Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| efficacy of injection vaccines against flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | efficacy of mineral oil-based experimental injection vaccines against flavobacterium psychrophilum were tested in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), under laboratory and field conditions. the vaccines consisted of formalin- or heat-inactivated whole bacterium cell preparations of two different serotypes (fd and th) or a combination of serologically different f. psychrophilum (fd and/or th and/or fp(t);th). specific antibody responses against the bacterium in plasma and skin mucus were ... | 2006 | 16351694 |
| characterization of npy receptor subtypes y2 and y7 in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | we report the cloning and pharmacological characterization of two neuropeptide y (npy) receptor subtypes, y2 and y7, in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). these subtypes are approximately 50% identical to each other and belong to the y2 subfamily of npy receptors. the binding properties of the receptors were investigated after expression in human hek-293 ebna cells. both receptors bound the three zebrafish peptides npy, pyya, and pyyb, as well as porcine npy and pyy, with affinities in the nan ... | 2006 | 16359756 |
| genetic stability within the norwegian subtype of salmonid alphavirus (family togaviridae). | salmonid alphavirus (sav) (family togaviridae) causes mortality in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss w.) in norway, france, uk, and ireland. at least three subtypes of sav exist: spdv in uk/ireland, sdv in france/uk, and the recently reported norwegian salmonid alphavirus (nsav) in western norway. during 2003 and 2004, disease caused by nsav was reported for the first time in northern norway, more than 800 km away from the enzootic area in western norway. th ... | 2006 | 16362641 |
| evaluation of quantitative real-time pcr for rapid assessments of the exposure of sentinel fish to myxobolus cerebralis. | pathogen-free rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) aged 735 degree days were experimentally exposed to a low dose of infectious myxobolus cerebralis (20 triactinomyxons fish(-1)). three time periods were chosen for sampling that included 10 days (d), 67 d, and 5 months (mo) post exposure. five diagnostic assays were used: (1) conventional single-round polymerase chain reaction (pcr), (2) nested pcr, (3) real-time taqman pcr, (4) pepsin-trypsin digest, and (5) histopathology. m. cerebralis was det ... | 2006 | 16555100 |
| cdna cloning and characterization of type i procollagen alpha1 chain in the skate raja kenojei. | a full-length cdna of the type i procollagen alpha1 [pro-alpha1(i)] chain (4388 bp), coding for 1463 amino acid residues in the total length, was determined by race pcr using a cdna library constructed from 4-week embryo of the skate raja kenojei. the helical region of the skate pro-alpha1(i) chain consisted of 1014 amino acid residues - the same as other fibrillar collagen alpha chains from higher vertebrates. comparison on denaturation temperatures of type i collagens from the skate, rainbow t ... | 2006 | 16563827 |
| genotyping and pathogenicity of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus from free-living turbot (psetta maxima) in a turkish coastal area of the black sea. | viral hemorrhagic septicemia (vhs) is one of the most serious fish viral diseases for cultured rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), although vhs virus (vhsv) seems to be ubiquitous among marine fishes. in the present study, vhsv isolation was performed with free-living and cultured turbot (psetta maxima) in the trabzon coastal area of the black sea to evaluate participation of vhsv in mass mortalities of seed-produced turbot larvae. vhsv was detected in 14 of 66 free-living spawners (positive ra ... | 2006 | 16597932 |
| innate immune responses in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) induced by probiotics. | carnobacterium maltaromaticum b26 and carnobacterium divergens b33, which were isolated from the intestine of healthy rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum), were selected as being potentially useful as probiotics with effectiveness against aeromonas salmonicida and yersinia ruckeri. thus, rainbow trout administered with feed supplemented with b26 or b33 dosed at >10(7) cells g(-1) feed conferred protection against challenge with virulent cultures of the pathogens. moreover, both cultures ... | 2006 | 16631379 |
