Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| relation of biogenic amines' formation with microbiological and sensory attributes in lactobacillus-inoculated vacuum-packed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets. | the biogenic amine (ba) content of vacuum-packed filleted rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) inoculated or not with two different lactobacillus strains, individually or in combination, was monitored during refrigerated storage for 20 days and related to respective bacteriological and sensory changes occurring during the same period. eight amines, namely putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, tryptamine, beta-phenylethylamine, histamine, spermine, and spermidine, were determined, whereas agmatine was ... | 2006 | 16756357 |
| translocation of viable aeromonas salmonicida across the intestine of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | the pathogenic bacterium aeromonas salmonicida is the causative agent of the destructive disease furunculosis in salmonids. horizontal transmission in salmonids has been suggested to occur via the skin, gills and/or intestine. previous reports are contradictory regarding the role of the intestine as a route of infection. the present study therefore investigates the possibility of bacterial translocation across intestinal epithelia using ussing chamber technology, in vitro. intestinal segments we ... | 2006 | 16677315 |
| toxic effects produced by microcystins from a natural cyanobacterial bloom and a microcystis aeruginosa isolated strain on the fish cell lines rtg-2 and plhc-1. | toxic cyanobacterial blooms are a worldwide problem, causing serious water pollution and public health hazard to humans and livestock. the intact cells as well as the toxins released after cellular lysis can be responsible for toxic effects in both animals and humans and are actually associated with fish kills. two fish cell lines-plhc-1 derived from a hepatocellular carcinoma of the topminnow poeciliopsis lucida and rtg-2 fibroblast-like cells derived from the gonads of rainbow trout oncorhynch ... | 2006 | 16485170 |
| cdna cloning and sequence analysis of preproendothelin-1 (ppet-1) from salmon, oncorhynchus keta. | the presence of endothelin (et)-like immunoreactivity and the cardiovascular effects of mammalian et-1 in fish have been reported. to identify et-related peptides in fish, we screened the cdna library of the salmon (oncorhynchus keta) stomach by means of rapid amplification of cdna ends, and we cloned cdnas encoding an et-related peptide. the salmon et-related sequence of 21 amino acids is identical to the trout et-1 peptide recently purified from kidney specimens of oncorhynchus mykiss. the ded ... | 2006 | 16740985 |
| experimental transmission of sleeping disease in one-year-old rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), induced by sleeping disease virus. | sleeping disease (sd) is a serious disease of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, reared in fresh water caused by sleeping disease virus (sdv). in this study a detailed clinical, histological, virological and serological description of the experimental reproduction of sd in 1-year-old rainbow trout exposed to sdv was carried out. two hundred disease-free fish were intraperitoneally inoculated with a sdv isolate and 100 fish were inoculated with an uninfected cell culture lysate as a negative con ... | 2006 | 16677316 |
| pathogenic infections of gyrodactylus brachymystacis (monogenea) on oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) at a fish farm in the qinling mountain region of china. | 2006 | 16677322 | |
| a link between ectoparasite infection and susceptibility to bacterial disease in rainbow trout. | rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, were infected concomitantly with argulus coregoni and flavobacterium columnare and their survival was compared with that of fish infected with either the parasite or the bacterium alone. the mortality of fish challenged with a. coregoni was negligible while infection with f. columnare alone led to significantly lower survival. however, compared with single infections, the mortality was significantly higher and the onset of disease condition was earlier among f ... | 2006 | 16750536 |
| first description of non-motile yersinia ruckeri serovar i strains causing disease in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), cultured in spain. | yersinia ruckeri, the causal agent of enteric redmouth (erm) disease, was isolated from epizootics that occurred in different spanish rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), farms in which vaccination against erm had been performed. in all episodes, the most pronounced clinical signs exhibited by affected fish were severe haemorrhages in the mouth, eyes and around the vent. the isolates were identified as y. ruckeri serovar i by 16s rrna sequencing together with serological tests. they lac ... | 2006 | 16768714 |
| scrapie infectivity is quickly cleared in tissues of orally-infected farmed fish. | scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) belongs to the group of animal transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (tse). bse epidemic in the uk and elsewhere in europe has been linked to the use of bovine meat and bone meals (mbm) in the feeding of cattle. there is concern that pigs, poultry and fish bred for human consumption and fed with infected mbm would eventually develop bse or carry residual infectivity without disease. although there has been no evidence of infection in these spe ... | 2006 | 16776828 |
| evaluation of an exposure assay to measure uptake of sediment pah by fish. | the ecological risks of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) in aquatic sediments will vary with both toxicity and bioavailability to aquatic biota. while there are standardized protocols to test the acute toxicity of sediment-borne compounds to aquatic invertebrates, there are none for assessing bioavailability to fish. we found that sediment-borne pah caused an exposure-dependent induction of cytochrome p450 (cyp1a) enzymes in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings exposed in semi- ... | 2006 | 16779608 |
| stochastic simulation of live salmonid movement in england and wales to predict potential spread of exotic pathogens. | the anthropogenic movement of live fish has been identified as the most important route for the transmission of disease between river catchments. to assist in contingency planning for exotic salmonid disease outbreaks, a stochastic model was developed to assess the potential geographic distribution of an introduced pathogen with time to first detection. the live fish movement database (a resource funded by the uk department for environment, food and rural affairs [defra] and managed by the centr ... | 2006 | 17140134 |
| toxicity of clostridium botulinum type e neurotoxin to great lakes fish: implications for avian botulism. | since 1999, large-scale mortalities of fish-eating birds have been observed on the great lakes, and more specifically on lake erie. type e botulism has been established as the primary cause of death. the mechanism of type e botulism exposure in fish-eating birds is unclear. given that these birds are thought to eat live fish exclusively, it seems likely that their prey play a key role in the process, but the role of fish as potential transport vectors of botulinum neurotoxin type e (bont/e) to b ... | 2006 | 17092878 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing of listeria monocytogenes isolated in two finnish fish farms. | the aim of this study was to find sources of listeria monocytogenes contamination in fish products from a fish farm. the occurrence of l. monocytogenes also was compared in two freshwater fish farms with different types of fishponds. samples collected from chilled rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and the slaughterhouse environment did not contain l. monocytogenes, but listeria innocua was found in two samples from the slaughterhouses. ten isolates of l. monocytogenes were discovered in sedime ... | 2006 | 16786871 |
