Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| female marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) can be identified from the chemical composition of their scent marks. | the present study analyzed 42 organic solvent extracts of scent mark pools from five dominant female common marmosets by gas chromatography (gc) and combined gc and mass spectrometry. we determined whether there were qualitative or quantitative differences between the chemical composition of scent marks from individual females. gas chromatography and mass spectral analysis detected the same 162 chemicals in 86% (36/42) of scent mark pools from five dominant females. this near identical chemical ... | 2001 | 11418490 |
| functional imaging of brain activity in conscious monkeys responding to sexually arousing cues. | olfactory cues can elicit intense emotional responses. this study used fmri in male common marmoset monkeys to identify brain areas associated with sexual arousal in response to odors of ovulating female monkeys. under light anesthesia, monkeys were secured in a specially designed restrainer and positioned in a 9.4 t magnetic resonance spectrometer. when fully conscious, they were presented with the scents of both ovariectomized and ovulating monkeys. the sexually arousing odors of the ovulating ... | 2001 | 11447340 |
| bipolar cell diversity in the primate retina: morphologic and immunocytochemical analysis of a new world monkey, the marmoset callithrix jacchus. | the aim of this study was to identify the bipolar cell types in the retina of a new world monkey, the common marmoset, and compare them with those found in the old world macaque monkey. retinal whole-mounts, sections, or both, were stained by using dii labeling and immunohistochemical methods. semithin sections were analyzed by using quantitative methods. we show that the same morphologic types of bipolar cell as described for the old world macaque monkey by boycott and wässle (boycott and wässl ... | 2001 | 11494253 |
| ocular dominance columns in the adult new world monkey callithrix jacchus. | in the marmoset callithrix jacchus, ocular dominance columns (odc) have been reported to be present in young animals, but absent in adults (spatz, 1989). we have studied in juvenile and adult animals the postnatal organization of the retino-geniculo-cortical afferents by means of transneuronal labeling. we show in the present work that odc are present in the primary visual cortex of callithrix jacchus, both in the adult and in the juvenile animal. the present work confirms the presence of odc in ... | 2001 | 11497417 |
| prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) using a chimeric antagonist monoclonal antibody against human cd40 is associated with altered b cell responses. | inhibition of cd40-cd40 ligand interaction is a potentially effective approach for treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. we have investigated this concept with a chimeric antagonist anti-human cd40 mab (ch5d12) in the marmoset monkey experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) model. marmosets were immunized with recombinant human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (rmog) and treated from the day before immunization (day -1) until day 50 with either ch5d12 (5 mg/kg e ... | 2001 | 11509643 |
| short and mid-wavelength cone distribution in a nocturnal strepsirrhine primate (microcebus murinus). | strepsirrhines are of considerable interest for understanding the evolution of cone photoreceptors because they represent the most ancestral living primates. the retina of nocturnal strepsirrhines is reported to contain a single population of medium/long wavelength (mw/lw) cones whereas short wavelength (sw) cones are totally absent. the area centralis of nocturnal strepsirrhines also lacks the degree of central specialization seen in the fovea of diurnal primates. in this study of a nocturnal s ... | 2001 | 11559903 |
| the role of the primate amygdala in conditioned reinforcement. | conditioned reinforcement refers to the capacity of a conditioned stimulus to support instrumental behavior by acquiring affective properties of the primary reinforcer with which it is associated. conditioned reinforcers maintain behavior over protracted periods of time in the absence of, and potentially in conflict with, primary reinforcers and as such may play a fundamental role in complex social behavior. a relatively large body of evidence supports the view that the amygdala (and in particul ... | 2001 | 11567067 |
| differential effects of 6-ohda lesions of the frontal cortex and caudate nucleus on the ability to acquire an attentional set. | evidence from both human and animal studies indicates that catecholamine (dopamine and noradrenaline) imbalances in the fronto-striatal circuitry are associated with deficits in higher- order cognitive functions. the present study examined how catecholamines within this circuitry modulate attentional function, specifically the ability to develop, maintain, and shift an attentional set. catecholamine depletions within the frontal cortex of the common marmoset impaired the ability to acquire an at ... | 2001 | 11590111 |
| characterization of the expressed immunoglobulin ighv repertoire in the new world marmoset callithrix jacchus. | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus jacchus) is a member of the callithrichinae, a family of outbred new world primates with limited mhc polymorphisms and a propensity to develop spontaneous or experimentally induced autoimmunity. c. jacchus marmosets are susceptible to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae), and spontaneously develop autoimmune colitis and thyroiditis. such disease models approximate the complexity of human autoimmune disorders, and allow an investigation of the resp ... | 2001 | 11685468 |
| subtoxic hepatic vitamin a concentrations in captive rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). | although the rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) is a widely used experimental animal, its exact vitamin a requirement is unknown. an amount of 430-3600 iu/d [129-1080 retinol equivalents (re)] is recommended, largely on the basis of depletion studies. normal hepatic vitamin a appears to be 1 micromol/g liver. our goal was to determine hepatic vitamin a concentrations of captive monkeys. liver autopsy samples from rhesus and marmoset (callithrix jacchus) monkeys were obtained from the wisconsin regio ... | 2001 | 11694616 |
| methylmercury poisoning in common marmosets--a study of selective vulnerability within the cerebral cortex. | neuropathological lesions found in chronic human minamata disease tend to be localized in the calcarine cortex of occipital lobes, the pre- and postcentral lobuli, and the temporal gyri. the mechanism for the selective vulnerability is still not clear, though several hypotheses have been proposed. one hypothesis is vascular and postulates that the lesions are the result of ischemia secondary to compression of sulcal arteries from methylmercury-induced cerebral edema. to test this hypothesis, we ... | 2001 | 11695574 |
| monoamine oxidase-inhibition and mptp-induced neurotoxicity in the non-human primate: comparison of rasagiline (tvp 1012) with selegiline. | the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) has been shown to induce parkinsonism in man and non-human primates. monoamine-oxidase b (mao-b) has been reported to be implicated in both mptp-induced parkinsonism and parkinson's disease, since selegiline (l-deprenyl), an irreversible mao-b inhibitor, prevents mptp-induced neurotoxicity in numerous species including mice, goldfish and drosophyla. however, one disadvantage of this substance relates to its metabolism to (-)-meth ... | 2001 | 11716151 |
