Publications

in vitro analysis of roles of a disulfide bridge and a calcium binding site in activation of pseudomonas sp. strain kwi-56 lipase.	the expression of lipase from pseudomonas sp. strain kwi-56 (recently reclassified as burkholderia cepacia) had been found to be dependent on an activator gene (act) downstream of its structural gene (lip). in this work, the mature lipase was synthesized in an enzymatically active form with a cell-free escherichia coli s30 coupled transcription-translation system by expressing a recombinant lipase gene (rlip) encoding the mature lipase in the presence of its purified activator or by coexpression ...	2000	10629173
role of cytosine deaminase and beta-alanine-pyruvate transaminase in pyrimidine base catabolism by burkholderia cepacia.	a determination of the possible role of the salvage enzyme cytosine deaminase or beta-alanine-pyruvate transaminase in the catabolism of the pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine by the opportunistic pathogen burkholderia cepacia atcc 25416 was undertaken. it was of interest to learn whether these enzymes were influenced by cell growth on pyrimidine bases and their respective catabolic products to the same degree as the pyrimidine reductive catabolic enzymes were. it was found that cytosine deamin ...	2000	10696871
nebulised taurolidine and b cepacia bronchiectasis.		2000	10681263
identification and population structure of burkholderia stabilis sp. nov. (formerly burkholderia cepacia genomovar iv).	the burkholderia cepacia complex currently comprises five genomic species, i.e., b. cepacia genomovar i, b. multivorans (formerly known as b. cepacia genomovar ii), b. cepacia genomovar iii, b. cepacia genomovar iv, and b. vietnamiensis (also known as b. cepacia genomovar v). in the absence of straightforward diagnostic tests for the identification of b. cepacia genomovars i, iii, and iv, the last two genomic species were not formally classified as novel burkholderia species (genomovar i contain ...	2000	10698993
production of n-acyl-l-homoserine lactones by p. aeruginosa isolates from chronic lung infections associated with cystic fibrosis.	the n-acyl-l-homoserine lactones (ahls) produced by sequential pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from chronically infected patients with cystic fibrosis were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. it is demonstrated that both the amounts and the types of molecules synthesized by isolates from patients who were monitored over periods of up to 11 years do not change significantly during chronic colonization. however, in the case of a patient who became co-infected with an ahl-producing burkholderia ...	2000	10713433
survival and growth of burkholderia cepacia within the free-living amoeba acanthamoeba polyphaga.	the aim of this study was to investigate whether burkholderia cepacia is capable of survival and growth within the free-living amoeba acanthamoeba polyphaga using a differential immunofluorescence assay of bacterial-amoebal cocultures and viable counts of bacteria determined after amoebal lysis. the numbers of intra-amoebal bacteria and the numbers of infected amoebae increased over time; although, when heat-killed bacteria were used, no intracellular bacteria were observed. these findings shoul ...	2000	10746499
molecular typing and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis of burkholderia cepacia isolates from a portuguese cystic fibrosis center.	this work describes the first epidemiological survey of burkholderia cepacia involved in pulmonary infections among the portuguese population with cystic fibrosis (cf) who attended the major cf treatment center in lisbon at sta. maria hospital from 1995 to the end of 1997. the characterization of the genomic relatedness of the isolates was based on the analysis of their ribopatterns (with ecori) followed by construction of a ribotype-based phylogenetic tree. this study was complemented with macr ...	2000	10747161
evaluation of a new commercially available immunoglobulin m and immunoglobulin g immunochromatographic test for diagnosis of melioidosis infection.	an immunochromatographic test for the rapid determination of immunoglobulin m (igm) and igg antibodies to burkholderia pseudomallei was evaluated by using sera from bacteriologically confirmed melioidosis patients and high-risk and clinically suspected patients, along with disease control groups. the sensitivities were 100 and 93% for the igg and igm tests, respectively, while the specificity was 95% for both assays. the test was rapid and simple to perform, with results obtained in 10 min.	2000	10747166
in vitro antibacterial spectrum of a new broad-spectrum 8-methoxy fluoroquinolone, gatifloxacin.	the in vitro antibacterial spectrum of gatifloxacin was compared with those of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. gatifloxacin was two- to four-fold more potent than comparator quinolones against staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci and enterococci (gatifloxacin mic90s, < or =1 mg/l, except 4 mg/l against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecium). gatifloxacin was two-fold less potent than ciprofloxacin, and the same as or two-fold more potent than ofloxacin against ent ...	2000	10747819
the epidemiology of melioidosis in australia and papua new guinea.	melioidosis was first described in australia in an outbreak in sheep in 1949 in north queensland (22 degrees s). human melioidosis was first described from townsville (19 degrees s) in 1950. melioidosis is hyperendemic in the top end of the northern territory (nt) and as in parts of northeastern thailand it is the commonest cause of fatal community-acquired septicemic pneumonia. in the 9 years since 1989 the prospective nt melioidosis study at royal darwin hospital (12 degrees s) has documented ...	2000	10674639
enzymatic desymmetrization of a meso polyol corresponding to the c(19)-c(27) segment of rifamycin s.	the stereoselective acylation of meso polyol 2 by vinyl acetate (solvent and acyl donor) in the presence of porcine pancreas lipase gave the corresponding monoester 5 in good yield (76%) and high enantiomeric purity (ee > 98%). the enzymatic reaction was also highly regioselective for a primary alcohol end group, and the two unprotected secondary alcohols were not involved. compound 5 corresponds to the c(19)-c(27) fragment of rifamycin s.	2000	10750492
in vitro activity of minocycline against respiratory pathogens from patients with cystic fibrosis.	our objective was to determine the in vitro activity of minocycline against isolates of burkholderia cepacia (bc), stenotrophomonas maltophilia (sm), and pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa) cultured from the respiratory tract of patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). cultures of bc, sm, and pa were isolated in a hospital bacteriology laboratory from the sputum or oropharyngeal cultures obtained from patients attending a cystic fibrosis center, and were prospectively tested for in vitro sensitivity to minoc ...	2000	10686042
