Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [an analysis of the antigenic structure of the hemagglutinins from different strains of the influenza b virus by using monoclonal antibodies]. | a comparative immunological analysis of the antigenic composition of hemagglutinin (ha) of influenza b virus drift-variants isolated during 46 years was carried out using monoclonal antibodies (mab) to ha of b/oregon 5/80 virus in hi test and solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. the presence of type- and group-specific antigenic determinants was demonstrated which agreed with our previous data obtained in studies with polyvalent sera. however, using mab three more group-specific determinants were det ... | 1990 | 2267779 |
| [the effect of the procedure for sampling clinical material on the detection of influenza virus antigens by immunochemical methods]. | 1990 | 2267786 | |
| demonstration of "all or none" rule in the antiviral activity of complement. | 1990 | 2268547 | |
| do influenza epidemics spread to neighbouring countries? | this study compares the main causes of influenza epidemics reported in czechoslovakia (csr) and the german democratic republic (gdr) during the 9 seasons between 1980 and 1988. the influenza epidemics due to identical virus types were experienced in the two countries in the 1980, 1984 and 1986 seasons, and of these only the 1984 epidemic associated with a-strain influenza a/chile/1/83 (h1n1) virus could be demonstrated to spread from the eastern parts of the csr to the northern areas of the gdr. ... | 1990 | 2273246 |
| epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in young children from thailand. | a prospective evaluation of the epidemiology and presentations of acute respiratory infections in children younger than 5 years of age admitted to children's hospital bangkok (1988 to 1989) was supported by the world health organization. there were 226 patients with the inclusion criteria: 1 to 5 years of age; duration of illness less than 2 weeks; no prior antibiotic therapy; and low socioeconomic status. the disease categories included: croup, 19 cases; bronchiolitis, 60 cases; and pneumonia, ... | 1990 | 2277743 |
| [an outbreak of influenza in hospital personnel]. | during the last week of december 1989, an outbreak of respiratory system infection involved 32 hospital personnel and 2 patients was detected in gazi university medical faculty hospital. white blood cells count of the patients were either normal or there were a slight leucopenia. throat cultures of the most patients were normal. serum aso, crp, bilirubin, ast and alt were usually within normal limits. according to symptoms, signs and laboratory data we considered a viral disease, especially infl ... | 1990 | 2287292 |
| cot deaths in canterbury (nz): lack of association with respiratory virus patterns. | this study was done to see whether any association between sids and respiratory viruses might be more obvious in canterbury where the cot death rate is so high (about seven per thousand live births). the numbers of common respiratory virus identifications for the eight year period july 1981 to june 1989 were analysed for associations with cot death. the identifications were from inpatients at the christchurch public hospital and other community sources in canterbury. weak associations were found ... | 1990 | 2291729 |
| antibody response to inactivated influenza vaccines of various antigenic concentrations. | four inactivated influenza vaccines (containing the recommended antigens for the 1985-1986 influenza season) of various antigenic concentration levels were randomly administered to 140 study participants. the effect of the increasing antigen concentration resulted in significantly higher influenza hemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody levels 3 weeks after vaccination for the a/h1n1 antigen but not for the a/h3n2 or b antigens. also, at 3 weeks after vaccination, there were significantly lowe ... | 1990 | 2299213 |
| viral infections and recurrences of febrile convulsions. | to determine whether complicated febrile seizures occur more often in children with a proven viral infection, we performed viral examinations on 144 children with febrile convulsions, of whom 112 had simple and 32 had complicated seizures. a diagnosis of virus infection was verified in 46% of the former patients and 53% of the latter. three adenoviruses, one parainfluenza virus type 2 and one type 3, one respiratory syncytial virus, one echovirus type 11, one herpes simplex virus type 2, and one ... | 1990 | 2299489 |
| specificity and in vitro transfer of the immunosuppressive effect of detergent-disrupted influenza virus vaccine. | primed murine splenocytes give an in vitro antibody response to influenza whole virus vaccine (wvv), as measured by enzyme immunoassay (eia). when subunit vaccine (sv) of either influenza a or influenza b virus was added to in vitro splenocyte cultures stimulated with wvv, the eia antibody response to homologous wvv was reduced. this reduction in antibody response was observed when sv was prepared using zwitterionic detergent (empigen bb), non-ionic detergent (triton-x-100) or cationic detergent ... | 1990 | 2302839 |
| passively transferred monoclonal antibody to the m2 protein inhibits influenza a virus replication in mice. | the m2 protein of influenza a virus is expressed on the surfaces of infected cells, and a monoclonal antibody to this protein inhibits plaque enlargement of sensitive influenza a viruses without reducing plaque titer (s.l. zebedee and r.a. lamb, j. virol. 62:2762-2772, 1988). in the current study, passively transferred monoclonal antibody to m2 reduced the level of replication of influenza a virus but not of influenza b virus in the lungs of mice. these experiments demonstrated that antibody to ... | 1990 | 2304147 |
| cocirculation of two distinct evolutionary lineages of influenza type b virus since 1983. | during 1988-1989 two highly distinct antigenic variants of influenza type b were recognized in hemagglutination-inhibition tests with postinfection ferret serum. these viruses were antigenically related to either b/victoria/2/87, the most recent reference strain, or b/yamagata/16/88, a variant that was isolated in japan in may 1988. all influenza b viruses isolated in the united states during an epidemic in the winter of 1988-1989 were antigenically related to b/victoria/2/87. however, in severa ... | 1990 | 2309452 |