| nafenopin-, ciprofibroyl-, and palmitoyl-coa conjugation in vitro: kinetic and molecular characterization of marmoset liver microsomes and expressed mlcl1. | acyl-coa conjugation of xenobiotic carboxylic acids is catalyzed by hepatic microsomal long-chain fatty acid coa ligases (lcl, ec 6.2.1.3). marmosets (callithrix jacchus) are considered genetically closer to humans than rodents and are used in pharmacological and toxicological studies. we have demonstrated that marmoset liver microsomes catalyze nafenopin-, ciprofibroyl-, and palmitoyl-coa conjugation and that only palmitoyl-coa conjugation is significantly upregulated (1.7-fold, p < 0.02) by a ... | 2001 | 11716462 |
| bromocriptine administration lowers serum prolactin and disrupts parental responsiveness in common marmosets (callithrix j. jacchus). | the influence of prolactin on parental responsiveness was investigated in eight unpaired, parentally inexperienced common marmosets (callithrix jacchus; 6 female, 2 male). the marmosets were prescreened with infants (1-10 days of age) and required to exhibit short latency retrieval and infant carrying in at least three consecutive pretests as criterion for inclusion in this study. the marmosets were then administered the dopamine agonist bromocriptine (0.5 mg/0.5ml vehicle subcutaneously) and th ... | 2001 | 11243738 |
| characterization of the response to myelin basic protein in a non human primate model for multiple sclerosis. | the common marmoset callithrix jacchus (c. jacchus) is an outbred species characterized by a naturally occurring bone marrow chimerism and susceptibility to a form of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) resembling multiple sclerosis (ms). t cell clones specific for the myelin antigen, myelin basic protein (mbp), can be derived from both naive and immunized marmosets and can adoptively transfer eae to compatible chimeric siblings. here, we demonstrate that several different antigenic ... | 2001 | 11180112 |
| investigation of the sleep electrocorticogram of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) using radiotelemetry. | to evaluate the use of a totally implantable radiotelemetry system for recording the sleep electrocorticogram (ecog) of a small new world primate, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) without restraint during data collection. | 2001 | 11738198 |
| an extensive monoclonal antibody panel for the phenotyping of leukocyte subsets in the common marmoset and the cotton-top tamarin. | new world monkeys are valuable animal models to study human diseases. to determine the phenotype of cells involved in immune responses, we used flow cytometry to screen a large panel of anti-human monoclonal antibodies (mab) for cross-reactivity with cells of the common marmoset and the cotton-top tamarin. certain antigens (e.g., cd2, cd8, cd20) are well conserved. however, cd10, cd23, and cd33 showed a clear discrepancy in their reaction patterns in both species, indicating that significant dif ... | 2001 | 11746099 |
| rabies in marmosets (callithrix jacchus), ceará, brazil. | a new rabies virus variant, with no close antigenic or genetic relationship to any known rabies variants found in bats or terrestrial mammals in the americas, was identified in association with human rabies cases reported from the state of ceará, brazil, from 1991 to 1998. the marmoset, callithrix jacchus acchus, was determined to be the source of exposure. | 2001 | 11747745 |
| experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the new world monkey callithrix jacchus. | models that adequately reflect the complexity of human multiple sclerosis (ms) are needed, especially for preclinical testing of immunomodulatory drugs. our group has created a unique experimental system in a new world outbred primate, the common marmoset callithrix jacchus (c. jacchus). following immunization with myelin, these monkeys develop a chronic, relapsing-remitting form of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae), which pathologically recapitulates the hallmark features of lesions ... | 2001 | 11782255 |
| [horizontal transmission of live attenuated hepatitis a vaccine virus]. | to investigate the horizontal transmission of virus after inoculation with live attenuated hepatitis a vaccine. | 2001 | 11798919 |
| molecular cytotaxonomy of new world monkeys (platyrrhini) - comparative analysis of five species by multi-color chromosome painting gives evidence for a classification of callimico goeldii within the family of callitrichidae. | chromosome rearrangements are considered as "rare genomic changes" and can provide useful markers and even landmarks for reconstructing phylogenies complementary to dna sequence data and bio-morphological comparisons. here, we applied multi-directional chromosome painting to reconstruct the chromosome phylogeny and evolutionary relationships among the new world monkey (platyrrhini) species callithrix argentata, cebuella pygmaea, saguinus oedipus, callithrix jacchus and callimico goeldii. the res ... | 2001 | 11856883 |
| increased cannabinoid cb1 receptor binding and activation of gtp-binding proteins in the basal ganglia of patients with parkinson's syndrome and of mptp-treated marmosets. | recent evidence obtained in rat models of parkinson's disease showed that the density of cannabinoid cb1 receptors and their endogenous ligands increase in basal ganglia. however, no data exists from post-mortem brain of humans affected by parkinson's disease or from primate models of the disorder. in the present study, we examined cb1 receptor binding and the magnitude of the stimulation by win55,212-2, a specific cb1 receptor agonist, of [35s]gtpgammas binding to membrane fractions from the ba ... | 2001 | 11860478 |
| relations among measures of body composition, age, and sex in the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). | few studies of body composition have been done in new world primates. in the study reported here, four methods of assessing body composition (body weight, anthropometry, labeled-water dilution, and total body electroconductivity) were compared in 20 marmosets, aged 0.96 to 7.97 years. males and females did not differ in any measure (p > 0.05). body weight ranged from 272 to 466 g, and body fat estimates varied from 1.6 to 19.5%. strong positive correlations were observed between total body water ... | 2001 | 11924775 |
| molecular cloning of three nonhuman primate follicle stimulating hormone beta-subunit cdnas. | the follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) beta-subunit cdnas were cloned and sequenced for an old world primate, the rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta), and two new world primates, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) and pygmy marmoset (cebuella pygmaea). the cdna and predicted amino acid sequences of the rhesus monkey fsh beta-subunit were related most closely to the human fsh beta-subunit (> 96% identity). the common and pygmy marmosets have identical fsh beta-subunit cdnas, whereas the marmoset ... | 2001 | 11990528 |
| quantitative analysis of spermatogenesis and apoptosis in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) reveals high rates of spermatogonial turnover and high spermatogenic efficiency. | spermatogenesis is characterized by the succession in time and space of specific germ cell associations (stages). there can be a single stage (e.g., rodents and some macaques) or more than one stage (e.g., chimpanzee and human) per tubular cross section. we analyzed the organization of the seminiferous epithelium and quantified testicular germ cell production and apoptosis in a new world primate, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). tubule cross sections contained more than one stage, and t ... | 2001 | 11133666 |