| effects of copper on cyp1a activity and epithelial barrier properties in the rainbow trout gill. | the effects of copper on beta-naphthoflavone (betanf)-induced ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod) activity were studied in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) gill filaments (after in vivo exposure) and in gill cells cultured as both primary cultures and as polarised epithelia, i.e. with water in the apical compartment and culture medium in the basolateral compartment. in the in vivo study betanf and copper were added to the water, in primary cultures both chemicals were added to the culture med ... | 2006 | 16814405 |
| three-dimensional mitochondrial arrangement in ventricular myocytes: from chaos to order. | we have developed a novel method to quantitatively analyze mitochondrial positioning in three dimensions. using this method, we compared the relative positioning of mitochondria in adult rat and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) ventricular myocytes. energetic data suggest that trout, in contrast to the rat, have two subpopulations of mitochondria in their cardiomyocytes. therefore, we speculated whether trout cardiomyocytes exhibit two types of mitochondrial patterns. stacks of confocal image ... | 2006 | 16822946 |
| colonization of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), eggs by flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome. | 2006 | 16866929 | |
| in vivo correlates of infectious salmon anemia virus pathogenesis in fish. | the phenotypic correlates of pathogenicity for infectious salmon anemia virus (isav) in salmonid fishes have not been thoroughly studied to date. in this study, a comparison was made of 13 different strains of isav, isolated from different geographical regions between 1997 and 2004, for their infectivity in three fish species [atlantic salmon (salmo salar), coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss)]. when the different virus isolates were used at an approximate i ... | 2006 | 16894204 |
| determination of astaxanthin stereoisomers and colour attributes in flesh of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) as a tool to distinguish the dietary pigmentation source. | the presence of carotenoids in animal tissue reflects their sources along the food chain. astaxanthin, the main carotenoid used for salmonid pigmentation, is usually included in the feed as a synthetic product. however, other dietary sources of astaxanthin such as shrimp or krill wastes, algae meal or yeasts are also available on the market. astaxanthin possesses two identical asymmetric atoms at c-3 and c-3' making possible three optical isomers with all-trans configuration of the chain: 3s,3's ... | 2006 | 17071507 |
| genomic structure and expression of uncoupling protein 2 genes in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | uncoupling protein 2 (ucp2) belongs to the superfamily of mitochondrial anion carriers that dissociate the respiratory chain from atp synthesis. it has been determined that ucp2 plays a role in several physiological processes such as energy expenditure, body weight control and fatty acid metabolism in several vertebrate species. we report the first characterization of ucp2s in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 2006 | 16899121 |
| gene deployment for tooth replacement in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): a developmental model for evolution of the osteichthyan dentition. | repeated tooth initiation occurs often in nonmammalian vertebrates (polyphyodontism), recurrently linked with tooth shedding and in a definite order of succession. regulation of this process has not been genetically defined and it is unclear if the mechanisms for constant generation of replacement teeth (secondary dentition) are similar to those used to generate the primary dentition. we have therefore examined the expression pattern of a sub-set of genes, implicated in tooth initiation in mouse ... | 2006 | 16925680 |
| comparison of basal level metabolic enzyme activities of freshly isolated hepatocytes from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and rat. | biotransformation plays a key role in detoxification, bioactivation and bioaccumulation of xenobiotics in fish. biotransformation capabilities in fish, however, are not as thoroughly characterized as in mammals. in this study, basal level activities of 7-ethoxyresorufin o-dealkylase (erod), 7-methoxyresorufin o-dealkylase (mrod), 7-pentoxyresorufin o-dealkylase, chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylase, testosterone 6beta-hydroxylase, lauric acid 11-hydroxylase, and glutathione s-transferase in freshly isola ... | 2006 | 16935359 |
| treatment of microbiologically polluted aquaculture waters by a novel photochemical technique of potentially low environmental impact. | the applicability of a novel procedure for the disinfection of microbiologically polluted waters from fish-farming ponds, based on the combined action of visible light (including sunlight) and porphyrin-type photosensitising agents, has been investigated using (a) cell cultures of a gram-positive bacterium (meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus), a gram-negative bacterium (escherichia coli) and a fungal pathogen (saprolegnia spp.); (b) pilot aquaculture plants involving either spontaneously ... | 2006 | 16951752 |
| comparative in vitro metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene by recombinant zebrafish cyp1a and liver microsomes from beta-naphthoflavone-treated rainbow trout. | the zebrafish (danio rerio) is a sensitive non-mammalian model used for studying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah)-induced chemical carcinogenesis. the susceptibility of zebrafish to pah-induced carcinogenesis may be related to the ability of the zebrafish p450s to bioactivate these procarcinogens. as a part of our overall effort to identify the various p450 enzymes that are involved in the activation and detoxification of pahs in zebrafish, therefore, we have examined the ability of recombi ... | 2006 | 16963132 |
| effects of pulp and paper mill discharges on caged rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): biomarker responses along a pollution gradient in the biobio river, chile. | caging experiments were conducted using hatchery-reared, immature, female rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in three previously defined areas of the biobio river (south central chile) representing a pollution gradient from the pulp and paper mill discharges area: a pre-impact area (upstream area, reference location), an impact area (area directly influenced), and a postimpact area (downstream area, less influenced). no significant changes were observed in the physiological index as represented ... | 2006 | 16986781 |
| cytokine expression in leucocytes and gut cells of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum, induced by probiotics. | understanding how the various host cells respond to probiotic bacteria in vitro may provide important insight into elaborate immune responses triggered by beneficial bacteria. the aim of this study was to investigate the detailed pattern of the mrna expression of cytokines (il-1beta, il-8, tnf-alpha and tgf-beta) in head kidney (hk) leucocytes and gut cells isolated from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) after co-culturing with live probiotics. hk leucocytes and gut cells adjusted to 5 ... | 2006 | 17011045 |
| immune modulation by probiotic strains: quantification of phagocytosis of aeromonas salmonicida by leukocytes isolated from gut of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) using a radiolabelling assay. | a method is described for the rapid and sensitive assay of phagocytosis that utilizes radioactively labelled bacteria. with this method, we observed that phagocytosis of heat-inactivated aeromonas salmonicida by leukocytes isolated from gut of rainbow trout fed with different viable probiotics (lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, lactobacillus sakei, and leuconostoc mesenteroides) was significantly higher (p<0.05) after 2 weeks of probiotic-feeding than the control group. however, only phagocytosi ... | 2006 | 17034857 |
