Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| microparticle-mediated rna immunization against bovine viral diarrhea virus. | infectious transcripts from the full-length infectious clone of the nadl strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) were used to vaccinate cattle and sheep against bvdv. in vitro synthesized rna delivered by microparticle bombardment with a helios gene gun initiated replication of bvdv and consequently induced humoral immunity against type i bvdv (serum neutralization titers, snt > 2(12)) and type ii bvdv (snt > 2(7)). the quality and long-term stability of the rna-carrier complexes was assess ... | 2001 | 11228372 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a virus type-specific peptide based on a subdomain of envelope protein e(rns) for serologic diagnosis of pestivirus infections in swine. | peptides deduced from the c-terminal end (residues 191 to 227) of pestivirus envelope protein e(rns) were used to develop enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) to measure specifically antibodies against different types of pestiviruses. the choice of the peptide was based on the modular structure of the e(rns) protein, and the peptide was selected for its probable independent folding and good exposure, which would make it a good candidate for an antigenic peptide to be used in a diagnostic ... | 2001 | 11230402 |
| application of single-strand conformation polymorphism to the study of bovine viral diarrhea virus isolates. | single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) analysis of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products is a genetic screening technique for rapid detection of nucleotide substitutions in pcr-amplified genomic dna or cdna. it is based on the observation that partially formamide-denatured double-stranded dna migrates as 2 single-stranded dna molecules when electrophoresed in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels. the mobility depends on the 3-dimensional conformation of the strand under the conditions us ... | 2001 | 11243363 |
| genotyping of bovine viral diarrhoea viruses isolated from cattle in northern italy. | following the first official report of a clinically severe outbreak of bovine viral diarrhoea disease occurring in a farm in northern italy, which had originated from the use of a live vaccine contaminated with a strain of bvd genotype ii virus, a retrospective study on the prevalence of bvdv genotypes in italy became highly relevant. for this purpose, the genotype of 78 bvdv-positive specimens, obtained in 1998-1999 from dairy cattle in an area near to where the outbreak occurred, was character ... | 2001 | 11243658 |
| diversity among bovine pestiviruses. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) isolates are characterized by an important genetic, antigenic and pathogenic diversity. the emergence of new hypervirulent bvdv strains in north america has provided clear evidence of pathogenic differences between bvdv strains. the origin of bvdv diversity is related to high mutation rate occurring in rna viruses but the consequences of mutations obviously depend on the genes which are involved. mutations in genes encoding for structural proteins of immunolog ... | 2001 | 11243683 |
| chimeric (marker) c-strain viruses induce clinical protection against virulent classical swine fever virus (csfv) and reduce transmission of csfv between vaccinated pigs. | two live recombinant vaccines (flc9 and flc11) against classical swine fever (csf) were evaluated for their capacity to reduce transmission of virulent csf virus (csfv) among vaccinated pigs. in flc9 the 5' terminal half of the e2 gene of the c-strain, a csfv vaccine strain, was exchanged with the homologous gene of the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) strain 5250, the e(rns) gene was exchanged likewise in the chimeric flc11 virus. both recombinant vaccines induce an antibody response in pigs ... | 2001 | 11163670 |
| development of a competitive elisa using a truncated e2 recombinant protein as antigen for detection of antibodies to classical swine fever virus. | the sequence encoding a truncated e2 glycoprotein of the alfort/187 strain of classical swine fever virus (csfv) was expressed in escherichia coli using the pet expression system and the recombinant product purified by ni-nta agarose affinity chromatography. the antigenicity of this recombinant protein was demonstrated by immunoblot using anti- csfv-specific antibodies. a monoclonal antibody was produced against the truncated e2 protein and used as competitor in an elisa for the detection of ant ... | 2001 | 11170845 |
| pathogenesis of primary respiratory disease induced by isolates from a new genetic cluster of bovine viral diarrhea virus type i. | the pathogenesis of infection induced by cytopathogenic isolates from the newly identified genetic cluster id of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type i was studied in two experimental infections of previously seronegative, immunocompetent calves. experiment 1 focused on the evaluation of clinical patterns, viremia, and serological responses. all infected calves in this experiment developed respiratory symptoms and seroconverted to bvdv positivity. contact calves also contracted a respiratory ... | 2001 | 11136763 |
| single-tube single-enzyme reverse transcriptase pcr assay for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus in pooled bovine serum. | a reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) was developed for use as a diagnostic screening test for the detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in pooled bovine serum samples. individual serum samples from 60 dairy cattle herds located in pennsylvania were evaluated by the microplate virus isolation method, and pooled sera were analyzed by rt-pcr. rt-pcr was sensitive and specific and detected a single viremic serum sample in up to 100 pooled serum samples. rt-pcr analysis of pooled sera provi ... | 2001 | 11136796 |
| inhibition of the bovine viral diarrhoea virus ns3 serine protease by a boron-modified peptidyl mimetic of its natural substrate. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is closely related to hepatitis c virus (hcv), and has been used as a surrogate virus in drug development for hcv infection. similar to hcv, bvdv-encoded ns3 serine proteinase is responsible for multiple cleavages in the viral polyprotein, generating mature ns4a, ns4b, ns5a and ns5b proteins. ns3-dependent cleavage sites of bvdv contain a strictly conserved leucine at p1, and either serine or alanine at p1'. the full length bvdv ns3/4a serine protease has been ... | 2001 | 12018682 |
| tissue distribution of bovine viral diarrhea virus antigens in persistently infected cattle. | the tissue distribution and cellular localization of viral antigens in three cattle with persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection was studied. in three cases, necropsy findings of oral ulcers, abmasal ulcers and necrosis of peyer's patches were suspected have been caused by bvdv infection. non-cytopathic bvdv was isolated from a tissue pool of liver, kidneys and spleen. immunohistochemical detection of bvdv showed that bvdv antigens were detected in both epithelial and nonepitheli ... | 2001 | 14614275 |
| comparison of the efficacy of virus inactivation methods in allogeneic avital bone tissue transplants. | several procedures for inactivating viruses are used presently in the context of bone tissue transplants. common methods used are gamma irradiation (25 kgy), treatment with moist heat (82.5 degrees c/15 min., lobator-sd2-system) as well as chemical sterilisation using peracetic acid-ethanol treatment (pes, 2% peracetic acid, 96% ethanol, aqua [2:1:1], 200 mbar, agitation, 4 hours). based on national and international guidelines, we tested the antivirucidal effectiveness of these methods in human ... | 2001 | 15256903 |
