins and the 5' untranslated region in baculovirus infected cells. | the structural proteins, core, e1 and a c-terminal truncated e2 (c-e1-e2p) as well as the 5'utr linked to the core gene (5'utr-c) of the hepatitis c virus were expressed in sf9 cells. expression of the c-e1-e2p polyprotein from a single vector resulted in expression of multiple forms suggesting that the cleavage of the polyprotein in the insect cells is incomplete. the structural proteins were expressed as insoluble forms and were solubilized by freeze/thaw cycles or detergent treatment. analysi ... | 1997 | 9672587 |
| gene delivery into neuronal and glial cells by using a replication-deficient adenovirus vector: prospects for neurological gene therapy. | we have used a recombinant adenovirus vector (e1-) expressing β-galactosidase to explore a novel mechanism with which to transfer genes into cells of the central nervous system (cns). the replication-deficient adenovirus vector expressing β-galactosidase (rad35) was propagated on a permissive helper cell line (293 cells). high level protein expression from the human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter (hcmv ie) was obtained in a target cell population of rad35 infected cultured neuronal and ... | 1997 | 22358769 |
| construction of a helper-dependent adenoviral vector and its application to mice. | first-generation adenoviral vector with e1 and e3 deleted can effectively deliver foreign genes into target cells and leads to high level of expression of transgenes, but it leads only to transient expression because of the cellular immunity against early and late viral antigens expressed in targeted cells. in order to overcome these difficulties, we have recently developed a helper-dependent recombinant adenovirus vector hadi-hfviii in which a large part of the viral genome, including l3, l1, l ... | 1998 | 12167987 |
| a high-yielding serum-free, suspension cell culture process to manufacture recombinant adenoviral vectors for gene therapy. | we have developed an efficient, reproducible, and scaleable cell culture process for a recombinant adenoviral vector expressing therapeutic transgenes for clinical trials. hek 293 cells - which support the propagation of e1 deficient adenovirus - were first adapted to serum free media and suspension growth. subsequent studies focused on the infection, virus production and harvest from suspension culture bioreactors. future studies are planned to address the kinetics of adenovirus production in h ... | 1998 | 19003410 |
| gbv-rna detection by polymerase chain reaction with several primer pairs. | the identification of specific genomic sequences of gb viruses (gbv) has made it possible to utilize the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for evaluation of the viraemia. several studies have demonstrated the rna-gbv presence in sera from different patients amplifying several portions of the virus. in this investigation the pcr results when different regions of gbv (ns3, utr and putative core and e1) were amplified in the same sample. in 245 samples studied there were two (0.8%) discordant results ... | 1998 | 9872001 |
| novel nonnucleoside inhibitors of hiv-1 reverse transcriptase. 8. 8-aryloxymethyl- and 8-arylthiomethyldipyridodiazepinones. | nevirapine (i) is the first human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (rt) inhibitor to reach regulatory approval. as a result of a second generation program around the tricyclic core system of nevirapine, 2-chloro-5, 11-dihydro-11-ethyl-5-methyl-8-(2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-6h-dipyrido[3, 2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepin-6-one (ii)1a and 2-chloro-5, 11-dihydro-11-ethyl-5-methyl-8-phenylethyl-6h-dipyrido[3,2-b:2', 3'-e][1,4]diazepin-6-one (iii)1a were identified as br ... | 1998 | 9685236 |
| full-length gbv-c/hgv genomes from nine japanese isolates: characterization by comparative analyses. | the genomes of nine gbv-c/hgv isolates from japanese chronic hepatitis patients were fully sequenced and characterized. they shared 85% nucleotide sequence homology with previously characterized isolates from the us and west africa. homology studies and phylogenetic analyses showed that the japanese isolates formed a third group distinct from the established groups 1 and 2. the genetic distances between the three groups of gbv-c/hgv were very similar to the distances between the two classical sw ... | 1998 | 9687865 |
| hepatitis c virus-specific ctl responses in pbmc from chimpanzees with chronic hepatitis c: determination of ctl and ctl precursor frequencies using a recombinant canarypox virus (alvac). | the aim of this study was to evaluate hcv-cytotoxic t lymphocyte response from pbmc in bulk ctl assays and in ctl precursor analyses using in vitro stimulation with canarypox virus (alvac) expressing hcv-capsid/e1/e2/ns2/ns3 antigens. canarypox virus is naturally host-range restricted and does not replicate or cause cytopathology on mammalian cells. pbmc were obtained from four chimpanzees with chronic hepatitis c infection and one uninfected chimpanzee. ctl from bulk culture of pbmc and ctl pre ... | 1998 | 9692864 |
