Publications

human papillomavirus: the untreated male reservoir.	human papillomavirus infection currently is accepted as a major factor in the etiology of carcinoma of the cervix, vagina and vulva. while the nature of genital human papillomavirus infection in women is well documented, detailed knowledge of the disease in the male partners is lacking. therefore, a prospective study was done to define the disease in the genitals of heterosexual men and to formulate an appropriate plan of management. we studied 52 men during an 8-month period for evidence of gen ...	1988	2456403
quantitative keratinocyte assay detects two biological activities of human papillomavirus dna and identifies viral types associated with cervical carcinoma.	keratinocytes electroporated with human papillomavirus (hpv) dna (hpv-6, 11, 16 and 18) exhibited an increased cellular proliferation which was quantitated as microcolony and macrocolony formation. however, only macrocolonies induced by hpv-16 or hpv-18 dna (the two viral types most commonly found in human cervical carcinomas) gave rise to proliferating, poorly-stratified colonies when grown in the presence of serum and calcium. hydrocortisone increased the frequency of these differentiation-res ...	1988	2460337
continuous cell lines with altered growth and differentiation properties originate after transfection of human keratinocytes with human papillomavirus type 16 dna.	immortalization of human keratinocytes (hkc) by human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) is reproducible at a high frequency, is due directly to the presence of the viral sequences in the cells, and occurs independently from the genetic characteristics of the host cells. ten human keratinocyte strains, each derived from a different individual, were transfected with pmhpv16d and selected with g418. eight became established lines. two strains, which failed to grow shortly after successful g418 selecti ...	1988	2457456
selective suppression of human papillomavirus transcription in non-tumorigenic cells by 5-azacytidine.	the transcription of human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv 18) is selectively suppressed in non-tumorigenic hela x fibroblast or hela x keratinocyte cell hybrids by 5-azacytidine. in contrast, viral gene expression is not influenced by 5-azacytidine in both tumorigenic hybrid segregants and in the parental hela cells. the suppression mechanism seems to operate at the level of initiation of transcription since nuclear run-on experiments show the absence of elongated nascent viral rna, whereas the tra ...	1988	2457495
characterization of normal human exocervical epithelial cells immortalized in vitro by papillomavirus types 16 and 18 dna.	an in vitro system for studying the interaction between human papillomavirus (hpv) 16 and 18 recombinant dna and normal human exocervical epithelial cells is described. eight hpv-immortalized human exocervical epithelial cell lines were established; all the lines contained either integrated hpv16 or 18 sequences and expressed hpv mrnas. thus, integration and expression appear to be required for immortalization. immortalized cells (greater than 200 population doublings to date) divided rapidly (d ...	1988	2456144
characterization of primary human keratinocytes transformed by human papillomavirus type 18.	primary human epithelial cells were cotransfected with phpv-18 and psv2neo, and cell strains were generated by selecting in g418. one cell strain (fe-a), which exhibits an extended life span, is currently in its 30th passage. in comparison, control cultures can only be maintained up to the seventh passage. southern blot analysis revealed the presence of at least one intact, integrated viral genome in these cells. fe-a cells showed altered growth properties, characterized by a change in morpholog ...	1988	2452896
immunohistochemistry (s 100, kl 1) and human papillomavirus dna hybridization on morbus bowen and bowenoid papulosis.	in this study 55 paraffin embedded samples defined as bowen's disease or bowenoid papulosis were investigated with antibodies against s 100 protein and keratins (kl 1). s 100-positive cells were quantified and related to defined section area of the epidermal compartment by computer-assisted image analysis. the density of s 100-positive cells was compared with normal skin and was particularly related to growth patterns and keratinization of the different lesions under study. s 100-positive dendri ...	1988	2455378
expression of cytokeratin polypeptides in human papillomavirus (hpv) lesions of the uterine cervix: 1. relationship to grade of cin and hpv type.	a series of 74 punch biopsies, derived from 513 women prospectively followed for cervical human papillomavirus (hpv) infections (including hpv-ncin, hpv-cin i, hpv-cin ii, and hpv-cin iii lesions), and 43 control cases (consisting of normal epithelia, nonspecific cervicitis, and classical cin lesions) were analysed for expression of cytokeratin polypeptides using the abc technique and monoclonal antibodies sk 56-23 (wide-spectrum antibody), sk 60-61 (specific for keratins 8 and 18), and sk 2-27 ...	1988	2450850
condyloma acuminatum of the bladder in two autopsy cases.	condyloma acuminatum is a very rare lesion occurring in the bladder. we report two cases of condyloma acuminatum of the bladder found at autopsy, one in a 96-year-old woman and the other in an 80-year-old man. both had papillary or polypoid tumorous lesions in the trigone and neck of the bladder. the lesions were composed of nodular or papillary growths of squamous epithelium. the epithelium exhibited koilocytosis and the nuclei showed immunohistochemical staining for human papillomavirus antige ...	1988	2455958
analysis of hpv-1 e4 gene expression using epitope-defined antibodies.	six monoclonal antibodies (mabs) have been raised against the e4 proteins of hpv-1. five of these were found to recognize denaturation-resistant epitopes as determined by western blotting--and their binding sites were identified by determining their reactivity against a panel of bacterial e4--beta-galactosidase fusion proteins which contained progressive deletions at the c-terminal end of the e4 region. the five mabs were found to bind to four distinct sites. by using these epitope-defined mabs, ...	1988	2456213
penile studies and heterosexual partners. peniscopy, cytology, histology, and immunocytochemistry.	the male partners of 20 women with human papilloma virus (hpv) infection (subtypes 6, 11, 16, and 18) were studied. these men were unsuspecting and allowed investigation "for scientific reasons" in the context of the abnormal findings in their female partners. peniscopy (study of the penis with a colposcope) was abnormal in 17 cases. in the cytologic-brush preparations of the urethra, hyperkeratosis (visualized with the modified papanicolaou technique) occurred in all cases, but koilocytosis in ...	1988	2450635
comparison of the in vitro transforming activities of human papillomavirus types.	the association of certain human papillomavirus (hpv) types with the majority of human cervical carcinomas suggests a role for the virus in the development of this type of cancer. in this paper, we have examined the transforming properties of several hpv types where the early region genes of the virus are under the control of a strong heterologous promoter and show that major differences exist between the hpv types in their ability to transform primary rat kidney epithelial cells in conjunction ...	1988	2458921