| visual discrimination learning impairments produced by combined transections of the anterior temporal stem, amygdala and fornix in marmoset monkeys. | marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) with bilateral transections of the anterior temporal stem, amygdala and fornix were unable to relearn a 2-choice object discrimination first learnt prior to surgery, and were very severely impaired at relearning a concurrent object discrimination task which they had learnt and relearnt prior to surgery, indicating that they had a dense retrograde amnesia. they also had difficulty learning new visual object discriminations but were only mildly impaired on spa ... | 2001 | 11146050 |
| an epstein-barr-related herpesvirus from marmoset lymphomas. | epstein-barr virus (ebv) is implicated in the development of human b cell lymphomas and carcinomas. although related oncogenic herpesviruses were believed to be endemic only in old world primate species, we now find these viruses to be endemic in new world primates. we have isolated a transforming, ebv-related virus from spontaneous b cell lymphomas of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). sequencing of two-thirds of the genome reveals considerable divergence from the genomes of ebv and old wor ... | 2001 | 11158621 |
| mechanisms of estradiol inactivation in primate endometrium. | in uterine endometrium, the level of estradiol is controlled by oxidative 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17hsd) activity which converts the bioactive hormone to the less active compound estrone. at least three different types of 17hsd (types 2, 4 and 8) use estradiol as their preferred substrate and may contribute to the overall rate of estradiol-inactivation in the uterus. in this study the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) was used for the investigation of the particular contribution ... | 2001 | 11165027 |
| expression of the estradiol-synthesizing 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases type 1 and type 7 in the nonhuman primate callithrix jacchus. | the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) was used as a primate model for the study of the expression of the estradiol synthesizing enzymes 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and type 7 (17hsd1 and 17hsd7). the tissue-specific expression of 17hsd1 and 17hsd7 mrna in callithrix jacchus and human as shown by northern blot analysis revealed strong similarities between the two species. after cloning of the marmoset-specific coding cdna sequence of 17hsd7 a similarity of 95% to the know ... | 2001 | 11165028 |
| comparative expression of hedonic impact: affective reactions to taste by human infants and other primates. | this study examines behavioral affective reactions elicited by tastes from eight newborn human infants, and from 27 other infant or adult primates. non-human primates belonged to 11 species: three great apes (chimpanzee, orangutan, gorilla), three old world monkeys (rhesus monkey, greater spot-nosed monkey, and red-capped mangabey), four new world monkeys (golden-handed tamarin, cotton-top tamarin, white tufted-ear marmoset, and humboldt's night monkey), and one lemur (mongoose lemur). the taste ... | 2001 | 11166078 |
| glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor concentration dependently improves disability and motor activity in mptp-treated common marmosets. | glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (gdnf) has previously reduced motor deficits and preserved nigral dopamine neurones in rhesus monkeys with a unilateral mptp-induced lesion of substantia nigra. we now report on the ability of gdnf to reverse motor deficits induced by parenteral administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) to common marmosets resulting in bilateral degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway. prior to gdnf administration, all mptp-treated animals ... | 2001 | 11166735 |
| working memory of action: a comparative study of ability to selecting response based on previous action in new world monkeys (saimiri sciureus and callithrix jacchus). | working memory of the outcome of one's own action is important for organizing and learning appropriate behaviors in a given condition. to examine whether non-human primates with different neocortical sizes show different abilities regarding working memory for action, the performance of squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) and common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) in a kind of delayed-response task was compared. in this task, subjects were required to select a response based on short-term memory o ... | 2002 | 12044691 |
| prevention of thecal angiogenesis, antral follicular growth, and ovulation in the primate by treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor trap r1r2. | this study was designed to investigate the effects of inhibition of thecal angiogenesis on follicular development in the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). to inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf), a soluble combined truncated form of the fms-like tyrosine kinase (flt) and kinase insert domain-containing receptor (kdr) receptor fused to igg (vegf trap r1r2) was administered for 10 d during the follicular phase of the cycle. changes in angiogenesis and follicular cell proliferation ... | 2002 | 12072415 |
| characterization of an epstein-barr virus-related gammaherpesvirus from common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | a gammaherpesvirus related to epstein-barr virus (ebv; human herpesvirus 4) infects otherwise healthy common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). long-term culture of common marmoset peripheral blood lymphocytes resulted in outgrowth of spontaneously immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines, primarily of b cell lineage. electron microscopy of cells and supernatants showed herpesvirus particles. there were high rates of serological cross-reactivity to other herpesviruses (68-86%), but with very low geom ... | 2002 | 12075080 |
| early deprivation and behavioral and physiological responses to social separation/novelty in the marmoset. | long-term effects of adverse early environment on neurobehavioral development have been reported for rodents and primates. the present study used daily early deprivation (ed), a paradigm developed for rats, for the first time in a nonhuman primate, the common marmoset, and investigated its effects on the behavioral and physiological responses to social separation/novelty (ssn) challenge tests in juveniles. on postnatal days (pnds) 2-28, infants (n=5 twin pairs) were removed from the parents and ... | 2002 | 12076744 |
| morphological characteristics of c1 and c2 adrenergic neurone groups in marmoset monkey brainstem by using antibody against phenylethanolamine-n-methyltransferase. | this work describes a mapping study of phenylethanolamine-n-methyltransferase (pnmt) immunoreactive neurones and fibres in the medulla oblongata of the marmoset monkey, callithrix jacchus. two groups of pnmt-immunoreactive neurones were found in the marmoset monkey medulla oblongata: a ventrolateral (c1 group) and a dorsomedial pnmt-immunoreactive cells group (c2 group). the pnmt-immunoreactive cells in the ventrolateral group c1 were found to be located around the lateral reticular nucleus. the ... | 2002 | 12693759 |
| representation of spectral and temporal envelope of twitter vocalizations in common marmoset primary auditory cortex. | cortical sensitivity in representations of behaviorally relevant complex input signals was examined in recordings from primary auditory cortical neurons (ai) in adult, barbiturate-anesthetized common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus). we studied the robustness of distributed responses to natural and degraded forms of twitter calls, social contact vocalizations comprising several quasi-periodic phrases of frequency and am. we recorded neuronal responses to a monkey's own twitter call (moc), d ... | 2002 | 11929894 |