| functional interaction between the bovine papillomavirus virus type 1 replicative helicase e1 and cyclin e-cdk2. | we have found that the replicative helicase e1 of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) interacts with a key cell cycle regulator of s phase, the cyclin e-cdk2 kinase. the e1 helicase, which interacts with cyclin e and not with cdk2, presents the highest affinity for catalytically active kinase complexes. in addition, e1, cyclin e, and cdk2 expressed in xenopus egg extracts are quantitatively coimmunoprecipitated from crude extracts by either anti-cdk2 or anti-e1 antibodies. e1 protein is also a ... | 1998 | 9696820 |
| a c-terminal helicase domain of the human papillomavirus e1 protein binds e2 and the dna polymerase alpha-primase p68 subunit. | the human papillomavirus (hpv) e1 and e2 proteins bind cooperatively to the viral origin of replication (ori), forming an e1-e2-ori complex that is essential for initiation of dna replication. all other replication proteins, including dna polymerase alpha-primase (polalpha-primase), are derived from the host cell. we have carried out a detailed analysis of the interactions of hpv type 16 (hpv-16) e1 with e2, ori, and the four polalpha-primase subunits. deletion analysis showed that a c-terminal ... | 1998 | 9696837 |
| secretion and purification of hcv e1 protein forms as glutathione-s-transferase fusion in the baculovirus insect cell system. | we have expressed the e1 protein of hepatitis c virus (hcv) in a new recombinant form by using a baculovirus transfer vector directing the expression of proteins fused to the carboxy-terminus of glutathione-s-transferase (gst). the e1 domain was expressed varying at its carboxy terminus in order to retain (gst-e1) or delete (gst-e1b) the c-terminal hydrophobic region that may be involved in membrane association. following infection with the recombinant virus, gst-e1b was efficiently secreted int ... | 1998 | 9725668 |
| characterization of the structural proteins of hepatitis c virus expressed by an adenovirus recombinant. | human adenoviruses have been used for mammalian expression vectors and recombinant vaccines for heterologous antigens. we constructed and characterized an infectious adenovirus recombinant containing core-e1-e2 genes of hepatitis c virus (hcv). the core protein was produced mainly during the early phase of viral infection. expression of hcv e1 and e2 envelope proteins was detected by an immunoprecipitation with hcv-positive patient's sera. the purified e1 and e2 proteins appeared to be composed ... | 1998 | 9725670 |
| molecular analysis of rubella virus epidemiology across three continents, north america, europe, and asia, 1961-1997. | e1 gene nucleotide sequences of 63 rubella virus isolates from north america, europe, and asia isolated between 1961 and 1997 were compared phylogenetically. two genotypes were evident: genotype i contained 60 viruses from north america, europe, and japan, and genotype ii contained 3 viruses from china and india. the genotype i isolates prior to 1970 grouped into a single diffuse clade, indicating intercontinental circulation, while most post-1975 viruses segregated into geographic clades from e ... | 1998 | 9728531 |
| optimal induction of hepatitis c virus envelope-specific immunity by bicistronic plasmid dna inoculation with the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene. | in this study, we have constructed various dna vaccine vectors that carried hepatitis c virus (hcv) envelope genes without and with the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) gene in several different ways. in buffalo rats that received plasmids carrying the hcv envelope genes, which encode envelope proteins e1 and e2, both antibody and lymphoproliferative responses against these proteins were induced. these responses were greatly enhanced by the codelivery of the gm-csf gene. ... | 1998 | 9733898 |
| effects of site-directed mutations of transmembrane cysteines in sindbis virus e1 and e2 glycoproteins on palmitylation and virus replication. | the two glycoproteins that form the external spikes of the alphaviruses are type 1 membrane proteins whose transmembrane domains of hydrophobic amino acids are close to the carboxyl termini of the polypeptides and anchor the proteins in the lipid bilayer. most of the members of the alphavirus genus contain within this transmembrane sequence one or more highly conserved cysteines, which are positioned close to the cytoplasmic face of the lipid bilayer. cysteines in the cytoplasmic domains of the ... | 1998 | 9740777 |
| the conformation of hepatitis c virus ns3 proteinase with and without ns4a: a structural basis for the activation of the enzyme by its cofactor. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) ns3 proteinase activity is required for the release of hcv nonstructural proteins and is thus a potential antiviral target. the enzyme requires a protein cofactor ns4a, located downstream of ns3 on the polyprotein, for activation and efficient processing. | 1998 | 9741640 |
| perspectives for a hepatitis c virus vaccine. | natural hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection elicits poor immunity. although hcv proteins elicit immune responses in virtually all cases of infection, the great majority of hcv infections become chronic. currently, no vaccine is available for hcv despite an estimated incidence of approximately 50000 new cases per year in the usa alone. | 1998 | 9741644 |
| defective adenoviruses as novel vaccines for the flaviviridae. | vaccines against many flaviviruses, such as japanese encephalitis virus (jev), yellow fever virus (yfv) and tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), have been successfully used for many years. other diseases such as dengue fever (df) and hepatitis c are still major public health problems as no licensed vaccines are in use. | 1998 | 9741645 |