accumulation of rna homologous to human papillomavirus type 16 open reading frames in genital precancers.	the accumulation of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16)-specific rnas in tissue sections from biopsies of patients with genital precancers was studied by in situ hybridization with single-stranded 35s-labeled rna. these analyses revealed that the most abundant early-region rnas were derived from the e4 and e5 open reading frames (orfs). rnas homologous to the e6/e7 orfs were also detected, whereas rnas homologous to the intervening e1 orf were not. this suggests that the e4 and e5 mrnas are de ...	1988	2824859
cloning and characterization of a papillomavirus associated with papillomas and carcinomas in the european harvest mouse (micromys minutus).	individuals in a colony of european harvest mice (micromys minutus) were diagnosed with a variety of skin tumors including papillomas, trichoepitheliomas, and sebaceous carcinomas. papillomavirus group-specific antigens and viruslike particles were detected in the papillomas. a 7.6-kilobase supercoiled circular dna, which was cleaved once by ecori, was visualized in papilloma extracts by low-stringency southern blot hybridization with a bovine papillomavirus type 2 probe. the molecule was cloned ...	1988	2824849
progression of the phenotype of transformed cells after growth stimulation of cells by a human papillomavirus type 16 gene function.	alteration of the growth properties of the established murine fibroblast cell lines nih 3t3 and 3y1 was studied in monolayer cultures and in cells suspended in semisolid medium after introduction of a cloned human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) dna. hpv 16 dna stimulated both cell lines to grow beyond their saturation densities in monolayer cultures without any apparent morphological changes or tendency to pile up. these cells were also stimulated to grow in soft agar. since essentially all the ...	1988	2824852
analysis of human papillomavirus sequences in cell lines recently derived from cervical cancers.	the dna and rna from four cell lines recently derived from cervical carcinomas (hx151c, hx155c, hx156c, and hx160c) were analyzed for the presence of human papillomavirus dna. each contained hpv-16 dna in a multicopy integrated form of varying complexity. each also expressed rna transcripts of similar sizes to caski cell transcripts. the splice acceptor position within the e6 coding region of the cell line hx156c was identical to caski, siha, and hela cells as well as a cell line derived from mo ...	1988	2825972
cervical lesions in patients with malignant melanoma.	koilocytes were found in the cervical epithelium in association with cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia in 8 out of 9 cases of malignant melanoma. this suggests that the cervical lesion in them was of viral origin. in 62 women with malignant melanoma but without cervical atypia there was also an excess of koilocytosis compared with controls with neither lesion. these findings point to the possibility that human papilloma virus infection may also be involved in the development of malignant melan ...	1988	2453994
epidermal langerhans cells, dermal dendritic cells, and keratinocytes in viral lesions of skin and mucous membranes: an immunohistochemical study.	we wanted to evaluate the eventual expression of viral antigens and mhc class ii products by keratinocytes as well as the alterations of epidermal langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells in viral lesions of skin and mucous membranes. therefore we investigated 68 biopsy specimens of protracted viral lesions, such as warts, condylomas, and mollusca contagiosa, and of rapidly resolving viral lesions such as herpes simplex virus infection. for this we used immunohistochemical staining techniques ...	1988	2466441
condyloma and intraepithelial neoplasia of the uterine cervix: a case-control study.	cervical condyloma and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia are related to human papillomavirus infections, some of which may be involved in the etiology of cancer of the uterine cervix. this case-control study was designed to assess the relation of age at first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, and cigarette smoking to the risk of cervical condyloma and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. cases and controls were premenopausal women under age 50 years who had been referred for examina ...	1988	3394700
simultaneously occurring condylomata acuminata, carcinoma in situ and verrucous carcinoma of the vulva and carcinoma in situ of the cervix in a young woman. a case report.	a case of simultaneously occurring condylomata acuminata, carcinoma in situ and verrucous carcinoma of the vulva and carcinoma in situ of the cervix was seen in a 26-year-old woman. in situ dna hybridization on sections of the condyloma acuminata and verrucous carcinoma yielded dna sequences for human papillomavirus 6.	1988	3404512
dna viruses and human cancer.	this review examines some of the evidence which aetiologically implicates various dna viruses (primarily papillomavirus, hepatitis b virus and epstein-barr virus) in certain human cancers (cervical carcinoma, primary liver cell carcinoma, burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, respectively). the evidence includes: presence of viral dna, rna and proteins in tumours (and cell lines derived from them); occurrence of viruses with apparently different oncogenic potential; their ability to t ...	1988	3292039
oral hairy leukoplakia among hiv-positive intravenous drug abusers: a clinicopathologic and ultrastructural study.	during a prospective investigation of oral lesions of 120 consecutive patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus, belonging to the intravenous drug abuser risk group and other risk categories, we observed hairy leukoplakia (hl) in 23 cases (19%). the median age of the patients was 27 years (range, 20 to 50 years). twenty patients were men and three were women. all but two of the twenty three patients used intravenous drugs for a median period of 6 years (range, 5 to 18 years) and were in ...	1988	3283634
natural killer cells in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and human papillomavirus infection.		1988	3382619
genital condylomas in pregnancy: use of trichloroacetic acid and laser therapy.	genital condylomas in pregnancy pose several management problems for the obstetrician, including the mechanical problems of large condylomas and the issues relating to transmission of the human papillomavirus to the fetus during delivery. transmission of papillomavirus occurs infrequently, but respiratory papillomatosis can result in mortality or lifelong morbidity. we evaluate our experience in treating condylomas in 32 pregnant women, using carbon dioxide laser therapy and 85% trichloroacetic ...	1988	3381865
cellular atypia in vulvar dystrophies.	we studied the frequency and distribution of cellular atypia in 448 cases of vulvar dystrophy. the total frequency was 9.4%. atypia was found almost exclusively in hyperplastic areas. epithelial changes suggestive of human papillomavirus infection were found in 14.2% of the atypical dystrophies. during the follow-up of 78 patients with typical dystrophy, mild atypia developed in three cases, but with the continuation of medical treatment it disappeared in two cases. eleven cases of atypical dyst ...	1988	3404515
[condyloma and contraception: the influence of contraception on the evolution of cervical lesions caused by papillomavirus].	the course of human papilloma virus infections is unpredictable. some cervical lesions regress, some persist, and some evolve toward cancer in situ. the factors governing their course remain unknown. 61 women with cervical lesions caused by human papilloma virus infections were monitored to assess the possible role of oral contraceptive use in the progression or regression of their lesions. 30 of the women used combined ocs, and 31 used another contraceptive method or no method. the women w ...	1988	12283008