| experimental hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in callithrix jacchus: early detection of hav antigen and viral fate. | common marmosets (callithrixjacchus) were orally inoculated with a brazilian strain (haf-203) of hepatitis a virus (hay). three monkeys were euthanized at postinoculation hours 6, 12 and 24 to investigate the early events of hav infection. following others three inoculated and one control marmosets remained throughout the 46 day to evaluation of viral excretion. different samples were collected to detect sequential presence of hav rna by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt ... | 2002 | 11930901 |
| the distribution of presumptive thoracic paraganglionic tissue in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the aortic-pulmonary regions (apr) of seven adult marmosets (callithrix jacchus) and the region of the right subclavian artery of a further three marmosets were diffusion-fixed with 10% buffered formol-saline solution. in both regions serial 5 microm sections were cut and stained by the martius yellow, brilliant crystal scarlet and soluble blue method. presumptive thoracic paraganglionic (ptp) tissue was only observed in the apr. ptp tissue was composed of small groups of cells that varied in si ... | 2002 | 11960192 |
| marmoset fine b cell and t cell epitope specificities mapped onto a homology model of the extracellular domain of human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. | aberrant association of autoantibodies with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (mog), an integral membrane protein of the central nervous system (cns) myelin, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (ms). sensitization of nonhuman primates (callithrix jacchus marmosets) against the nonglycosylated, recombinant n-terminal domain of rat mog (residues 1-125) reproduces an ms-like disease in which mog-specific autoantibodies directly mediate demyelination. to assess the interr ... | 2002 | 11895369 |
| tardive dyskinesia model in the common marmoset. | thirteen adult common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) were given once-monthly injections of haloperidol decanoate (5-15 mg/kg i.m.) for one year. thereafter, drug-free and treatment periods alternated at 3-month intervals. after 2.5 to 14 months, 12 monkeys showed symptoms of tardive dyskinesia (td), such as periocular and perioral twitchings, tongue protrusions, masticatory movements, and choreic movements in arms and legs. when td symptoms were evident, the periodic treatment was interrupted an ... | 2002 | 11921124 |
| the nucleotide sequences of the parathyroid gene in primates (suborder anthropoidea). | nucleotide sequences of the parathyroid (pth) gene of 12 species of primates belonging to suborder anthropoidea were examined. the pth gene contains one intron that separates two exons that code the sequence of prepro and pth, respectively. the intron of the pth gene in cebus apella, callithrix jacchus, and saguinus oedipus was 102 bp long, whereas a 103-bp intron was observed in the remaining species. phylogenetic analysis using the nucleotide sequences of pth revealed that these 12 species of ... | 2002 | 11825036 |
| development of pituitary-adrenal endocrine function in the marmoset monkey: infant hypercortisolism is the norm. | early life stress, involving activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) system, is associated with altered functioning of stress-related systems in adulthood. in the rat, postnatal development is characterized by low basal hpa activity and stress hyporesponsiveness, and infant exposure to atypical glucocorticoid levels leads to chronic alteration of hpa function and hpa-dependent peripheral and central processes. there have been few studies of primate hpa ontogeny, and here we report ... | 2002 | 11836307 |
| amyloid-beta deposits in the cerebral cortex of the aged common marmoset (callithrix jacchus): incidence and chemical composition. | the incidence, distribution and chemical composition of amyloid-beta (a beta) peptide-positive deposits were investigated in the lower primate species common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). no a beta deposits were observed in the brains of 7 marmosets below 7 years of age. in 15 marmosets above 7 years, 60% displayed cortical a beta-immunoreactive plaques, 80% had a beta deposited in intracortical vessels and 87% displayed a beta deposits in meningeal vessels. the cerebral cortex of the oldest an ... | 2002 | 11837747 |
| development and validation of a new monoclonal antibody to mammalian aromatase. | the biosynthesis of oestrogens from androgens is catalysed by the aromatase complex, an essential component of which is the aromatase cytochrome p450 (p450 arom) protein. expression of a functional p450 arom is essential for normal fertility in males and females and the sequence of the protein is highly conserved. we have raised a new monoclonal antibody against a conserved peptide and validated it on fixed tissue sections of the rat, common marmoset (callthrix jacchus) and human. the monoclonal ... | 2002 | 11786371 |
| cortical and thalamic connections of the parietal ventral somatosensory area in marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus). | microelectrode mapping methods were used to define the parietal ventral somatosensory area (pv) on the upper bank of the lateral sulcus in five marmosets (callithrix jacchus). in the same animals, neuroanatomical tracers were placed into electrophysiologically identified sites in pv and/or the second somatosensory area (s2). foci of anterograde and retrograde label were related to electrophysiological maps of cortical areas and cortical and thalamic architecture. the results lead to the followin ... | 2002 | 11793354 |
| does the milk of callitrichid monkeys differ from that of larger anthropoids? | the generalization that anthropoid primates produce dilute milks that are low in protein and energy is based primarily on data from large monkeys of the families cebidae and cercopithecidae, as well as humans. the marmosets and tamarins (callitrichidae) are not only much smaller in body size, but also typically raise multiple offspring during a relatively brief lactation. we hypothesized that selection for small body size and high reproductive rate might favor secretion of milk of higher energy ... | 2002 | 11793418 |
| embryonic stem cell lines of nonhuman primates. | human embryonic stem (es) cell lines have opened great potential and expectation for cell therapy and regenerative medicine. monkey and human es cell lines, which are very similar to each other, have been established from monkey blastocysts and surplus human blastocysts from fertility clinics. nonhuman primate es cell lines provide important research tools for basic and applicative research. firstly, they provide wider aspects of investigation of the regulative mechanisms of stem cells and cell ... | 2002 | 12806169 |
| the contraceptive potential of zp3 and zp3 peptides in a primate model. | it has been known for some time that antibodies raised against zp3, the major component of the glycoprotein shell that surrounds all mammalian oocytes, can successfully inhibit sperm-egg interaction in vitro. in our own studies using the non-human primate callithrix jacchus, active immunisation was successfully achieved when homologous or heterologous zp3 was used as an immunogen. however this long-term suppression of fertility was at the expense of ovarian function. an ovarian pathology was obs ... | 2002 | 11730908 |
| immortalisation of ovarian granulosa and theca cells of the marmoset monkey calllithrix jacchus. | in view of the increasing need for laboratory primates in biomedical research it is desirable to develop appropriate primate-specific cell culture models that could prevent or significantly reduce the increasing use of primary cultures and experiments with living animals. follicular granulosa and theca cells are essential for the control of hormone-dependent processes such as the ovarian cycle and pregnancy, but also for the occurrence of hormone-dependent diseases. for this reason it is of grea ... | 2002 | 12096332 |