| pestiviral infections in sheep and pigs in northern ireland. | serological surveys were carried out to determine the prevalence of pestiviral infections in sheep and pigs in northern ireland. sera from 918 ewes in 92 flocks from 10 regions were tested by elisa for antibodies to border disease virus and positive results were obtained from 49 ewes (5.3 per cent) in 28 flocks (30.4 per cent). there were highly significant geographical variations in its flock prevalence ranging from 0 per cent in the enniskillen region to 70 per cent in the coleraine region. th ... | 2001 | 12503593 |
| antiviral effect of n-butyldeoxynojirimycin against bovine viral diarrhea virus correlates with misfolding of e2 envelope proteins and impairment of their association into e1-e2 heterodimers. | the iminosugar n-butyldeoxynojirimycin (nb-dnj), an endoplasmic reticulum alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, has an antiviral effect against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). in this report, we investigate the molecular mechanism of this inhibition by studying the folding pathway of bvdv envelope glycoproteins in the presence and absence of nb-dnj. our results show that, while the disulfide-dependent folding of e2 glycoprotein occurs rapidly (2.5 min), the folding of e1 occurs slowly (30 min). both ... | 2001 | 11264342 |
| seroprevalence of infection with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, bovine leukemia virus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus in maritime canada dairy cattle. | the purpose of this study was to survey the seroprevalence of infection with the agents of production-limiting diseases in dairy cattle in new brunswick, nova scotia, and prince edward island. in 30 randomly selected herds per province, 30 cattle per herd were randomly selected and tested for antibodies to bovine leukemia virus (blv) and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis), while 5 unvaccinated cattle over 6 months of age were tested for antibodies to bovine vir ... | 2001 | 11265187 |
| bovine viral diarrhoea virus genotype 1 can be separated into at least eleven genetic groups. | seventy-eight bovine viral diarrhoea viruses (bvdv) recently collected in austria, france, hungary, italy, slovakia, spain and uk were genetically typed in the 5'-untranslated (5'utr) and autoprotease (npro) regions of the pestivirus genome. seventy-six of the isolates were bvdv-1 and two french isolates were of the bvdv-2 genotype. phylogenetic analysis of the 5'utr (245 nt), including additional bvdv-1 sequences from usa, canada, germany, new zealand, mozambique and sweden, taken from genbank ... | 2001 | 11266221 |
| persistent bovine viral diarrhoea virus infection in us beef herds. | in the summer of 1996, we screened 18,931 calves in 128 beef herds located in five us states for persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection. of these, 76 herds were randomly selected from the client database of collaborating veterinary practices, and 52 herds were suspected by the collaborating veterinarians to have bvdv infection based on history or clinical signs. serum was obtained from each calf in the cooperating herds prior to 4 months of age and tested for the presence of bvd ... | 2001 | 11267691 |
| experimental infection of pregnant ewes with bovine viral diarrhea virus type-2 (bvdv-2): effects on the pregnancy and fetus. | the reproduction effects of bovine viral diarrhea virus type-2 (bvdv-2) infection were investigated in ewes inoculated with a non-cytopathic bvdv-2 isolate at three stages of gestation. virus inoculation was followed by a transient viremia, accompanied by a transient and mild hyperthermia and nasal discharge in a few animals. some ewes were sacrificed at different time-points after virus inoculation to study the kinetics of fetal infection. infectivity and viral antigens were detected in placent ... | 2001 | 11267789 |
| [outbreak of bovine virus diarrhea on dutch dairy farms induced by a bovine herpesvirus 1 marker vaccine contaminated with bovine virus diarrhea virus type 2]. | on 23 february 1999, the dutch animal health service advised all dutch veterinary practices to postpone vaccination against bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) immediately. the day before severe disease problems were diagnosed on four dairy farms after vaccination with the same batch of bhv1 marker vaccine. using monoclonal antibodies, bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) type 2 was found in the vaccine batch. this paper describes an outbreak of bvdv type 2 infection caused by the use of a batch of modif ... | 2001 | 11285633 |
| [detection of bovine virus diarrhea virus in a live bovine herpes virus 1 marker vaccine]. | in february 1999, 12 dutch herds were vaccinated with a live bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccine from which bovine virus diarrhea virus (bvdv) could be isolated. all vaccine batches that were on the dutch market and that had not yet reached the expiry date were tested for bvdv. in total, seven of 82 batches tested were found positive. batch numbers tx3607, vb3914, vb3915, vb4046, tw3391, and tv3294 were positive for bvdv type 1, and batch number wg4622 was positive for bvdv type 2. this latter batch in ... | 2001 | 11285638 |
| [vaccination of calves with contaminated batches of bovine herpes virus 1 vaccines did not result in infection with bovine virus diarrhea virus]. | the aim of the experiment was to study whether bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) marker vaccine batches known to be contaminated with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) type 1 could cause bvd in cattle. for this purpose, four groups of cattle were used. the first group (n = 4 calves, the positive control group), was vaccinated with vaccine from a batch contaminated with bvdv type 2. the second group (n = 4 calves, the negative control group), was vaccinated with vaccine from a batch that was not cont ... | 2001 | 11285641 |
| efficient translation initiation is required for replication of bovine viral diarrhea virus subgenomic replicons. | an internal ribosome entry site (ires) mediates translation initiation of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) rna. studies have suggested that a portion of the n(pro) open reading frame (orf) is required, although its exact function has not been defined. here we show that a subgenomic (sg) bvdv rna in which the ns3 orf is preceded only by the 5' nontranslated region did not replicate to detectable levels following transfection. however, rna synthesis and cytopathic effects were observed following ... | 2001 | 11287572 |
| factors regulating template switch in vitro by viral rna-dependent rna polymerases: implications for rna-rna recombination. | copy-choice rna recombination occurs during viral rna synthesis when the viral transcription complex switches templates. we demonstrate that rna-dependent rna polymerase from bovine viral diarrhea virus and the replicases from three plant-infecting rna viruses can produce easily detectable recombination products in vitro by switching templates during elongative rna synthesis. template sequence and/or structure, and ntp availability affected the frequency of template switch by the transcription c ... | 2001 | 11309487 |
| isolation of bovine viral diarrhea virus from a free-ranging mule deer in wyoming. | a noncytopathic type 1a bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was isolated from a free-ranging yearling female mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) from northwestern wyoming (usa). the mule deer was emaciated, weak, and salivating, and arcanobacterium pyogenes was cultured from lung abscesses. bovine viral diarrhea virus was isolated from lung, however, bvdv antigen was not detected by immunohistochemistry. the bvdv genotype was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and the rna s ... | 2001 | 11310881 |