enzyme-labeled dna probes.	many research workers and clinicians working in routine laboratories are now using the "tools" developed by molecular biologists over the past 10 years to produce dna sequences that can be used as probes to detect specific genes. thus it is possible to screen food for salmonella (1) or other organisms in a test much more quickly than conventional methods involving culturing the organisms. the presence of certain types of human papillomavirus in cervical smears can be used as an indicationof neop ...	1988	21424651
combined immuno- and non-radioactive hybridocytochemistry on cells and tissue sections: influence of fixation, enzyme pre-treatment, and choice of chromogen on detection of antigen and dna sequences.	conditions for combination of dna in situ hybridization, using biotinylated dna probes, with immunohistochemistry were investigated on cryostat sections, cytological preparations, and paraffin sections. we found that cryostat sections and cytological preparations are suitable for in situ hybridization of target dna after fixation in acetone, methanol, ethanol, or carnoy without further proteinase pretreatment. acetone is also very suitable for immunostaining of cell surface or cytoskeleton antig ...	1989	2467928
phosphorylation of the human papillomavirus type 1 e4 proteins in vivo and in vitro.	following incubation of hpv 1-induced warts in the presence of [32p] phosphate several of the e4-encoded proteins were found to be radiolabeled. two-dimensional isoelectric focusing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the 17k e4 polypeptides had incorporated [32p]phosphate whereas those of 16k were unlabeled. purified e4 gene products were separated by ion exchange chromatography into a large number of different species, which were of similar size but of diff ...	1989	2470193
a synthetic peptide defines a serologic iga response to a human papillomavirus-encoded nuclear antigen expressed in virus-carrying cervical neoplasia.	the growing awareness of the role of human papillomavirus (hpv) in cervical carcinoma has triggered a search for uncomplicated detection methods. to define a serologic response to hpv, we synthesized peptides based on sequences deduced from the genome of hpv type 16, the most common malignancy-associated type of hpv. one of these peptides reacted with iga antibodies present in sera from 24 of 33 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cervical carcinoma, whereas this peptide reacted ...	1989	2471193
expression in escherichia coli of seven dna fragments comprising the complete l1 and l2 open reading frames of human papillomavirus type 6b and localization of the 'common antigen' region.	molecular cloning was used to express human papillomavirus type 6b (hpv-6b) antigens in escherichia coli. seven genomic dna fragments of hpv-6b which together comprise the complete l1 and l2 open reading frames, known to code for capsid proteins, were cloned and expressed in e. coli as both beta-galactosidase and trpe fusion proteins. western blots of hpv-6b beta-galactosidase fusion proteins using 'genus-specific' antisera produced by immunization of rabbits with disrupted bovine papillomavirus ...	1989	2471790
androscopy: a technique for examining men for condyloma.	genital human papilloma virus (hpv) infections manifest themselves as condylomas. certain hpv virus types have been documented to cause cervical cancer and have been implicated in vulvar, vaginal, and some anorectal cancers. cervical cancer, then, is a sexually transmitted disease. men who carry the virus must be identified and treated if the spread of the disease is to be controlled. gross visual inspection is inadequate since the viruses with the most oncogenic potential (hpv types 16 and 18) ...	1989	2475578
simultaneous application of in situ dna hybridization and immunohistochemistry on one tissue section.	combined application of a non-radioactive in situ dna hybridization procedure and the immunoperoxidase technique on one tissue section is described. of six potential protocols, only one proved to be successful. first, the immunohistochemical procedure including visualization of enzyme activity is performed; the in situ dna hybridization protocol is then applied. using this protocol, several antigens, detected with monoclonal antibodies, and target dnas, detected by using biotinylated human cytom ...	1989	2476418
the e6 and e7 genes of the human papillomavirus type 16 together are necessary and sufficient for transformation of primary human keratinocytes.	the early human papillomavirus type 16 genes that directly participate in the in vitro transformation of primary human keratinocytes have been defined. in the context of the full viral genome, mutations in either the e6 or e7 open reading frame completely abrogated transformation of these cells. mutations in the e1, e2, and e2-e4 open reading frames, on the other hand, had no effect. thus, both the full-length e6 and e7 genes were required for the induction of keratinocyte immortalization and re ...	1989	2476573
possible cofactors in the etiology of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. an immunopathologic study.	previous work in our department demonstrated a reduction in the numbers of langerhans' cells in cervical epithelium showing histologic changes of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin). in conjunction with a localized reversal of the t4:t8 ratio of t-lymphocytes, that finding provides evidence of the association of epithelial immunosuppression with both hpv infection and cin. to investigate whether that phenomenon occurs primarily because of hpv alone o ...	1989	2478707
hpv-18 immortalization of human keratinocytes.	the oncogenic potential of human papillomavirus type 18 which is found in a significant number of cervical and penile cancer biopsies was tested in primary human keratinocytes derived from neonatal foreskin. viral dna and a gene for resistance to neomycin were introduced into these cells by calcium phosphate transfection. selection of cells in g418 led to the isolation of resistant colonies which were propagated in culture. four cell lines termed fe-a, feh 18l, fep18-5, and fep18-11 have been ma ...	1989	2479170
[polyclonal antibody to human papillomavirus-related antigens specific to epidermodysplasia verruciformis].	we have developed a polyclonal antibody for human papillomavirus (hpv)-related antigens specific to epidermodysplasia verruciformis (ev). using this antibody, immunohistochemical studies on 12 ev patients were performed. the polyclonal antibody was obtained from rabbits immunized with roughly purified virions of hpv from an ev patient. sections from 12 ev patients were treated with the polyclonal antibody and then the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method was used to observe the reaction. the observa ...	1989	2479785
inhibition of proliferation of lines derived from human cervical carcinomas by cytotoxic drugs and by recombinant interferons.	the authors studied the effects of recombinant interferons (ifn), doxorubicin, and cisplatin against three cell lines derived from human epidermoid cervical carcinomas. these lines were sw 756, containing the genome of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 18, and caski and siha, containing hpv type 16. ifn-gamma suppressed the growth of all three lines, with a plateau in inhibitory effect beyond a concentration of 1000 units/ml. ifn-alpha was effective in this regard only against sw 756. in this line ...	1989	2491828