recent advances in the treatment of severe melioidosis.	for the last decade, high-dose intravenous ceftazidime has been the drug of choice for the treatment of severe melioidosis, after ceftazidime was shown to be superior to the 'conventional' four-drug regimen (chloramphenicol, doxycycline and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole) in a randomised trial. combination ceftazidime-trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole was compared with the conventional regimen in a separate trial with similar results, but we still do not know whether such combination therapy is nee ...	2000	10674641
burkholderia pseudomallei infections.		2000	10619778
novel regioselective hydroxylations of pyridine carboxylic acids at position c2 and pyrazine carboxylic acids at position c3.	we have previously described the isolation of the new bacterial species, ralstonia/burkholderia sp. strain dsm 6920, which grows with 6-methylnicotinate and regioselectively hydroxylates this substrate in the c2 position by the action of 6-methylnicotinate-2-oxidoreductase to yield 2-hydroxy-6-methylnicotinate (tinschert et al. 1997). in the present study we show that this enzymatic activity can be used for the preparation of a series of hydroxylated heterocyclic carboxylic acid derivatives. the ...	2000	10709981
response of soybean rhizosphere communities to human hygiene water addition as determined by community level physiological profiling (clpp) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (trflp) analysis.	in this report, we describe an experiment conducted at kennedy space center in the biomass production chamber (bpc) using soybean plants for purification and processing of human hygiene water. specifically, we tested whether it was possible to detect changes in the root-associated bacterial assemblage of the plants and ultimately to identify the specific microorganism(s) which differed when plants were exposed to hygiene water and other hydroponic media. plants were grown in hydroponics media co ...	2000	10689173
procedurally similar competitive immunoassay systems for the serodiagnosis of babesia equi, babesia caballi, trypanosoma equiperdum, and burkholderia mallei infection in horses.	procedurally similar competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay (celisa) methods were developed for the serodiagnosis of babesia equi and babesia caballi (piroplasmosis), trypanosoma equiperdum (dourine), and burkholderia mallei (glanders) infections in horses. apparent test specificities for the b. equi, b. caballi, t. equiperdum, and b. mallei celisas were 99.2%, 99.5%, 98.9%, and 98.9%, respectively. concordances and kappa values between the complement fixation (cf) and the celisa procedures for t ...	2000	10690775
the dsba-dsbb disulfide bond formation system of burkholderia cepacia is involved in the production of protease and alkaline phosphatase, motility, metal resistance, and multi-drug resistance.	in a previous study, we isolated a dsbb mutant of burkholderia cepacia kf1 and showed that phenotypes of protease production and motility are dependent on dsbb, a membrane-bound disulfide bond oxidoreductase. we have now isolated a dsba mutant by transposon mutagenesis, cloned the dsba gene encoding a periplasmic disulfide bond oxidoreductase, and characterized the function of the dsba-dsbb disulfide bond formation system in b. cepacia. the complementing dna fragment had an open reading frame fo ...	2000	10711598
multiple replicons constitute the 6.5-megabase genome of burkholderia pseudomallei.	burkholderia pseudomallei is a causative agent of melioidosis, a fatal tropical infectious disease endemic in southeast asia and northern australia. in order to determine the size and characteristics of the bacterial genome, the b. pseudomallei genome and genes were analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis of the undigested, intact megabase dna, and by computational analysis of nucleotide sequences of b. pseudomallei genes which have been sequenced by several investigators and already deposi ...	2000	10674646
molecular phylogeny of burkholderia pseudomallei.	in terms of population structure, the species burkholderia pseudomallei contains both clonal and non-clonal elements. by indexing variation in rrna loci using the restriction endonuclease bamhi, we found that two ribotypes (types 1 and 3) are predominant in nature. ribotype 3 is prevalent in asian countries while ribotype 1 is more widespread. some disease association was suggested for 4 ribotypes and strains of ribotype 4 were markedly associated with a fatal outcome. dna macrorestriction (xbai ...	2000	10674647
genome fingerprinting by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei from patients with melioidosis in thailand.	a total of 95 isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei from 53 sporadic cases in thailand were examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. digestion of genomic dna of all isolates by ncoi generated a macrorestriction pattern similar to that of b. pseudomallei which cannot assimilate l-arabinose. analysis using restriction enzymes spei and avrii demonstrated greater sensitivity than ncoi digestion in the differentiation of b. pseudomallei and could be used for epidemiological groupings. four clust ...	2000	10674648
differential antibiotic-induced endotoxin release in severe melioidosis.	severe melioidosis is a life-threatening, systemic bacterial infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. a prospective, randomized treatment trial was conducted in northeast thailand to compare ceftazidime (a penicillin-binding protein [pbp]-3-specific agent that causes release of large amounts of endotoxin in vitro) and imipenem (a pbp-2-specific agent that kills b. pseudomallei more rapidly but releases low amounts of endotoxin) in severe melioidosis over a 6-h time course after the first d ...	2000	10720525
cable-piliated burkholderia cepacia binds to cytokeratin 13 of epithelial cells.	although the burkholderia cepacia complex consists of several genomovars, one highly transmissible strain of b. cepacia has been isolated from the sputa of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients throughout the united kingdom and canada. this strain expresses surface cable (cbl) pili and is thought to be the major strain associated with the fatal "cepacia syndrome." in the present report we characterize the specific 55-kda buccal epithelial cell (bec) protein that binds cable pilus-positive b. cepacia. n- ...	2000	10722565
use of multiplex pcr patterns as genetic markers for burkholderia pseudomallei.	a simple pcr-based typing method was developed to differentiate between strains of burkholderia pseudomallei. two pairs of primers, based on sequences from two specific dna probes, were used to amplify the bacterial dna by multiplex pcr. we evaluated the pcr method for epidemiological typing of b. pseudomallei and compared this with restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) methods. in rflp, the dna of b. pseudomallei was digested with hindiii an ...	2000	10674649
pathogenesis of and immunity to melioidosis.	while burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is becoming increasingly recognized as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in regions to which it is endemic, no licensed vaccine preparation currently exists for immunization against the disease. therefore, one of the primary goals of our research has been to identify and characterize antigens expressed by b. pseudomallei isolates for the intended purpose of developing a vaccine construct that can be used to activel ...	2000	10674650