| pathological effects of arcobacter cryaerophilus infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum). | arcobacter cryaerophilus was isolated from naturally infected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum), and its pathogenicity was tested by intramuscular injection into 40 healthy 1-year-old rainbow trout at 16 degrees c. the lethal dosage of 50% end point (ld50) for a. cryaerophilus was calculated 2.25 x 10(4) viable cells. experimental infection caused deaths with gross clinical abnormalities such as degenerated opercula and gills, liver damage, haemorrhagic kidney and serous fluid in swoll ... | 2006 | 16841757 |
| whole body net ion fluxes, plasma electrolyte concentrations and haematology during a loma salmonae infection in juvenile rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | loma salmonae infections of salmonids culminate in the development of branchial xenomas and subsequent focal hyperplasia of the lamellar or filament epithelium following xenoma rupture and spore release. the effects of this acute branchial disruption upon net ionic flux rates and plasma electrolyte concentrations were determined in juvenile rainbow trout given an experimental oral exposure to l. salmonae. mean numbers of branchial xenomas peaked at week 5 post-exposure (pe), which coincided with ... | 2006 | 17169105 |
| chondroitin ac lyase activity is related to virulence of fish pathogenic flavobacterium columnare. | the virulence of eight flavobacterium columnare strains was studied to find correlations between several virulence-related factors and virulence. virulence was tested in vivo using rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). suggested virulence-related factors such as production of the degradative enzyme chondroitin lyase, plasmid occurrence and adhesion capability were studied in vitro. infection with the four most virulent strains resulted in 95-100% mortality within 114 h. chondroitin lyase ... | 2006 | 17169108 |
| identification of carbonylated protein in frozen rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets and development of protein oxidation during frozen storage. | frozen storage of fish is known to enhance lipid oxidation, resulting in the development of an unpleasant rancid taste and odor. frozen storage of fish is also known to reduce protein solubility, and proteins are expected to be oxidatively modified; however, these oxidative mechanisms are poorly understood. generally, protein oxidation leads to a wide range of modifications; the most studied being the formation of carbonyl groups. the present work shows, by uv spectrophometric determination of p ... | 2006 | 17147430 |
| temperature-dependent protection against ichthyophthirius multifiliis following immunisation of rainbow trout using live theronts. | rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum, 1792 fingerlings were vaccinated by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection using live theronts of the skin parasitic ciliate ichthyophthirius multifiliis fouquet, 1876 at 2 temperatures (12 and 20 degrees c), and protection against challenge infections was subsequently evaluated by bath exposure to live theronts. vaccination conferred a relative protection (evaluated as the decrease in the number of established theronts) at 12 degrees c and almost complete im ... | 2006 | 17190205 |
| infectious haemolytic anaemia causes jaundice outbreaks in seawater-cultured coho salmon, oncorhynchus kisutch (walbaum), in chile. | in the last 9 years, epizootics of an icterus condition has affected coho salmon, oncorhynchus kisutch (walbaum), reared in seawater cages in southern regions of chile. at necropsy, fish from field cases exhibited signs of jaundice accompanied by pale light-brown livers and dark spleens. histopathological and haematological results indicated that these fish presented haemolytic anaemia. after microbiological examination no bacterial or viral agents could be identified as aetiological agents of t ... | 2006 | 17169103 |
| mechanisms of ion and acid-base regulation at the gills of freshwater fish. | this review examines the branchial mechanisms utilized by freshwater fish to regulate internal acid-base status and presents a model to explain the underlying basis of the compensatory processes. rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and brown bullhead, ictalurus nebulosus, were examined under a variety of experimental treatments which induced respiratory and metabolic acid-base disturbances. acid-base regulation was achieved by appropriate adjustments of na+ and cl- net fluxes across the gills wh ... | 2006 | 1500882 |
| differential effects of 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (hcb) on interrenal steroidogenesis in male and female rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | 1. the conversion of progesterone to 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha-ohp), 11-deoxycortisol (11-docr) and deoxycorticosterone (doc) was significantly higher in female rainbow trout than in male trout; in contrast, the interrenal production of cortisol (cr) plus cortisone (cn) was higher in males than in females. 2. following treatment with 1 mg/kg of hcb, the interrenal conversion of progesterone to 17 alpha-ohp and 11-docr was significantly increased in male and female trout but at 20 mg ... | 2006 | 1360370 |
| the effect of thyroid hormone and glucocorticoids on carp growth hormone-releasing factor (grf)-induced growth hormone (gh) release in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 1. the effect of thyroid hormone and glucocorticoids on carp growth hormone-releasing factor (grf)-induced growth hormone (gh) secretion was studied on rainbow trout using a dispersed pituitary cell culture system. 2. a combined administration of lower doses (0.01 microm) of 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) and dexamethasone (dex) significantly increased spontaneous as well as carp grf-induced gh release. 3. lower doses of dex alone had no effect, and t3 had a marginal effect on gh release. highe ... | 2006 | 1679699 |
| escape from an evolutionary dead end: a triploid clone of gyrodactylus salaris is able to revert to sex and switch host (platyhelminthes, monogenea, gyrodactylidae). | diploid parthenogenesis, with rare sex, is considered as the basic mode of reproduction among the hermaphroditic and viviparous gyrodactylus. a particular strain of the monogenean parasite gyrodactylus salaris (rbt clone) was recognized by an invariable, unique mitochondrial dna haplotype in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) farms. the rbt clone was shown to be triploid and asexual by analyzing a 493 bp sequence of a nuclear dna marker. three alleles were present as heterozygous in all 237 ind ... | 2006 | 17362339 |
| molecular cloning and sequencing of hemoglobin-beta gene of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus rafinesque. | the hemoglobin-beta gene of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, was cloned and sequenced. total rna from head kidneys was isolated, reverse transcribed and amplified. the sequence of the channel catfish hemoglobin-beta gene consists of 600 nucleotides. analysis of the nucleotide sequence reveals one open reading frame and 5'- as well as 3'-untranslated regions. the open reading frame of the sequence potentially encodes 148 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 16.3 kda. the pi and ch ... | 2006 | 20035483 |