intracellular localization and dna-binding properties of human papillomavirus type 18 e6 protein expressed with a baculovirus vector.	the e6 protein of human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv-18) is a putative zinc-finger protein that is expressed in hpv-18-induced genital neoplasias. we have studied the biochemical properties of e6 protein synthesized in large amounts with a baculovirus expression vector. when e6 protein was synthesized in insect cells infected with an e6-expressing baculovirus, the protein was localized to both nuclear and membrane fractions, with half-lives of 4 and 2 h, respectively. changing the first five amin ...	1989	2535738
the significance of atypical cervical cytology in an older population.	to ascertain the significance of squamous atypia encountered during routine papanicolaou smear screening in an older population, we reviewed 115 consecutive patients over age 50 seen during a 3-year period. evaluation included repeating the smear and performing colposcopy in all patients. colposcopically directed biopsy and endocervical curettage were performed when appropriate. sixty-seven patients (58.3%) had atrophy, 43 (37.4%) were normal, two (1.7%) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia gr ...	1989	2535763
heterogeneity in mrna of human papillomavirus type-6 subtypes in respiratory tract lesions.	we have analyzed the structure of viral transcripts in six hpv-6c-induced respiratory tract lesions, which included four benign laryngeal papilloma, one benign nasopapilloma, and one malignant tumor, in four benign laryngeal papilloma induced by hpv-6e, and in one benign laryngeal papilloma induced by hpv-6f. northern analysis and s1 nuclease digestion with subgenomic rna probes demonstrated that the major exon of 1050 bases had a 5' end in the e4 open reading frame and a 3' end in e5b. primer e ...	1989	2535896
the human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv18) e2 gene product is a repressor of the hpv18 regulatory region in human keratinocytes.	the human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv18) long control region (lcr) harbors transcriptional promoter and enhancer elements. recombinant plasmids bearing all or part of the hpv18 lcr cloned in enhancer or promoter configuration upstream of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene were transfected into human fibroblasts and keratinocytes. although the hpv18 enhancer can function in the absence of e2 gene products in both fibroblasts and keratinocytes, the promoter activity of the hpv18 lcr ...	1989	2476572
detection of iga antibodies against human papillomavirus in cervical secretions from patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.	although human papillomavirus (hpv) is involved in the etiology of cervical carcinoma, there are no cervical carcinoma-specific hpv serologic tests available. we investigated the presence of broadly cross-reactive iga antibodies to papillomavirus (pv) in cervico-vaginal secretions from patients with condylomata and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin). purified bovine pv (bpv) virions were used as antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). forty-two women whose ages ranged from ...	1989	2536005
human papillomavirus 16 dna in cervical cancers and in lymph nodes of cervical cancer patients: a diagnostic marker for early metastases?	human papillomavirus (hpv) 16 is most prevalent in cervical cancers and also persists in metastases. we examined hpv16-dna-positive primary cancers and several lymph nodes from each of 14 patients to evaluate the use of hpv16 dna as a diagnostic marker for the detection of early node involvement. the hpv16 dna was exclusively integrated in 39% of the primary cancers, predominantly episomal in 36%, and integrated and extrachromosomal to a similar extent in 25%. thirteen of 16 involved lymph nodes ...	1989	2536006
invasive cervical cancer and smoking in latin america.	a case-control study of 667 patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and 1,430 controls from four latin american countries showed an age-adjusted relative risk (rr) of 1.2 [95% confidence interval (ci) = 1.0-1.4] for women who had ever smoked, with risk rising to 1.7 (95% ci, 0.8-3.6) for women who smoked greater than or equal to 30 cigarettes per day. the associations were practically eliminated after adjustment for the number of sexual partners and alcohol consumption, prob ...	1989	2536087
activation of human papillomavirus type 18 gene expression by herpes simplex virus type 1 viral transactivators and a phorbol ester.	several viral trans-activators and a tumor promoter were examined for the ability to activate human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv-18) gene expression. a plasmid containing the hpv-18 noncoding region placed upstream of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene was cotransfected with different herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) genes into several cell lines. both hsv-1 tif and icp0 activated hpv-18 expression; however, activation by tif was observed only in epithelial cells, while icp0 s ...	1989	2536091
a cell mutant that exhibits temperature-dependent sensitivity to transformation by various oncogenes.	we previously isolated a fisher rat fibroblast mutant, b812, that has the unique property of temperature-dependent transformation by various oncogenic retroviruses. at the permissive temperature (35 degrees c), this mutant was sensitive to oncogenic transformation and formed foci on a dish at the same frequency as did the parental fibroblast cell line. when kirsten murine sarcoma virus (ki-msv) was applied to the cells, the frequency of focus formation decreased more than 25-fold at the nonpermi ...	1989	2479832
amplification and overexpression of c-myc proto-oncogene correlate with the loss of glucocorticoid dependence in rodent cells transformed by human papillomavirus type 16.	transformation of baby mouse kidney epithelial cells by human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 is dependent both upon the cooperating oncogene and on the hormonal conditions after transfection. with v-fos as the oncogene, the transformed cells require glucocorticoid hormone, such as dexamethasone, for proliferation. this requirement is lost on continued passage of cell lines, and the cells become dexamethasone independent. steroid-independent cell lines are also produced by growth of the hpv16/v-fos ...	1989	2482744
presence of catenated human papillomavirus type 16 episomes in a cervical carcinoma cell line.	human papillomavirus (hpv) is frequently associated with cervical carcinoma and derived cell lines. in primary tissues of the carcinoma, the viral genome may be present in episomal or integrated configuration. in cell lines, however, only integrated hpv sequences have been reported. in this article, we describe the presence of episomal type 16 hpv (hpv16), demonstrated by electron microscopy and two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis, in a cervical carcinoma cell line, cc7t/vgh, established ...	1989	2536104
human papillomavirus type 16 transformation of primary human embryonic fibroblasts requires expression of open reading frames e6 and e7.	human papillomavirus 16 (hpv-16) early genes were tested for their ability to transform primary human embryonic fibroblasts (wi38) or to extend the life span of the fibroblasts. the expression plasmids containing the transcriptional unit for the hpv-16 subgenomic dna fragments controlled by the simian virus 40 promoter were introduced into wi38 cells with the aid of neomycin selection, and the drug-resistant cells that survived long-term culture were characterized. the fragments containing e6e7 ...	1989	2536119