| hepatitis c virus envelope dna-based immunization elicits humoral and cellular immune responses. | the vaccine development for hepatitis c virus (hcv) is highly urgent to prevent non a and non b hepatitis. it was recently shown that the hcv envelope proteins appeared to the key viral antigens to induce protective immunity. to generate immune responses to the hcv envelope proteins on the dna-based immunization, various envelope gene-containing plasmids were constructed. for efficient expression and secretion of envelope proteins, the signal sequence of each envelope protein was replaced with e ... | 1998 | 9749532 |
| degree and distribution of variability in the 5' untranslated, e1, e2/ns1 and ns5 regions of the hepatitis c virus (hcv). | hepatitis c virus (hcv) shows a high degree of variability resulting in many different variants. in this work we described the variability of several subgenomic fragments from the 5' untranslated region (5'-utr) and e1, e2/ns1 and ns5 regions comparing, for every position, all the sequences published in genbank v. 88 (july 1995) as well as new sequences obtained in this work. variability was determined in two ways. first, we analysed the degree and type of substitutions found in these regions. s ... | 1998 | 9751009 |
| the first step: activation of the semliki forest virus spike protein precursor causes a localized conformational change in the trimeric spike. | the structure of the particle formed by the sfvmsql mutant of semliki forest virus (sfv) has been defined by cryo-electron microscopy and image reconstruction to a resolution of 21 a. the sql mutation blocks the cleavage of p62, the precursor of the spike proteins e2 and e3, which normally occurs in the trans-golgi. the uncleaved spike protein is insensitive to the low ph treatment that triggers membrane fusion during entry of the wild-type virus. the conformation of the spike in the sfvmsql par ... | 1998 | 9761674 |
| point mutation of a rubella virus e1 protein t-cell epitope by substitution of single amino acid reversed the restrictive hla-dr polymorphism: a possible mechanism maintaining hla polymorphism. | the influence of single amino acid substitutions within a rubella e1 protein t-cell epitope, e1(273-284) on t-cell recognition was studied. substitutions of an uncharged amino acid a for an e or for a t and substitution of a t for s were found to not significantly reduce the t-cell responses. however, substitution of a charged residue such as e for hydrophobic residues (i, v, or w); d for q; or a relatively larger size amino acid for polar residues completely abolished the cytotoxicities mediate ... | 1998 | 9765031 |
| effects of mutations in the rubella virus e1 glycoprotein on e1-e2 interaction and membrane fusion activity. | rubella virus (rv) virions contain two glycosylated membrane proteins, e1 and e2, that exist as a heterodimer and form the viral spike complexes on the virion surface. formation of an e1-e2 heterodimer is required for transport of e1 out of the endoplasmic reticulum lumen to the golgi apparatus and plasma membrane. to investigate the nature of the e1-e2 interaction, we have introduced mutations in the internal hydrophobic region (residues 81 to 109) of e1. substitution of serine at cys82 (mutant ... | 1998 | 9765418 |
| inhibition of nf-kappab activation in combination with bcl-2 expression allows for persistence of first-generation adenovirus vectors in the mouse liver. | nf-kappab is a key regulator of the innate antiviral immune response, due in part to its transcriptional activation of cytokines and adhesion molecules, which, in turn, function in chemotaxis and activation of inflammatory cells. we reported earlier that viral gene expression in hepatocytes transduced with first-generation (e1-deleted) adenoviruses induced nf-kappab activation, elevation of serum cytokines, and hepatocellular apoptosis during the first days postinfusion. these events did not occ ... | 1998 | 9765474 |
| microplate-reverse hybridization method to determine dengue virus serotype. | a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and microplate-reverse hybridization method were developed to detect and type dengue viruses in patients plasma specimens. a silica method was used to isolate rna; and 3'-noncoding region universal primers were used to amplify dengue virus rna. using rt-pcr and ethidium bromide staining we could detect dengue virus in serum spiked with serially diluted dengue virus with a level of sensitivity similar to that of a quantitative fluorescent ... | 1998 | 9766894 |
| novel 1,1,3-trioxo-2h,4h-thieno[3,4-e][1,2,4]thiadiazine derivatives as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors that inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication. | the 1,1,3-trioxo-2h,4h-thieno[3,4-e][1,2,4]thiadiazines (ttds) represent a recently discovered chemical class of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors that selectively block human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication. in a search for a better understanding of their mode of binding and with the aim of obtaining novel lead compounds, a second series of ttd derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for antiviral activity. the design of the new compounds was based on a variety of chem ... | 1998 | 9767646 |