| an inactivated bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) type 1 vaccine affords clinical protection against bvdv type 2. | this study was designed to answer to two distinct questions. firstly, is it possible to reproduce clinical signs of acute bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) type 2 infection including signs of haemorrhagic disease under experimental conditions in cattle at 20 weeks of age? secondly, what is the extent of the protection afforded by vaccination with an inactivated bvdv type 1 vaccine against bvdv type 2 infection? calves were vaccinated at 12 and 16 weeks of age with a commercially available inac ... | 2001 | 11312023 |
| noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus inhibits double-stranded rna-induced apoptosis and interferon synthesis. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a pestivirus of the flaviviridae family, is an economically important cattle pathogen with a worldwide distribution. both noncytopathic (ncp) and cytopathic (cp) biotypes of bvdv can be isolated from persistently infected cattle suffering from the lethal mucosal disease. the cp biotype correlates with the production of the ns3 nonstructural protein, which in the corresponding ncp biotype is present in its uncleaved form, ns23. previously, we have shown that cp ... | 2001 | 11312340 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize the palm subdomain of hepatitis c virus nonstructural protein 5b polymerase. | the nonstructural protein 5b (ns5b) of hepatitis c virus (hcv) is an rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) which plays an essential role in viral rna replication. antibodies that specifically recognize ns5b will have utilities in monitoring ns5b production and subcellular localization, as well as in structure-function studies. in this report, three mouse monoclonal antibodies (mabs), 16a9c9, 16d9a4 and 20a12c7, against a recombinant ns5b protein (genotype 1a, h-77 strain) were produced. these mabs ... | 2001 | 11325472 |
| genomic characterization of pestiviruses isolated from lambs and kids in southern italy. | a nested polymerase chain reaction was used to identify 13 pestivirus strains isolated from small ruminants in several mixed (sheep and goats) flocks of southern italy, and for classification as bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) type 1, bvdv type 2, and border disease virus (bdv) genotypes. of the nine ovine isolates, two were characterized as bvdv type 1, and seven as bvdv type 2. the four pestiviruses isolated from kids belong to bvdv type 1. none of the pestivirus strains tested could be cl ... | 2001 | 11337042 |
| evaluation of a blocking elisa for the detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) antibodies in serum and milk. | the performance characteristics of a blocking elisa test applied to serum and individual milk for the detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) were assessed using 1189 matched milk/serum samples collected from cows of 42 dairy herds located in brittany (west of france). this test was based on a monoclonal antibody directed against non-structural protein ns2-3 of pestiviruses. all tests were performed blind. for each type of sample, negative/positive cut-off values were dete ... | 2001 | 11348769 |
| rapid transplacental infection with bovine pestivirus following intranasal inoculation of ewes in early pregnancy. | despite the importance of congenital viral infections in both veterinary and human medicine, only limited experimental work has been carried out to elucidate the mechanisms involved in transplacental virus infections. to further an understanding of fetal infection with pestiviruses, the distribution of bovine pestivirus in the uterine and fetal tissues of ewes in early pregnancy, following a natural route of infection, was investigated. on the 18th day of pregnancy, nine ewes were inoculated by ... | 2001 | 11355657 |
| prevalence of genotypes 1 and 2 of bovine viral diarrhea virus in lower saxony, germany. | the aim of this study was to find whether an antigenic drift had occurred in lower saxony in the past 40 years. for this, the genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) isolates mainly from lower saxony was estimated by rt-pcr and sequencing of a 420 bp fragment of the e2 glycoprotein gene. sixty-one field virus isolates collected during routine diagnostics between 1960 and 2000 in lower saxony, northern germany, were analyzed. phylogenetic analysis allowed discrimination of genotyp ... | 2001 | 11376844 |
| highly sensitive one-tube rt-pcr and microplate hybridisation assay for the detection and for the discrimination of classical swine fever virus from other pestiviruses. | rapid, sensitive and specific laboratory diagnostic methods are necessary to confirm outbreaks of classical swine fever. the detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) and its discrimination from other pestiviruses can be achieved by virus isolation on cell culture, antigen detection, or molecular methods. to reduce the time and the number of steps in the diagnostic procedure a sensitive and rapid detection method based on specific amplification of the pestiviral rna by one-step reverse tra ... | 2001 | 11377717 |
| genetic typing of bovine viral diarrhea virus isolates from argentina. | genetic typing of 29 bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) isolates from argentina was carried out by sequencing 245 nucleotides of the rt-pcr products of the 5'-utr region. sequence analysis shows that these argentinean bvdv include types 1 and 2. the majority (26/29) of the isolates are type 1, which comprises subtypes 1a and 1b, together with an additional subgroup within subtype 1a. this subgroup is close to the south african subgroup ic of 1a viruses, and to the deer pestivirus strain "deer". ... | 2001 | 11390117 |
| preventing the spread of hepatitis b and c viruses: where are germicides relevant? | hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) are the most prevalent bloodborne pathogens. infections caused by these organisms can become chronic and may lead to liver cirrhosis and carcinoma. limited chemotherapy is now available, but only hbv can be prevented through vaccination. both viruses are enveloped and relatively sensitive to many physical and chemical agents; their ability to survive in the environment may not be as high as often believed. as a result, their spread occurs mainl ... | 2001 | 11391281 |
| [integrated disease control in dairy herds. a case study from the veterinarians' viewpoint]. | integrated control of bovine virus diarrhoea virus, bovine herpesvirus-1, leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo subtype hardjobovis, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and salmonella dublin in dairy herds may provide economic benefits superior to those obtained by sequential disease control, because, among other things, it allows optimization of voluntary culling. however, in practice there are no adequate instruments to establish priorities in voluntary culling. therefore, in this stu ... | 2001 | 11392987 |
| pathogenicity of a bovine viral diarrhoea virus strain in pregnant sows: short communication. | the biological properties of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) strain oregon c24v were studied after intranasal and subcutaneous infection of pregnant sows. this virus strain is widely used in hungary for immunising cattle against bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd). based upon the results of the clinical, gross pathological, histopathological and virological examinations it can be established that the given strain caused asymptomatic infection and serological conversion in sows that were in the seco ... | 2001 | 11402685 |
| [expression and characterization of 2 bovine viral diarrhea virus structural proteins (]bvdv)]. | the bvdv glycoproteins gp48 and gp53 were expressed in the baculovirus eukaryotic system. both recombinant proteins were recognized in western blot analysis by monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal serum. immunofluorescent test demonstrated that gp53 was localized on the cell surface whereas gp48 was in the cytoplasm. the expressed proteins were extracted by non-denaturing detergent treatment. rabbit antiserum raised against gp53 recombinant protein efficiently neutralized the virus. these result ... | 2001 | 11407016 |