transformation of human cells by oncogenic viruses supports permissiveness for parvovirus h-1 propagation.	parvovirus h-1 has been shown to suppress spontaneous and chemically or virally induced tumorigenesis in hamsters. in human cell culture systems propagation of h-1 is restricted to transformed cells, which are killed by h-1 infection, in contrast to normal diploid cells, which are nonpermissive for h-1. by analyzing the permissiveness of a variety of human cells for h-1, it was determined that the majority of tested transformed or immortalized cells which were permissive for h-1 contained the dn ...	1989	2495371
human papillomavirus and anogenital neoplasia: a fresh look at the association.		1989	2536196
in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical study of human papillomavirus infection in adult laryngeal papillomas.	routinely processed paraffin sections from 20 patients with adult laryngeal papillomas were examined for the presence of human papillomavirus type 11 (hpv-11) dna and its specific mrna by in situ hybridization methods using 35s-labeled rna probes. immunohistochemical techniques were also used to identify papillomavirus genus-specific common antigen (pgs-antigen). hpv-11 dna signals and/or papillomavirus genus-specific common antigen were detected in all eight samples of multiple laryngeal papill ...	1989	2535884
expression of human papillomavirus type 16 e7 gene induces dna synthesis of rat 3y1 cells.	human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv 16) open reading frames (orf) e6, e7, and e6e7, placed under the control of dexamethasone-inducible mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat, were introduced into rat 3y1 cells, an immortalized fibroblast line, with the aid of neomycin-selection. the cell clones containing inducible hpv 16 orfs were selected and examined for dna synthesis. following induction of hpv mrna synthesis by the hormone, dna synthesis was stimulated in the cells containing e7 or e ...	1989	2535904
tissue site-specific enhancer function of the upstream regulatory region of human papillomavirus type 11 in cultured keratinocytes.	the human papillomavirus type 11 regulatory region was cloned upstream of a reporter complex and microinjected into nuclei of individual primary human keratinocytes. genital and laryngeal keratinocytes, normal host cells for this virus, exhibited higher levels of expression than cutaneous keratinocytes. we conclude that a papillomavirus enhancer(s) shows preferences among epithelial cells from different tissue sites.	1989	2536117
comparison of filter in situ deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization with cytologic, colposcopic, and histopathologic examination for detection of human papillomavirus infection in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.	material from uterine cervical scrapings of 98 women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were analyzed by filter in situ hybridization for human papillomavirus infection. concurrently obtained papanicolaou smears and colposcopically directed biopsy specimens were also examined for papillomavirus infection. hybridization was superior to cytologic and colposcopic examinations and was equivalent to histopathologic study for papillomavirus detection. infection with virus types 6 and/or 11 was as ...	1989	2536221
transmissibility and treatment failures of different types of human papillomavirus.	in order to evaluate the transmissibility and treatment failures of different types of human papillomavirus (hpv), we obtained biopsy specimens from genital lesions related to hpv in 113 women prior to laser therapy. sixty-eight had condylomata acuminata, 14 had flat condyloma, and 31 had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with or without condylomata. of 76 male sexual partners examined colposcopically, 58 (76%) had hpv-related lesions. all biopsy specimens were analyzed for specific type of hpv ...	1989	2536909
prevalence of genital papillomavirus infection among women attending a college student health clinic or a sexually transmitted disease clinic.	we examined 454 women randomly selected from a sexually transmitted disease (std) clinic and 545 consecutive college women undergoing annual examination. patients were examined for visible genital warts, koilocytes, and human papillomavirus (hpv) antigen on cervical smears and for cervical hpv dna types 6, 11, 16, 18, and 31. genital warts were found in 11% of std clinic patients and 2% of students (p less than .001). among those women without genital warts, hpv dna or antigen was detected in ce ...	1989	2536781
molecular diagnosis of genital human papillomavirus infection: comparison of two methods used to collect exfoliated cervical cells.	human papillomavirus infection is implicated as an etiologic agent in the development of neoplasia and invasive carcinoma of the cervix. to detect human papillomavirus infection of the cervix, cells must be collected and assayed for human papillomavirus-related deoxyribonucleic acid sequences. gynecologists and other clinical investigators generally use an exocervical spatula scrape and an endocervical swab for cell collection, analogous to papanicolaou smear collection. however, inadequate cell ...	1989	2537011
occult human papillomavirus infection of the uterine cervix in postmenopausal women.	occult infection is assumed when human papillomavirus is detected in the absence of unequivocal cytologic or histologic changes. in this study occult human papillomavirus infection in postmenopausal women was examined to determine if the histologic findings with such infections were indeed nondiagnostic and to compare the rate of occult human papillomavirus infection in this group with that in a younger age group. in five of 43 cases (12%) sequences homologous to human papillomavirus deoxyribonu ...	1989	2537012
epidemiologic correlates of cervical neoplasia and risk of human papillomavirus infection in asymptomatic women in brazil.	to investigate whether the epidemiologic correlates of cervical cancer are predictors of infection with genital human papillomavirus (hpv), we performed a prevalence survey in two metropolitan areas of brazil, recife and são paulo. the data records of four randomly selected hpv-negative women were matched on the basis of age, clinic, and admission period with those of each of 136 patients with positive hpv dna hybridizations. anal intercourse [prevalence rate ratio (prr) = 1.7] and current pregn ...	1989	2536815
apoptosis in bowen's disease. an ultrastructural study.	we performed ultrastructural studies of apoptosis (previously referred to as "malignant dyskeratosis") in a case of genital bowen's carcinoma in which human papillomavirus (hpv) type 33 genome was identified and in two cases of cutaneous bowen's disease with no detectable viral dna; herein we present the sequential stages in the development of apoptotic bodies. the apoptotic process in the hpv-containing genital bowen's disease was similar to that in the cutaneous lesions with no detectable hpv. ...	1989	2537046
numerous nuclear proteins bind the long control region of human papillomavirus type 16: a subset of 6 of 23 dnase i-protected segments coincides with the location of the cell-type-specific enhancer.	the long control region of the human papillomavirus type 16 genome is 856 base pairs (bp) long. it contains a cell-type-specific enhancer, a glucocorticoid response element, and sequences mediating the response to the viral gene products of open reading frame e2; all three regulate the promoter p97. we mapped binding sites of trans-acting proteins relevant for the cell-type-specific enhancer and other cis-acting elements by dnase i footprint experiments with nuclear extracts from hela cells. thr ...	1989	2536825