| quantitative expression (walbaum) of immunological factors in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), after infection with either flavobacterium psychrophilum, aeromonas salmonicida, or infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus. | to further enhance our understanding of immunological gene expression in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, after infection with naturally occurring pathogens, a series of probes and primers were developed for the quantification of immune factors. separate groups of specific-pathogen-free rainbow trout were infected with either flavobacterium psychrophilum, aeromonas salmonicida or infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv). three different concentrations of each pathogen were used and sam ... | 2006 | 16635061 |
| changes in concentrations of microcystins in rainbow trout, freshwater mussels, and cyanobacteria in lakes rotoiti and rotoehu. | microcystin concentrations in cyanobacteria and their accumulation in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and freshwater mussels (hyridella menziesi) in lakes rotoiti and rotoehu (new zealand) were investigated. hatchery rainbow trout were added to an enclosure in lake rotoiti where concentrations of microcystins in the phytoplankton and cyanobacterial cell concentrations could be closely monitored. rainbow trout that were free to roam in the entire area of each lake were also included in the st ... | 2006 | 16646016 |
| translocation of viable aeromonas salmonicida across the intestine of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | the pathogenic bacterium aeromonas salmonicida is the causative agent of the destructive disease furunculosis in salmonids. horizontal transmission in salmonids has been suggested to occur via the skin, gills and/or intestine. previous reports are contradictory regarding the role of the intestine as a route of infection. the present study therefore investigates the possibility of bacterial translocation across intestinal epithelia using ussing chamber technology, in vitro. intestinal segments we ... | 2006 | 16677315 |
| experimental transmission of sleeping disease in one-year-old rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), induced by sleeping disease virus. | sleeping disease (sd) is a serious disease of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, reared in fresh water caused by sleeping disease virus (sdv). in this study a detailed clinical, histological, virological and serological description of the experimental reproduction of sd in 1-year-old rainbow trout exposed to sdv was carried out. two hundred disease-free fish were intraperitoneally inoculated with a sdv isolate and 100 fish were inoculated with an uninfected cell culture lysate as a negative con ... | 2006 | 16677316 |
| pathogenic infections of gyrodactylus brachymystacis (monogenea) on oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) at a fish farm in the qinling mountain region of china. | 2006 | 16677322 | |
| evolution of cytokine responses: il-1beta directly affects intracellular ca2+ concentration of teleost fish leukocytes through a receptor-mediated mechanism. | in this work we studied the biological activities of recombinant il-1beta from the teleosts sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by investigating the effects induced on intracellular ca2+ concentrations ([ca2+]i) of spleen leucocytes. splenocytes were loaded with the ca2+-permeant fura-2am, and then stimulated with ril-1beta. the emitted fluorescence was read for 5 min at 1 min intervals on a dual excitation fluorescence fluorimeter. results showed that ril-1be ... | 2006 | 16713284 |
| persistence of clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type e in tissues from selected freshwater fish species: implications to public health. | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), round gobies (neogobius melanostomas), yellow walleye (stizostedion vitreum), and yellow perch (perca flavescens) were given clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type e (bont/e) at four doses (0, 800, 1500, and 4000 mouse lethal doses). bont/e was sought in the fish tissues at death or at the conclusion of the experiment (10 days after treatment). fish were divided into a "fillet" (axial musculature) and a "nonfillet" sample before testing for bont/e toxicity wit ... | 2006 | 16715821 |
| cell adhesion characteristics of a monocytic cell line derived from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | in experiments investigating the adhesive properties of the rainbow trout splenic monocyte-like cell line rts11 it was found that the cells bound with low affinity to plates coated with bovine serum albumin (bsa) but that phorbol ester-induced activation/differentiation greatly increased adhesion to bsa. similarly, pre-exposure to 500 microm mncl(2) at time of plating, increased rts11 adhesion to bsa coated plates, in agreement with the reported ability of divalent cations such as mn(2+) to acti ... | 2006 | 16716617 |