| hepatitis c virus e1 protein induces modification of membrane permeability in e. coli cells. | the e1 gene of hepatitis c virus (hcv) has been cloned and expressed in bl21(de3)plys escherichia coli strain by pet3a vector to analyze changes in membrane permeability produced by this protein. we showed that the expression of e1 (aa 192-383), as well as of two c-terminal fragments (aa 331-383 and aa 341-383) corresponding to the transmembrane (tm) region of this protein, induced a rapid lysis of cells. on the contrary, the expression of a mutant of e1 (aa 192-340), lacking the last 40 amino a ... | 1998 | 9770414 |
| echovirus 1 infection induces both stress- and growth-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways and regulates the transcription of cellular immediate-early genes. | we have previously shown that echovirus 1 (ev1) infection increases the mrna levels of cellular immediate-early (ie) genes in host cells. here we provide further evidence that the induction of junb, c-jun, and c-fos genes is due to active viral macromolecular synthesis rather than to the interaction of ev1 with its receptor, alpha2beta1 integrin. nuclear run-on transcription assays indicated that differences in mrna levels in infected and uninfected cells are brought about by regulation at the t ... | 1998 | 9770423 |
| the complete dna sequence and genome organization of the avian adenovirus, hemorrhagic enteritis virus. | hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) belongs to the adenoviridae family, a subgroup of adenoviruses (ads) that infect avian species. in this article, the complete dna sequence and the genome organization of the virus are described. the full-length of the genome was found to be 26,263 bp, shorter than the dna of any other ad described so far. the g + c content of the genome is 34.93%. there are short terminal repeats (39 bp), as described for other ads. genes were identified by comparison of the dna ... | 1998 | 9791022 |
| fas-mediated apoptosis is involved in the elimination of gene-transduced hepatocytes with e1/e3-deleted adenoviral vectors. | gene-transduced hepatocytes with e1/e3-deleted adenoviral vectors are eliminated immediately and the expression of transduced genes disappears rapidly following the vector administration. in this report, we analysed the involvement of apoptotic cell death in the elimination of hepatocytes infected with adenoviral vectors. an e1/e3-deleted adenoviral vector expressing escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (lacz) was injected via the portal vein into congenitally fas-deficient mice (lpr), fas ligand ... | 1998 | 9792044 |
| multigene tracking of hepatitis c virus quasispecies after liver transplantation: correlation of genetic diversification in the envelope region with asymptomatic or mild disease patterns. | to investigate the role of hepatitis c virus (hcv) quasispecies mutation in the pathogenesis of hcv infection, we analyzed changes in the genetic diversity of hcv genomes in 22 patients before and after liver transplantation by using heteroduplex mobility assay (hma) technology. all patients were infected with hcv genotype 1 and developed high-titer posttransplant viremia. each patient was classified according to the severity of posttransplant hepatitis, as assessed by standard biochemical and h ... | 1998 | 9811742 |
| murine antibodies against e2 and hypervariable region 1 cross-reactively capture hepatitis c virus. | the absence of readily available animal and cell culture models for hepatitis c virus (hcv) replication has bottlenecked research on protective immunity to hcv infection. antibodies reactive with hcv virions in vitro are assumed to be candidates for neutralizing or inhibitory antibodies against hcv. to find potentially neutralizing or inhibitory antibody candidates, anti-c, anti-e1, anti-e2, and anti-hvr1 antisera acquired from mice immunized with corresponding recombinant proteins or synthetic ... | 1998 | 9813211 |
| adeno-associated virus vectors can be efficiently produced without helper virus. | the purpose of this work was to develop an efficient method for the production of adeno-associated virus (aav) vectors in the absence of helper virus. the adenovirus regions that mediate aav vector replication were identified and assembled into a helper plasmid. these included the va, e2a and e4 regions. when this helper plasmid was cotransfected into 293 cells, along with plasmids encoding the aav vector, and rep and cap genes, aav vector was produced as efficiently as when using adenovirus inf ... | 1998 | 9813665 |
| clara cell secretory protein decreases lung inflammation after acute virus infection. | clara cell secretory protein (ccsp) is an abundant 10-kda polypeptide synthesized and secreted primarily by nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells in the mammalian lung. to determine the potential role of ccsp in pulmonary inflammation after acute viral infection, ccsp gene-targeted (ccsp-deficient [ccsp(-/-)]) mice were exposed to a recombinant e1- and e3-deficient adenoviral vector, av1luc1, intratracheally. lung inflammation was markedly increased in ccsp(-/-) mice compared with wild-type c ... | 1998 | 9815110 |