| the influence of cerebellar lesions on the swimming performance of the trout. | the influence of partial cerebellar ablation on the performance of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, swimming in a water tunnel was studied. before surgery, all fish maintained a steady position in the water tunnel at all speeds tested. a linear relationship was found between the specific velocity (body length s-1) and the tail-beat frequency. after partial cerebellectomy, the fish swam well in the tunnel at low speeds, retaining the relationship between tail-beat frequency and specific veloci ... | 2006 | 1634862 |
| the interactive effects of hypoxia and nitric oxide on catecholamine secretion in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that exposure of rainbow trout to repetitive hypoxia would result in a decreased capacity of chromaffin cells to secrete catecholamines owing to increased production of nitric oxide (no), a potent inhibitor of catecholamine secretion. a partial sequence of trout neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nnos) was cloned and its mrna was found to be present in the posterior cardinal vein (pcv), the predominant site of chromaffin cells in trout. using hetero ... | 2006 | 17050836 |
| effect of ph on trout blood vessels and gill vascular resistance. | ph is recognized as a modulator of vascular smooth muscle (vsm) tone in mammalian vessels, but little is known about its effects on fish vsm. we investigated the effects of extracellular and intracellular ph (ph(o) and ph(i), respectively) on isolated vessels from steelhead and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, skamania and kamloops strains, respectively) and of ph(o) on perfused gills from rainbow trout. in otherwise unstimulated (resting) efferent branchial (eba) and coeliaco-mesenteric arte ... | 2006 | 16788041 |
| swimming performance and energy metabolism of rainbow trout, common carp and gibel carp respond differently to sublethal copper exposure. | we compared the effects of sublethal waterborne copper exposure on swimming performance and respiration rates in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, with those in less sensitive cyprinid species such as common carp, cyprinus carpio, and gibel carp, carassius auratus gibelio. these cyprinids are considerably more resistant to cu intoxication, and differ from trout in swimming performance and respiratory behaviour. critical swimming speed (u(crit)), oxygen consumption, plasma ammonia and muscle am ... | 2006 | 16956679 |
| development of tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (myxozoa: malacosporea) in bryozoan hosts (as examined by light microscopy) and quantitation of infective dose to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the myxozoan parasite tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae is the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease (pkd), a highly damaging disease of cultured salmonid fish. within this study, phylactolaemate bryozoans were collected from a river known to be endemic for pkd and subsequently cultured in the laboratory. sequential developmental stages of t. bryosalmonae were studied by light microscopy within the living bryozoan colonies, allowing the identification of stages attached to host peritoneum, ... | 2006 | 16154706 |
| toxicity to daphnia magna, hyalella azteca, oncorhynchus kisutch, oncorhynchus mykiss, oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and rana catesbeiana of atrazine, metolachlor, simazine, and their formulated products. | 2006 | 16404660 | |
| generation of a large scale repertoire of expressed sequence tags (ests) from normalised rainbow trout cdna libraries. | within the framework of a genomics project on livestock species (agenae), we initiated a high-throughput dna sequencing program of expressed sequence tags (ests) in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | 2006 | 16887034 |
| structural comparison of promoter and coding sequence of type i collagen alpha 1 chain gene duplicates between zebrafish and flounder/fugu lineages. | alpha 1 chain (colalpha1(i)) and alpha 2 chain (colalpha2(i)) are universal components of type i collagen in tetrapods, but rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and zebrafish (danio rerio) have a third: alpha 3 chain (colalpha3(i)). this study tests whether colalpha3(i) is a duplicate of colalpha1(i) by whole-genome duplication (wgd) that occurred early in the ray-fin fish lineage. we also examine how their promoter sequence was modified after wgd. we cloned colalpha1(i), colalpha2(i) and colalph ... | 2006 | 20483231 |
| conservation of an alpha 2 domain within the teleostean world, mhc class i from the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | a full-length cdna clone (onmy-ua-c32) encoding a major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i heavy chain was isolated from a rainbow trout thymus cdna library. onmy-ua-c32 alpha i and iii extracellular domains were most similar to other salmonids (92 and 86% at the nucleotide and amino acid level) but interestingly the alpha ii domain is closer to that of the carp (74 and 73%) and zebrafish (75 and 70%). in addition, onmy-ua-c32 displays conservation of residues known to be essential for the ... | 2006 | 9040984 |
| different sensitivity of carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to the immunomodulatory effects of uvb irradiation. | in order to study the sensitivity of two fish species, carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), to the immunomodulatory effects of ultraviolet b (uvb) radiation, the fish were exposed to a single uvb dose of 50, 250, 500 or 1,000 mj cm(-2). these species represent different phylogenetic groups of fish, and they differ also in their behaviour inhabitating often dark and turbid (carp) or clear and transparent waters (salmonids). immune responses were studied on day 1 post-ir ... | 2006 | 16376572 |
| the in vitro effects of some pesticides on carbonic anhydrase activity of oncorhynchus mykiss and cyprinus carpio carpio fish. | systemic carbonic anhydrase (ca) inhibitors are among the most powerful agents to lower intraocular pressure. unfortunately, their use is frequently accompanied by undesired side effects. some are due to the relatively large amounts of drug that have to be systematically administered to inhibit the ca in the ciliary processes. the aim of the present work was to study in vitro effects of some pesticides on ca enzyme obtained from blood of fish, which play a key role in salt- and osmoregulation an ... | 2006 | 16298474 |
| comparative evaluation of the alkaline comet assay with the micronucleus test for genotoxicity monitoring using aquatic organisms. | a comparative analysis between the in vivo comet assay and the in vivo micronucleus test (mnt) was carried out in three aquatic organisms suitable for genotoxicity monitoring, carp (cyprinus carpio), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and clam (spisula sachalinensis), using a direct-acting mutagen, n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng), and an indirect mutagen, benzo[a]pyrene (b[a]p). by optimizing the conditions for cell isolation, gill and liver (or digestive glands) were selected as t ... | 2006 | 16026836 |
| [mixed-function oxidase induction as a test for the biological monitoring of water: limitations and prospects]. | the induction in fish liver of some enzyme activities, and typically of microsomal mixed-function oxidases (mfo), provides the earliest biological warning signal of exposure to pollutants. our studies provided evidence that the basal levels of cytochrome p-450 and specific mfo activities, such as arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase (ahh) and ethoxyresorufin deethylase (erod), were strongly influenced by the diet in freshwater fish (oncorhynchus mykiss). the response of fish liver to a known enzyme induc ... | 2006 | 1294203 |
| endothelin receptors in teleost fishes: cardiovascular effects and branchial distribution. | by observing gill blood flow using epi-illuminating microscopy, in parallel with cardiovascular recordings and immunohistochemistry, we have tried to identify the receptor mediating endothelin (et) type 1 (et1)-induced pillar cell contraction in the lamellae of the atlantic cod (gadus morhua). intra-arterial injection of the specific et(b) receptor agonist bq-3020 induced dose-dependent increases in ventral aortic blood pressure, gill vascular resistance, and pillar cell area (indicating contrac ... | 2006 | 16223845 |