| functional domains in dorsal striatum of the nonhuman primate are defined by the dynamic behavior of dopamine. | the dorsal striatum comprises a continuum of distinct functional domains, limbic, associative, and sensorimotor. in the primate it exclusively subdivides further into two nuclei, the putamen and caudate. dopamine (da) transmission is differentially affected between these nuclei in neurodegenerative diseases such as parkinson's and by psychostimulants such as cocaine. because rodent systems can offer only limited insight into da systems of the human brain, a fuller appreciation of da transmission ... | 2002 | 12097522 |
| low doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin increase transforming growth factor beta and cause myocardial fibrosis in marmosets ( callithrix jacchus). | epidemiological studies have suggested an association between exposure to dioxins and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. however, cardiotoxic effects of low doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (tcdd) in animals have not been reported so far. we studied the hearts of male marmosets ( callithrix jacchus)after treatment with single subcutaneous doses of 1, 10 or 100 ng tcdd/kg body weight or vehicle (toluene/dmso 1+2 v/v, 100 microl/kg body weight). the animals were killed 2 or 4 wee ... | 2002 | 12107654 |
| the concept of species and the foundations of biology, a case study: the callithrix jacchus group (primates-platyrrhini). | the axiomatic theory presented in galleni and forti [1999], being part of the foundational programme of ennio de giorgi, is based on the fundamental notions of quality, relation, operation and collection, and provides a very general axiomatization of the biological notions of living object, generation, species and speciation. within this theoretical framework we consider here a difficult case of classification of species: the callithrix jacchus group of the new world monkeys. although the morpho ... | 2002 | 12109272 |
| evaluation of radioiodinated 5-iodo-3-(2(s)-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine as a ligand for spect investigations of brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. | 5-iodo-3-(2(s)-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine (5ia), an a-85380 analog iodinated at the 5-position of the pyridine ring, was evaluated as a radiopharmaceutical for investigating brain nicotinic acethylcholine receptors (nachrs) by single photon emission computed tomography (spect). [123/125i]5ia was synthesized by the iododestannylation reaction under no-carrier-added conditions and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with high radiochemical yield (50%), high radiochemical puri ... | 2002 | 12126044 |
| extensive mhc-dqb variation in humans and non-human primate species. | non-human primates are often used in biomedical research, and the application of these animals as a model in immune-related diseases necessitates the characterisation of their mhc system. in particular, the mhc class ii regions of the chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), the rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta)and the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) have been subject of molecular biological studies in recent years. in this study the emphasis was on mhc class ii genes of another macaque species, macaca ... | 2002 | 12136334 |
| identification of v1r-like putative pheromone receptor sequences in non-human primates. characterization of v1r pseudogenes in marmoset, a primate species that possesses an intact vomeronasal organ. | the vomeronasal organ (vno) is responsible in terrestrial vertebrates for the sensory perception of some pheromones, chemicals that elicit characteristic behaviors among individuals of the same species. two multigene families (v1r, v2r) that encode proteins with seven putative transmembrane domains that are expressed selectively in different neuron subsets of the vno have been described in rodents. pheromone-induced behaviors and a functional vno have been described in a number of mammals, but t ... | 2002 | 12142329 |
| diurnal rhythms in intraocular pressure, axial length, and choroidal thickness in a primate model of eye growth, the common marmoset. | in chickens, there are circadian rhythms in axial length, choroidal thickness, and intraocular pressure (iop), the phases of which differ, depending on visual manipulations that alter ocular growth rate. in this study, these same rhythms were sought in the common marmoset, a primate model of eye growth, to establish whether these may play a role in ocular growth regulation across species. | 2002 | 12147579 |
| sense of taste in a new world monkey, the common marmoset: recordings from the chorda tympani and glossopharyngeal nerves. | whole nerve, as well as single fiber, responses in the chorda tympani proper (ct) and glossopharyngeal (ng) nerves of common marmosets were recorded during taste stimulation with three salts, four acids, six bitter compounds and more than 30 sweeteners. we recorded responses of 49 ct and 41 ng taste fibers. the hierarchical cluster analysis distinguished three major clusters in both ct and ng: s, q, and h. the s(ct) fibers, 38% of all ct fibers, responded only to sweeteners. the s(ct) fibers did ... | 2002 | 12163511 |
| blockade of hiv-1 infection of new world monkey cells occurs primarily at the stage of virus entry. | hiv-1 naturally infects chimpanzees and humans, but does not infect old world monkeys because of replication blocks that occur after virus entry into the cell. to understand the species-specific restrictions operating on hiv-1 infection, the ability of hiv-1 to infect the cells of new world monkeys was examined. primary cells derived from common marmosets and squirrel monkeys support every phase of hiv-1 replication with the exception of virus entry. efficient hiv-1 entry typically requires bind ... | 2002 | 12186836 |
| characterisation of the gh gene cluster in a new-world monkey, the marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | in most mammals pituitary gh is encoded by a single gene with no close relatives. however, in man the gh gene has been shown to be one of a cluster of five closely related genes, four of which are expressed in the placenta. rhesus monkey also expresses at least five closely related gh-like genes, although the genomic organisation of these has not been fully reported. here we describe the cloning and characterisation of gh-like genes in a new-world monkey, the marmoset (callithrix jacchus). this ... | 2002 | 12200231 |
| intestinal microbial patterns of the common marmoset and rhesus macaque. | the intestinal microflora of common marmosets and rhesus monkeys were compared by enumerating bacteria from the small and large intestines. rhesus monkeys had a consistent microflora pattern manifest by higher concentrations of total and gram-negative aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria, as well as aerobic and anaerobic lactobacilli, in the large intestine as compared to the small intestine. in contrast, the marmoset microflora were considerably more variable. approximately two-thirds o ... | 2002 | 12208308 |
| transfer of maternally administered fusogenic liposome-dna complexes into monkey fetuses in a pregnancy model. | materno-fetal transfer of intravenously administered liposome-plasmid dna complexes has been demonstrated only in mice. studies on its materno-fetal transfer in the pregnant monkey model is needed because of critical differences in placental structure between primates including humans and rodents. | 2002 | 12221649 |