| genomic and serological diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus in japan. | genomic properties of 62 field isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) collected from 1974 to 1999 in japan were investigated. the 5' untranslated region (utr) was amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and the 244 to 247 base nucleotide sequences were determined. serological properties were also characterized by the cross-neutralization test using antisera against the representative strain of the classified genotype. using phylogenetic tree analysis, bvdv 1 ... | 2001 | 11407396 |
| rna recombination between persisting pestivirus and a vaccine strain: generation of cytopathogenic virus and induction of lethal disease. | molecular analysis of a cytopathogenic (cp) bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) isolate (1741) obtained from a case of mucosal disease (md) led to the identification of five different viral subgenomic rnas in addition to a noncytopathogenic (noncp) strain (ncp 1741). for each of the subgenomes, a large internal deletion was found together with an inserted sequence encoding part of ribosomal protein s27a fused to an n-terminally truncated ubiquitin monomer. surprisingly, the two cellular insertion ... | 2001 | 11413291 |
| antigen-presenting cells from calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus, a member of the flaviviridae, are not compromised in their ability to present viral antigen. | the aim of this study was to assess whether the infection of antigen-presenting cells (apc) in vivo, evident in calves persistently infected (pi) with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), compromised their ability to stimulate virus-specific t cell responses. major histocompatibility complex (mhc) molecule-identical cattle were identified from the inbred family at the institute for animal health. one was pi and immunotolerant to bvdv. virus was not isolated from the remaining calves, which were ... | 2001 | 11413379 |
| [differential diagnosis of classical swine fever and border disease: seroepidemiological investigation of a pestivirus infection on a mixed sheep and swine farm]. | during recent years neutralizing antibodies against border disease virus (bdv) were found repeatedly in german pig herds. consequently there was a demand for a differential diagnostic system. a permanent sheep cell line and bdv reference strain moredun were chosen and were applied in a could be used case study. a pestivirus could be isolated from piglets on a mixed farm and was characterised as 'non-classical swine fever' (csf) by using monoclonal antibodies. due to a csf suspicion the pig herd ... | 2001 | 11417380 |
| [risk and economics of disease introduction to dairy farms]. | a more closed farming system will enhance the success of disease eradication programmes, because the introduction or re-introduction of infectious diseases is less likely. the objective of the study was to obtain input for the development of an on-farm decision support model to calculate the economic consequences of a more closed farming system. the input was based on bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1), since there were numerous data on this disease, but a more closed farming system will prevent introd ... | 2001 | 11436606 |
| mucosal disease induced in cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus by antigenically different cytopathic virus. | four cattle persistently infected with non-cytopathic (ncp) bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus were challenged with cytopathic (cp) bvd virus that was antigenically different from the persistent virus. two of the animals were injected with dexamethasone (dm) and then challenged. they developed mucosal disease on days 21 and 33 post-challenge. cp-bvd viruses were isolated from their lymph nodes but not from the sera. the isolates were antigenically different from the persistent virus and the nucle ... | 2001 | 11448036 |
| a bayesian approach to estimating the performance of a bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) antibody elisa bulk-tank milk test. | we investigated the operational performance (sensitivity and specificity) of a bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) antibody elisa bulk-tank milk test for predicting the herd bvdv antibody status in young stock (as a relatively precise indicator of active bvdv infection). the study was based on results from the annual screenings under the norwegian bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd) control and eradication program, lasting from 1993 to 1997. empirical information from these annual screenings was the ba ... | 2001 | 11448496 |
| relationship between degree of viremia and disease manifestation in calves with experimentally induced bovine viral diarrhea virus infection. | to compare degree of viremia and disease manifestations in calves with type-i and -ii bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection. | 2001 | 11453486 |
| cytokine adjuvancy of bvdv dna vaccine enhances both humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. | the effect of cytokine adjuvancy on a bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) dna vaccine expressing the major glycoprotein e2 was investigated in mice. murine interleukin-2 (il-2) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) were chosen for their potential ability to enhance the humoral and cellular immune responses involved in protection against bvdv. both cytokines, co-administered as separate plasmid constructs, had a marked effect on elisa and neutralising antibody titres, impr ... | 2001 | 11457549 |
| establishment of persistent infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus in cattle is associated with a failure to induce type i interferon. | the establishment of persistent infections with non-cytopathic bovine virus diarrhoea virus (ncpbvdv) is crucial for the maintenance of bvdv in cattle populations. also, super-infection of persistently infected individuals with antigenically homologous cytopathic bvdv (cpbvdv) results in fatal mucosal disease. persistent infection with ncpbvdv is established by infection of the foetus during the first trimester of pregnancy. it has been shown previously that foetal infection with cpbvdv does not ... | 2001 | 11457995 |
| the relationship between the occurrence of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease and titer changes to bovine coronavirus and bovine viral diarrhea virus in 3 ontario feedlots. | serological evidence of previous viral exposure (titer at arrival) and current viral exposure (titer increase) during a 28-day study period, was used to determine if bovine coronavirus (bcv) or bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was associated with the occurrence of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease (ubrd) in feedlot calves. neutralizing antibody titers to bcv and bvdv were determined for 852 animals from 3 ontario feedlots. calves at 2 of the 3 feedlots (n = 753) received a modified l ... | 2001 | 11480517 |
| the relationship between the occurrence of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease and titer changes to haemophilus somnus and mannheimia haemolytica at 3 ontario feedlots. | the association between exposure to haemophilus somnus and mannheimia haemolytica (formerly pasteurella haemolytica) and the risk of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease (ubrd) was investigated using serological evidence of exposure coupled with a factorial design vaccine field trial. measures of previous exposure (titer at arrival) and current exposure (titer increase in the study period) to these agents were used. the vaccine field trial involved systematic allocation of animals into gr ... | 2001 | 11480518 |