| interaction of human papillomavirus 8 regulatory proteins e2, e6 and e7 with components of the tfiid complex. | human papillomavirus 8 (hpv8) is one of the oncogenic hpv types specifically associated with skin cancers of epidermodysplasia verruciformis patients. the early gene products of this virus exert functions in transformation (e2, e6, e7), replication (e1, e2) and in the control of viral transcription (e2, e7). many viral and cellular transactivators of transcription have been shown to interact selectively and directly with a number of tata-box-binding protein (tbp)-associated factors (tafiis), whi ... | 1998 | 9820841 |
| hepatitis c virus glycoprotein complex localization in the endoplasmic reticulum involves a determinant for retention and not retrieval. | the hepatitis c virus (hcv) genome encodes two envelope glycoproteins (e1 and e2). these glycoproteins interact to form a noncovalent heterodimeric complex which in the cell accumulates in endoplasmic reticulum (er)-like structures. the transmembrane domain of e2, at least, is involved in hcv glycoprotein complex localization in this compartment. in principle, er localization of a protein can be the consequence of actual retention in this organelle or of retrieval from the golgi. to determine wh ... | 1998 | 9822684 |
| development and characterization of immortalized rat parotid and submandibular acinar cell lines. | the purpose of this investigation was to develop well-differentiated rat parotid and submandibular acinar cell lines. acinar cells dissociated from rat parotid and submandibular glands were grown on mitomycin c-treated 3t3 fibroblasts or matrigel in primary culture and transfected by capo4 precipitation using a plasmid containing a replication-defective simian virus (sv40) genome. cytokeratin analysis via indirect immunofluorescence and receptor mediated changes in intracellular calcium and cycl ... | 1998 | 9825893 |
| high-titer adeno-associated viral vectors from a rep/cap cell line and hybrid shuttle virus. | adeno-associated virus (aav) is a potential vector for in vivo gene therapy. a critical analysis of its utility has been hampered by methods of production that are inefficient, difficult to scale up, and that often generate substantial quantities of replication-competent aav. we describe a novel method for producing aav that addresses these problems. a cell line, called b50, was created by stably transfecting into hela cells a rep/cap-containing plasmid utilizing endogenous aav promoters. produc ... | 1998 | 9829534 |
| detection of enteroviral rna in end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy in children and adolescents. | medical records and archival myocardial specimens of 33 children and adolescents with end-stage idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (idcm) were collected to evaluate retrospectively the potential role of enteroviral persistence in the pathogenesis of idcm. the clinical history and laboratory assessment of each patient were reviewed carefully in order to obtain information on the nature and etiology of infections in the past and at the time of diagnosis of cardiomyopathy. sixty-four formaldehyde-fi ... | 1998 | 9829643 |
| the role of the immune system in anogenital human papillomavirus. | there is substantial evidence from experiments of nature that immune competence plays a major part in determining the outcome of anogenital human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. cellular rather than humoral immunity would appear to be the key to the control and eradication of hpv-induced warts. it seems likely that the hpv early proteins, which are responsible for viral replication (e1 and e2) and for promoting tissue proliferation (e6 and e7) will be the target antigens recognized by antigen-sp ... | 1998 | 9842093 |
| efficient construction of a recombinant adenovirus vector by an improved in vitro ligation method. | an efficient method for constructing a recombinant adenovirus (ad) vector, based on an in vitro ligation, has been developed. to insert the foreign gene into an adenoviral dna, we introduced three unique restriction sites, i-ceui, swai, and pi-scei, into the e1 deletion site of the vector plasmid, which contains a complete e1, e3-deleted adenovirus type 5 genome. i-ceui and pi-scei are intron-encoded endonucleases with a sequence specificity of at least 9-10 and 11 bp, respectively. a shuttle pl ... | 1998 | 9853524 |
| colorimetric assays for evaluation of the mode of action of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. | four non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (rt) inhibitors, 9-ci-tibo [(+)-s-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-9- chloro-5-methyl-6-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)imidazo(4,5,1-jk)(1,4)- benzodiazepin-2(1h)-thione)], nevirapine (6,11-dihydro-11-cyclopropyl-4-methyl-dipyrido[2,3-b:2',3'-e]-[1,4]di azepin- 6-one), msa-300 (n-[cis-2-(2-hydroxy-3-acetyl-6-methoxy-phenyl)-cyclopropyl]-n'- (5-chloropyrid-2-yl)-thiourea) and delavirdine ¿1-(5-methanesulphonamido-1h-indol-2-yl-carbonyl)-4-[3- (1-methylethylamino)pyridinyl]piperaz ... | 1998 | 9875388 |
| molecular targets for human papillomaviruses: prospects for antiviral therapy. | a substantial medical need exists for the development of antiviral medicines for the treatment of diseases associated with infection by human papillomaviruses (hpvs). hpvs are associated with various benign and malignant lesions including benign genital condyloma, common skin warts, laryngeal papillomas and anogenital cancer. since treatment options are limited and typically not very satisfactory, the development of safe and effective antiviral drugs for hpv could have substantial clinical impac ... | 1998 | 9875390 |