| the expression of immune-regulatory genes in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, during amoebic gill disease (agd). | amoebic gill disease (agd) is an ectoparasitic disease caused by infection with the protozoan neoparamoeba sp. and is characterised by epithelial hyperplasia that manifests as gill lesions. in order to examine the nature of the immune response to agd, the expression of a range of immune-regulatory genes was examined in naïve uninfected rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and naïve rainbow trout subjected to a laboratory-induced agd infection. the immune-regulatory genes examined were interleukin ... | 2006 | 16006146 |
| ventilatory and cardiovascular actions of centrally administered trout tachykinins in the unanesthetized trout. | the brains of teleost fish contain members of the tachykinin family that are the products of orthologous genes expressed in mammalian nervous tissues, but little is known regarding the physiological effects of these peptides in their species of origin. the present study compares the central actions of trout neuropeptide gamma (npgamma), substance p (sp) and neurokinin a (nka) (5-250 pmol) on ventilatory and cardiovascular parameters in the unanesthetized rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. intrac ... | 2007 | 17766308 |
| opercular epithelial cells: a simple approach for in vitro studies of cellular responses in fish. | this study evaluated the efficacy of fish opercular external (skin) and inner (opercular membrane) epithelium as an in vitro model for toxic and other substances studies. the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) operculum was cultured in 12-well dishes containing sterile leibovitz 15 (l-15) supplemented with glutamine medium during 24h at 9 degrees c, and the effect of copper, a toxic agent, and/or cortisol, an endogenous agent, on the epithelial cells was analyzed using light microscopy techniqu ... | 2007 | 17169474 |
| molecular and histological evaluation of tributyltin toxicity on spermatogenesis in a marine fish, the mummichog (fundulus heteroclitus). | there is still concern about the effects of organotin compounds (ots) on marine organisms, and especially on their reproductive systems. we investigated the toxicity of tributyltin oxide (tbto) on spermatogenesis in a marine fish, mummichog, fundulus heteroclitus. tbto exposure caused serious histological damage to the testis, including reduction in counts of spermatids and spermatozoa and malformation of somatic cells around the seminal duct. analysis of the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine i ... | 2007 | 17451821 |
| unidirectional na(+) and ca (2+) fluxes in two euryhaline teleost fishes, fundulus heteroclitus and oncorhynchus mykiss, acutely submitted to a progressive salinity increase. | na(+) and ca(2+) regulation were compared in two euryhaline species, killifish (normally estuarine-resident) and rainbow trout (normally freshwater-resident) during an incremental salinity increase. whole-body unidirectional fluxes of na(+) and ca(2+), whole body na(+) and ca(2+), and plasma concentrations (trout only), were measured over 1-h periods throughout a total 6-h protocol of increasing salinity meant to simulate a natural tidal flow. killifish exhibited significant increases in both na ... | 2007 | 17318607 |
| relationships among growth and different nor phenotypes in a specific stock of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | growth is one of the most important aspects in the genetic improvement of cultured fish species. consequently, genetic parameters related to this feature and their response to selection have been the focus of most research in this area. such research indicates that, in general, there is enough additive genetic variance related to growth, justifying the use of selection. based on the usefulness of cytogenetic and molecular markers in the fish culture, the aim of the present work was to analyze th ... | 2007 | 17876448 |
| salmonid microarrays identify intestinal genes that reliably monitor p deficiency in rainbow trout aquaculture. | nutrient-responsive genes can identify important metabolic pathways and evaluate optimal dietary levels. using a 16k salmo salar microarray, we identified in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) 21 potential phosphorus (p)-responsive genes, mainly involved in immune response, proteolysis or transport, whose expression levels changed in the intestine after 5 days of feeding a low-p (lp) diet. diet-induced changes in the expression levels of several genes in each fish were tightly correlated with c ... | 2007 | 17596124 |
| organization of the torus longitudinalis in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): an immunohistochemical study of the gabaergic system and a dii tract-tracing study. | the torus longitudinalis (tl) is a tectum-associated structure of actinopterygian fishes. the organization of the tl of rainbow trout was studied with nissl staining, golgi methods, immunocytochemistry with antibodies to gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba), glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad), and the gaba(a) receptor subunits delta and beta2/beta 3, and with tract tracing methods. two types of neuron were characterized: medium-sized gabaergic neurons and small gaba-negative granule cells. gaba(a) rece ... | 2007 | 17492628 |
| effect of high pressure treatment on the quality of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and mahi mahi (coryphaena hippurus). | high pressure processing (hpp) is becoming a promising seafood preservation method. the objective was to investigate the effect of hpp on quality of rainbow trout and mahi mahi during cold storage. skinless fillets treated with different pressures (150, 300, 450, and 600 mpa for 15 min) and stored at 4 degrees c were analyzed at 1, 3, and 6 d storage. red muscle was analyzed for lipid oxidation products by measuring thiobarbituric reactive substances (tbars) and whole muscle was analyzed for tot ... | 2007 | 18034712 |
| heterochrony and the development of the escape response: prehatching movements in the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | teleost fishes produce coordinated escape responses (c-starts) at hatching. this implies that essential swimming morphologies and motor behaviors develop during the incubation interval while the embryo is in the chorion. we examined prehatching motor behaviors in rainbow trout oncorhycus mykiss (considered morphologically mature at hatching) and compared this species with zebrafish danio rerio (considered morphologically immature) and assessed two hypotheses concerning the development of escape ... | 2007 | 17683078 |
| characterization of a radiation-induced stress response communicated in vivo between zebrafish. | radiation-induced communication of stress signals between rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss w) have recently been described by this group and linked to the bystander effect. this paper addresses the question of whether another totally unrelated fish species (danio rerio l) can demonstrate the effect and also looks at attenuation of both the bystander signal, from irradiated fish, and the bystander effect, in naive fish. the data show that zebrafish produce bystander signals, and that, as with r ... | 2007 | 17539553 |
| molecular cloning and identification of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) in teleost fish. | macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) is one of the first cytokines to be identified, which have been emerged to be an important mediator of the innate and adaptive immune system. although mif was well characterized in several mammal species, there was still little report in fish. in present study, we cloned the mif gene from tetraodon nigroviridis, and identified other six mif genes from other teleost fishes, fundulus heteroclitu, oncorhynchus mykiss, ictalurus punctatus, danio rerio, sa ... | 2007 | 17442392 |