| the effect of infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus on the fertility of swiss dairy cattle. | bovine viral diarrhea virus is a major cattle pathogen with a worldwide distribution. animals may be infected with bvd virus transiently or persistently. transient infection leads to protective immunity. persistent infection is unique because it is associated with an immunotolerance that is specific to the infecting strain of bvd virus. persistent infection results from viral invasion of fetuses between the second and fourth month of development. such animals are of prime importance in the epide ... | 2001 | 11480613 |
| evaluation of a new sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus in unprocessed fetal bovine serum. | a new sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (s-elisa) kit that uses raw (unprocessed) fetal bovine serum (fbs) as the testing sample was evaluated for upstream bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) testing. pooled fbs samples (n = 84) were tested using the s-elisa. thirty serum samples originating from persistently infected (pi) calves that had been confirmed by virus isolation (vi) as bvdv positive and another 30 samples previously confirmed by vi as bvdv negative were also evaluated. of the ... | 2001 | 11482608 |
| high-level expression of hepatitis c virus (hcv) structural proteins by a chimeric hcv/bvdv genome propagated as a bvdv pseudotype. | a chimeric cdna genome was constructed in which the core, e1 and e2 genes of hepatitis c virus (hcv) replaced the core, e(rns), e1 and e2 genes of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). high levels of hcv structural proteins were expressed in a small number of human or bovine cells following transfection with chimeric rna. however, in one cell line, bovine embryonic trachea cells [ebtr(a)], the number of cells expressing hcv proteins increased to greater than 70% following serial passage of culture ... | 2001 | 11483222 |
| genetic analysis of the pestivirus nonstructural coding region: defects in the ns5a unit can be complemented in trans. | the functional analysis of molecular determinants which control the replication of pestiviruses was considerably facilitated by the finding that subgenomic forms of the positive-strand rna genome of bvdv (bovine viral diarrhea virus) are capable of autonomous replication in transfected host cells. the prototype replicon, bvdv di9c, consists of the genomic 5' and 3' untranslated regions and a truncated open reading frame (orf) encoding mainly the nonstructural proteins ns3, ns4a, ns4b, ns5a, and ... | 2001 | 11483722 |
| evidence for the presence of two novel pestivirus species. | the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae comprises four species, namely bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 (bvdv-1), bvdv-2, border disease virus (bdv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv). comparative analyses of partial sequences have suggested that pestivirus isolates from giraffe (giraffe-1) and reindeer (reindeer-1) are distinct from the established species (becher et al., virology 262, 64--71, 1999). in this study, we report the complete genomic sequences of pestivirus strains giraffe ... | 2001 | 11485413 |
| effect of maternal antibodies on induction and persistence of vaccine-induced immune responses against bovine viral diarrhea virus type ii in young calves. | to determine the effect of maternally derived antibodies on induction of protective immune responses against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type ii in young calves vaccinated with a modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type i vaccine. | 2001 | 11497051 |
| genotypes of pestivirus rna detected in live virus vaccines for human use. | live virus vaccines for human use, 29 monovalent vaccines against measles, mumps, rubella or polio, eight polyvalent vaccines against measles-mumps-rubella and one bacterial polyvalent vaccine against streptococcus pneumoniae, were tested by reverse transcriptase-nested pcr for the presence of petivirus or pestivirus rna. twenty-four samples were selected from european manufacturers, ten were from u.s.a. and four from japan. five (13.1%) out of 38 tested samples were positive for pestivirus rna. ... | 2001 | 11503899 |
| terminal nucleotidyl transferase activity of recombinant flaviviridae rna-dependent rna polymerases: implication for viral rna synthesis. | recombinant hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) was reported to possess terminal transferase (tntase) activity, the ability to add nontemplated nucleotides to the 3' end of viral rnas. however, this tntase was later purported to be a cellular enzyme copurifying with the hcv rdrp. in this report, we present evidence that tntase activity is an inherent function of hcv and bovine viral diarrhea virus rdrps highly purified from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. a change ... | 2001 | 11507207 |
| fluorogenic rt-pcr assay (taqman) for detection and classification of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | a single tube fluorogenic rt-pcr-based 'taqman' assay was developed for detection and classification of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). taqman-pcr was optimized to quantify bvd virus using the abi prism 7700 sequence detection system and dual-labeled fluorogenic probes. two different gene specific labeled fluorogenic probes for the 5' untranslated region (5' utr) were used to differentiate between bvd types i and ii. sensitivity of the single tube taqman assay was compared with two-tube taqm ... | 2001 | 11524161 |
| time to first calving and calving interval in bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) sero-converted dairy herds in norway. | dairy herds in møre and romsdal county, norway (regarded as initially free from the bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection) were studied retrospectively from 1992 to 1996. the herd reproductive performance (time to first calving, calving interval, and number of breeding services) was investigated for a potential effect of bvdv sero-conversion. the herd culling pattern--possibly affecting the above measurements--was included for investigation. two different statistical models were used: th ... | 2001 | 11530192 |
| study of the mechanism of antiviral action of iminosugar derivatives against bovine viral diarrhea virus. | the glucose-derived iminosugar derivatives n-butyl- and n-nonyl-deoxynojirimycin (dnj) have an antiviral effect against a broad spectrum of viruses including bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). for bvdv, this effect has been attributed to the reduction of viral secretion due to an impairment of viral morphogenesis caused by the ability of dnj-based iminosugar derivatives to inhibit er alpha-glucosidases (n. zitzmann, a. s. mehta, s. carrouée, t. d. butters, f. m. platt, j. mccauley, b. s. blumbe ... | 2001 | 11533162 |
| a cellular j-domain protein modulates polyprotein processing and cytopathogenicity of a pestivirus. | pestiviruses are positive-strand rna viruses closely related to human hepatitis c virus. gene expression of these viruses occurs via translation of a polyprotein, which is further processed by cellular and viral proteases. here we report the formation of a stable complex between an as-yet-undescribed cellular j-domain protein, a member of the dnaj-chaperone family, and pestiviral nonstructural protein ns2. accordingly, we termed the cellular protein jiv, for j-domain protein interacting with vir ... | 2001 | 11533209 |