| central olfactory connections in the microsmatic marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). | the mammalian primary olfactory system consists of a set of different telencephalic structures, including paleo-, archi-, periarchi- and mesocortical components. we present the first characterisation of the normal and connectional anatomy of the primary olfactory cortex of the common marmoset, a microsmatic simian species increasingly used in primate research. the centrifugal and centripetal bulbar projections were determined by injections of the anterograde and retrograde tracer wheat germ aggl ... | 2002 | 12364829 |
| naloxone reduces levodopa-induced dyskinesias and apomorphine-induced rotations in primate models of parkinsonism. | using in situ hybridization, it was found that subchronic treatment with levodopa/benserazide increased preproenkephalin-a and preproenkephalin-b mrnas in the dopamine-depleted striatum. in order to examine whether dysfunction of the endogenous opioid system may underlie the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesias, the effect of naloxone, an opioid antagonist, on dyskinesias was investigated in two models of parkinsonism in the common marmoset. mptp-treated monkeys were administered a daily ... | 2002 | 12373562 |
| structure, molecular evolution, and gene expression of primate superoxide dismutases. | mn- and cu,zn-superoxide dismutase (sod) cdnas of eight primate species, pan troglodytes, pongo pygmaeus, hylobates lar, macaca fuscata, macaca fascicularis, macaca mulatta, cebus apella, and callithrix jacchus, were cloned. the whole protein-coding sequences were covered, comparing 198 and 153 (or 154) amino acids, for mn- and cu,zn-sods, respectively. residues forming metal ligands were completely conserved in the two primate sods and nucleotide/amino acid substitutions were more frequent in c ... | 2002 | 12383507 |
| complete genomic sequence of an epstein-barr virus-related herpesvirus naturally infecting a new world primate: a defining point in the evolution of oncogenic lymphocryptoviruses. | callitrichine herpesvirus 3 (calhv-3) was isolated from a b-cell lymphoma arising spontaneously in the new world primate callithrix jacchus, the common marmoset. partial genomic sequence analysis definitively identified calhv-3 as a member of the epstein-barr virus (ebv)-related lymphocryptovirus (lcv) genus and extended the known host range of lcvs beyond humans and old world nonhuman primates. we have now completed the first genomic sequence of an lcv infecting a new world primate by describin ... | 2002 | 12414947 |
| acute and repeated treatment with l-dopa increase c-jun expression in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned forebrain of rats and common marmosets. | l-dopa was acutely or repeatedly administered to rats and common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-ohda) denervation of the dopamine inputs to the forebrain. using in situ hybridization it was found that l-dopa-treated animals exhibited a pronounced induction in the gene expression of both c-jun and c-fos in striatum and cerebral cortex restricted to the dopamine-depleted hemisphere. in contrast, acute treatment with cocaine induced c-fos mrna, but not c-jun mrn ... | 2002 | 12419516 |
| the effect of a unilateral costochondral graft on the growth of the marmoset mandible. | the purpose of the investigation was to examine growth of the mandible after costochondral grafting with special reference to the amount of cartilage included in the grafts. | 2002 | 12420265 |
| evolutionary history of chromosome 10 in primates. | we have tracked the evolutionary history of chromosomes homologous to hsa10 (phyl-10) in primates using appropriate panels of pcp, yac, and bac probes. this approach allowed us to delineate more precisely the phyl-10 constitution in the ancestor of catarrhine, platyrrhine, and prosimians. the results suggest that (i) in the ancestor of prosimians phyl-10 was organized in two separate phyl-10p and phyl-10q chromosomes; (ii) in the progenitor of new world monkeys phyl-10p was a separate chromosome ... | 2002 | 12424526 |
| prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in common marmosets using an anti-il-12p40 monoclonal antibody. | the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) model in the common marmoset approximates recognized features of the human disease multiple sclerosis (ms) with regard to its clinical presentation as well as neuropathological and radiological aspects of the lesions in brain and spinal cord. il-12 is a proinflammatory cytokine that is produced by apc and promotes differentiation of th1 effector cells. il-12 is produced in the developing lesions of patients with ms as well as in eae-affected an ... | 2002 | 12444167 |
| characterization of calbindin-positive cones in primates. | the aim of this study is to characterize calbindin-positive photoreceptors and their opsin content in the retina of nocturnal prosimians (microcebus murinus), new world monkeys (callithrix jacchus), old world monkeys (macaca fascicularis), and humans. to identify the calbindin and opsin content of cones, combined multiple labeling with different fluorescent probes, antibodies directed against calbindin, short, and mid-long wavelength opsins, and lectin peanut agglutinin cytochemistry were used. ... | 2002 | 12453500 |
| repeated parental deprivation in the infant common marmoset (callithrix jacchus, primates) and analysis of its effects on early development. | we describe a successful demonstration that repeated early deprivation of parental care (ed), as used to study effects of early life stress in rats, can be performed in a primate and that it constitutes an early life stressor. | 2002 | 12460687 |
| feedback from v1 and inhibition from beyond the classical receptive field modulates the responses of neurons in the primate lateral geniculate nucleus. | it is well established that the responses of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) can be modulated by feedback from visual cortex, but it is still unclear how cortico-geniculate afferents regulate the flow of visual information to the cortex in the primate. here we report the effects, on the gain of lgn neurons, of differentially stimulating the extraclassical receptive field, with feedback from the striate cortex intact or inactivated in the marmoset monkey, callithrix jacchus. a hor ... | 2002 | 12507325 |
| expression and distribution of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits on parasol ganglion cells in the primate retina. | the response properties of postreceptoral sensory neurones are determined by the properties of their input neurones, by intrinsic membrane properties, and by the properties of neurotransmitter receptors on the soma and dendritic tree. we previously showed that inhibitory neurotransmitter (gaba(a) and glycine) receptors on a well-characterised sensory neurone, the parasol ganglion cell in the primate retina, are segregated towards the distal part of the dendritic tree. here we studied the distrib ... | 2002 | 12511078 |
| congenitally caused fused labia in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | in this paper, the occurrence of an external genital abnormality in female marmoset monkeys (fused labia) is discussed. this malformation was detected, for the first time, in a group of animals at the german primate center (gpc), goettingen. the malformed vulva was completely sealed except for an opening of 1.5-2.5 mm around the urethra sufficient for urination. because of this defect the animals were not able to copulate. as a consequence, the affected females were functionally infertile althou ... | 2002 | 12519214 |
| histochemical data on the liver of the marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the histochemistry of the hepatic parenchymal cells was studied in four callithrix jacchus. a large amount of glycogen was noted throughout the lobules while the udpg-gt and the phosphorylases were found unevenly distributed by the hepatic strands with different degrees of reactivity. near the central vein one of the livers showed pas-positive nuclear corpuscles that were more conspicuous in the hepatic cells with a larger amount of cytoplasmic glycogen and weaker udpg-gt and phosphorylase react ... | 2002 | 166544 |