exopolysaccharides of burkholderia pseudomallei.		2000	10674651
use of oligotrophic bacteria for the biological monitoring of heavy metals.	oligotrophic bacteria exhibited active growth even in nutritionally deficient medium made with nutrient broth that had been diluted with distilled water, 1 : 10 000. the oligotrophic bacteria, sphingomonas paucimobilis kps01 and burkholderia cepacia kpc01 and kpc02 were found to be highly susceptible to heavy metals and to be potentially useful as sensors for the assessment of toxicity. the susceptibility of the bacteria to metals was measured by incubating the bacteria with metals of varying co ...	2000	10735254
neck lumps: expect the unexpected.		2000	10744094
endobronchial mass in a patient with burkholderia pseudomallei infection.	burkholderia pseudomallei infection, the great mimicker of infectious diseases, has protean clinical manifestations.	2000	10748977
protease production by burkholderia pseudomallei and virulence in mice.	the aim of this study was to assess protease production and virulence of various burkholderia pseudomallei strains. protease activity was evaluated in filtrates from cultures grown for 50 h in tsb dialysate by azocasein hydrolysis, and expressed as absorbancy at 405 nm. virulence was assessed in 8 weeks old swiss mice, by intraperitoneal injection of 6-6 x 10(5) cfu, and the ld50 was calculated after 30 days by the method of reed and muench. the lethal activity was studied for five strains of b. ...	2000	10674652
shedding of lipopolysaccharide and 200-kda surface antigen during the in vitro growth of virulent ara- and avirulent ara+ burkholderia pseudomallei.	non-virulent ara+ b. pseudomallei environmental isolates differ from virulent ara- clinical isolates by their ability to assimilate l-arabinose and the absence of a 200 kda antigen on their surface. the latter, present only on the ara- isolates from either clinical or environmental origin, was recently demonstrated by its immunoreactivity with monoclonal antibody (mab) 5f8. we recently demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (lps) from both biotypes were indistinguishable from one another with rega ...	2000	10674653
multiple chromosomes in burkholderia cepacia and b. gladioli and their distribution in clinical and environmental strains of b. cepacia.	burkholderia cepacia is found in soils and waters, it can be used in biocontrol and bioremediation but is also a human pathogen. it is not yet clear what differentiates pathogenic from non-pathogenic strains of the organism. in this study the multiple replicon structure was investigated in 28 strains of b. cepacia by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. all strains examined, whether of clinical, environmental or plant pathogenic origin, were found to have two, three or four large (> 500 kbp) replic ...	2000	10792553
involvement of two plasmids in fenitrothion degradation by burkholderia sp. strain nf100.	a bacterium capable of utilizing fenitrothion (o,o-dimethyl o-4-nitro-m-tolyl phosphorothioate) as a sole carbon source was isolated from fenitrothion-treated soil. this bacterium was characterized taxonomically as being a member of the genus burkholderia and was designated strain nf100. nf100 first hydrolyzed an organophosphate bond of fenitrothion, forming 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol, which was further metabolized to methylhydroquinone. the ability to degrade fenitrothion was found to be encoded on ...	2000	10742273
specific and rapid detection by fluorescent in situ hybridization of bacteria in clinical samples obtained from cystic fibrosis patients.	we report on the rapid and specific detection of bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens from cystic fibrosis (cf) patients by fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish). on the basis of comparative sequence analysis, we designed oligonucleotide probes complementary to species-specific 16s rrna regions of these microorganisms and demonstrated the specificities of the probes by hybridization of different remotely related as well as closely related reference strains. furthermore, in a pil ...	2000	10655391
prognostic value of cytokine concentrations (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10) and clinical parameters in severe melioidosis.	raised serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, interleukin (il)-1beta, il-6, or il-10 are associated with mortality in patients with sepsis, but it is not known whether elevated cytokine levels are independently predictive of mortality. cytokine assays (tnf-alpha, il-6, and il-10) were performed on admission plasma samples from 172 adult thai patients with severe melioidosis. mortality was 31.4%. apache ii score; septicemia; plasma lactate; tnf-alpha, il-6, and il-10 concentra ...	2000	10669346
characterization and role of tbux in utilization of toluene by ralstonia pickettii pko1.	the tbu regulon of ralstonia pickettii pko1 encodes enzymes involved in the catabolism of toluene, benzene, and related alkylaromatic hydrocarbons. the first operon in this regulon contains genes that encode the tbu pathway's initial catabolic enzyme, toluene-3-monooxygenase, as well as tbut, the ntrc-like transcriptional activator for the entire regulon. it has been previously shown that the organization of tbut, which is located immediately downstream of tbua1ubva2c, and the associated promote ...	2000	10671442
antimicrobial resistance in burkholderia pseudomallei.	four strains of burkholderia pseudomallei were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic), minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) and time-kill curves with 13 single antimicrobial agents: ceftazidime, piperacillin, imipenem, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, doxycycline, cotrimoxazole, kanamycin, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, trovafloxacin, clarithromycin, azithromycin and meropenem. the time-kill studies were also performed with 33 pairs of combinations of the above antimicrobial ag ...	2000	10674642
[various genetic and molecular and biologic aspects of the melioidosis causative organism].		2000	10702990
neurological melioidosis.	neurological abnormalities have long been recognised in animals with melioidosis, including laboratory rodents and sheep in the first australian outbreak in 1949. autopsies in animals have shown microabscesses and lymphocytic infiltration to be present on occasion in the same animal, but burkholderia pseudomallei is usually able to be grown from central nervous system (cns) tissue. in humans cns melioidosis is unusual, but both macroscopic brain abscesses and encephalitis occur. there has been a ...	2000	10674643