| co-injection of interleukin 8 with the glycoprotein gene from viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) modulates the cytokine response in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | since previous results showed that interleukin 8 (il-8) was induced in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in response to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) infection, we have cloned il-8 in an expression vector (pil8+) and studied its possible adjuvant effect on the early response to a vhsv immunization model, focusing on the early response of several cytokines induced by a vector coding for the glycoprotein of vhsv (pmcv1.4-g) in the spleen and head kidney. first, we demonstrated that t ... | 2006 | 16725233 |
| cdna cloning and sequence analysis of preproendothelin-1 (ppet-1) from salmon, oncorhynchus keta. | the presence of endothelin (et)-like immunoreactivity and the cardiovascular effects of mammalian et-1 in fish have been reported. to identify et-related peptides in fish, we screened the cdna library of the salmon (oncorhynchus keta) stomach by means of rapid amplification of cdna ends, and we cloned cdnas encoding an et-related peptide. the salmon et-related sequence of 21 amino acids is identical to the trout et-1 peptide recently purified from kidney specimens of oncorhynchus mykiss. the ded ... | 2006 | 16740985 |
| a link between ectoparasite infection and susceptibility to bacterial disease in rainbow trout. | rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, were infected concomitantly with argulus coregoni and flavobacterium columnare and their survival was compared with that of fish infected with either the parasite or the bacterium alone. the mortality of fish challenged with a. coregoni was negligible while infection with f. columnare alone led to significantly lower survival. however, compared with single infections, the mortality was significantly higher and the onset of disease condition was earlier among f ... | 2006 | 16750536 |
| relation of biogenic amines' formation with microbiological and sensory attributes in lactobacillus-inoculated vacuum-packed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets. | the biogenic amine (ba) content of vacuum-packed filleted rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) inoculated or not with two different lactobacillus strains, individually or in combination, was monitored during refrigerated storage for 20 days and related to respective bacteriological and sensory changes occurring during the same period. eight amines, namely putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, tryptamine, beta-phenylethylamine, histamine, spermine, and spermidine, were determined, whereas agmatine was ... | 2006 | 16756357 |
| analysis of cyp4501a1, pahs metabolites in bile, and genotoxic damage in oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to biobío river sediments, central chile. | the responses of cytochrome p4501a1 in the liver, the appearance of fluorescent metabolites in bile, and genotoxic damage in erythrocytes were studied in oncorhynchus mykiss exposed under laboratory conditions to sediments taken from the biobio river, central chile. samples were taken at four sampling sites in the biobio river, following a pollution gradient from the discharge, where stations 2 and 3 are impacted by a petrochemical industrial discharge effluent. chemical analysis indicates polyc ... | 2006 | 16137764 |
| plasma proteomic analysis of the acute phase response of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to intraperitoneal inflammation and lps injection. | few acute phase proteins are known in fish and better knowledge of them would provide a basis for more reliable methods to objectively assess fish health and welfare. an acute phase response was induced in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) by inflammation triggered by intraperitoneal administration of purified aeromonas salmonicida lipopolysaccharide emulsified in freund's incomplete adjuvant (lps/fia) or a commercial oil-based multivalent vaccine. acute phase proteins were characteri ... | 2006 | 16139357 |
| the gamma subunit of the eighth complement component (c8) in rainbow trout. | of the 35 proteins, enzymes, receptors and regulatory components of the complement system, c8gamma is unique in that it is the only lipocalin. c8gamma is a subunit of the c8 molecule, which is one of the five components (c5b, c6, c7, c8 and c9) that interact as a consequence of complement activation to form the membrane attack complex. until now, c8gamma has been characterized only in mammalian species. in order to elucidate the phylogeny of this molecule, we have cloned the c8gamma subunit in r ... | 2006 | 16169077 |
| temperature and ca2+ dependence of [3h]ryanodine binding in the burbot (lota lota l.) heart. | opening and closing of the cardiac ryanodine (ry) receptor (ryr) are coordinated by the free intracellular ca2+ concentration, thus making the ca2+ binding properties of the ryr important for excitation-contraction coupling. unlike mammalian cardiac ryrs, which lose their normal function at low temperatures, ryrs of ectothermic vertebrates remain operative at 2-4 degrees c, as indicated by ry sensitivity of contractile force. to investigate the mechanisms of low temperature adaptation of ectothe ... | 2006 | 16179490 |