identification of human papillomavirus type 18 transforming genes in immortalized and primary cells.	the selective retention and expression of the e6-e7 region of human papillomavirus (hpv) types 16 and 18 in cervical carcinomas suggests that these viral sequences play a role in the development of genital neoplasia. each of three possible gene products, e6, e6, and e7, from this region of hpv-18 were examined for transforming properties in several types of rodent cells. we have found that in immortalized fibroblasts, both e6 and e7 (but not e6) are capable of inducing anchorage-independent gr ...	1989	2536832
papillomavirus polypeptides e6 and e7 are zinc-binding proteins.	papillomavirus proteins e6 and e7 have cys-x-x-cys repeats which have been suggested to mediate zinc binding. we have developed a modification of an assay that detects zinc binding to proteins immobilized on filters. using well-characterized metalloproteins, we show that, under reducing conditions, this assay distinguishes proteins that coordinate zinc through cysteine residues from those that bind the metal through other amino acids. under these conditions, e6 and e7 polypeptides of human papil ...	1989	2536841
optimization of human papillomavirus genotype detection in cervical scrapes by a modified filter in situ hybridization test.	optimal conditions for the screening of cervical scrapes for human papillomavirus (hpv) were investigated by using filter in situ hybridization. since integrated and episomal hpv can be found, cell lines containing viral dna in an integrated form (hpv in caski) or in an episomal state (bk virus-induced hamster tumor cells) were used for optimization experiments. an increase in sensitivity was achieved by alkaline denaturation and neutralization before the specimens were spotted onto the membrane ...	1989	2536384
detection of human papillomaviruses in exfoliated cervicovaginal cells by in situ dna hybridization analysis.	a total of 851 specimens of exfoliated cervicovaginal cells and 27 specimens of male urethral smears obtained from 706 individuals with various clinical findings were examined for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, and 33 by in situ dna hybridization analysis. the nonradioactive dna in situ hybridization method used in this study showed no detectable cross-hybridization either among different types of hpv (except between types 6 and 11) or between hpv dna and hum ...	1989	2536386
oncogenic and nononcogenic human genital papillomaviruses generate the e7 mrna by different mechanisms.	a new promoter located within e6 was mapped in human papillomavirus type 6b (hpv6b)- and hpv11-containing benign genital condylomata (genital warts). the rna transcribed from this promoter represented the major rna species colinear with open reading frames e6 and e7 and can encode the e7 protein. no equivalent promoter was active in hpv16-containing cancers and cancer-derived cell lines. in those, the major transcripts contained one of two different introns within e6 and the rnas could encode tw ...	1989	2536845
human papillomavirus infection.		1989	2536408
prognostic significance of the presence of human papillomavirus dna in patients with invasive carcinoma of the cervix.	cases of invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix were analyzed to determine whether the presence or absence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna in the neoplasms was a contributing factor to their outcome. the presence of hpv dna was evaluated using in situ hybridization on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. eighty-five patients with cervical carcinoma who had been surgically evaluated were included in the study. data from these patients was analyzed retrospectively to determine su ...	1989	2536587
identification of a transforming gene of human papillomavirus type 16.	previously, we observed sequential two-step alteration, growth stimulation, and progression to a more malignant state in nih 3t3 cells transfected by human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) dna. in this study, we prepared a cdna library from rna extracted from cells transfected with the hpv-16 dna and isolated cdna clones which had growth-stimulating activity. analysis of these cdna clones indicated that the e7 open reading frame alone is responsible for inducing both steps of this cell transforma ...	1989	2536847
study of multiple human papillomavirus-related lesions of the lower female genital tract by in situ hybridization.	twenty-six women with multiple human papillomavirus (hpv)-related lesions of the lower genital tract were investigated by immunohistochemistry for the internal genus-specific capsid antigen of hpv and by dna-dna in situ hybridization with 35s-radiolabeled probes for sequences of hpv-6/11, hpv-16, and hpv-18. the vulva was the most frequently affected site in all of these cases; the cervix was the second most frequently affected site. the lesions displayed the features of papillomavirus infection ...	1989	2536630
the multicentric nature of disease related to human papillomavirus infection of the female lower genital tract.	two hundred fifty-one consecutive patients from our colposcopy clinic were evaluated to establish the extent to which human papillomavirus (hpv) infection is a disease of the entire female lower genital tract. colposcopic examinations and biopsies of the cervix and vulva were performed on all patients. two hundred two women had cervical disease, of whom 164 (81%) also had vulvar disease. the percentage was the same regardless of the severity of the cervical disease. one hundred ninety-four of th ...	1989	2536908
detection of sexually transmitted diseases by urethral cytology, the ignored male counterpart of cervical cytology.	the detection of sexually transmitted diseases by urethral cytology was investigated in 270 men examined by urethral swabbing smears. each sample was used to prepare a wet mount smear and smears for staining by the papanicolaou, gram and methylene blue techniques. a fifth smear was used for direct staining with fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibodies for the detection of chlamydia trachomatis. the smears were examined for cytoplasmic and nuclear changes as well as for pathogenic organisms a ...	1989	2536992
association of human immunodeficiency virus-induced immunosuppression with human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.	human papillomavirus infection plays an important causal role in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma. the rate of infection with human papillomavirus as well as the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma are increased in immunosuppressed patients. we report a possible association between infection with human immunodeficiency virus and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with human papillomavirus infection.	1989	2537013
detection of human papillomavirus in formalin-fixed, invasive squamous carcinomas using the polymerase chain reaction.	we analyzed 88 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded invasive squamous carcinomas for human papillomavirus-related dna sequences (hpv types 16 and 18) following in vitro gene amplification using the polymerase chain reaction. hpv dna sequences were found in 35 of 50 (70%) carcinomas of the anogenital region, including four of four (100%) anal, six of eight (75%) vulvar, nine of 14 (64%) vaginal, two of five (40%) penile, and 14 of 19 (74%) cervical tumors. nine of 25 (36%) oropharyngeal squamous car ...	1989	2537583