propionic acid metabolism and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (p3hb-co-3hv) production by burkholderia sp.	mutants of burkholderia sp. that are unable to grow on propionic acid (prp) but still accumulate p3hb-co-3hv from carbohydrate and propionic acid were studied. in shaken flask tests, yields of 3hv from propionic acid (y(3hv/prop)) increased from 0.10 g g(-1) in the wild type to c.a. 0.35 g g(-1) in mutants affected in alpha-oxidation pathway or to 0.80 g g(-1) in mutants not affected in that pathway. in bioreactor tests, mutant ipt 189 showed y(3hv/prop) = 1.20 g g(-1), a yield very close to the ...	2000	10656331
animal melioidosis in australia.	melioidosis was first diagnosed in australia in sheep in 1949. while it has been considered endemic in tropical australia, there have been animal outbreaks in southwest western australia and southern queensland. infection occurs in many species, with both latency and a wide range of clinical manifestations. some species may develop melioidosis only if immunocompromised. sheep and goats are particularly susceptible, resulting in the requirement for pasteurisation of tropical commercial goat's mil ...	2000	10674644
melioidosis presenting as urinary tract infection in a previously healthy tourist.	melioidosis is a tropical disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, which is common in southeast asia and australia, but which is rarely diagnosed in scandinavia. an increasing number of cases are being reported among tourists to infected areas. we report the first finnish case of melioidosis, which presented as urinary tract infection in a previously healthy male tourist.	2000	10716086
ecology of burkholderia pseudomallei and the interactions between environmental burkholderia spp. and human-animal hosts.	early workers thought that melioidosis was a zoonosis with a reservoir in rodents, but we now know that burkholderia pseudomallei is a widely distributed environmental saprophyte. in northeast thailand, two thirds of paddy fields yield the organism, and 80% of children have antibodies by the time they are 4 years old. however, interpretation of these results has been complicated by the recent recognition of avirulent, antigenically cross-reacting environmental organisms for which the name b. tha ...	2000	10674645
interaction between burkholderia pseudomallei and acanthamoeba species results in coiling phagocytosis, endamebic bacterial survival, and escape.	burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a potentially fatal disease whose clinical outcomes include rapid-onset septicemia and relapsing and delayed-onset infections. like other facultative intracellular bacterial pathogens, b. pseudomallei is capable of survival in human phagocytic cells, but unlike mycobacteria, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella serovar typhimurium, the species has not been reported to survive as an endosymbiont in free-living amebae. we investigated the consequence ...	2000	10678988
cytokine gene expression in innately susceptible balb/c mice and relatively resistant c57bl/6 mice during infection with virulent burkholderia pseudomallei.	production of cytokines including gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) is an important early-stage host response following infection with intracellular pathogens. development of immunity to these pathogens is determined to a large extent by the timing and relative level of expression of the cytokines. numerous studies have shown that early cytokine responses involving interleukin-12 (il-12) and ifn-gamma are important for resistance to intracellular pathogens, ...	2000	10722599
xanthine oxidase contributes to host defense against burkholderia cepacia in the p47(phox-/-) mouse model of chronic granulomatous disease.	chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) is an inherited disorder of the nadph oxidase in which phagocytes are defective in generating superoxide and downstream microbicidal reactive oxidants, leading to recurrent life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections. xanthine oxidase (xo) is another enzyme known to produce superoxide in many tissues. using the p47(phox-/-) mouse model of cgd, we evaluated the residual antibacterial activity of xo. clearance of burkholderia cepacia, a major pathogen in cg ...	2000	10722648
identification of new transposable genetic elements in burkholderia pseudomallei using subtractive hybridisation.	a subtraction library of burkholderia pseudomallei was constructed by subtractive hybridisation of b. pseudomallei genomic dna with burkholderia thailandensis genomic dna. two clones were found to have significant sequence similarity to insertion sequences which have previously not been found in b. pseudomallei (designated isa and isb); and two clones showed sequence similarity to different regions of burkholderia cepacia is407 that has recently been detected in b. pseudomallei. the former, thou ...	2000	10650205
proinflammatory cytokine mrna responses in experimental burkholderia pseudomallei infection in mice.	melioidosis is a potentially fatal disease of both human and animals caused by the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. disease is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of southeast asia and northern australia. the pathogenesis of melioidosis is poorly understood. in particular, the host responses that occur following infection, and the specific host-pathogen interactions that result in the development of either acute or chronic infection are unclear. using an established murine model, we ...	2000	10674654
recent developments in laboratory diagnosis of melioidosis.		2000	10674655
comparison of three pcr primer sets for diagnosis of septicemic melioidosis.	several sets of pcr primers have recently been developed for detection of burkholderia pseudomallei. in this report, the performance of 16s rrna gene primers (16s), rrna spacer gene primers (spacer), and 'lps' primers (lps) were compared. all primer sets were tested by pcr amplification of the same dna samples extracted from blood specimens of 46 patients from northeastern thailand, of which 29 had melioidosis based on blood culture as a gold standard. the sensitivities were 41, 35.7, and 31% wh ...	2000	10674656
bacterial triterpenoids of the hopane series as biomarkers for the chemotaxonomy of burkholderia, pseudomonas and ralstonia spp.	hopanoid fingerprints allowed to differentiate bacteria formerly connected to the genus pseudomonas. whereas all strains related to pseudomonas and ralstonia were devoid of any detectable hopanoid, these pentacyclic triterpenoids were found in the burkholderia species and in related soil isolates, which contained as main hopanoid a bacteriohopanetetrol carbapseudopentose ether, accompanied by significant amounts of its novel delta(6) unsaturated homologue. unsaturated hopanoids represent an extr ...	2000	10675600
diagnostically and experimentally useful panel of strains from the burkholderia cepacia complex.	two new species, burkholderia multivorans and burkholderia vietnamiensis, and three genomovars (genomovars i, iii, and iv) currently constitute the burkholderia cepacia complex. a panel of 30 well-characterized strains representative of each genomovar and new species was assembled to assist with identification, epidemiological analysis, and virulence studies on this important group of opportunistic pathogens.	2000	10655415