| inhibition of mayaro virus replication by prostaglandin a1 and b2 in vero cells. | the effect of prostaglandins (pga1 and pgb2) on the replication of mayaro virus was studied in vero cells. pga1 and pgb2 antiviral activity was found to be dose-dependent. however, while 10 micrograms/ml pgb2 inhibited virus yield by 60%, at the same dose pga1 suppressed virus replication by more than 90%. sds-page analysis of [35s]-methionine-labelled proteins showed that pga1 did not alter cellular protein synthesis. in infected cells, pga1 slightly inhibited the synthesis of protein c, while ... | 1998 | 9876277 |
| inhibition of the hepatitis c virus helicase-associated atpase activity by the combination of adp, naf, mgcl2, and poly(ru). two adp binding sites on the enzyme-nucleic acid complex. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) helicase has an intrinsic atpase activity and a nucleic acid (poly(ru))-stimulated atpase activity. the poly(ru)-stimulated atpase activity was inhibited by f- in a time-dependent manner during atp hydrolysis. inhibition was the result of trapping an enzyme-bound adp-poly(ru) ternary complex generated during the catalytic cycle and was not the result of generating enzyme-free adp that subsequently inhibited the enzyme. however, catalysis was not required for efficient inh ... | 1998 | 9516436 |
| 1,1,3-trioxo-2h,4h-thieno[3,4-e][1,2,4]thiadiazine (ttd) derivatives: a new class of nonnucleoside human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) reverse transcriptase inhibitors with anti-hiv-1 activity. | we report the development of a new group of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nnrtis). one of the most active congeners of this series of 1,1,3-trioxo-2h,4h-thieno[3,4-e] [1,2,4]thiadiazine (ttd) derivatives, i.e., 2-(3-fluorobenzyl)-4-cyanomethylen-l,1,3-trioxo-2h,4h- thieno [3,4-e] [1,2,4] thiadiazine) (qm96639) was found to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 [hiv-1 (iiib)] replication in mt-4 cells at a concentration of 0.09 microm. this compound was toxic for the ... | 1998 | 9517942 |
| core particles of hepatitis b virus as carrier for foreign epitopes. | to be effective as vaccines, most monomeric proteins and peptides either require chemical coupling to high molecular weight carriers or application together with adjuvants. more recently, recombinant dna techniques have been used to insert foreign epitopes into proteins with inherent multimerization capacity, such as particle-forming viral capsid or envelope proteins. the core protein of hepatitis b virus (hbcag), because of its unique structural and immunological properties, has gained widespre ... | 1998 | 9520999 |
| characterization of hepatitis g virus (gb-c virus) particles: evidence for a nucleocapsid and expression of sequences upstream of the e1 protein. | hepatitis g virus (hgv or gb-c virus) is a newly described virus that is closely related to hepatitis c virus (hcv). based on sequence analysis and by evaluation of translational initiation codon preferences utilized during in vitro translation, hgv appears to have a truncated or absent core protein at the amino terminus of the hgv polyprotein. consequently, the biophysical properties of hgv may be very different from those of hcv. to characterize hgv particle types, we evaluated plasma from chr ... | 1998 | 9525592 |
| the carboxyl-terminal region of the human papillomavirus type 16 e1 protein determines e2 protein specificity during dna replication. | the mechanism of dna replication is conserved among papillomaviruses. the virus-encoded e1 and e2 proteins collaborate to target the origin and recruit host dna replication proteins. expression vectors of e1 and e2 proteins support homologous and heterologous papillomaviral origin replication in transiently transfected cells. viral proteins from different genotypes can also collaborate, albeit with different efficiencies, indicating a certain degree of specificity in e1-e2 interactions. we repor ... | 1998 | 9525677 |
| efficient conditional transgene expression in hepatitis c virus cdna transgenic mice mediated by the cre/loxp system. | conditional gene expression has greatly facilitated the examination of the functions of particular gene products. using the cre/loxp system, we developed efficient conditional transgene activation of hepatitis c virus (hcv) cdna (nucleotides 294-3435) in transgenic mice. efficient recombination was observed in transgenic mouse liver upon intravenous administration of adenovirus that expresses cre dna recombinase. after transgene activation, most hepatocytes were stained with anti-core polyclonal ... | 1998 | 9535887 |
| development and characterization of sv40 immortalized rat parotid acinar cell lines. | rat parotid salivary gland acinar cells were transfected by capo4 precipitation using a plasmid containing a replication-defective simian virus (sv40) genome. out of 30 clonal cell lines, 2 were shown to have moderate to high levels of cytodifferentiation and salivary gland acinar cell function. functional studies with the two cell lines indicated that the beta-adrenergic agonist (isoproterenol), vasoactive intestinal peptide prostaglandin e1, and forskolin were effective activators of intracell ... | 1998 | 9542637 |