| a newly identified cpg oligodeoxynucleotide motif that stimulates rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) immune cells to produce immunomodulatory factors. | bacterial dna and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) that contain unmethylated cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (cpgs) have been shown to have immunostimulatory effects on b cells, natural killer cells and dendritic cells in mammals. however, little is known of the cellular basis of cpg immunostimulation in fish. we have addressed this question in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. prokaryotic dna (from escherichia coli), but not eukaryotic dna (from calf), caused proliferation of spleen a ... | 2006 | 16023206 |
| toxicity of clostridium botulinum type e neurotoxin to great lakes fish: implications for avian botulism. | since 1999, large-scale mortalities of fish-eating birds have been observed on the great lakes, and more specifically on lake erie. type e botulism has been established as the primary cause of death. the mechanism of type e botulism exposure in fish-eating birds is unclear. given that these birds are thought to eat live fish exclusively, it seems likely that their prey play a key role in the process, but the role of fish as potential transport vectors of botulinum neurotoxin type e (bont/e) to b ... | 2006 | 17092878 |
| stochastic simulation of live salmonid movement in england and wales to predict potential spread of exotic pathogens. | the anthropogenic movement of live fish has been identified as the most important route for the transmission of disease between river catchments. to assist in contingency planning for exotic salmonid disease outbreaks, a stochastic model was developed to assess the potential geographic distribution of an introduced pathogen with time to first detection. the live fish movement database (a resource funded by the uk department for environment, food and rural affairs [defra] and managed by the centr ... | 2006 | 17140134 |
| identification of carbonylated protein in frozen rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets and development of protein oxidation during frozen storage. | frozen storage of fish is known to enhance lipid oxidation, resulting in the development of an unpleasant rancid taste and odor. frozen storage of fish is also known to reduce protein solubility, and proteins are expected to be oxidatively modified; however, these oxidative mechanisms are poorly understood. generally, protein oxidation leads to a wide range of modifications; the most studied being the formation of carbonyl groups. the present work shows, by uv spectrophometric determination of p ... | 2006 | 17147430 |
| temperature-dependent protection against ichthyophthirius multifiliis following immunisation of rainbow trout using live theronts. | rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum, 1792 fingerlings were vaccinated by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection using live theronts of the skin parasitic ciliate ichthyophthirius multifiliis fouquet, 1876 at 2 temperatures (12 and 20 degrees c), and protection against challenge infections was subsequently evaluated by bath exposure to live theronts. vaccination conferred a relative protection (evaluated as the decrease in the number of established theronts) at 12 degrees c and almost complete im ... | 2006 | 17190205 |
| escape from an evolutionary dead end: a triploid clone of gyrodactylus salaris is able to revert to sex and switch host (platyhelminthes, monogenea, gyrodactylidae). | diploid parthenogenesis, with rare sex, is considered as the basic mode of reproduction among the hermaphroditic and viviparous gyrodactylus. a particular strain of the monogenean parasite gyrodactylus salaris (rbt clone) was recognized by an invariable, unique mitochondrial dna haplotype in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) farms. the rbt clone was shown to be triploid and asexual by analyzing a 493 bp sequence of a nuclear dna marker. three alleles were present as heterozygous in all 237 ind ... | 2006 | 17362339 |
| infectious haemolytic anaemia causes jaundice outbreaks in seawater-cultured coho salmon, oncorhynchus kisutch (walbaum), in chile. | in the last 9 years, epizootics of an icterus condition has affected coho salmon, oncorhynchus kisutch (walbaum), reared in seawater cages in southern regions of chile. at necropsy, fish from field cases exhibited signs of jaundice accompanied by pale light-brown livers and dark spleens. histopathological and haematological results indicated that these fish presented haemolytic anaemia. after microbiological examination no bacterial or viral agents could be identified as aetiological agents of t ... | 2006 | 17169103 |