natural transformation of acinetobacter sp. strain bd413 with cell lysates of acinetobacter sp., pseudomonas fluorescens, and burkholderia cepacia in soil microcosms.	to elucidate the biological significance of dead bacterial cells in soil to the intra- and interspecies transfer of gene fragments by natural transformation, we have exposed the kanamycin-sensitive recipient acinetobacter sp. strain bd413(pfg4) to lysates of the kanamycin-resistant donor bacteria acinetobacter spp., pseudomonas fluorescens, and burkholderia cepacia. detection of gene transfer was facilitated by the recombinational repair of a partially (317 bp) deleted kanamycin resistance gene ...	2000	10618225
effect of inoculation of a tol plasmid containing mycorrhizosphere bacterium on development of scots pine seedlings, their mycorrhizosphere and the microbial flora in m-toluate-amended soil.	the purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of introduced bacteria containing a contaminant degrading plasmid on the growth and survival of pine seedlings and mycorrhizosphere microbial flora in contaminated soil. the pseudomonas fluorescens strain os81, originally isolated from fungal hyphae in contaminated soil, was supplied with the tol plasmid pww0::km (to generate os81(pww0::km)) and inoculated in humus-soil microcosms with and without pine seedlings mycorrhized with suillus bov ...	2000	10640666
application of solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to characterize intermediates in a joint solar-microbial process for total mineralization of aroclor 1254.	a combined solid-phase microextraction-gc-ms analytical technique was used to monitor the formation of metabolites in the biodegradation of biphenyl, which were originally obtained from the solar photodechlorination of aroclor 1254 by pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707 and burkholderia sp lb400. in both cases, the following metabolites were detected: 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-oh-bp), 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl (2,3-di-oh-bp), and benzoic acid, which was detected as its benzoate derivative 1-methylethylbe ...	2000	10757284
synthesis of regioselectively protected forms of cytidine based on enzyme-catalyzed deacetylation as the key step.	n4-acetylcytidine (77%) and 2',3'-o, n4-triacetylcytidine (95%) were obtained from the hydrolysis of a common precursor, the peracetylated form of cytidine with aspergillus niger lipase (amano a) and burkholderia cepacia esterase (sc esterase s), respectively, under very mild conditions. the experimental procedure for the conversion of triacetylcytidine to a corresponding phosphoramidite (82%), an intermediate for sugar nucleotide synthesis, is also elaborated.	2000	10737194
a de novo synthesis of 2,6-dideoxy-c-aryl glycosides based on ring closing metathesis and diastereoselective epoxide cleavage/anomerization reactions.	[formula: see text] this paper describes a synthesis of enantiomerically pure 2,6-dideoxy-c-aryl glycosides, starting from non-carbohydrate precursors. the synthesis starts from homoallylic alcohols (obtained in enantiomerically pure form by enzymatic resolution), which are elaborated to dihydropyrans using ring closing metathesis as the key step. epoxidation and epoxide cleavage complete the synthesis. the stereochemical outcome of the sequence depends on the conditions of the epoxide cleavage ...	2000	10754682
histopathologic features of burkholderia cepacia pneumonia in patients without cystic fibrosis.	we present the histopathologic features of fatal burkholderia cepacia pneumonia in three adults (one man [age 44 years] and two women [aged 40 and 43 years]). in all patients, the pulmonary infiltrates initially were localized (right middle lobe, left upper lobe, and right middle lobe) but rapidly progressed. two open-lung biopsies and one pneumonectomy specimen showed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation merging with areas of more conventional necrotizing bronchopneumonia in one patient, a me ...	2000	10786801
quantification of phnac and nahac in contaminated new zealand soils by competitive pcr.	unculturable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah)-degrading bacteria are a significant reservoir of the microbial potential to catabolize low-molecular-weight pahs. the population of these bacteria is larger than the population of nah-like bacteria that are the dominant organisms in culture-based studies. we used the recently described phn genes of burkholderia sp. strain rp007, which feature only rarely in culture-based studies, as an alternative genotype for naphthalene and phenanthrene degra ...	2000	10788344
optical resolution of (+/-)-1-aryl-1-alkanols using enantioselective transesterification by lipases.	enantioselective transesterification of 1-phenyl-1-alkanols (phch(oh)(ch2)n-2ch3; n = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 18) with vinyl acetate catalyzed by lipases in benzene has been studied to find the catalyst which is generally used for preparing optically active 1-phenyl-1-alkanols having various alkyl chains. amongst lipases examined (lipases lip, ps, ak, cal and rml), the lipase from pseudomonas aeruginosa (lip) is the best catalyst which shows high reactivity and enantioselectivity and low substrate ...	2000	10763870
acidovorax anthurii sp. nov., a new phytopathogenic bacterium which causes bacterial leaf-spot of anthurium.	the bacterial leaf-spot of anthurium emerged during the 1980s, in the french west indies and trinidad. this new bacterial disease is presently wide spread and constitutes a serious limiting factor for commercial anthurium production. twenty-nine strains isolated from leaf-spots of naturally infected anthurium were characterized and compared with reference strains belonging to the comamonadaceae family, the genera ralstonia and burkholderia, and representative fluorescent pseudomonads. from artif ...	2000	10826809
isolation of a gene from burkholderia cepacia is-16 encoding a protein that facilitates phosphatase activity.	a genomic library from burkholderia cepacia is-16 was constructed in escherichia coli by partial sau3ai digestion of the chromosomal dna, with the plasmid vector bluescript sk. this library was screened for clones able to grow as green stained colonies on selective medium developed for detecting phosphatase-positive colonies. three green-stained clones (pfs1, pfs2, and pfs3) carried recombinant plasmids harboring dna inserts of 5.0, 8.0, and 0.9 kb, respectively. dna hybridization experiments de ...	2000	10827277
multiple combination bactericidal antibiotic testing for patients with cystic fibrosis infected with burkholderia cepacia.	most burkholderia cepacia strains are resistant to many, or all, of the antibacterial agents commonly used in cystic fibrosis (cf), and selection of appropriate antibiotics for treatment of pulmonary exacerbations is therefore difficult. we developed a technique for rapid in vitro testing of multiple antibiotic combinations for b. cepacia isolates. for each of 119 multi-drug-resistant isolates of b. cepacia, our multiple combination bactericidal test (mcbt) studied the bactericidal activity of 1 ...	2000	10764313