the polymerase chain reaction: a new epidemiological tool for investigating cervical human papillomavirus infection.	the polymerase chain reaction is an in vitro method for primer directed enzymatic amplification of specific target dna sequences. the technique was used to detect human papillomavirus types 11 and 16 simultaneously in cellular dna recovered from cervical smears in 38 women referred for colposcopy to evaluate cytological abnormality and 10 women with no history of cytological abnormality. the polymerase chain reaction was shown to be both specific and sensitive in detecting human papillomavirus d ...	1989	2537123
abrogated nk-cell lysis of human papillomavirus (hpv)-16-bearing keratinocytes in patients with pre-cancerous and cancerous hpv-induced anogenital lesions.	natural-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against k-562 erythroleukemic cells and human papillomavirus (hpv)-16 harboring sk-v keratinocytes was tested in 38 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers and in patients with hpv-induced benign and malignant anogenital lesions: 9 persons with hpv-16-induced bowenoid papulosis (bp), 8 with anogenital carcinomas (5 with hpv-16- or 33-associated squamous-cell carcinomas of bowen's type and 3 with hpv-6-associated buschke-loewenstein verrucous carcinomas) and 12 ...	1989	2537261
papillomavirus and c-myc antigen expression in normal and neoplastic cervical epithelium.	cervical punch biopsy specimens or brushings were collected from 33 patients with cervical human papilloma virus (hpv) infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin), or invasive cervical carcinoma, and from eight control patients with recent normal cervical cytology. prostatic chippings obtained from six men with benign prostatic hypertrophy were used as further controls. biopsy specimens and brushings were assayed by flow cytometry for c-myc oncogene antigen and papillomavirus antigen exp ...	1989	2537854
inter-laboratory variation as an explanation for varying prevalence estimates of human papillomavirus infection.	human papillomavirus (hpv) infection has been strongly implicated as a cause of genital neoplasia. although southern blot dna hybridization techniques are regarded as the most accurate means of identifying hpv infection, studies using this technique to measure infection have provided varying estimates of the prevalence of hpv among healthy and diseased groups. this investigation provides a possible explanation for study-to-study differences, by demonstrating inter-laboratory variability in the d ...	1989	2537262
the human papilloma virus-16 e7 oncoprotein is able to bind to the retinoblastoma gene product.	deletions or mutations of the retinoblastoma gene, rb1, are common features of many tumors and tumor cell lines. recently, the rb1 gene product, p105-rb, has been shown to form stable protein/protein complexes with the oncoproteins of two dna tumor viruses, the adenovirus e1a proteins and the simian virus 40 (sv40) large t antigen. neither of these viruses is thought to be associated with human cancer, but they can cause tumors in rodents. binding between the rb anti-oncoprotein and the adenovir ...	1989	2537532
human papillomavirus (hpv) type 6 and 16 dna sequences in bronchial squamous cell carcinomas demonstrated by in situ dna hybridization.	a series of 131 routinely processed, paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens derived from the same number of patients with a bronchial squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed using in situ dna-hybridization technique with a probe cocktail containing 35s-labeled human papillomavirus (hpv) dna of types 6, 11, 16, 18, and 30. the 12 carcinomas shown to contain hpv dna by the probe cocktail were subjected to in situ hybridization with the specific hpv dna probes applied separately under high stringency con ...	1989	2537916
histopathology of skin lesions in renal allograft recipients--an assessment of viral features and dysplasia.	we report the pathology of benign and malignant skin lesions from 13 renal allograft recipients. the 59 lesions included 18 squamous carcinomas, 16 verrucous keratoses, 19 warts with varying dysplasia, three plaque lesions resembling those found in epidermodysplasia verruciformis, two non-specific keratoses and one basal cell carcinoma. we delineate criteria for histological assessment of the presence of human papilloma virus (hpv) and use the term verrucous keratosis for lesions in which there ...	1989	2540085
human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with renal allografts.	an increased prevalence of cervical cancer has been observed in immunosuppressed women, but controlled studies are rare. biopsy specimens from 49 women with renal allografts and 69 non-immunosuppressed controls (with no history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, vulval warts, or abnormal results of cervical smear tests) were assessed for colposcopic appearance, cytological and histological diagnosis, and the presence of human papillomavirus types 6/11 and 16/18 dna sequences. at colposcopy 2 ...	1989	2538174
human papillomavirus typing of penile condyloma.	infection with human papillomavirus has been identified as a significant risk factor for the development of cervical neoplasia. knowledge of the characteristics of infecting human papillomavirus in male patients is lacking. we studied 37 men who presented with genital condyloma to identify the clinical appearance of the lesion, histological features and human papillomavirus type as determined by deoxyribonucleic acid molecular hybridization analysis. of the patients 32 had penile shaft condyloma ...	1989	2538663
functional similarity between hpv16e7, sv40 large t and adenovirus e1a proteins.	we have analysed the immortalizing function of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) in a rat cell line which has been derived by immortalizing rat embryo fibroblasts with a thermolabile sv40 large t antigen and is temperature sensitive for growth. introduction of wild type sv40 large t antigen or the adenovirus e1a 12s gene product has previously been shown to readily overcome the inability of these cells to divide at the non-permissive temperature. in contrast, the introduction of myc, another ...	1989	2538790
correlation of the histologic appearance of intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix with human papillomavirus types. emphasis on low grade lesions including so-called flat condyloma.	cervical condylomas and intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) were correlated with human papillomavirus (hpv) types and analyzed for the presence of abnormal mitotic figures. colposcopically directed cervical biopsies were divided in half and processed for routine microscopy and southern blot hybridization. of 83 specimens from 71 patients, 70 (84%) contained hpv-dna sequences. the hpv distribution was as follows: hpv 16 in 6/25 flat condylomas (fc), 2/8 cin i, 8/18 cin ii, 12/14 cin iii; hpv 18 in 1/ ...	1989	2540101
human papillomavirus dna in adenocarcinoma in situ, microinvasive adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix, and coexisting cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.	previously, human papillomavirus (hpv) dna, mainly hpv-18 dna, was detected in more than 40% (17/40 cases) of invasive adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix in our laboratory. in order to identify hpv dna in the precursor lesions of adenocarcinoma of the cervix, 11 cases of adenocarcinoma in situ containing microinvasive adenocarcinoma and 10 cases of adenocarcinoma in situ were studied for the presence of hpv dna by in situ hybridization using highly sensitive 3h-labeled hpv-16 and hpv-18 dna pr ...	1989	2540102