| a host-cell-selected variant of influenza b virus with a single nucleotide substitution in ha affecting a potential glycosylation site was attenuated in virulence for volunteers. | an influenza b virus was passaged in man (virus a) and then in human embryo trachea (c) and into embryonated eggs (d) or directly into eggs (b). virus a, b, and c had the same (cell-like) haemagglutinin phenotype on reaction with selected monoclonal antibodies while d had an "egg-like" phenotype. the viruses were administered at a dose of 1,000 tcd50 (for mdck cells) by intranasal inoculation to groups of 27 or 28 volunteers. viruses a, b, and c all produced disease in six to eight volunteers, w ... | 1990 | 2310304 |
| viral aetiology of acute respiratory infections in children in north india. | two hundred and thirty children clinically diagnosed as suffering from acute respiratory infection were tested for four major groups of viral aetiological agents, i.e. influenza para-influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and adenoviruses using indirect immunofluorescence technique. at least one of the respiratory viruses was identified in 51 (22 per cent) specimens, which included influenza a in 6 (3 per cent), influenza b in 3 (1 per cent), para-influenza type 1 in 3 (1 per cent), para-i ... | 1990 | 2313777 |
| enhancement of antibody responses to influenza b virus haemagglutinin by use of a new adjuvant formulation. | mice and guinea pigs were immunized with the haemagglutinin (ha) of influenza b-ussr/100 virus, either in syntex adjuvant formulation-1 (saf-1) or in saline. antibody titres were determined by elisa, haemagglutination inhibition and virus neutralization. animals immunized with ha in saf-1 had significantly higher antibody titres than did animals immunized with ha in saline. both 3-week-old and 13 1/2-month-old mice had greater and more uniform antibody responses to ha in saf-1 than to ha in sali ... | 1990 | 2316284 |
| laboratory properties of cold-adapted influenza b live vaccine strains developed in the us and ussr, and their b/ann arbor/1/86 cold-adapted reassortant vaccine candidates. | the adaptation of two influenza b strains (b/leningrad/14/55 and b/ann arbor/1/66) to replication at 25 degrees c is described. comparison of the two viruses indicates that both also exhibit temperature sensitive phenotypes, although that of the virus b/leningrad/14/55 is less pronounced. when inoculated into ferrets both viruses replicate well in the trachea, but only the b/leningrad/14/55 cold-adapted virus replicates in the lungs. this virus exhibited a moderate level of attenuation in the an ... | 1990 | 2316285 |
| evaluation of the infectivity, immunogenicity, and efficacy of live cold-adapted influenza b/ann arbor/1/86 reassortant virus vaccine in adult volunteers. | a cold-adapted (ca) influenza b reassortant that derived two genes encoding the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from influenza b/ann arbor/1/86 wild-type virus and six internal rna segments from ca influenza b/ann arbor/1/66 virus was evaluated in 66 adult volunteers having a serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer less than or equal to 1:8. the ca reassortant was attenuated and elicited the production of systemic and local antibodies; the 50% human infectious dose was 10(6.4) tcid50. s ... | 1990 | 2324538 |
| live attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccine in school-age children. | in 1985, we enrolled 189 school-age children by family in a double-blind study to determine protection against influenza by a single dose of cold-recombinant bivalent a vaccine or commercial trivalent inactivated vaccine compared with placebo. all children in school or day care, 3 to 18 years of age, in an enrolled family received the same preparation. following vaccination, 60% and 21% of cold-recombinant bivalent a vaccine recipients and 73% and 83% of trivalent inactivated vaccine recipients ... | 1990 | 2330929 |
| [study on the effects of influenza virus vaccines--relation between the rate of two-fractional vaccination and the overall rate of absenteeism]. | in 1987 and 1988, in 9 elementary schools, the percentage of children who received two sessions of vaccination and the overall rate of absenteeism resulting from influenza were determined for each class, and their relationship was investigated. the following results were obtained. 1) the mean vaccination rate was 58.6% among 157 classes in 1987, whereas it was 29.9% among 151 classes in 1988, the rate being significantly higher in 1987. 2) the mean overall rate of absenteeism was 1.524% in 1987, ... | 1990 | 2335753 |
| evolutionary pattern of the hemagglutinin gene of influenza b viruses isolated in japan: cocirculating lineages in the same epidemic season. | the unexpectedly low efficacy of influenza vaccine during school outbreaks of influenza b virus in the spring of 1987 in japan was probably attributable to a poor antibody response of vaccinees to the epidemic viruses. an antigenic analysis of the causative b viruses isolated in 1987 and 1988 showed much variation in hemagglutination inhibition patterns. the nucleotide sequences that code for the ha1 domain of b/fukuoka/c-27/81, b/ibaraki/2/85, b/nagasaki/1/87, and b/yamagata/16/88 viruses were ... | 1990 | 2335820 |
| effect of immunomodulator adamantylamide dipeptide on antibody response to influenza subunit vaccines and protection against aerosol influenza infection. | adamantylamide dipeptide (addp) is a novel synthetic compound combining the antiviral properties of amantadine and the essential adjuvant activity of immunomodulator muramyl dipeptide. mice were immunized with influenza a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1), a/sichuan/2/87 (h3n2) and influenza b/beijing/1/87 subunit vaccines containing addp or aluminium hydroxide (al(oh)3). induction of homologous haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibodies and correlation to protection against lethal aerosol influenza a/pr/8/3 ... | 1990 | 2336875 |
| the phosphorylation of the integral membrane (m1) protein of influenza virus. | the phosphorylation of the internal and integral membrane (m1) protein of influenza virus was studied. four points can be made based on the data: (1) the m1 contains at least two moles of phosphate per mole of m1. (2) phosphorylation of m1 is conserved between influenza a, b and c viruses. other characteristics of the m1 are also conserved, such as solubility in organic solvent, heterogeneity and ability to partition into lipid vesicles. (3) m1 is phosphorylated in cells infected with a vaccinia ... | 1990 | 2349833 |