interaction of insulin with burkholderia pseudomallei may be caused by a preservative.	to re-examine the previously reported in vitro interaction of insulin with burkholderia pseudomallei, in the light of a suggestion that the interaction may have resulted from the presence of the preservative m-cresol in commercial preparations.	2000	10767836
aerobic degradation of dinitrotoluenes and pathway for bacterial degradation of 2,6-dinitrotoluene.	an oxidative pathway for the mineralization of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2, 4-dnt) by burkholderia sp. strain dnt has been reported previously. we report here the isolation of additional strains with the ability to mineralize 2,4-dnt by the same pathway and the isolation and characterization of bacterial strains that mineralize 2, 6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-dnt) by a different pathway. burkholderia cepacia strain js850 and hydrogenophaga palleronii strain js863 grew on 2,6-dnt as the sole source of carbon ...	2000	10788393
bacteraemia caused by non-glucose-fermenting gram-negative bacilli and aeromonas species in patients with haematological malignancies and solid tumours.	the clinical characteristics and outcome of bacteraemia caused by non-glucose-fermenting gram-negative bacilli and aeromonas spp. were examined in 115 adults with haematological malignancies or solid tumours. the most aggressive pathogens were pseudomonas aeruginosa, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, aeromonas spp., acinetobacter spp. and burkholderia cepacia, all of which caused either septic syndrome or pneumonia in more than 40% of cases. pseudomonas aeruginosa was involved less often in catheter ...	2000	10834826
comparative evaluation of the in vitro activity of three combinations of beta-lactams with beta-lactamase inhibitors: piperacillin/tazobactam, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid and ampicillin/sulbactam.	recently, two new combinations of beta-lactam antibiotics with beta-lactamase inhibitors became commercially available in brazil: piperacillin/tazobactam and ampicillin/sulbactam. this study was designed to assess and compare the in-vitro activity of these new compounds, as well as that of ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, against bacteria isolated in our environment. a total of 749 bacteria isolated at são paulo hospital were tested using the disk diffusion method, in compliance with nccls standardi ...	2000	10788842
distinguishing species of the burkholderia cepacia complex and burkholderia gladioli by automated ribotyping.	several species belonging to the genus burkholderia are clinically relevant, opportunistic pathogens that inhabit major environmental reservoirs. consequently, the availability of means for adequate identification and epidemiological characterization of individual environmental or clinical isolates is mandatory. in the present communication we describe the use of the riboprinter microbial characterization system (qualicon, warwick, united kingdom) for automated ribotyping of 104 strains of burkh ...	2000	10790116
a review on melioidosis with special respect on molecular and immunological diagnostic techniques.	melioidosis is an 'emerging' tropical disease which causes diagnostic problems in endemic and especially in nonendemic areas e.g. germany when imported. in the last decade, many efforts have been made to develop new molecular and immunological techniques for diagnostic use. however, an actual comprehensive review does not exist. apart from classical microbiological procedures (microscopy, culture and biochemical identification) efforts have been made to identify burkholderia pseudomallei using s ...	2000	10791119
burkholderia kururiensis sp. nov., a trichloroethylene (tce)-degrading bacterium isolated from an aquifer polluted with tce.	a trichloroethylene (tce)-degrading bacterium was isolated from an aquifer sample collected at a tce-polluted site in japan by enriching with phenol as sole carbon source. the isolate, designated strain kp23t, was a gram-negative, oval-shaped micro-organism. a phylogenetic study based on 16s rrna gene sequences indicated that strain kp23t should be placed in the genus burkholderia. cellular fatty acids of the strain were mainly composed of c16:0, cyclopropanic acid c17:0 and cyclopropanic acid c ...	2000	10758884
melioidosis as an emerging global problem.	there is remarkably little known about the incidence of melioidosis outside a few countries (thailand, australia, singapore and malaysia). presumably it is widespread in tropical south east asia. elsewhere there are tantalising glimpses of the tip of what may be a large iceberg. since a specific diagnosis of melioidosis requires awareness on the part of clinicians, and the existence of a laboratory capable of isolating and identifying burkholderia pseudomallei, a luxury not available in most rur ...	2000	10674638
exopolysaccharide production by mucoid and non-mucoid strains of burkholderia cepacia.	thirteen strains of burkholderia cepacia from various origins with mucoid and non-mucoid phenotypes were assayed for exopolysaccharide (eps) production. the eps were characterized by glycosyl composition analysis and examination of the products resulting from lithium-ethylenediamine and smith degradations. the results showed that all strains, including the non-mucoid strains, were able to produce eps exhibiting the same structural features, i.e. presence of one rhamnosyl, three galactosyl, one m ...	2000	10754255
preferential occurrence of diazotrophic endophytes, azoarcus spp., in wild rice species and land races of oryza sativa in comparison with modern races.	several diazotrophic species of azoarcus spp. occur as endophytes in the pioneer plant kallar grass. the purpose of this study was to screen asian wild rice and cultivated oryza sativa varieties for natural association with these endophytes. populations of culturable diazotrophs in surface-sterilized roots were characterized by 16s rdna sequence analysis, and azoarcus species were identified by genomic fingerprints. a. indigens and azoarcus sp. group c were detected only rarely, whereas azoarcus ...	2000	11220300
mouse model of sublethal and lethal intraperitoneal glanders (burkholderia mallei).	sixty male balb/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with either a sublethal or a lethal dose of burkholderia mallei china 7 strain, then killed at multiple time points postinoculation. histopathologic changes were qualitatively similar in both groups and consisted of pyogranulomatous inflammation. in sublethal study mice, changes were first seen at 6 hours in mediastinal lymph nodes, then in spleen, liver, peripheral lymph nodes, and bone marrow at day 3. these changes generally reached max ...	2000	11105952
kinetic studies of the production of nitric oxide (no) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) in macrophages stimulated with burkholderia pseudomallei endotoxin.	the mechanism by which burkholderia pseudomallei survives in macrophages is not clearly understood. in this study, we demonstrated that the mouse macrophage cell line (raw 264.7) treated with lipopolysaccharide (lps) from b. pseudomallei (bp-lps) produced significantly less no and tnf-alpha compared with those stimulated with the lps from escherichia coli and salmonella typhi. the time required for the bp-lps to trigger substantial no and tnf-alpha release was at least 30 min, compared with < 5 ...	2000	11122236