cervical dyskeratotic cells as predictors of condylomatous changes on biopsy.	human papillomavirus (hpv) infections cause the koilocytotic and dyskeratotic cell changes seen in cervical smears. although the koilocyte is pathognomonic, the role of the isolated dyskeratocyte in predicting the presence of hpv infection is not yet defined. one hundred patients, ranging in age from 7 to 71 years (mean: 26 years), with a cytologic diagnosis of dyskeratotic cells and a simultaneous, colposcopically directed cervical biopsy, were studied to determine the tissue correlates of such ...	1989	2538985
human papillomavirus type 11 dna in squamous cell carcinomas and pre-existing multiple laryngeal papillomas.	the case histories of 4 patients are presented, who developed an invasive squamous cell carcinoma from pre-existing multiple laryngeal papillomatosis (two juvenile-onset and two adult-onset) during a long latency period. a series of 14 routinely processed, paraffin-embedded biopsies obtained from these patients (including both benign papillomas and carcinomas) were analysed using in situ dna-hybridization technique with 35s-labelled human papillomavirus (hpv) dna probes of hpv types, 6, 11, 16, ...	1989	2538994
human papillomavirus 6/11 and 16/18 in schneiderian inverted papillomas. in situ hybridization with human papillomavirus rna probes.	schneiderian inverted papillomas may be troublesome lesions for clinicians with propensity for recurrences. dysplasia is not uncommonly seen, and some of these lesions do progress to develop squamous carcinoma. the authors hybridized in situ seven inverted papillomas with rna probes to human papillomavirus (hpv) 6, 11, 16, and 18. four of these contained dysplasia, two were without dysplasia, and one contained invasive squamous cell carcinoma. five inverted papillomas showed evidence of hpv infe ...	1989	2539243
human papillomavirus type 16 dna in periungual squamous cell carcinomas.	ten squamous cell carcinomas (in situ or invasive) of the fingernail region were analyzed for the presence of dna sequences homologous to human papillomavirus (hpv) by dot blot hybridization. in most patients, the lesions were verrucae of long-term duration that were refractory to conventional treatment methods. eight of the lesions contained hpv dna sequences, and in six of these the sequences were related to hpv 16 as deduced from low-stringency nucleic acid hybridization followed by low- and ...	1989	2540354
vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a clinicopathological study of carcinoma in situ of the vulva.	thirty-two patients with carcinoma in situ of the vulva were analyzed with respect to age-specific incidence rates, associated human papilloma virus (koilocytosis and condyloma) changes, and multifocal, unifocal distribution of the lesions. the association of koilocytosis and condyloma changes in the neoplastic epithelium correlated with a younger mean age compared to those without human papilloma virus (hpv) changes (39 versus 67 years). also, patients with multifocal disease were found to have ...	1989	2539316
human papillomavirus infection of morphologically normal cervical epithelium adjacent to squamous dysplasia and invasive carcinoma.	we have begun a systematic study of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in colposcopically and/or morphologically normal epithelium of the uterine cervix. paired biopsies were taken from the lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [cin], condyloma, invasive carcinoma) and from the normal-appearing adjacent epithelium 3 to 5 mm from the edge of the lesion. myometrium or ectocervical epithelium from patients who had undergone hysterectomy for reasons other than genital dysplasia or malignancy ...	1989	2539320
search for human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus and c-myc oncogene in human genital tumors.	we tested grade iii cervical intra-epithelial neoplasms (cin iii), genital invasive carcinomas and healthy genital tissues for the presence of a number of viral and cellular parameters, considered to be risk factors in genital oncogenesis. the results show that: (i) about 30% of genital tumors had homology to hsv-2 bglii n and/or bamhi e dna fragments; (2) positivity to hsv-2-specific protein icp10, encoded by sequences within the hsv-2 bamhi e dna fragment, was detected in 29/55 neoplastic geni ...	1989	2539328
observer variability in histopathological reporting of cervical biopsy specimens.	sections from 100 cervical biopsy specimens were studied by 12 consultant histopathologists to determine the robustness of the existing pathology terminology and classification. analysis by kappa statistics showed good agreement in the diagnosis of cin 3 and squamous carcinoma but an inability to distinguish accurately between the lesser grades of cin. it is recommended that the classification be changed to low grade (present cin 1 and 2) and high grade (present cin 3) categories alone. there wa ...	1989	2539400
buffered formalin is the superior fixative for the detection of hpv dna by in situ hybridization analysis.	in situ hybridization is used commonly for detection of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna. there is little information, however, on whether the detection of hpv dna by in situ hybridization can be affected by the way in which the tissue is fixed. to address this question, the authors compared the hybridization signal using this technique under low stringency conditions for several genital condylomata containing hpv 6 or 11 that were randomly subdivided and fixed in various fixatives for 16 hours. i ...	1989	2539721
[oncogene of human papillomavirus].	although certain types of human papillomavirus (hpv) have been supposed to be associated with carcinogenesis of cervix, a definitive conclusion has not yet been reported. to show that hpv is a causative agent of cervical cancer, we performed several lines of experiments and obtained the results described below. 1) in attempting to identify an activated oncogene(s), we showed that cellular dnas from 8 cervical carcinomas induced transformation of nih 3 t 3 cells and, in all cases, hpv sequences w ...	1989	2539783
[biological significance of hpv sequences integrated into cancer cells].	in cervical cancer with integrated human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 or 18 dna, e6 and e7 regions of hpv 16 or 18 were always present, suggesting that these regions play an important role in development of cervical cancer. structure and biological activity of cdnas representing two types of hpv 18 transcripts in hela cells were analyzed. three open reading frames (e6, e6* and e7) were identified. these open reading frames were introduced into the expression vectors. among them, e7 alone provide ...	1989	2539785
association of papillomavirus with cancers of the head and neck.	one hundred one squamous cell carcinomas (scc) (study group) and 116 tissues without scc or papilloma from matched anatomic sites (control group) were evaluated for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna. squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue (18%), tonsil (29%), and pharynx (13%) specifically harbored hpv-16-related sequences. in contrast, the nose, mouth, and esophagus proved completely negative. in the larynx, a low prevalence of hpv-11/16-related dna was found in both cancers (5%) a ...	1989	2539843