| enhancement of dth response by cholera toxin b subunit inoculated intranasally together with influenza ha vaccine. | the effects of b subunit of cholera toxin (ctb) on delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response to influenza vaccine derived from influenza virus a/pr/8/34 (pr-8, hlnl) virus were investigated in b10 mice that were immunized intranasally with both influenza vaccine and ctb. the result showed that intranasal inoculation of this combination augmented dth response to influenza vaccine, which reached its peak 6 days after inoculation, and also induced accelerated dth response upon a second inoculati ... | 1990 | 2352500 |
| a hospital study of community acquired pneumonia in the elderly. | studies on community acquired pneumonia in the united states in patients over the age of 65 years have shown that gram negative bacilli account for an appreciable proportion of cases, in addition to usual pathogens such as streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. there have been no reports of community acquired pneumonia in the elderly in the united kingdom. we undertook such a study to determine the clinical features, aetiology, and outcome. seventy three patients (38 men) with ages ... | 1990 | 2356552 |
| age-related decline in interleukin 2 production in response to influenza vaccine. | articles in the recent literature document an abnormal antibody response in elderly persons to influenza vaccination. several studies have presented evidence to show that immune dysfunction in aged mice and humans may be due to a defect in the production of interleukin 2 (il2) by helper t cells (th). cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were prepared from blood samples taken at eight weeks after vaccination (0.5 ml of armand-frappier, 15 micrograms/0.5 ml each of a/taiwan/1/86, ... | 1990 | 2358627 |
| pediatric management problems (bronchopulmonary dysplasia with acute respiratory infection). | 1990 | 2359642 | |
| [anti-influenza effect of bacterial rnase and the pharmacokinetic basis of its administration in experimental studies]. | anti-influenzal action of bacterial and pancreatic rnaases was studied. it was shown in ovo that the rnaases had distinct virus inhibiting activity with respect to various strains of the grippe a virus and did not practically differ by their activity from remantadin but unlike it had inhibitory action on the grippe b virus. the anti-influenzal activity of bacterial rnaase in contrast to pancreatic one was detected not only in experiments with developing chick embryos but also in albino mice with ... | 1990 | 2360851 |
| influenza in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | although patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) might be expected to have more severe illness due to influenza virus infection than normal persons, the course of influenza in such patients has not been well delineated. we describe six consecutive hiv-infected patients at san francisco general hospital in whom influenza virus was isolated from induced sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage specimens between december 1988 and march 1989. although neither clinical presentation of influ ... | 1990 | 2361409 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of metabolites of rimantadine. | the hydroxy metabolites of rimantadine (3-5) were synthesized and compared to amantadine (1) and rimantadine (2) for their ability to inhibit the replication of influenza viruses in vitro. all three metabolites were inhibitory to wild-type influenza a viruses (h3n2 and h1n1). in particular, 2-hydroxyrimantadine (3) showed similar activity to amantadine, but the 3- and 4-hydroxy metabolites (4 and 5, respectively), both of which are found in rimantadine-treated patients, showed only modest inhibi ... | 1990 | 2362279 |
| nucleotide sequence of the ha gene of influenza b/beijing/1/87. | 1990 | 2362812 | |
| stimulation of tumor necrosis factor secretion by purified influenza virus neuraminidase. | we showed that purified neuraminidase (na) of influenza virus, but not hemagglutinin (ha), possessed the potential to increase in vitro and in vivo the interleukin 1 (il 1) activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages. in this study, we report the effect of na and ha on the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (tnf) activity by murine peritoneal macrophages. tnf being a cytokine sharing many related and overlapping biological functions with il 1. the two glycoproteins of the strain a/ussr/90/77 (h1n1) ... | 1990 | 2364437 |
| [serologic studies in the diagnosis of pneumonia]. | the importance of serological determination procedures for the diagnosis of pathogens was investigated in 207 episodes of pneumonia. the pathogenic organisms were detected in 138 cases; in 40 cases serological analysis helped to establish the diagnosis, while in 11 cases of pneumonia, the diagnosis was possible only with serology. the organisms most commonly found by serological investigations were cytomegalovirus (n = 10), aspergillus fumigatus (n = 7), and the influenza b virus (n = 7). multip ... | 1990 | 2367358 |
| the hemagglutinating glycoproteins of influenza b and c viruses are acylated with different fatty acids. | we present evidence that the hemagglutinin (ha) of influenza b virus and the glycoprotein of influenza c virus (hef) are acylated. the fatty acid linkage is sensitive to treatment with hydroxylamine and mercaptoethanol, which points to a labile thioester-type linkage. the ha of influenza b virus contains mainly palmitic acid, whereas the hef glycoprotein of influenza c virus is acylated with stearic acid which has not been observed before as the prevailing fatty acid in viral or cellular acyl pr ... | 1990 | 2371783 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae strain twar, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and viral infections in acute respiratory disease in a university student health clinic population. | clinical and serologic data were collected on 667 university of washington students who presented to the david hall student health center between 1983 and 1987 with acute respiratory disease. sera were tested for evidence of acute or past infections with chlamydia pneumoniae strain twar, chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza a virus, influenza b virus, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus. pharyngeal swab specimens were cultured for c. pneumoniae and c. trachomatis, but ... | 1990 | 2372005 |
| [preventive influenza vaccination]. | 1990 | 2378120 | |