| whole body net ion fluxes, plasma electrolyte concentrations and haematology during a loma salmonae infection in juvenile rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | loma salmonae infections of salmonids culminate in the development of branchial xenomas and subsequent focal hyperplasia of the lamellar or filament epithelium following xenoma rupture and spore release. the effects of this acute branchial disruption upon net ionic flux rates and plasma electrolyte concentrations were determined in juvenile rainbow trout given an experimental oral exposure to l. salmonae. mean numbers of branchial xenomas peaked at week 5 post-exposure (pe), which coincided with ... | 2006 | 17169105 |
| chondroitin ac lyase activity is related to virulence of fish pathogenic flavobacterium columnare. | the virulence of eight flavobacterium columnare strains was studied to find correlations between several virulence-related factors and virulence. virulence was tested in vivo using rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). suggested virulence-related factors such as production of the degradative enzyme chondroitin lyase, plasmid occurrence and adhesion capability were studied in vitro. infection with the four most virulent strains resulted in 95-100% mortality within 114 h. chondroitin lyase ... | 2006 | 17169108 |
| determination of astaxanthin stereoisomers and colour attributes in flesh of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) as a tool to distinguish the dietary pigmentation source. | the presence of carotenoids in animal tissue reflects their sources along the food chain. astaxanthin, the main carotenoid used for salmonid pigmentation, is usually included in the feed as a synthetic product. however, other dietary sources of astaxanthin such as shrimp or krill wastes, algae meal or yeasts are also available on the market. astaxanthin possesses two identical asymmetric atoms at c-3 and c-3' making possible three optical isomers with all-trans configuration of the chain: 3s,3's ... | 2006 | 17071507 |
| differential effects of 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (hcb) on interrenal steroidogenesis in male and female rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | 1. the conversion of progesterone to 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha-ohp), 11-deoxycortisol (11-docr) and deoxycorticosterone (doc) was significantly higher in female rainbow trout than in male trout; in contrast, the interrenal production of cortisol (cr) plus cortisone (cn) was higher in males than in females. 2. following treatment with 1 mg/kg of hcb, the interrenal conversion of progesterone to 17 alpha-ohp and 11-docr was significantly increased in male and female trout but at 20 mg ... | 2006 | 1360370 |
| the influence of cerebellar lesions on the swimming performance of the trout. | the influence of partial cerebellar ablation on the performance of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, swimming in a water tunnel was studied. before surgery, all fish maintained a steady position in the water tunnel at all speeds tested. a linear relationship was found between the specific velocity (body length s-1) and the tail-beat frequency. after partial cerebellectomy, the fish swam well in the tunnel at low speeds, retaining the relationship between tail-beat frequency and specific veloci ... | 2006 | 1634862 |
| the effect of thyroid hormone and glucocorticoids on carp growth hormone-releasing factor (grf)-induced growth hormone (gh) release in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 1. the effect of thyroid hormone and glucocorticoids on carp growth hormone-releasing factor (grf)-induced growth hormone (gh) secretion was studied on rainbow trout using a dispersed pituitary cell culture system. 2. a combined administration of lower doses (0.01 microm) of 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) and dexamethasone (dex) significantly increased spontaneous as well as carp grf-induced gh release. 3. lower doses of dex alone had no effect, and t3 had a marginal effect on gh release. highe ... | 2006 | 1679699 |
| mechanisms of ion and acid-base regulation at the gills of freshwater fish. | this review examines the branchial mechanisms utilized by freshwater fish to regulate internal acid-base status and presents a model to explain the underlying basis of the compensatory processes. rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and brown bullhead, ictalurus nebulosus, were examined under a variety of experimental treatments which induced respiratory and metabolic acid-base disturbances. acid-base regulation was achieved by appropriate adjustments of na+ and cl- net fluxes across the gills wh ... | 2006 | 1500882 |