different portions of the maize root system host burkholderia cepacia populations with different degrees of genetic polymorphism.	in order to acquire a better understanding of the spatial and temporal variations of genetic diversity of burkholderia cepacia populations in the rhizosphere of zea mays, 161 strains were isolated from three portions of the maize root system at different soil depths and at three distinct plant growth stages. the genetic diversity among b. cepacia isolates was analysed by means of the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique. a number of diversity indices (richness, shannon diversity, ev ...	2000	11243257
antigenic heterogeneity of lipopolysaccharide among burkholderia pseudomallei clinical isolates.	burkholderia pseudomallei (bp) causes melioidosis, a potentially fatal human infection in the tropics. clinical isolates from different geographical locations have similar morphological and biochemical characteristics. although bp has been reported to possess 2 types of lipopolysaccharide (lps) differing in the chemical structure of their o-polysaccharide (o-ps) component, earlier report demonstrated that the clinical strains exhibited identical lps moieties. recently, we reported antigenic simi ...	2000	11414445
role of commensal relationships on the spatial structure of a surface-attached microbial consortium.	a flow cell-grown model consortium consisting of two organisms, burkholderia sp. lb400 and pseudomonas sp. b13(fr1), was studied. these bacteria have the potential to interact metabolically because pseudomonas sp. b13(fr1) can metabolize chlorobenzoate produced by burkholderia sp. lb400 when grown on chlorobiphenyl. the expected metabolic interactions in the consortium were demonstrated by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) analysis. the spatial structure of the consortium was studied ...	2000	11243263
comparison of the polymerase chain reaction and serologic tests for diagnosis of septicemic melioidosis.	for diagnosis of melioidosis, we compared polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based dna detection and three serologic methods with the culture method currently used as gold standard. the diagnostic values of the serologic methods were evaluated in 130 patients. all these patients resided in an endemic area. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) gave slightly higher specificity (86.2%) than a dot immunoassay (dot) (85.3%), but was superior to an indirect hemagglutination assay (iha) (79.8%). t ...	2000	11388506
melioidosis research in china.	research on melioidosis and its pathogen has been ongoing in china for more than two decades. it has been demonstrated that the natural foci are located predominantly in hainan, guangdong and guangxi province, where there is a good correlation between soil isolation and the serum prevalence of antibodies to burkholderia pseudomallei. the cases of melioidosis reported up to now are concentrated in the hainan and zhanjiang peninsula. investigations on serotype, virulence, ecology, antibiotic susce ...	2000	11080506
characterization of burkholderia pseudomallei isolated in thailand and malaysia.	a total of 35 burkholderia pseudomallei isolates from thailand (16 clinical and eight soil isolates) and malaysia (seven animal, two isolate each from clinical and soil) were investigated by their antimicrobial resistance, plasmid profiles and were typed by randomly amplified polymorphic dna analysis. all isolates were found to be resistant to six or more of the 12 antimicrobial agents tested. only two small plasmids of 1.8 and 2.4 megadalton were detected in two clinical isolates from thailand. ...	2000	11109011
the treatment of respiratory pseudomonas infection in cystic fibrosis: what drug and which way?	pseudomonas aeruginosa is a non-capsulate and non-sporing gram-negative bacillus that most commonly affects the lower respiratory system in humans. burkholderia (previously pseudomonas) cepacia has emerged as an important respiratory pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). the ability of p. aeruginosa to persist and multiply in moist environments and equipment, such as humidifiers in hospital wards, bathrooms, sinks and kitchens, maybe of importance in cross-infection. p. aeruginosa infe ...	2000	11129122
pgstp: an ivet-compatible promoter probe vector conferring resistance to trimethoprim.		2000	11084853
monoclonal antibody-based rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei in blood culture fluid from patients with community-acquired septicaemia.	a monoclonal antibody-based latex agglutination (mab-la) test was employed for the rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei in blood culture fluid from patients with community-acquired septicaemia. these patients were admitted to 12 hospitals in the northeastern part of thailand which is a region known to be endemic for melioidosis. blood samples were collected and immediately added to the blood culture bottles which were incubated in either automated (five hospitals) or manual (seven h ...	2000	11129718
outbreak of nosocomial burkholderia cepacia infection and colonization associated with intrinsically contaminated mouthwash.	from august 1996 through june 1998, 69 ventilated, intensive care unit patients at two arizona hospitals had nosocomial respiratory tract cultures positive for burkholderia cepacia. intrinsically contaminated alcohol-free mouthwash was identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis as the source of the outbreak.	2000	11089663
bias caused by using different isolation media for assessing the genetic diversity of a natural microbial population.	the influence of isolation medium on the biodiversity of burkholderia cepacia strains recovered from the rhizosphere of zea mays was evaluated by comparing the genetic diversity of isolates obtained by plating serial dilutions of root macerates on the two selective media tb-t and pcat. from each medium, 50 randomly chosen colonies were isolated. on the basis of the restriction patterns of dna coding for 16s rrna (16s rdna) amplified by means of pcr (ardra), all strains isolated from tb-t medium ...	2000	11080375
aquifer protist response and the potential for tce bioremediation with burkholderia cepacia g4 pr1.	bacterivorous protists have been recovered from pristine and contaminated aquifer environments, but the ecological role of these organisms in bioremediation strategies has not been well defined. burkholderia cepacia g4 pr1 constitutively expresses a toluene ortho-monooxygenase (tom) due to a secondary transposition of a tn5 transposable element in a trichloroethylene (tce) degradative plasmid (tom). groundwater and sediment from a potential site for a tce bioremediation field demonstration were ...	2000	11080377