| evolutionary changes in influenza b are not primarily governed by antibody selection. | influenza b viruses evolve more slowly than human influenza a, but no reasons for the difference have been established. we have analyzed sequence changes in the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza b viruses (and have determined four hemagglutinin sequences, of b/bonn/43, b/ussr/100/83, b/victoria/3/85, and b/memphis/6/86) in relation to antigenic properties and compared these with similar analyses of variation in influenza a antigens. independent of the slower rate of change in influenz ... | 1990 | 2378639 |
| rapid focus reduction neutralization test of influenza a and b viruses in microtiter system. | a rapid neutralization test for influenza a and b viruses was developed. in this method, a 96-well tissue culture plate was used for the preparation of cell monolayers and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining technique was used for the visualization of foci infected with these viruses. in the presence of trypsin and tragacanth gum, clear foci developed 1 day after infection. a linear relationship between virus dilutions and numbers of foci was observed. when neutralizing antibodies in some tes ... | 1990 | 2380359 |
| acip releases 1990-1991 influenza vaccination recommendations. | 1990 | 2382604 | |
| influenza. | 1990 | 2386691 | |
| recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 1990-1991 season. | 1990 | 2386721 | |
| new crystalline forms of neuraminidase of type b human influenza virus. | new crystalline forms of tetrameric neuraminidase heads from two strains (b/lee/40 and b/mem/89) of type b human influenza virus were obtained and the crystals diffracted using x-rays to 2.5 a resolution without lattice disorder. the new b/lee/40 crystalline form is tetragonal, space group p42(1)2, with unit cell dimensions a = 123.8 a, c = 71.8 a. the b/mem/89 crystalline form is also tetragonal, space group i422, with unit cell dimensions a = 122.9 a, c = 164.4 a. there is one neuraminidase mo ... | 1990 | 2388263 |
| [the use of immunoenzyme analysis in studying the etiologic structure of influenza morbidity in 1985-1988]. | in the periods of epidemic increases in the incidence of influenza in 1985-1988, approximately 600 patients with clinical diagnoses of arvi and influenza were examined for the presence of viral antigen in nasopharyngeal washings by solid-phase enzyme-immunoassay and for antibody rises in paired blood sera. the use of modified speia and original test sera for influenza type a and b viruses in rapid diagnosis of influenza made it possible to decode the etiology of the epidemic situations in 1985-1 ... | 1990 | 2389565 |
| surfactant-potentiated increases in intracranial pressure in a mouse model of reye's syndrome. | severe encephalopathy, the usual cause of death in reye's syndrome (rs), is characterized by cerebral edema with associated increases in intracranial pressure (icp). in previous studies, we have shown that exposure of neonatal mice to nontoxic doses of an industrial surfactant and subsequent infection with mouse-adapted influenza b (lee) virus result in a significant increase in mortality rate and that this is associated with several of the characteristic features of human rs. in the present stu ... | 1991 | 1984438 |
| sequence and crystallization of influenza virus b/beijing/1/87 neuraminidase. | influenza b/beijing/1/87 neuraminidase heads were isolated from virus via trypsin digestion and characterized by page, n-terminal sequencing, electron microscopy, and enzyme activity. the heads were crystallized into two crystal forms; tetragonal plates, like other neuraminidase crystals described before, that diffract to medium resolution (3 a) and a new form consisting of trigonal prisms or needles that diffract to high resolution (at least 2 a). the gene segment coding for neuraminidase was s ... | 1991 | 1984652 |
| direct isolation in eggs of influenza a (h1n1) and b viruses with haemagglutinins of different antigenic and amino acid composition. | influenza a (h1n1) and influenza b viruses from clinical samples were isolated in the amniotic cavity of embryonated hens' eggs by classical techniques and propagated in the allantoic cavity. virus progeny from different eggs which had been inoculated with virus material from the same clinical sample possessed antigenically distinguishable haemagglutinins (has). virus progeny of some eggs possessed has which were serologically identical to those of virus isolated in parallel in mammalian (mdck) ... | 1991 | 1990062 |
| age distribution of patients with medically-attended illnesses caused by sequential variants of influenza a/h1n1: comparison to age-specific infection rates, 1978-1989. | since influenza a/h1n1 viruses reappeared during the 1977-1978 season, this subtype has contributed 27% of 6,609 documented influenza infections of persons with acute respiratory disease presenting to clinics serving as surveillance sites of the influenza research center in houston for the 12-year period ending june 1989. wide differences in the distribution of h1n1 viruses occurred by age group: more than 50% of h1n1 infections were detected among persons aged 10-34 years, compared with 28% for ... | 1991 | 2000847 |
| influenza vaccines. | 1991 | 2008259 | |
| safety and immunogenicity of live attenuated cold-adapted influenza b/ann arbor/1/86 reassortant virus vaccine in infants and children. | a cold-adapted (ca) influenza b reassortant vaccine consisting of two genes encoding the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from wild-type influenza b/ann arbor/1/86 virus and the six internal rna segments from influenza b/ann arbor/1/66 ca virus was evaluated in 18 seropositive and 57 seronegative infants and children. the ca reassortant was infectious in seronegative vaccinees, with an estimated 50% human infectious dose of 10(2.5) tcid50. nasal wash specimens from vaccinees retained the temperat ... | 1991 | 2010627 |
| from the centers for disease control. influenza activity--united states and worldwide, and composition of 1991-92 influenza vaccine. | 1991 | 2016824 | |
| reconstitution by mhc-restricted peptides of hla-a2 heavy chain with beta 2-microglobulin, in vitro. | cytotoxic t lymphocytes kill virally infected cells when they detect antigenic fragments presented by class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc) antigens (hla in humans). the crystal structures of hla-a2 and hla-aw68 reveal that peptide-antigen forms an integral part of the hla structure, being retained in a prominent groove even after purification and crystallization. here we report that the heavy chain and beta 2-microglobulin of hla-a2, after separation and fractionation in denaturants, r ... | 1991 | 2017257 |
| recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 1991-1992 season. | 1991 | 2018726 | |
| prevention and control of influenza recommendations of the immunization practices advisory committee (acip). | 1991 | 2034207 | |
| influenza type a and b infections in hospitalized pediatric patients. who should be immunized? | medical records of 99 hospitalized pediatric patients whose respiratory viral cultures yielded influenza type a or b during the winter of 1988/1989 were reviewed. we compared the records of patients considered to be at high risk (n = 43) with those of patients considered to be at low risk (n = 56) to determine differences in morbidity and mortality and if vaccination was warranted. sixty-six percent of high-risk patients had chronic pulmonary disease. forty-four percent of the high-risk and 11% ... | 1991 | 2035490 |
| in elderly persons live attenuated influenza a virus vaccines do not offer an advantage over inactivated virus vaccine in inducing serum or secretory antibodies or local immunologic memory. | in a double-blind, randomized trial, 102 healthy elderly subjects were inoculated with one of four preparations: (i) intranasal bivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine containing cold-adapted a/kawasaki/86 (h1n1) and cold-adapted a/bethesda/85 (h3n2) viruses; (ii) parenteral trivalent inactivated subvirion vaccine containing a/taiwan/86 (h1n1), a/leningrad/86 (h3n2), and b/ann arbor/86 antigens; (iii) both vaccines; or (iv) placebo. to determine whether local or systemic immunization augmente ... | 1991 | 2037667 |
| serological responses in volunteers to inactivated trivalent subunit influenza vaccine: antibody reactivity with epidemic influenza a and b strains and evidence of a rapid immune response. | a study of the immunogenicity of the inactivated trivalent subunit influenza vaccine for the 1989/90 season was performed in what proved to be an influenza epidemic year. one hundred student volunteers at the london hospital medical college participated in the study and the findings indicated that there was an excellent serological match between the epidemic strain of influenza a (h3n2) and the vaccine strain. before vaccination, the geometric mean titre (gmt) to a/england/308/89, a representati ... | 1991 | 2051142 |
| an influenza a virus containing influenza b virus 5' and 3' noncoding regions on the neuraminidase gene is attenuated in mice. | influenza a and b viruses have not been shown to form reassortants. it had been assumed that the lack of genotypic mixing between influenza virus types reflected differences in polymerase and packaging specificity. in this study, we show that an influenza a virus polymerase transcribes and replicates a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene flanked by the nontranslated sequences of an influenza b virus gene. although the transcription level of this cat gene was several times lower than tha ... | 1991 | 2052599 |
| electron microscopic evidence for the association of m2 protein with the influenza virion. | immunogold electron microscopy revealed that site-specific antibodies elicited by a synthetic peptide representing the n-terminal sequence (residues 2-10) of influenza virus m2 protein were capable of binding to the surface of virions. antibody binding was observed with two human influenza virus strains but not with an avian virus strain which has amino acid substitutions in the appropriate sequence of m2. these results provide direct evidence for the presence of m2 in the influenza virion. | 1991 | 2069504 |
| nosocomial pneumonia in a canadian tertiary care center: a prospective surveillance study. | to determine the contribution of etiologic agents, including legionella pneumophila and respiratory viruses to nosocomial pneumonia at a tertiary care center. | 1991 | 2071878 |
| serum antibodies against respiratory tract viruses in episodes of acute otitis media. | although the findings of epidemiological studies have suggested viral respiratory tract infection (rti) to be crucially involved in the development of acute otitis media (aom), the relationship between aom and viral rti remains unclear. serum samples, obtained in the acute and convalescent phases of 57 aom episodes (in 35 children during the first three years of life) were analysed for igg antibodies against influenza a viruses, influenza b viruses, parainfluenza virus type 1, respiratory syncyt ... | 1991 | 1645761 |
| [studies on sialidase and esterase in influenza viruses]. | the main contributions of the author and collaborators about sialidase (ec 3.2.1.18) of influenza virus types a and b and o-acetylesterase (ec 3.1.1.53) of type c are summarized. after a short introduction on the topic, the negative results obtained by the author on inhibitors are commented. then, the peculiarities of the three procedures assayed, based on the nadh determination as a measurement for the sialidase activity, are discussed. the spectrofluorimetric measurement of nadh concentration ... | 1991 | 1656837 |
| [the protective action of arbidol during a rise in respiratory diseases in 1990]. | prophylactic properties of a new chemical drug, arbidol, against acute respiratory diseases (ard) were studied. arbidol given daily in a dose of 0.2 g for 19 days reduced the morbidity rate 2.3-fold in adults during an outbreak of ard. geometric mean titres of antibodies to respiratory viruses among healthy persons did not change after treatment with arbidol indicating the lack of immunosuppressive properties in the drug. the prophylactic effect of arbidol may be due to both specific effect of t ... | 1991 | 1666474 |
| antiviral activity of flos verbasci infusion against influenza and herpes simplex viruses. | the lyophilized infusion from flowers of verbascum thapsiforme schrad. (fvi) showed antiviral activity in in vitro studies against fowl plague virus, several influenza a strains, influenza b strain as well as herpes simplex virus. influenza viruses titer decreased by 1-3 log units, while of h. simplex virus by 2.3 log. fvi has shown virucidal activity on h. simplex virus at 300 micrograms/ml, but did not inactivate influenza viruses. phytochemical investigations of fvi have shown the presence of ... | 1991 | 1666504 |
| longitudinal study of acute respiratory diseases in rio de janeiro: occurrence of respiratory viruses during four consecutive years. | the occurrence of different viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions from children less than 5 years old with acute respiratory infections (ari) was investigated over a period of 4 years (1982-1985) in rio de janeiro. of the viruses known to be associated with ari, all but influenza c and parainfluenza types 1, 2 and 4 were found. viruses were found more frequently in children attending emergency or pediatric wards than in outpatients. this was clearly related to the high incidence of respiratory sy ... | 1991 | 1668974 |