| molecular cloning and sequencing of hemoglobin-beta gene of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus rafinesque. | the hemoglobin-beta gene of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, was cloned and sequenced. total rna from head kidneys was isolated, reverse transcribed and amplified. the sequence of the channel catfish hemoglobin-beta gene consists of 600 nucleotides. analysis of the nucleotide sequence reveals one open reading frame and 5'- as well as 3'-untranslated regions. the open reading frame of the sequence potentially encodes 148 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 16.3 kda. the pi and ch ... | 2006 | 20035483 |
| swimming performance and energy metabolism of rainbow trout, common carp and gibel carp respond differently to sublethal copper exposure. | we compared the effects of sublethal waterborne copper exposure on swimming performance and respiration rates in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, with those in less sensitive cyprinid species such as common carp, cyprinus carpio, and gibel carp, carassius auratus gibelio. these cyprinids are considerably more resistant to cu intoxication, and differ from trout in swimming performance and respiratory behaviour. critical swimming speed (u(crit)), oxygen consumption, plasma ammonia and muscle am ... | 2006 | 16956679 |
| the interactive effects of hypoxia and nitric oxide on catecholamine secretion in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that exposure of rainbow trout to repetitive hypoxia would result in a decreased capacity of chromaffin cells to secrete catecholamines owing to increased production of nitric oxide (no), a potent inhibitor of catecholamine secretion. a partial sequence of trout neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nnos) was cloned and its mrna was found to be present in the posterior cardinal vein (pcv), the predominant site of chromaffin cells in trout. using hetero ... | 2006 | 17050836 |
| effect of ph on trout blood vessels and gill vascular resistance. | ph is recognized as a modulator of vascular smooth muscle (vsm) tone in mammalian vessels, but little is known about its effects on fish vsm. we investigated the effects of extracellular and intracellular ph (ph(o) and ph(i), respectively) on isolated vessels from steelhead and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, skamania and kamloops strains, respectively) and of ph(o) on perfused gills from rainbow trout. in otherwise unstimulated (resting) efferent branchial (eba) and coeliaco-mesenteric arte ... | 2006 | 16788041 |
| different sensitivity of carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to the immunomodulatory effects of uvb irradiation. | in order to study the sensitivity of two fish species, carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), to the immunomodulatory effects of ultraviolet b (uvb) radiation, the fish were exposed to a single uvb dose of 50, 250, 500 or 1,000 mj cm(-2). these species represent different phylogenetic groups of fish, and they differ also in their behaviour inhabitating often dark and turbid (carp) or clear and transparent waters (salmonids). immune responses were studied on day 1 post-ir ... | 2006 | 16376572 |
| the in vitro effects of some pesticides on carbonic anhydrase activity of oncorhynchus mykiss and cyprinus carpio carpio fish. | systemic carbonic anhydrase (ca) inhibitors are among the most powerful agents to lower intraocular pressure. unfortunately, their use is frequently accompanied by undesired side effects. some are due to the relatively large amounts of drug that have to be systematically administered to inhibit the ca in the ciliary processes. the aim of the present work was to study in vitro effects of some pesticides on ca enzyme obtained from blood of fish, which play a key role in salt- and osmoregulation an ... | 2006 | 16298474 |
| comparative evaluation of the alkaline comet assay with the micronucleus test for genotoxicity monitoring using aquatic organisms. | a comparative analysis between the in vivo comet assay and the in vivo micronucleus test (mnt) was carried out in three aquatic organisms suitable for genotoxicity monitoring, carp (cyprinus carpio), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and clam (spisula sachalinensis), using a direct-acting mutagen, n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng), and an indirect mutagen, benzo[a]pyrene (b[a]p). by optimizing the conditions for cell isolation, gill and liver (or digestive glands) were selected as t ... | 2006 | 16026836 |
| toxicity to daphnia magna, hyalella azteca, oncorhynchus kisutch, oncorhynchus mykiss, oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and rana catesbeiana of atrazine, metolachlor, simazine, and their formulated products. | 2006 | 16404660 | |
| conservation of an alpha 2 domain within the teleostean world, mhc class i from the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | a full-length cdna clone (onmy-ua-c32) encoding a major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i heavy chain was isolated from a rainbow trout thymus cdna library. onmy-ua-c32 alpha i and iii extracellular domains were most similar to other salmonids (92 and 86% at the nucleotide and amino acid level) but interestingly the alpha ii domain is closer to that of the carp (74 and 73%) and zebrafish (75 and 70%). in addition, onmy-ua-c32 displays conservation of residues known to be essential for the ... | 2006 | 9040984 |