| evaluation of the alleviative action of neurotropin for penile pain associated with intracavernous injection of prostaglandin e1 assessed using the visual analogue scale. | we examined whether penile pain associated with intracavernous injection of pge1 could be alleviated with a intracavernous injection of neurotropin, a non-protein, bioactive agent extracted from skin tissue with inflammation elicited by the vaccinia virus. twenty-three patients with erectile dysfunction were enrolled in this study. they were divided into two groups. the first group was allocated 20 micrograms of pge1 alone first, followed by pge1 plus 1.5 ml of neurotropin after two weeks. the s ... | 1998 | 9542683 |
| nucleic acid vaccines against hepatitis viruses. | direct dna intramuscular or intradermal injection of plasmids containing viral genes under the control of viral promoters is an efficient means of stimulating both class i and class ii-mediated antiviral responses. viral hepatitis b and c are suitable candidates for this approach, particularly as therapeutic immunogens for chronically infected individuals. several groups have shown that the s gene of hbv is expressed in murine muscle and stimulates a high titre and long-lasting anti-hbs response ... | 1998 | 9554270 |
| functional role of hepatitis c virus chimeric glycoproteins in the infectivity of pseudotyped virus. | the putative envelope glycoproteins of hepatitis c virus (hcv) likely play an important role in the initiation of viral infection. available information suggests that the genomic regions encoding the putative envelope glycoproteins, when expressed as recombinant proteins in mammalian cells, largely accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum. in this study, genomic regions which include the putative ectodomain of the e1 (amino acids 174 to 359) and e2 (amino acids 371 to 742) glycoproteins were appe ... | 1998 | 9557633 |
| involvement of endoplasmic reticulum chaperones in the folding of hepatitis c virus glycoproteins. | the hepatitis c virus (hcv) genome encodes two envelope glycoproteins (e1 and e2) which interact noncovalently to form a heterodimer (e1-e2). during the folding and assembly of hcv glycoproteins, a large portion of these proteins are trapped in aggregates, reducing the efficiency of native e1-e2 complex assembly. to better understand this phenomenon and to try to increase the efficiency of hcv glycoprotein folding, endoplasmic reticulum chaperones potentially interacting with these proteins were ... | 1998 | 9557669 |
| the transmembrane domains of sindbis virus envelope glycoproteins induce cell death. | sindbis virus, the prototype alphavirus, kills cells by inducing apoptosis. to investigate potential mechanisms by which sindbis virus induces apoptosis, we examined whether specific viral gene products were able to induce cell death. genes encoding the three structural proteins--capsid, the precursor e1 (6k plus e1), and the precursor e2 (p62 or e3 plus e2)--were cotransfected with a beta-galactosidase reporter plasmid in transient-transfection assays in rat prostate adenocarcinoma at3 cells. c ... | 1998 | 9557679 |
| fus-1, a ph shift mutant of semliki forest virus, acts by altering spike subunit interactions via a mutation in the e2 subunit. | semliki forest virus (sfv), an enveloped alphavirus, is a well-characterized paradigm for viruses that infect cells via endocytic uptake and low-ph-triggered fusion. the sfv spike protein is composed of a dimer of e1 and e2 transmembrane subunits, which dissociate upon exposure to low ph, liberating e2 and the fusogenic e1 subunit to undergo independent conformational changes. sfv fusion and infection are blocked by agents such as ammonium chloride, which act by raising the ph in the endosome an ... | 1998 | 9557718 |
| antibodies directed to envelope proteins of hepatitis c virus outside of hypervariable region 1. | the relatively high variability of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) envelope proteins e1 and e2 suggests that parts of these proteins other than the hypervariable region 1 (hvr1) might be involved in the induction of virus neutralizing antibodies. to test this hypothesis, two hcv proteins, pe1 and pe2 delta, were generated by in vitro translation. they represent amino acids 174-337 of e1 and 411-688 of e2, respectively, of isolate hcv-ad78; the protein pe2 delta contained no hvr1. as a control, prote ... | 1998 | 9568031 |
| analysis of the envelope region of hepatitis g virus isolated from korean patients. | the genetic diversity of hepatitis g virus (hgv) was investigated. by using a rt-pcr procedure, 14% of either hbv (hepatitis b virus)- or hcv (hepatitis c virus)-positive korean hepatitis patients were proved to be hgv positives. nucleotide sequences in the e1 region of the eight isolates from korean patients and the six previously reported isolates were compared. nucleotide substitutions spread uniformly throughout the e1 region. sequence homology among the korean isolates was 84-99% and 88-99% ... | 1998 | 9571642 |
| long-term evolution of the hypervariable region of hepatitis c virus in a common-source-infected cohort. | the long-term evolution of the hepatitis c virus hypervariable region (hvr) and flanking regions of the e1 and e2 envelope proteins have been studied in a cohort of women infected from a common source of anti-d immunoglobulin. whereas virus sequences in the infectious source were relatively homogeneous, distinct hvr variants were observed in each anti-d recipient, indicating that this region can evolve in multiple directions from the same point. where hvr variants with dissimilar sequences were ... | 1998 | 9573256 |