| influenza surveillance in england and wales: november 1990--june 1991. | 1991 | 1669752 | |
| outbreaks of influenza b: 1991. | 1991 | 1669799 | |
| influenza surveillance. | 1991 | 1669817 | |
| influenza activity, england and wales. | 1991 | 1669826 | |
| [atypical pathogen spectrum in community-acquired infections of the lower respiratory tract in childhood]. | over a period of 14 months, we obtained nasal and throat swabs for virological examinations from patients, admitted to hospital with suspected pneumonia. fifty-five cases of perihilar bronchitis and 103 cases of pneumonia were diagnosed based on radiological criteria. in 36% (n = 57) of the children, a pathogen could be determined by antigen elisa. we found the following spectrum: respiratory syncytial virus: 42%; influenza a: 8%; influenza b: 10%; parainfluenza 1: 3%; parainfluenza 2: 10%; para ... | 1991 | 1745250 |
| influenza virus activity in papua new guinea. | influenza viruses remain a major cause of respiratory disease in both developed and developing countries. a great deal of information concerning the structure, pathology and modes of transmission of these viruses has been accumulated, but no means of successfully combating them have, as yet, been devised. the most appropriate strategy for limiting the effects of influenza is to monitor the emergence and spread of new strains carefully and warn the public and at-risk groups of impending epidemics ... | 1991 | 1750264 |
| high dose-short duration ribavirin aerosol treatment--a review. | a high-dose, short-duration treatment with ribavirin aerosol consisting of a three-fold increase in concentration of drug (60 mg versus 20 mg of ribavirin per ml in the liquid reservoir of the generator administered for about one-third the time of the standard treatment) was as effective as the standard dosage in the treatment of experimental influenza a and b infections in mice and in the treatment of experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats. despite some minor pulmonar ... | 1991 | 1756300 |
| influenza in the world. 1 october 1990-30 september 1991. | 1991 | 1782122 | |
| a new influenza surveillance system in france: the ile-de-france "grog". 2. validity of indicators (1984-1989). | the evaluation of the validity of the grog's indicators is based on the first five years of activity, four of which being epidemic ones. a virological criterion for identifying epidemics is used as the gold standard. for each non-specific indicator, the ratio of epidemic weeks to non-epidemic weeks is outlined. therefore we can define four epidemic situations in relation with the strains circulating and the non-specific indicators. influenza a epidemics, which are known as a mortality problem ca ... | 1991 | 1783052 |
| comparison of rapid immunofluorescence assay to cell culture isolation for the detection of influenza a and b viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions from infants and children. | in the hospital setting it is often critical to isolate patients appropriately in order to prevent nosocomial infection. this is especially true with respiratory infection in infants and young children. at the present time a rapid immunofluorescence assay (ifa) for respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza viruses is routinely carried out in our laboratory. during january and february of 1990 we used monoclonal antibodies specific for influenza a and b viruses (baxter-bartels, bellevue, wa) in thi ... | 1991 | 1783676 |
| [the use of the lectin test for detecting antineuraminidase antibodies in the sera of vaccinated subjects]. | the lectin test (a microvariant) was used to study the immunogenicity of live attenuated and inactivated virion divaccines of influenza a (h1n1 + h3n2) and influenza b vaccines in children 3 to 15 years of age. a good correlation was found between the general level of seroconversion of antineuraminidase and antihemagglutinin antibodies in the sera examined. this method is simple and may be useful for titration of large numbers of sera in studies on the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines or pec ... | 1991 | 1785180 |
| [the inoculation properties of live recombinant influenza vaccine types a and b used separately and jointly in children 3 to 14]. | the reactogenicity and immunizing activity of vaccine influenza virus a (h1n1) and b strains used as mono- and bi-preparations in children of 3 to 14 years was studied. no increased reactogenicity after the use of bivaccine was observed in the children. febrile reactions as well as 9 other clinical symptoms which could indicate the reactogenicity of the vaccines were identical for mono- and bivaccine and corresponded to the requirements of the technical documents for the vaccine. the optimal con ... | 1991 | 1785181 |
| [the formation of an immune response in volunteers inoculated with a live recombinant influenza vaccine]. | the capacity of a live influenza vaccine (liv) to stimulate cytotoxic cells (adcmc and nk) was studied in 49 volunteers and 56 patients with influenza. experimental batches of liv from influenza a and b viruses prepared by genetic recombination on the basis of cold-adapted attenuation donors were used. type a and b liv were shown to stimulate the cytotoxic cell-mediated and humoral immunity; the intensity of immune response, however, depended on the molecular genetic characteristics of the vacci ... | 1991 | 1785182 |
| influenza immunization recommendations for delaware. | 1991 | 1786842 | |
| haemophilus influenzae type b bacteremia in older children. | haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) is a well-recognized cause of serious infection in infants and toddlers. however, little information exists regarding hib infections in older children. this report describes serious hib infections in 23 children (eight immunocompromised; 15 immunocompetent) older than 59 months of age. data were collected over an 11-year period. the mean age of the children was 7.6 years (range, 5-15 years), and 14 were male. while three of the eight immunocompromised children ... | 1991 | 1788118 |