| the role of aquaporin 3 in teleost fish. | the aquaporin isoform, aqp3 has now been identified in a number of different teleost fish species, with additional dna sequence information on aqp3 genes in further fish species available in genome databases. in zebrafish (danio rerio), the aqp3 gene is present as two duplicate isoforms resulting from a teleostean fish genome-wide duplication. a further splicoform/isoform has also been identified in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the identification of these aqp3 isoforms in other fish spec ... | 2007 | 17126580 |
| acute toxicity of copper, ammonia, and chlorine to glochidia and juveniles of freshwater mussels (unionidae). | the objective of the present study was to determine acute toxicity of copper, ammonia, or chlorine to larval (glochidia) and juvenile mussels using the recently published american society for testing and materials (astm) standard guide for conducting laboratory toxicity tests with freshwater mussels. toxicity tests were conducted with glochidia (24- to 48-h exposures) and juveniles (96-h exposures) of up to 11 mussel species in reconstituted astm hard water using copper, ammonia, or chlorine as ... | 2007 | 17867873 |
| toxicity of cobalt-complexed cyanide to oncorhynchus mykiss, daphnia magna, and ceriodaphnia dubia. potentiation by ultraviolet radiation and attenuation by dissolved organic carbon and adaptive uv tolerance. | cobalt cyanide complexes often result when ore is treated with cyanide solutions to extract gold and other metals. these have recently been discovered in low but significant concentrations in effluents from gold leach operations. this study was conducted to determine the potential toxicity of cobalt-cyanide complexes to freshwater organisms and the extent to which ultraviolet radiation (uv) potentiates this toxicity. tests were also conducted to determine if humic acids or if adaptation to uv in ... | 2007 | 17722768 |
| a comparison of acute toxicity of biodiesel, biodiesel blends, and diesel on aquatic organisms. | the increased demand of alternative energy sources has created interest in biodiesel and biodiesel blends; biodiesel is promoted as a diesel substitute that is safer, produces less harmful combustion emissions, and biodegrades more easily. like diesel spills, biodiesel can have deleterious effects on the aquatic environments. the effect of neat biodiesel, biodiesel blends, and diesel on oncorhynchus mykiss and daphnia magna was evaluated using acute toxicity testing. static nonrenewal bioassays ... | 2007 | 17385594 |
| the c3 subtypes are differentially regulated after immunostimulation in rainbow trout, but head kidney macrophages do not contribute to c3 transcription. | the complement system plays key roles in innate and adaptive immunity through mediating phagocytosis, chemotaxis and cell lysis. complement component c3 is a central component in the complement cascade and belongs to the acute-phase proteins whose synthesis increase immediately upon inflammatory stimuli. the liver is the main producer of c3 and it is a well-known fact that the mammalian monocyte-macrophage lineage is a major contributor to extrahepatic c3. immunomodulators, such as lps and beta- ... | 2007 | 17449114 |
| assessment of mercuric chloride toxicity on rainbow trouts (oncorhynchus mykiss) and chubs (alburnoides bipunctatus). | acute toxicity of mercury-ii chloride (hgcl2), one of most toxic pollutants for aquatic ecosystems, in chub (alburnoides bipunctatus) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was investigated in the present study. actual concentration of hgcl2 was ranged from 0.10 to 8.00 mg l(-1). concentrations of hgcl2 that killed 50% of the chub and rainbow trout within 96 h (96 h lc50) were estimated as 0.205 and 0.814 mg l(-1), respectively. acute toxicity tests were evaluated by the finney's probit analysi ... | 2007 | 19070058 |
| intestinal ph profile in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and microhabitat preference of the flagellate spironucleus salmonis (diplomonadida). | in farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, the flagellate spironucleus salmonis (diplomonadida) is often found in the pyloric region of the intestine. while previous in vitro studies report a ph of 7.5 to 8.0 as optimal for presumed s. salmonis, no previous in vivo studies have investigated the relationship between ph and microhabitat preference. therefore, in 698 rainbow trout (75% were 5 to 6 mo old juveniles, 10 to 20 cm total length), we recorded occurrence and density of s. salmonis, and ... | 2007 | 17803110 |
| cytokine expression in the intestine of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) during infection with aeromonas salmonicida. | gene expression of a number of cytokines in the intestine of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was investigated after challenge with a pathogenic strain of aeromonas salmonicida. fish were exposed to a. salmonicida by immersion in a bacterial suspension (bath challenge) and tissue samples of the distal and proximal intestine were collected at days 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 post-exposure. head kidney tissue was also collected to assess the effect in a systemic immune tissue. a classic profile of pro-inf ... | 2007 | 17434320 |
| surveillance for ceratomyxa shasta in the puget sound watershed, washington. | discovery of fish exhibiting clinical signs of ceratomyxosis in washington state prompted concern over the potential impact of the myxozoan parasite ceratomyxa shasta on native stocks of steelhead oncorhynchus mykiss (anadromous rainbow trout). to investigate these concerns, a survey of 16 freshwater systems within the puget sound watershed, including lake washington, was conducted by sentinel exposure of susceptible fish (cutthroat trout o. clarkii and rainbow trout). fish were exposed for 7 d ... | 2007 | 18201052 |
| alphavirus infections in salmonids--a review. | the first alphavirus to be isolated from fish was recorded in 1995 with the isolation of salmon pancreas disease virus from atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., in ireland. subsequently, the closely related sleeping disease virus was isolated from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), in france. more recently norwegian salmonid alphavirus (sav) has been isolated from marine phase production of atlantic salmon and rainbow trout in norway. these three viruses are closely related and are now co ... | 2007 | 17718707 |
| growth of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, w. 1792) in net cages in almus dam lake (tokat). | the growth performance of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, (initial weight 100 g) were tried in net cages in almus dam lake in tokat. rainbow trout were tried in net cages with 4 kg m(-3) stocking rearing density with four replicates. rainbow trout were fed adlibitum with pellet feed numbered 4. investigation was continued 106 days between august and november, 2003. at the end of the trial live weight increment was computed as 165,91 g and also specific growth rate 0,915, condition factor 1,5 ... | 2007 | 19069899 |
| morphologic description of infectious salmon anaemia virus (isav)-induced lesions in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss compared to atlantic salmon salmo salar. | in the present study the pathogenesis of experimental infectious salmon anaemia virus (isav) infection in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum, 1972) and atlantic salmon salmo salar was compared. the virus infection in the 2 species demonstrated different mortality patterns and pathology characteristics. atlantic salmon showed a typical acute mortality pattern peaking at 8 to 16 d post-infection (dpi) depending on virus dose, whereas in rainbow trout, only the highest virus dose (10(7.13-7 ... | 2007 | 18159667 |