| validation of a test for dams carrying foetuses persistently infected with bovine viral-diarrhoea virus based on determination of antibody levels in late pregnancy. | our objective was to estimate, using a generalised linear mixed-model approach, the sensitivity and specificity of an indirect elisa when used to identify dams pregnant with persistently bovine viral-diarrhoea virus (bvdv)-infected foetuses. cows that had been tested for antibodies to bvdv with a positive result during their pregnancy and where the offspring had been tested for both antibody and virus were identified by accessing the swedish bvd database and the official pedigree records. the re ... | 2001 | 11535280 |
| study of cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus that lack detectable virus in serum. | to determine whether cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) that lack virus detectable in serum by use of the immunoperoxidase microtiter assay (ipma) can transmit the virus to susceptible herdmates and determine prevalence of these cattle. | 2001 | 11549091 |
| recombination with a cellular mrna encoding a novel dnaj protein results in biotype conversion in genotype 2 bovine viral diarrhea viruses. | bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) exist as two biotypes, cytopathic and noncytopathic, based on their ability to produce cytopathology in cultured cells. cytopathic viruses arise from noncytopathic viruses following genetic alteration (insertions, duplications, rearrangements) within the region encoding the ns2/3 protein. in bvdv genotype 2, the majority of biotype conversions result from the integration of a cellular mrna into the genomic rna of a noncytopathic virus within the ns2/3 coding ... | 2001 | 11551646 |
| assessing the within-herd prevalence of cows antibody-positive to bovine viral diarrhoea virus with a blocking elisa on bulk tank milk. | milk samples from 135 herds in brittany were tested by a blocking elisa for antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and used to assess the relationship between the bulk milk result and the within-herd prevalence of antibody-positive lactating cows. this relationship was first quantified by using a general linear model and controlling for the number of cows contributing milk to the bulk tank, for the percentage of primiparous cows in the herds and for the number of milkings contributing ... | 2001 | 11554568 |
| development of multiplexed nucleic acid testing for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and hepatitis c virus. | in most western countries, blood donations are routinely screened for hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) or other nucleic acid tests. we describe the development of a multiplexed assay for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hcv in an internally controlled pcr suitable for large-scale blood donor screening. | 2001 | 11555468 |
| classical swine fever (csf) marker vaccine. trial iii. evaluation of discriminatory elisas. | the objective of the marker vaccine trial was to test the two available csf marker vaccines in scenarios which are likely to occur in the field and to evaluate the reliability of the discriminatory tests. the evaluation of the discriminatory tests was of special importance because there is no requirement for formal data concerning their performance by the european medicinal products evaluation agency (emea) in london. emea is responsible for the licensing procedure of the marker vaccines within ... | 2001 | 11557153 |
| testing of bulk tank milk from northern ireland dairy herds for viral rna and antibody to bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | bulk tank milk samples collected from 929 northern ireland dairy herds were classified according to their geographical location, somatic cell count and milk yield. each sample was tested by elisa for antibody levels to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and the herds were assigned to four groups with increasing antibody levels. in nine herds (1 per cent) no antibodies were detectable in the milk samples (group 1) and they were detectable at low levels in the milk from 90 herds (9.7 per cent, gr ... | 2001 | 11558660 |
| epidemiological pattern and risk factors associated with bovine viral-diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection in a non-vaccinated dairy-cattle population from the asturias region of spain. | a survey of bovine viral-diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection was carried out in a non-vaccinated cattle population from the asturias region of spain in 1997 to assess seroprevalence and identify risk factors associated with infection. twenty-eight herds were included; 529 cows were bled. information regarding the herd and each animal sampled were recorded through a personal interview with the farmer. the true prevalence was estimated to be 21%. according to the antibody-age profiles and the herd-ma ... | 2001 | 11566379 |
| distribution pattern of bovine viral diarrhoea virus strains in intensive cattle herds in italy. | the genetic variation of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) was studied by comparative nucleotide sequence analysis of 26 italian field strains collected during the period 1995-2000 in 18 cattle herds. a fragment within the 5'-untranslated region (utr) was sequenced directly from gel-purified products obtained by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. bvdv-1b (n=14), -1c (n=1), -1d (n=1) and bvdv-2 (n=2) strains have been isolated. most herds were infected by bvdv-1b. pairwise similar ... | 2001 | 11574174 |
| involvement of microbial respiratory pathogens in acute interstitial pneumonia in feedlot cattle. | to evaluate viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens and mycoplasma spp isolated from lung tissues of cattle with acute interstitial pneumonia (aip) and cattle that had died as a result of other causes. | 2001 | 11592313 |
| effect of calfhood vaccination on transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus under typical drylot dairy conditions. | to estimate transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and crude morbidity and mortality ratios in bvdv-vaccinated and unvaccinated dairy heifer calves managed under typical dairy drylot conditions. | 2001 | 11601795 |
| isolation and characterization of noncytopathic pestivirus mutants reveals a role for nonstructural protein ns4b in viral cytopathogenicity. | isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), the prototype pestivirus, are divided into cytopathic (cp) and noncytopathic (ncp) biotypes according to their effect on cultured cells. the cp viruses also differ from ncp viruses by the production of viral nonstructural protein ns3. however, the mechanism by which cp viruses induce cytopathic effect in cell culture remains unknown. here we used a genetic approach to isolate ncp variants that arose from a cp virus at low frequency. a bicistronic b ... | 2001 | 11602707 |
| localization of viral proteins in cells infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is a member of the genus pestivirus within the family flaviviridae. in this report, protein localization studies were performed to assess the mechanism for the release of mature virus particles from infected cells. since bvdv is an enveloped virus, budding from either intra- or extracellular membranes is feasible. a prerequisite for the latter mechanism is the integration of viral glycoproteins into the host cell membrane. using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) di ... | 2001 | 11602770 |
| genotypic characteristics of bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 strains isolated in northern italy. | two strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (bvdv-2) were isolated from calves in northern italy. variations in the 5'-untranslated region (utr) of the genome were studied by primary structure alignment and neighbor-joining method based phylogenetic tree analyses and by palindromic nucleotide substitutions at the three variable loci in the 5'-utr. genetic analysis indicated their appurtenance to genovar bvdv-2a. nucleotide sequence at the 5'-utr of strain bs-95-ii, one of the italian isolates f ... | 2001 | 11642277 |