| comparison between three rapid methods for direct diagnosis of influenza and the conventional isolation procedure. | besides the rapid diagnostic tests based on influenza a and b antigens nucleoproteins detection, which are routinely used, the isolation of influenza strains is still required to obtain recent variant isolates for full antigenic characterization, in order to up-date the influenza vaccine composition. to increase the rapidity and the efficacy of the virus growth, we implemented a culture test in 24-well plates by centrifugation of samples on to llcmk2 cells in the presence of trypsin. this test w ... | 1991 | 1797040 |
| [a comparative study of the protective properties of live recombinant and inactivated influenza vaccines made from strain a/philippines/2/82 (h3n2) in 8- to 15-year-old children]. | a limited controlled comparative study for the evaluation of the epidemiological efficacy of live recombinant and inactivated virion vaccines from a/philippines/2/82-like strains of influenza a (h3n2) virus was carried out in schoolchildren of 8 to 15 years of age. during the influenza epidemic of 1987-1988 caused by influenza a/sichuan/2/87 (h3n2)-like strains and by influenza b virus in 8.2-17% of cases, a statistically significant efficacy index for live influenza vaccine was 1.8 for the labo ... | 1991 | 1803767 |
| [the effect of different factors on the reproduction of influenza viruses and reassortants in cell cultures]. | the influence of the maintenance medium, polyethylene glycol (peg), deae-dextran, and low temperature on reproduction of influenza a, b, and c viruses and their reassortants in diploid and continuous cell cultures was determined. lowering of ph in the maintenance medium to 6.5 was found to decrease reproduction of influenza a (h1n1) and a (h3n2) viruses and increase that of influenza b viruses. treatment of cells with peg solution increased the yield of influenza b and c but not a viruses. howev ... | 1991 | 1803770 |
| [interepidemic influenza in bulgaria based on laboratory research data]. | during the interepidemic periods of 34 years (1955-1988) the national influenza centre of bulgaria with the aid of 11 supporting stations investigated a total of 27240 nasopharyngeal washings and 42530 paired sera of patients with acute respiratory diseases. eighty strains of subtype a (h1n1) influenza virus, 60 strains of subtype a (h2n2), 148 strains of subtype a (h3n2), 3 strains of subtype a (heg2, neg2), 2 strains of subtype a (hsw1n1), 14 strains of type b, and 6 strains of type c were iso ... | 1991 | 1803771 |
| haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against influenza a and b in human sera collected from five ecological zones in nigeria. | the prevalence of antibodies to the haemagglutinins of two influenza a subtype, h1n1 and h3n2 and influenza b in sera collected from 1986 to 1988 from persons of different ages and from 10 locations in 5 ecological zones of nigeria was determined. the levels of influenza antibodies in the sera varies with age and ecological zones of the country. a total of 1,022 sera were tested, of which 732 (71.6%) were positive for influenza antibodies. the prevalence of antibodies at titre 1:10 varied betwee ... | 1991 | 1804870 |
| [the evolutionary characteristics of an influenza epidemic in a large urban center (b.) of romania between 1988 and 1990]. | the report presents the peculiar characteristics of influenza epidemics in a big urban centre (b.) of romania, between 1988 and 1990, surveyed by clinical, epidemiological and laboratory methods. among the peculiarities of the epidemics: the low rate of endemic morbidity, the seasonal and preseasonal peaks, the very high implication of infantile population in influenza a(h3n2), a(h1n1) and b virus circulation, as well as the high level of mass specific humoral protection against these viruses. e ... | 1991 | 1814431 |
| isolation and characterization of egg yolk antibodies igy from hens immunized with different influenza virus strains. | a comparison of two precipitation methods of igy from normal hen eggs was made. for method i the precipitation agent is represented by peg 6000, and for method ii by organic solvents. the comparative study of some parameters (protein concentration, ovalbumin content, presence of non-specific inhibitors, paa-gel electrophoresis) shows that method i is more efficient and more convenient than method ii. using this method, we isolated and characterized igy preparations from hens immunized with circu ... | 1991 | 1821163 |
| [usefulness of elisa and radial immunodiffusion tests for evaluation of the degree of purification of influenza diagnostic and vaccine preparations]. | it is necessary to use new diagnostic tests for careful and rapid evaluation of a degree of purification and immunogenicity of vaccine anti-influenza preparations. in this study in order to obtain this purpose a radial immunodiffusion++ test and immunoenzymatic test (elisa) were used recommended by who radial immunodiffusion++ test enable to determine a level of haemagglutinin of particular types and subtypes of influenza virus in polyvalent preparations. however, this test is time consuming the ... | 1991 | 1823376 |
| nosocomial influenza in a general hospital for indigent patients. | surveillance of influenza virus infections was maintained on the medical and pediatric wards of a general hospital serving indigent patients of harris county, texas during the winter of 1987-88. influenza a/sichuan/2/87(h3n2) was the predominant virus during the community epidemic. influenza a(h3n2) virus was isolated from six of 17 adult patients (35%) suspected to have nosocomial infections; two of these patients died of fulminating pneumonia. another patient, admitted with alcoholism and hema ... | 1991 | 1824284 |
| [serological investigation of influenza type a and b in university students, brazil]. | wide serological prevalence of influenza a and b was verified by the serological survey covering 200 students of the university of s. paulo during the 1984-1985 period. the humoral antibodies were detected by the single radial haemolysis technique, whose arithmetic titres averages were greater for both subtypes, (h1n1) and (h3n2) of the influenza a virus strains recently isolated from the population. however, the situation of this type b virus was not the same as that of type a seeing that the b ... | 1991 | 1843236 |
| acute alterations in the regulation of lipid metabolism after intravascular reexposure to a single bolus of homologous virus during influenza b infection in ferrets: possible model of epiphenomena associated with influenza. | metabolic responses occurring 24 h following the secondary haematogenous dissemination of influenza b virus during convalescence from infection were examined in the ferret as a possible model for epiphenomena which can occur following infection with influenza. among the major changes found were a further rise in the mean fasting serum free fatty acid (ffa) level to three times the control mean value and a 50% drop in the mean serum triglyceride (tg) concentration after the intravascular administ ... | 1991 | 1843259 |