| alterations in striatal neuropeptide mrna produced by repeated administration of l-dopa, ropinirole or bromocriptine correlate with dyskinesia induction in mptp-treated common marmosets. | chronic administration of l-dopa to mptp-treated common marmosets induces marked dyskinesia while repeated administration of equivalent antiparkisonian doses of ropinirole and bromocriptine produces only mild involuntary movements. the occurrence of dyskinesia has been associated with an altered balance between the direct and indirect striatal output pathways. using in situ hybridisation histochemistry, we now compare the effects of these drug treatments on striatal preproenkephalin-a (ppe-a) an ... | 2002 | 12453478 |
| dopamine, but not norepinephrine or serotonin, reuptake inhibition reverses motor deficits in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated primates. | monoamine reuptake inhibitors that do not discriminate between the transporters for dopamine (da), norepinephrine (ne), or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht, serotonin) can reverse locomotor deficits and motor disability in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-treated common marmosets. da reuptake inhibition is presumed to be primarily responsible, but the role played by inhibition of ne and 5-ht reuptake is unknown. we now evaluate the efficacy of a range of monoamine reuptake inhibitors ... | 2002 | 12438514 |
| repeated administration of piribedil induces less dyskinesia than l-dopa in mptp-treated common marmosets: a behavioural and biochemical investigation. | piribedil ([1-(3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)-4-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperazine]; s 4200) is a dopamine agonist with equal affinity for d(2)/d(3) dopamine receptors effective in treating parkinson's disease as monotherapy or as an adjunct to levodopa (l-dopa). however, its ability to prime basal ganglia for the appearance of dyskinesia is unknown. we now report on the ability of repeated administration of piribedil to induce dyskinesia in drug naïve 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) -lesi ... | 2002 | 12360537 |
| dopamine reuptake inhibition and failure to evoke dyskinesia in mptp-treated primates. | nonspecific monoamine reuptake inhibitors reverse motor abnormalities in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-treated marmosets without evoking established dyskinesia. however, it is not known whether dopamine reuptake inhibition alone explains these actions or whether noradrenaline and/or serotonin reuptake blockade also contributes. l-dopa (12.5 mg/kg, p.o.) rapidly reversed the baseline locomotor deficits and motor disabilities, but evoked dyskinesia (especially limb chorea) in ... | 2002 | 12231385 |
| behavioural and immunohistochemical changes following supranigral administration of sonic hedgehog in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated common marmosets. | sonic hedgehog (shh) has trophic actions on dopaminergic cell cultures and protects them from mpp(+) toxicity but its in vivo actions have not been explored. we now investigate the effects of unilateral supranigral administration of shh on nigro-striatal function in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated common marmosets. shh (0.1 or 1.0 microg) or vehicle was stereotaxically injected into the region of the right substantia nigra twice with an interval of 5 weeks between administra ... | 2002 | 12207958 |
| effects of pravastatin sodium on mevalonate metabolism in common marmosets. | in experimental animals and humans, the concentration of serum mevalonate (mva), a direct product of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a (hmg-coa) reductase, is considered to reflect the activity of whole-body sterol synthesis. the relationship between the concentration of serum mva and the activity of sterol synthesis in tissues, however, has not been fully clarified. in the present study, we examined mva metabolism by using pravastatin, a liver-selective inhibitor of hmg-coa reductase, and c ... | 2002 | 12204108 |
| the actions of a d-1 agonist in mptp treated primates show dependence on both d-1 and d-2 receptor function and tolerance on repeated administration. | the potent and long acting d-1 receptor agonist, a-77636 reverses motor deficits in mptp treated common marmosets following subcutaneous or oral administration. we now explore the effects of acute versus repeated administration of a-77636 and the relative roles of d-1 and d-2 receptor involvement in its antiparkinsonian actions. acute oral administration (0.18-9.0 mg/kg) or subcutaneous administration (0.036-1.08 mg/kg) of a-77636 produced well co-ordinated bouts of discontinuous locomotor activ ... | 2002 | 12075853 |
| hemochorial placentation in the primate: expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietins, and their receptors throughout pregnancy. | vascular development and its transformation are necessary for successful hemochorial placentation, and vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf), angiopoietins, and their receptors may be involved in the molecular regulation of this process. to determine the potential role of these putative regulators in a widely studied primate, the common marmoset, we investigated their mrna expression and protein location in the placenta throughout pregnancy using in situ hybridization, northern blot analysis ... | 2002 | 11870089 |
| variation in circulating and excreted estradiol associated with testicular activity in male marmosets. | concentrations of estradiol (e2) are high in the urine of male marmosets, and links between e2 and paternal behavior have been proposed in black tufted-ear marmosets, callithrix kuhlii. however, it is not clear whether urinary e2 in male marmosets: 1) represents production of e2 associated with testicular activity, 2) is associated with adrenal steroid production, or 3) merely reflects peripheral conversion of t to e2 prior to excretion. we tested the hypothesis that urinary e2 in male marmosets ... | 2002 | 11793411 |
| vascularization in the primate visual cortex during development. | we studied the relationship between vascularization and neuronal activity in the visual cortex during postnatal development in the primate. analyses were focused on layer ivc that displays a sequential pattern of maturation for the magno- and parvocellular systems in separate sublayers, respectively ivc alpha and ivc beta. cytochrome oxidase and endogenous alkaline phosphatase histochemistry was used to analyse, on the same sections, the laminar patterns of cortical activity and vessel density i ... | 2002 | 11739267 |
| leading-limb preferences in marmosets (callithrix jacchus): walking, leaping and landing. | the leading-limb preferences of 17 common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) when they initiated and terminated locomotion were determined from video recordings of the subjects walking on, leaping off, and landing on a plexiglas platform. in a majority of sequences, 11 of 17 subjects landed with the right hand and foot contacting the plexiglas substrate before the left hand and foot. of the 17 subjects, 8 initiated leaping with the right side of the body, whereas only 3 subjects significantly prefer ... | 2002 | 15513194 |
| development of telemetry system in the common marmoset--cardiovascular effects of astemizole and nicardipine. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate a telemetry system for examining the cardiovascular system in the conscious common marmoset. parameters obtained were blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, ecg, body temperature and locomotor activity, and these were continuously recorded on a data recorder via the telemetry system and then processed by a computerized system. diurnal rhythms of blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature and locomotor activity were observed in this system. we st ... | 2002 | 12058448 |