| isolation and characterization of human monoclonal antibodies against hepatitis c virus envelope glycoproteins. | the isolation and characterization of human monoclonal antibodies (humabs) against the hepatitis c virus (hcv) glycoproteins e1 and e2 are described. b-cells from blood donors with anti-hcv were transformed with epstein-barr virus. the supernatants of the resulting lymphoblastoid clones were screened by elisa with an extract of cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus rmpa95 expressing the envelope proteins e1 and e2 of an hcv genotype 1a virus (h strain). positive clones were fused to t ... | 1998 | 9580883 |
| molecular analysis of gb virus c isolates in belgian hemodialysis patients. | gb virus c (gbv-c) has been detected in belgian hemodialysis patients. to study their genomic diversity and phylogenetic relationship, a 592 nucleotide fragment extending from the 5' non-coding region to part of the e1 gene of the gbv-c genome was amplified and sequenced from 12 belgian hemodialysis patients in two different centers. together with strains from different geographical origins, these sequences were analyzed phylogenetically using three different methods. a consistent tree topology ... | 1998 | 9598931 |
| follow-up immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis a virus vaccine in healthy children: results after 5 years. | long-term persistence of hepatitis a virus (hav) serum antibody in vaccinated children has not been demonstrated in previous studies. to study the long-term immunogenicity to hav vaccine, three doses of strain hm 175 hav vaccine with 360 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay units were administered to 107 children, aged from 1.0 to 6.8 years, at 0, 1, and 6 months. the administration of one vaccine dose induced seropositivity (anti-hav titer > or = 20 miu ml-1) in 95% of all vaccinees at month 1. al ... | 1998 | 9607035 |
| cloning, expression and sequence analysis of the classical swine fever virus nucleocapsid protein. | the dna complementary to the 5'-terminal 1929 nucleotides of classical swine fever virus (csfv; alias hog cholera virus, hcv) lpc vaccine strain rna was cloned and sequenced. the sequence encompasses a 5'-noncoding region (ncr) of 264 nucleotides and an open reading frame (orf) of 1665 nucleotides. the cloned sequence contains genes of four viral proteins, p23, nucleocapsid (core) protein, e0 and part of e1 proteins. alignment of the 5'-terminal 1929 nucleotides of lpc strain with other strains ... | 1998 | 9608668 |
| cl387626 exhibits marked and unusual antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus in tissue culture and in cotton rats. | cl387626 (4,4'-bis[4,6-di[3-aminophenyl-n,n-bis(2-carbamoylethyl)-sulfon ilimino]-1,3,5-triazine-2-ylamino-bi-phenyl-2,2'-disulfonic acid, disodium salt), a compound synthesized by wyeth-ayerst research laboratories, was tested for its cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in tissue culture and in cotton rats. the median cell inhibitory (ic50) and median efficacious (ec50) concentrations of cl387626 against rsv in proliferating hep2 or vero tissue culture ... | 1998 | 9614002 |
| immunoisolation and characterization of a subdomain of the endoplasmic reticulum that concentrates proteins involved in copii vesicle biogenesis. | rubella virus e1 glycoprotein normally complexes with e2 in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) to form a heterodimer that is transported to and retained in the golgi complex. in a previous study, we showed that in the absence of e2, unassembled e1 subunits accumulate in a tubular pre-golgi compartment whose morphology and biochemical properties are distinct from both rough er and golgi. we hypothesized that this compartment corresponds to hypertrophied er exit sites that have expanded in response to ... | 1998 | 9614173 |
| blunting of immune responses to adenoviral vectors in mouse liver and lung with ctla4ig. | adenoviral vectors deleted of e1 are attractive vehicles for in vivo gene therapy because efficient gene transfer can be achieved. immune responses to the vector and vector-transduced cells lead to destruction of target cells, inflammation and difficulties with vector readministration. immune effectors have been identified as cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes, which destroy vector-transduced cells, as well as b cells which secrete neutralizing antibodies and block repeated gene transfer. the central ... | 1998 | 9614550 |
| p450arom gene expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes: identification of a cryptic splice site for exon-1 after epstein-barr virus transformation. | the human aromatase gene (p450arom) is widely expressed, albeit in a tissue-specific manner. in the present study, we measured aromatase activity and investigated the transcribed and translated products of the p450arom gene before and after epstein-barr virus (ebv) transformation in peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbls) from normal individuals. aromatase activity was determined by [3h]-delta4-androstenedione (a) to [3h]-estrone (e1) conversion. cellular total rna and protein lysates were subjected ... | 1998 | 9618025 |