| non-specific adsorption of fish immunoglobulin m (igm) to blocking reagents on elisa plate wells. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is a popular technique for quantifiable detection of specific antibodies in warm-blooded animals, but it has not been accepted for detection of fish antibodies because of its low reproducibility, which is due in part to high background optical density (od) measurements. in the present study, we report that the high background of a fish antibody-detection elisa resulted from non-specific adsorption of fish immunoglobulin m (igm) to blocking reagents on th ... | 2007 | 18159673 |
| in vitro enhancement by cpg odn of phagocytic activity of rainbow trout head kidney phagocytes against fish pathogen vibrio ordalii, but not against polystyrene particles. | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) head kidney phagocytes precultured with a synthetic cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (cpg) oligodeoxynucleotide (odn) displayed significantly higher phagocytic activity against vibrio ordalii than phagocytes precultured with non-cpg odn. however, head kidney phagocytes precultured with cpg odn did not show enhanced phagocytic activity against polystyrene particles. | 2007 | 18176027 |
| microbiological changes occurring in trout fillets (oncorhynchus mykiss w. 1792) salted and treated with potassium sorbate during production and storage. | in this study, microbiological changes during processing and storage of salted-cured trout fillets treated with potassium sorbate were investigated. for this purpose, 10 and 15% (w/w) nacl and 1, 5 and 10% (w/v) potassium sorbate were applied to the fillets. the processed fillets were vacuum-packed and storage at 4 degrees c. the samples were analyzed in some periods of production and in the storage days of 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84 for numbers of total mesophilic aerob, psycrophylic, yeast a ... | 2007 | 19070084 |
| vibriosis as an epizootic disease of rainbow trout (onchorynchus mykiss) in turkey. | vibrio anguillarum o1 was isolated from diseased cultured rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, in the southern aegean of turkey with lesions and signs of vibriosis. gram (-), motile and curved rods from diseased rainbow trout were identified after physiological, biochemical and slide agglutination tests as v. anguillarum o1. koch postulates were fulfilled with the isolated bacteria. the antibiotic susceptible test results showed that v. anguillarum strains were susceptibility to amoxycillin, ampyc ... | 2007 | 19086527 |
| liver 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid oxygenase activity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 1. in rainbow trout, 3haa activity was comparable with those of terrestrial animals; 3haa:pc activity ratio suggests ineffective conversion of tryptophan to niacin. 2. inactivation as well as reactivation under different conditions was investigated. 3. some characteristics of the enzyme extract were studied with the aim of optimizing assay in fish. | 2007 | 1764908 |
| ultrastructural effects of pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, clofibric acid, metoprolol, diclofenac) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and common carp (cyprinus carpio). | in order to assess potential effects of human pharmaceuticals in aquatic wildlife, laboratory experiments were conducted with carbamazepine, clofibric acid, metoprolol, and diclofenac using fish as test organisms. for each substance, at least one environmentally relevant concentration was tested. in liver, kidney, and gills of trout and carp exposed to carbamazepine, clofibric acid, and metoprolol, ultrastructural effects were qualitatively described and semi-quantitatively assessed. the obtaine ... | 2007 | 17216161 |
| demonstration of infectious salmon anaemia virus (isav) endocytosis in erythrocytes of atlantic salmon. | infectious salmon anaemia (isa) virus (isav) is a fish orthomyxovirus that has recently been assigned to the new genus isavirus within the family orthomyxoviridae. it possesses the major functional characteristics of the virus family including haemagglutinating, receptor destroying enzyme (rde), and fusion activities associated with the virion surface proteins. it is generally accepted that isav agglutinates erythrocytes of several fish species and that the isav rde activity dissolves this haema ... | 2007 | 17254352 |
| assessing the impact of a downscaled climate change simulation on the fish fauna in an inner-alpine river. | this study assesses the impact of a changing climate on fish fauna by comparing the past mean state of fish assemblage to a possible future mean state. it is based on (1) local scale observations along an inner-alpine river called mur, (2) an ipcc emission scenario (is92a), implemented by atmosphere-ocean global circulation model (aogcm) echam4/opyc3, and (3) a model-chain that links climate research to hydrobiology. the mur river is still in a near-natural condition and water temperature in sum ... | 2007 | 17587065 |
| expanded geographical distribution of myxobolus cerebralis: first detections from alaska. | the parasite responsible for salmonid whirling disease, myxobolus cerebralis, was introduced to the usa in 1958. it has since spread across the country causing severe declines in wild trout populations, but has never been documented from alaska. however, while assessing the risk of introduction of m. cerebralis into the state, we detected the parasite using a species-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay. testing of 180 hatchery rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), by pepsin tr ... | 2007 | 17640251 |
| expression of inducible cc chemokines in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in response to a viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) dna vaccine and interleukin 8. | in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), at least three cxc chemokines and eighteen cc chemokine sequences have been discovered in the past years, although no studies concerning their bioactivity have been performed yet. we have studied the expression of five different cc chemokines that cluster into the group of inducible chemokines (ck5a, ck5b, ck6, ck7a and ck7b) in trout injected with a plasmid coding for the glycoprotein g gene (pmcv1.4-g) of viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv). in a ... | 2007 | 17284335 |
| characterisation of a low pathogenic form of gyrodactylus salaris from rainbow trout. | gyrodactylus salaris was isolated from rainbow trout in a danish freshwater trout farm, and a laboratory population of this particular parasite form was established on rainbow trout. challenge infections were performed using different salmonid strains and species, including east atlantic salmon salmo salar (from the danish river skjernå), baltic salmon s. salar (from the swedish river ume alv) and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (from the danish rainbow trout farm fousing). these were compared ... | 2007 | 17330743 |
| bacterial-binding activity and plasma concentration of ladderlectin in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | soluble, defense lectins bind conserved microbial patterns leading to pathogen opsonization, enhanced phagocytosis and activation of complement. these immune functions, however, vary widely among individuals due to genetic and acquired differences affecting binding capacity or plasma concentration. most evidence for the defensive function of soluble lectins is based on mammals, but several functionally homologous, but less well-characterized, lectins have been identified in fish. in this study, ... | 2007 | 17383895 |