| cage use and feeding height preferences of captive common marmosets (callithrix j. jacchus) in two-tier cages. | determining appropriate feeding regimes has important welfare implications for cap-tive primates. this study examined the preference of food bowl heights in 6 pairs of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) housed in a 2-tier cage system. given that marmosets are arboreal and spend most of their time in the upper half of their cages, we predicted that the marmosets would prefer a food bowl positioned at the top of the cage over one positioned at the bottom. we further predicted that this would be ... | 2002 | 12738582 |
| beginning-of-dose and rebound worsening in mptp-treated common marmosets treated with levodopa. | a wide range of motor fluctuations develop in parkinson's disease (pd) patients after prolonged levodopa (l-dopa) treatment, but few experimental models exist in which these can be investigated. we report on motor fluctuations occurring in mptp-treated common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) treated repeatedly with l-dopa. all animals showed an improvement in motor function in response to l-dopa, and rapidly developed peak-dose dyskinesia. during the period of l-dopa action, brief periods of immob ... | 2002 | 12465074 |
| characterization of urinary and fecal metabolites of testosterone and their measurement for assessing gonadal endocrine function in male nonhuman primates. | the aims of the present study were (i) to provide basic comparative data on the time course, route, and characteristics of excreted [14c]testosterone (t) metabolites in three nonhuman primates: the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), the long-tailed macaque (macaca fascicularis) and the chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) and (ii) to use this information to help validate the measurement of urinary and fecal testosterone metabolites for assessing androgen status in anthropoid primates. radiolabeled 14 ... | 2002 | 12460597 |
| parent-daughter relationships and social controls on fertility in female common marmosets, callithrix jacchus. | this study examined the reproductive status of mothers and daughters to determine if parent-eldest daughter interactions would influence the daughter's fertility in the cooperatively breeding common marmoset, callithrix jacchus. twice weekly fecal samples were collected for hormonal analyses from seven daughters and their mothers and analyzed for cortisol, estradiol, and progesterone by eia. behavioral data were collected three times weekly while the daughters were under three conditions: natal ... | 2002 | 12460595 |
| the monoamine reuptake blocker brasofensine reverses akinesia without dyskinesia in mptp-treated and levodopa-primed common marmosets. | the common marmoset develops motor deficits after mptp treatment and exhibits dyskinesia after chronic levodopa (l-dopa) dosing and subsequent re-challenge with l-dopa and other dopaminergic agents. we report on the actions of the potent monoamine reuptake blocker brasofensine on motor disability, locomotor activity, and dyskinesia in the 1-methyl-4-1, 2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) -treated marmoset model of parkinson's disease. oral administration of brasofensine (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.5 mg/kg ... | 2002 | 12360536 |
| striate cortex in dichromatic and trichromatic marmosets: neurochemical compartmentalization and geniculate input. | the superficial layers of primate striate cortex (v1) contain a regular pattern of dense staining for cytochrome oxidase (co) reactivity ("blobs") that receive direct input from the koniocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus. it has been suggested that the blob regions are dedicated to processing color information. here, the neurochemical compartmentalization of blobs and their input from the lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) was measured in marmosets (callithrix jacchus) identified a ... | 2002 | 12209849 |
| neonatal behavioral scoring of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus): relation to physical condition and survival. | a seven-task behavioral test was performed on 86 common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) infants, 24-36 h following birth. this report describes the test outcome and its relation to physical condition and survival of the infants. the percentage of infants receiving a perfect score on a given task ranged from 30.6 (rooting) to 70.6% (grasping). heavier infants were more likely to have perfect scores for crawling (f=4.20, p=0.044) and infants with a longer knee-heel length tended to be more likely to ... | 2002 | 12190856 |
| behavioral and cardiophysiological responses of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) to social and environmental changes. | under captive conditions common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) show socially monogamous propensities. male and female form a social bond as characterized by signs of behavioral arousal during separation of the pairmates, high levels of affiliative interactions between pairmates and agonistic responses towards strange conspecifics. in the present study behavioral and cardiophysiological responses of mated individuals of common marmosets were recorded while the animals were in an unfamiliar enviro ... | 2002 | 12145401 |
| islet hyperplasia in callitrichids. | five callitrichids (three common marmosets -callithrix jacchus -, a black tufted-eared marmoset -c. penicillata-, and a saddle-back tamarin -saguinus fuscicollis) were diagnosed with islet hyperplasia by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. all were privately-owned, unrelated callitrichids ranging from 2- to 4-year-old. relevant findings were anorexia (3/5), vomiting (2/5), ptyalism (1/5), polyuria/polydipsia (1/5), respiratory distress (1/5), hyperglycemia (2/3) and glycosuria (1/1); hyperg ... | 2002 | 12145399 |
| morphine administration selectively facilitates social play in common marmosets. | common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) form extended families, and several cohorts of young may reside together. play is shown extensively among the offspring. we hypothesized that opiate activity modulates social play, and predicted that administration of morphine (0.5 mg/kg) would facilitate social play, whereas pretreatment with naloxone (0.5 mg/kg) would block morphine's effects. morphine administration was associated with significantly increased social play, and the effect of morphine was at ... | 2002 | 12115289 |
| sensory-motor interaction in the primate auditory cortex during self-initiated vocalizations. | little is known about sensory-motor interaction in the auditory cortex of primates at the level of single neurons and its role in supporting vocal communication. the present study investigated single-unit activities in the auditory cortex of a vocal primate, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), during self-initiated vocalizations. we found that 1) self-initiated vocalizations resulted in suppression of neural discharges in a majority of auditory cortical neurons. the vocalization-induced in ... | 2003 | 12612021 |
| response to novel objects and foraging tasks by common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) female pairs. | the authors analyze the effects of enrichment devices on the behavior of common marmoset female pairs, and determine which aspects of these devices are more likely to elicit explorative behaviors, and how their presence affects aggressive and stress-related behaviors. the results support the use of enrichment devices for captive primates and show that in marmosets, their effectiveness strongly depends on location within the enclosure and the presence of hidden food. | 2003 | 12601387 |