| role of influenza b virus in hepatic steatosis and mitochondrial abnormalities in a mouse model of reye syndrome. | the hepatic steatosis observed in the influenza b virus mouse model of reye syndrome has been attributed to infectious virus or, alternately, to decreased food intake in the virus-treated mice or impurities in the virus preparation. to resolve this issue, 4- to 6-wk-old male balb c mice were given, by intravenous injection, 12,800 hemagglutination units of influenza b lee/40 virus in phosphate buffered saline/1% bovine serum albumin using virus prepared by ultra-centrifugation from infected alla ... | 1991 | 1846348 |
| acute peripheral facial palsy: csf findings and etiology. | csf and serum were examined in acute and convalescence phase from 56 patients with acute idiopathic peripheral facial palsy. csf protein analysis, viral and borrelia serology were performed. borrelia infection was found in 9/56 cases and was often associated with inflammatory csf findings. one patient each had serological evidence for a recent or ongoing infection with herpes simplex, varicella zoster, adeno, influenza b, echo and epstein-barr virus, but none had specific intrathecal antibody sy ... | 1991 | 1849336 |
| [hyaluronic acid and hyaluronidase in influenza]. | hyaluronidase and hyaluronic acid activities are markedly changed in influenza, these changes directly depending on the severity of the inflammatory process that depends on the presence of bacterial complications in influenza. the authors' findings correlate with the literature data on the blood mucolytic system status in various infectious diseases. the results recommend measurements of hyaluronidase and hyaluronic acid activities as an additional test for the early diagnosis of influenza compl ... | 1991 | 1862370 |
| detection of influenza viruses in throat swab by using polymerase chain reaction. | an assay protocol based on exploiting the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the direct detection of influenza virus in throat swab is described. by use of the mixture of h1 and h3 primers, it was possible to determine the subtype of the influenza a viruses simultaneously. no visible band was detected after pcr of influenza b or a (h2n2) viruses with a pair of h1 or h3 primers. the dilution experiment showed that the influenza viruses, as few as 1.3-6 plaque-forming units, were sufficient for d ... | 1991 | 1870441 |
| [rapid diagnosis of influenza virus infections from nasopharyngeal secretions]. | since virus isolation consumes a lot of work and time, and virus specific antibodies are not detectable before several days after the onset of illness we developed an enzyme immunoassay (elisa) for the detection of influenza a and influenza b virus antigen in nasopharyngeal specimens (nps). this test permits antigen detection within four hours. this elisa was tested with 119 nps from children, most of these between 1-12 years old. virus isolation in mdck-cells served as control. a total of 67 in ... | 1991 | 1870599 |
| a comparison of direct immunofluorescence, shell vial culture, and conventional cell culture for the rapid detection of influenza a and b. | direct immunofluorescence (fa) and shell vial contrifugation cultures (svcs) were compared with conventional tube cultures for the rapid detection of influenza a and b by using a commercial antibody. of the 439 specimens tested, 82 were positive by conventional culture (cc). the direct smear prepared from pelleted cells or direct swab material exhibited positive fluorescence in only seven (8.5%) of these cases, whereas the svc was positive in 30 (37%). the svc method detected 12 additional posit ... | 1991 | 1873971 |
| [detection of influenza b virus antibodies in different age groups using hemagglutination inhibition tests]. | antibody levels against influenza b virus were investigated by using hemagglutination-inhibition (ha-i) tests in 402 sera obtained from different age groups. hemagglutination antigens were obtained by production of influenza b virus (b/singapur/llc 6201) in trypsinized madin darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cell cultured and they were used in tests. in 355 out of 402 sera (88.3%) antibodies against influenza b virus were detected at titers varying between 1/20 and 1/1280. however in 47 sera (11.7%) no ... | 1991 | 1881357 |
| [influenza virus proteins: preparation of a soluble m1 polypeptide by means of a stepwise deproteination of virions]. | layer by layer uncoating of influenza a and b viruses with non-ionic detergent (np-40) at fixed ph was developed. treatment of virions with np-40 at neutral or alkaline ph solubilized the lipoprotein envelope and the surface glycopolypeptides ha1 and ha2, but the internal core structures containing matrix protein m1 remained. exposition of the cores in acidic media (ph 4,5 and lower) selectively solubilized protein m1 and released viral ribonucleoprotein (rnp). the resulting m1 sedimented in a g ... | 1991 | 1881394 |
| [the acceleration of experimental influenza b infection under the influence of gangliosides]. | the influence of mono-, di-, and trisialogangliosides on the dynamics of influenza b virus reproduction in human embryo fibroblast (hef) cell culture and human diploid cells was established. the cells were treated with neuraminidase of non-cholera vibrio for removal of natural receptors followed by treatment with gangliosides. virus reproduction was assessed by infectious titres for chick embryos and ha test of the culture fluid at certain intervals. gangliosides restored influenza virus recepti ... | 1991 | 1882518 |
| [the use of the immunofluorescence method for the rapid diagnosis of influenza during 1968-1988 in bulgaria]. | 1991 | 1882525 | |
| cross-reactive antibodies induced by a monovalent influenza b virus vaccine. | influenza viruses related to the markedly antigenically divergent strains b/yamagata/16/88 and b/victoria/2/87 are circulating in human populations. adults develop cross-reacting antibodies against recent and earlier influenza b virus strains after vaccination with b/yamagata/16/88, probably because of previous influenza b virus infections or immunizations. vaccines containing b/yamagata/16/88 should adequately protect adults against b/victoria/2/87 infections. | 1991 | 1885750 |