| validation of a reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-npcr) to detect bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) associated with in vitro-derived bovine embryos and co-cultured cells. | sensitive rt-npcr assays can be used for the rapid detection of viruses. the objective of this research was to validate an rt-npcr assay for detection of bvdv associated with various samples collected from an ivf system. in 12 research replicates, we maintained matured cocs as negative controls or exposed them to 1 of 4 noncytopathic strains (sd-1, ny-1, cd-87, or pa-131) of bvdv for 1 h immediately before ivf. after 4 d of ivc, we harvested groups of 5 nonfertile ova or degenerated embryos (nfd ... | 2001 | 11665882 |
| estimating transfer of bovine virus-diarrhoea virus in danish cattle by use of register data. | to study how routinely recorded data (also called "register data") might be used in disease monitoring on a regional or national level, a database for bovine virus-diarrhoea virus (bvdv) was made from existing databases, covering the period january 1995-november 1999. this paper includes a general description of the database, including basic statistics for selected variables. information was largely complete for cattle herds in the milk-recording scheme (mrs), but only partly available for other ... | 2001 | 11679171 |
| the immunology of the bovine respiratory disease complex. | the bovine respiratory disease complex continues to be an economically important syndrome in an era when immunologic control is likely to become increasingly important. recent studies have yielded a better understanding of the interaction, at the molecular level, of various pathogens with the bovine immune system. improved challenge models for important viral pathogens such as bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus have provided evidence of the efficacy of immune resp ... | 2001 | 11692507 |
| masking of two in vitro immunological assays for mycobacterium bovis (bcg) in calves acutely infected with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | acute infection of calves, previously vaccinated with bacille calmette-guerin (bcg), with non-cytopathic viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) resulted in the temporary suppression of two in vitro assays used to monitor mycobacterium bovis infection. lymphocyte proliferation and interferon-gamma production by whole blood cultures containing purified protein derivatives prepared from mycobacterium avium (ppd-a) and m bovis (ppd-b) were markedly suppressed. the implication is that acute infections of cattl ... | 2001 | 11700926 |
| a swiss case-control study to assess neospora caninum-associated bovine abortions by pcr, histopathology and serology. | neospora caninum is one of the most frequent infectious organisms causing abortion in cattle worldwide. the present case-control study was designed to assess the importance of bovine neosporosis for causing abortion in swiss cattle and to identify selected risk factors. infection was primarily diagnosed by a n. caninum-specific pcr and serology, complemented with histopathology and immunohistochemistry. a total of 113 case and 113 corresponding control-farms were studied for 1.5 year. during thi ... | 2001 | 11705647 |
| the immunohistochemical detection of mycoplasma bovis and bovine viral diarrhea virus in tissues of feedlot cattle with chronic, unresponsive respiratory disease and/or arthritis. | the purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of selected pathogens in the tissues of a group of feedlot cattle with chronic disease (most often respiratory disease and/or arthritis). samples of lung and joint tissues from 49 feedlot animals that had failed to respond to antibiotic therapy were tested by immunohistochemical staining for the antigens of mycoplasma bovis, haemophilus somnus, pasteurella (mannheimia) hemolytica, and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). mycoplasma bovis wa ... | 2001 | 11708203 |
| the ns5a protein of bovine viral diarrhoea virus interacts with the alpha subunit of translation elongation factor-1. | a cellular protein that interacts with the ns5a polypeptide of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) was identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen. the ns5a interactor was identified as the alpha subunit of bovine translation elongation factor 1a (eef1a). cell-free binding studies were performed with chimeric ns5a fused to glutathione s-transferase (gst-ns5a) expressed in bacteria. gst-ns5a bound specifically to both in vitro-translated and mammalian cell-expressed eef1a. moreover, purified eef1a bo ... | 2001 | 11714969 |
| identification of pestiviruses contaminating cell lines and fetal calf sera. | three pestiviruses in fetal calf serum (fcs), a pestivirus in porcine st cell line, and two pestiviruses in two of five bovine cell lines were detected by rt-pcr method employing panpestivirus primers selected from the 5'-non-coding region (5'-ncr). the 288 bp products were sequenced in both directions. to identify these pestiviruses, their nucleotide sequences and those of reference pestiviruses were used for construction of a dendrogram. three viruses present in fcs and a virus present in the ... | 2001 | 11719986 |
| descriptive epidemiology of postnatal bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in intensively managed dairy heifers. | to evaluate risk of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection between birth and 9 months of age for dairy replacement heifers raised under typical dry-lot management conditions. | 2001 | 11724183 |
| characterization of rna synthesis and translation of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). | full length and replicon genomes of various strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) have been characterized. analysis of growth kinetics for a pair of cytopathogenic (cp) and noncytopathogenic (ncp) strains revealed that ncp strain synthesized viral rna at much reduced level compared to the cp strain. kinetics of translation and replication, the effects of bi-cistronic versus mono-cistronic genomes, and cis requirements for viral replication were also examined in a bvdv replicon d19c. impo ... | 2001 | 11724267 |
| virus neutralising antibodies against 22 bovine viral diarrhoea virus isolates in vaccinated calves. | seven of nine colostrum deprived calves, free from bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), were vaccinated with a commercially available vaccine containing two inactivated strains of bvdv, an inactivated strain of bovine herpesvirus-1 and modified-live strains of bovine respiratory syncytial virus and para-influenza-3 virus. the two other calves were kept as controls. the virus neutralising (vn) antibodies induced by vaccination were tested against 22 antigenically diverse bvdv isolates, including ... | 2002 | 11749137 |
| alpha/beta and gamma interferons are induced by infection with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus in vivo. | in contrast to the results of previous in vitro studies, experimental infection of calves with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (ncpbvdv) was found to induce strong alpha/beta and gamma interferon responses in gnotobiotic animals. these responses were associated with depressed levels of transforming growth factor beta (tgf-beta) in serum. the results of this study indicate that the immunosuppression caused by ncpbvdv is not associated with low interferon responses or elevated levels of ... | 2002 | 11752182 |
| viroligo: a database of virus-specific oligonucleotides. | viroligo is a database of virus-specific oligonucleotides. the viroligo database consists of two tables, common data and oligo data. the oligo data table contains pcr primers and hybridization probes used for detection of viral nucleic acids and the common data table contains the experimental conditions used in their detection. each oligonucleotide entry contains links to pubmed, genbank, ncbi taxonomy databases and blast. as of july 2001, the viroligo database contains a complete listing of oli ... | 2002 | 11752293 |