| safety and efficacy of an inactivated vaccine against lactococcus garvieae in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | we studied the safety and efficacy of an inactivated vaccine (ichtiovac-lg) against lactococcus garvieae in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). in an initial dose-response experiment to test safety, we injected 50 rainbow trout weighing 30-40 g with a double dose of vaccine (0.2 ml) intraperitoneally. we observed these fish three times a day until day 50 post-vaccination when they were killed to evaluate visceral reactions, adhesions and intraperitoneal absorption. survival was 100% in both the ... | 2007 | 17386951 |
| lack of circadian regulation of in vitro melatonin release from the pineal organ of salmonid teleosts. | in many teleost species, the photoreceptive pineal organ harbors the circadian clock that regulates melatonin release in the pineal organ itself. however, the pineal organ of three salmonids (rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, masu salmon oncorhynchus masou, and sockeye salmon oncorhynchus nerka) did not exhibit circadian rhythms in melatonin release when maintained under constant darkness (dd) in vitro, suggesting that the pineal organs of all salmonids lack the circadian regulation of melatoni ... | 2007 | 17681505 |
| apolipoprotein a-i, an antimicrobial protein in oncorhynchus mykiss: evaluation of its expression in primary defence barriers and plasma levels in sick and healthy fish. | antimicrobial proteins and peptides play an important role in the primary defence barriers in vertebrates and invertebrates. in a previous study it was shown that high-density lipoprotein (hdl) and its major apolipoproteins, apoa-i and apoa-ii display antimicrobial activity in the carp (cyprinus carpio l.). the aim of this study was to evaluate if apoa-i conserves this defensive function in a salmonid fish like the rainbow trout, in spite of the low level of primary sequence conservation between ... | 2007 | 17391986 |
| a nlrr-1 gene is expressed in migrating slow muscle cells of the trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) embryo. | nlrr-l (neuronal leucine-rich repeat-l) is a transmembrane protein that functions as a cell adhesion molecule regulating morphogenesis. a previous study in the mouse reported that the somitic expression of nlrr-1 is restricted to the dorsal lip of the dermomyotome that gives rise to the epaxial muscle. in this study, we report the expression of a nlrr-1 gene in the trout-developing somite. whole mount in situ hybridization showed that nlrr-l transcript accumulated in a rostro-caudal wave in the ... | 2007 | 17394015 |
| a toxin-like gene in rainbow trout: cloning, expression, and gene organization. | the 'three-finger' protein family consists of structurally related proteins which display a variety of biological functions. snake venom alpha-neurotoxins, ly-6 alloantigens, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (upar) and the complement regulatory protein cd59 are members of this protein family. their characteristic feature is the disposition of four disulfide bridges forming a hydrophobic core. here it is reported the cloning and characterization of a toxin-like gene (toxin-1) in the ... | 2007 | 17400269 |
| electrophoretic and western blot analyses of the lipopolysaccharide and glycocalyx of flavobacterium psychrophilum. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is the aetiological agent of bacterial coldwater disease (cwd) and rainbow trout fry syndrome (rtfs) and it has emerged as one of the most significant bacterial pathogens in salmonid aquaculture worldwide. previous studies have suggested that the o-polysaccharide (o-ps) component of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of f. psychrophilum is highly immunogenic and may be involved in eliciting a protective immune response in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum). in the ... | 2007 | 17420143 |
| identification of potential vaccine target antigens by immunoproteomic analysis of a virulent and a non-virulent strain of the fish pathogen flavobacterium psychrophilum. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is the etiological agent of bacterial coldwater disease (cwd) and rainbow trout fry syndrome (rtfs). to identify antigens associated with virulence or host immunity, we compared total and immunogenic proteins of cellular and extracellular products (ecp) between a virulent (csf-259-93) and non-virulent (atcc 49418) strain of f. psychrophilum. one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of total cellular proteins revealed only minor differ ... | 2007 | 17425262 |
| cpg oligodeoxynucleotides up-regulate antibacterial systems and induce protection against bacterial challenge in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the effects of unmethylated cpg oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) on the mammalian immune system are relatively well studied but much less is known of their effects on the immune systems of different fish species. here we show that cpg odns significantly enhance the survival of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) following bacterial challenge when used both as stand-alone prophylactic agents, or as adjuvants to a commercially available vaccine. they are also capable of increasing serum lysozyme activi ... | 2007 | 17459727 |
| sequence analysis of omnramp alpha and quantitative expression of nramp homologues in different trout strains after infection with myxobolus cerebralis. | salmonid whirling disease caused by the metazoan parasite myxobolus cerebralis is an ongoing problem in wild and farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss populations. rainbow trout from different strains vary in susceptibility to the parasite. identification of underlying mechanisms could be a starting point for improved control of the disease. we conducted infection trials using 2 rainbow trout strains and brown trout salmo trutta fario, a species not susceptible to the parasite, to investigate ... | 2007 | 17803108 |
| serological, virological and histopathological study of an outbreak of sleeping disease in farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | a prospective longitudinal survey for sleeping disease (sd) was carried out over a 20 wk period on a caged freshwater population of farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mkyiss. pancreas, heart and red and white skeletal muscle were examined histologically and the presence and severity of lesions recorded. sera were tested for viraemia with salmonid alphavirus (sav) and for virus neutralizing (vn) antibodies. viraemia was detected for 4 wk, beginning at week 6 and with a peak prevalence of 57.9% at ... | 2007 | 17465304 |
| characterization of virus/double-stranded rna-dependent induction of antimicrobial peptide hepcidin in trout macrophages. | hepcidin is an antimicrobial peptide responsive to bacterial infection. we report the characterization of a virus/double-stranded rna (dsrna) induction of hepcidin in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). increased level of hepcidin mrna was observed in trout macrophage rts11 cells treated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly i:c), a mimic of viral dsrna. the induction was also observed in poly i:c-injected trout, demonstrating that it is a bona fide biological response. the induction was n ... | 2007 | 17498800 |
| fish genotype significantly influences susceptibility of juvenile rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), to waterborne infection with infectious salmon anaemia virus. | 2007 | 17850579 | |
| endocrine and orexigenic actions of growth hormone secretagogues in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the effects of growth hormone secretagogues (ghss) on the teleost somatotropic axis are poorly understood, particularly with respect to insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) and the igf-binding proteins (igfbps). to assess the endocrine and orexigenic responses of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to ghs treatment, animals were injected with human ghrh(1-29)-amide, kp-102 or rat ghrelin at 0, 1 or 10 pmol/g body mass. feed intake was tested at 2 and 5 h post-injection and plasma levels of growt ... | 2007 | 17240179 |