the use of protocatechuate dioxygenase for maintaining anaerobic conditions in biochemical experiments.	the study of redox-active systems often requires the maintenance of anaerobic conditions. the glucose oxidase system has often been used to maintain anaerobic conditions, but it has some drawbacks, such as the production of h(2)o(2) and limitations on stability. protocatechuate dioxygenase from burkholderia cepacia and the substrate, protocatechuate, constitute an alternate effective oxygen-scrubbing system that can be used in a wide variety of biochemical experiments. we have shown its suitabil ...	2000	11067739
identification of a siderophore receptor required for ferric ornibactin uptake in burkholderia cepacia.	ornibactins are linear hydroxamate siderophores produced by burkholderia cepacia with peptide structures similar to that of pyoverdines produced by the fluorescent pseudomonads. the gene encoding the outer membrane receptor (orba) was identified, sequenced, and demonstrated to have significant homology with hydroxamate receptors produced by other organisms. the orba precursor was predicted to be a protein with a molecular mass of 81 kda. an orba mutant was constructed and demonstrated to be unab ...	2000	11083764
computational studies of essential dynamics of pseudomonas cepacia lipase.	in order to investigate the interfacial activation of a lipase from pseudomonas cepacia (pcl), molecular dynamics (md) simulations and essential dynamics (ed) analysis were performed in different solvent environments: vacuum and explicit water solvents. starting from the active (open) structure of pcl, the essential dynamics analysis of the simulations revealed large correlated motions, which may be responsible for the activation of the enzyme. fluctuations in the u1 (active-site lid) and u2 dom ...	2000	11089650
identification and detection of stenotrophomonas maltophilia by rrna-directed pcr.	stenotrophomonas maltophilia has recently emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen in immunocompromised patients, in transplant recipients, and in persons with cystic fibrosis (cf). while this organism is nonpathogenic in healthy individuals, it is increasingly associated with morbidity and mortality in susceptible populations. recent studies have indicated that for approximately 10% of cf patients with moderate lung disease, s. maltophilia can be cultured from respiratory tract secretions. i ...	2000	11101555
studies on polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) accumulation in a pha synthase i-negative mutant of burkholderia cepacia generated by homogenotization.	in the genome of burkholderia cepacia strain ipt64, which accumulates a blend of the two homopolyesters poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), poly(3hb), and poly(3-hydroxy-4-pentenoic acid), poly(3h4pe), from sucrose or gluconate as single carbon source, the polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) synthase structural gene was disrupted by the insertion of a chloramphenicol-resistant gene cassette (phac1::cm). the suicide vector psup202 harboring phac1::cm was transferred to b. cepacia by conjugation. the inactivated gene ...	2000	11094298
zoospore homing and infection events: effects of the biocontrol bacterium burkholderia cepacia ammdr1 on two oomycete pathogens of pea (pisum sativum l.).	burkholderia cepacia ammdr1 is a biocontrol agent that protects pea and sweet corn seeds from pythium damping-off in field experiments. the goal of this work was to understand the effect of b. cepacia ammdr1 on pythium aphanidermatum and aphanomyces euteiches zoospore homing events and on infection of pea seeds or roots. in vitro, b. cepacia ammdr1 caused zoospore lysis, prevented cyst germination, and inhibited germ tube growth of both oomycetes. b. cepacia ammdr1 also reduced the attractivenes ...	2000	11097889
bacterial lipases from pseudomonas: regulation of gene expression and mechanisms of secretion.	lipases from pseudomonas bacteria are widely used for a variety of biotechnological applications. overexpression in heterologous hosts like escherichia coli failed to produce enzymatically active lipase prompting to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of lipase gene expression and secretion. the prototype lipase from p. aeruginosa is encoded in a bicistronic operon which is transcribed from two different promotors, one of which depends on the alternative sigma factor rpon (s ...	2000	11099799
kinetic resolution of racemic alpha-methyl-beta-propiothiolactone by lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis.	kinetic resolution of racemic alpha-methyl-beta-propiothiolactone (rac-mptl) using lipases in organic solvent was studied. the lipase from pseudomonas cepacia (pcl) showed the highest (s)-enantioselectivity (e > 100), and cyclohexane containing 1% (v/v) buffer was identified as the best reaction medium for maintaining high enantioselectivity as well as high reaction rate. while the substrate inhibition was not observed up to 300 mm rac-mptl, severe product inhibition was observed even at 50 mm r ...	2000	11101323
regioselective enzymatic aminoacylation of lobucavir to give an intermediate for lobucavir prodrug.	synthesis of lobucavir prodrug, l-valine, [(1s,2r,3r)-3-(2-amino-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-9h-purin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl) cyclobutyl]methyl ester monohydrochloride (bms 233866), requires regioselective coupling of one of the two hydroxyl groups of lobucavir (bms 180194) with valine. either hydroxyl group of lobucavir could be selectively aminoacylated with valine by using enzymatic reactions. n-[(phenylmethoxy)carbonyl]-l-valine, [(1r,2r,4s)-2-(2-amino-6-oxo-1h-purin-9-yl)-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutyl] ...	2000	11131158
transient asceptic arthritis of knees in a patient with melioidosis.	osteomyelitis and septic arthritis are known manifestations of melioidosis. whether reactive arthritis can occur as a sequele to b. pseudomallei infection, is yet to be seen. as more and more cases of melioidosis will be reported in future, this aspect has to be kept in mind.	2000	11214516
cloning and characterization of estc from burkholderia gladioli, a novel-type esterase related to plant enzymes.	by screening a genomic library of burkholderia gladioli (formerly pseudomonas marginata) for clones exhibiting esterolytic activity, the gene for a novel-type esterase (estc) showing significant homology to plant enzymes could be isolated. high homology was found to two hydroxynitrile lyases originating from hevea brasiliensis (tropical rubber tree) and manihot esculenta (cassava), and to two proteins from oryza sativa (rice) that are specifically induced upon infection by pseudomonas syringae p ...	2000	11152069
recent developments in pulmonary infections.		2000	11153574
pseudomonas antimicrobica attafuah and bradbury 1990 is a junior synonym of burkholderia gladioli (severini 1913) yabuuchi et al. 1993.	comparison of the 16s rdna sequence of pseudomonas antimicrobica lmg 18920t with published 16s rdna sequences from other pseudomonads indicated that pseudomonas antimicrobica belongs to the genus burkholderia, with burkholderia gladioli, burkholderia glumae and burkholderia plantarii as its closest neighbours. dna-dna hybridizations confirmed that pseudomonas antimicrobica and burkholderia gladioli represent the same species. strain lmg 18920t and other burkholderia gladioli strains were also in ...	2000	11155989