| [novel mode of action of ribavirin (rebetol), a drug for the treatment of chronic hepatitis c: inducting the mutation of rna viruses]. | ribavirin (rebetol) is an antiviral agent used in combination with interferon alpha-2b (ifn alpha-2b) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis c. ribavirin has been reported to have a broad-spectrum antiviral activity mainly against rna viruses. the effect of ribavirin was potentiated when administered in combination with ifn alpha-2b in an antiviral assay using bovine viral diarrhea virus as a surrogate for hepatitis c virus (hcv). inhibition of host inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and inhibi ... | 2002 | 12528471 |
| changes in distribution and numbers of cd4+ and cd8+ t-lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues and intestinal mucosa in the early phase of experimentally induced early onset mucosal disease in cattle. | mucosal disease (md), one sequelae of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection, causes severe lesions in lymphoid tissues and mucosal surfaces. lesions are associated with the presence of cytopathogenic (cp) bvdv and initially characterized by apoptotic cell death. the objective of this investigation was to determine if this cell death is mediated only by the cp bvdv, which is known to induce apoptosis in cell culture or if immune-mediated host reactions might also contribute. early onset m ... | 2002 | 12485357 |
| foetal protection against bovine virus diarrhoea virus after two-step vaccination. | in order to assess the efficacy of a two-step vaccination protocol with respect to foetal protection against transplacental infections with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) with special attention to bvdv-2 seronegative heifers were vaccinated with an inactivated bvdv-1 vaccine and boostered with a modified live bvdv-1 vaccine after 4 weeks. a second group was left unvaccinated as control. between days 30 and 120 of pregnancy the heifers of both groups were intranasally challenged with a mixtu ... | 2002 | 12485359 |
| pestivirus in cattle: experimentally induced persistent infection in calves. | twenty-two heifers were infected intranasally with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) between days 74 and 82 of pregnancy. all animals had developed serum antibodies against bvdv 5 weeks later. no clinical effects were seen in the heifers, and they all delivered a live calf. the newborn calves were generally small, appeared unthrifty as typical 'poor doers', and some developed secondary infections with diarrhoea and signs of respiratory disease. eighteen of the 22 calves were bor ... | 2002 | 12485360 |
| prevention of transplacental infection of bovine foetus by bovine viral diarrhoea virus through vaccination. | results are presented for an experimental validation of the efficacy of an eu licensed, inactivated bovine viral diarrhoea virus vaccine (bovilis bvdv). this study was designed to assess the quality of efficacy 6 months after a single course of vaccination (two intramuscular doses a month apart). a natural challenge at about 87 days of gestation by 3 persistently infected carrier heifers rapidly infected all experimental heifers. this resulted in transplacental bvdv infection of all 7 unvaccinat ... | 2002 | 12491111 |
| coinfection with bovine viral diarrhea virus and mycoplasma bovis in feedlot cattle with chronic pneumonia. | chronic, antibiotic-resistant pneumonia, sometimes with concurrent polyarthritis, occurs in feedlot cattle in western canada. the prevalence of mycoplasma bovis, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and haemophilus somnus was determined by using immunohistochemical staining of lung and heart tissue from 2 groups of animals with this history. mycoplasma bovis antigen was present in 44/48 cases submitted between 1995 and 1998 (retrospective group) and 15/16 of cases from 1999 (prospective group), and was ... | 2002 | 12497963 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1- and type 2-specific bovine t lymphocyte-subset responses following modified-live virus vaccination. | expression of cd25 (interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain) was used to monitor antigen-specific activation of t lymphocyte subsets (cd4+, cd8+, and gamma delta t cells) from cattle immunized with modified-live virus (mlv) bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) vaccines. two groups of 15 animals each were vaccinated with one dose of either bvdv genotype 1 (bvdv-1) or bvdv-1 and bvdv genotype 2 (bvdv-1/2). six animals negative for both bvdv antibody and bvdv virus were used as negative controls. three an ... | 2002 | 12584672 |
| imino sugars that are less toxic but more potent as antivirals, in vitro, compared with n-n-nonyl dnj. | imino sugar glucosidase inhibitors have selective antiviral activity against certain enveloped, mammalian viruses. deoxynojirimycins (dnjs) modified by n-alkylation to contain a nine carbon atom side chain (n-n-nonyl-deoxynojirimycin; n-nonyl-dnj, nn-dnj) were shown to be, for example, at least 20 times more potent in inhibiting hepatitis b virus (hbv) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in cell based assays than the non-alkylated dnj. these data suggested that modification of the alkyl side ... | 2002 | 12630678 |
| selection of a thiazole urea-resistant variant of bovine viral diarrhoea virus that maps to the rna-dependent rna polymerase. | by passing wild type bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in increasing concentrations of dpc-a69280-29, a thiazole urea class compound that inhibits bvdv replication, we were able to select several variants of bvdv that exhibited decreased susceptibility to this compound. when the non-structural genes of these variants were sequenced and compared with wild type, only one change was common to all the variants that also exhibited resistance to dpc-a69280-29 (>10-fold increase in ic50). this change ... | 2002 | 12630680 |
| the evolution of bovine viral diarrhea: a review. | the economic importance of bovine viral diarrhea is increasing with the emergence of seemingly more virulent viruses, as evidenced by outbreaks of hemorrhagic syndrome and severe acute bovine viral diarrhea beginning in the 1980s and 1990s. it appears that evolutionary changes in bovine viral diarrhea virus were responsible for these outbreaks. the genetic properties of the classical bovine viral diarrhea virus that contribute to the basis of current diagnostic tests, vaccines, and our understan ... | 2002 | 12561689 |
| seroprevalence of ohv-2, bvdv, bhv-1, and brsv in ranch-raised bison (bison bison). | serum samples were collected at slaughter from 226 24-30-month-old american bison (bison bison) bulls from kansas, minnesota, north dakota, and manitoba and assayed for antibodies to ovine herpesvirus type-2 (ohv-2), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine herpesvirus type-1 (bhv-1), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). antibodies were detected by serum neutralization for bvdv, bhv-1, and brsv, while antibodies to ohv-2 were detected by competitive inhibition-elisa (ci-elisa). detec ... | 2002 | 12680649 |
| inhibition of host er glucosidase activity prevents golgi processing of virion-associated bovine viral diarrhea virus e2 glycoproteins and reduces infectivity of secreted virions. | recently, it was shown that replication of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is sensitive to inhibitors of host er glucosidases. consistent with these findings, we report that incubation of bvdv-infected mdbk cells with the glucosidase inhibitor n-butyl-deoxynojirimycin (nb-dnj) reduced bvdv yields by 70- to 100-fold (n = 27), while having no effect on mdbk cell viability. however, the 70- to 100-fold reduction in infectious virus was associated with only a 2-fold reduction in genomic rna synth ... | 2002 | 12033761 |