| generation of a large scale repertoire of expressed sequence tags (ests) from normalised rainbow trout cdna libraries. | within the framework of a genomics project on livestock species (agenae), we initiated a high-throughput dna sequencing program of expressed sequence tags (ests) in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | 2006 | 16887034 |
| structural comparison of promoter and coding sequence of type i collagen alpha 1 chain gene duplicates between zebrafish and flounder/fugu lineages. | alpha 1 chain (colalpha1(i)) and alpha 2 chain (colalpha2(i)) are universal components of type i collagen in tetrapods, but rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and zebrafish (danio rerio) have a third: alpha 3 chain (colalpha3(i)). this study tests whether colalpha3(i) is a duplicate of colalpha1(i) by whole-genome duplication (wgd) that occurred early in the ray-fin fish lineage. we also examine how their promoter sequence was modified after wgd. we cloned colalpha1(i), colalpha2(i) and colalph ... | 2006 | 20483231 |
| development of tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (myxozoa: malacosporea) in bryozoan hosts (as examined by light microscopy) and quantitation of infective dose to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the myxozoan parasite tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae is the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease (pkd), a highly damaging disease of cultured salmonid fish. within this study, phylactolaemate bryozoans were collected from a river known to be endemic for pkd and subsequently cultured in the laboratory. sequential developmental stages of t. bryosalmonae were studied by light microscopy within the living bryozoan colonies, allowing the identification of stages attached to host peritoneum, ... | 2006 | 16154706 |
| [mixed-function oxidase induction as a test for the biological monitoring of water: limitations and prospects]. | the induction in fish liver of some enzyme activities, and typically of microsomal mixed-function oxidases (mfo), provides the earliest biological warning signal of exposure to pollutants. our studies provided evidence that the basal levels of cytochrome p-450 and specific mfo activities, such as arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase (ahh) and ethoxyresorufin deethylase (erod), were strongly influenced by the diet in freshwater fish (oncorhynchus mykiss). the response of fish liver to a known enzyme induc ... | 2006 | 1294203 |
| endothelin receptors in teleost fishes: cardiovascular effects and branchial distribution. | by observing gill blood flow using epi-illuminating microscopy, in parallel with cardiovascular recordings and immunohistochemistry, we have tried to identify the receptor mediating endothelin (et) type 1 (et1)-induced pillar cell contraction in the lamellae of the atlantic cod (gadus morhua). intra-arterial injection of the specific et(b) receptor agonist bq-3020 induced dose-dependent increases in ventral aortic blood pressure, gill vascular resistance, and pillar cell area (indicating contrac ... | 2006 | 16223845 |
| the expression of immune-regulatory genes in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, during amoebic gill disease (agd). | amoebic gill disease (agd) is an ectoparasitic disease caused by infection with the protozoan neoparamoeba sp. and is characterised by epithelial hyperplasia that manifests as gill lesions. in order to examine the nature of the immune response to agd, the expression of a range of immune-regulatory genes was examined in naïve uninfected rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and naïve rainbow trout subjected to a laboratory-induced agd infection. the immune-regulatory genes examined were interleukin ... | 2006 | 16006146 |
| molecular and histological evaluation of tributyltin toxicity on spermatogenesis in a marine fish, the mummichog (fundulus heteroclitus). | there is still concern about the effects of organotin compounds (ots) on marine organisms, and especially on their reproductive systems. we investigated the toxicity of tributyltin oxide (tbto) on spermatogenesis in a marine fish, mummichog, fundulus heteroclitus. tbto exposure caused serious histological damage to the testis, including reduction in counts of spermatids and spermatozoa and malformation of somatic cells around the seminal duct. analysis of the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine i ... | 2007 | 17451821 |
| unidirectional na(+) and ca (2+) fluxes in two euryhaline teleost fishes, fundulus heteroclitus and oncorhynchus mykiss, acutely submitted to a progressive salinity increase. | na(+) and ca(2+) regulation were compared in two euryhaline species, killifish (normally estuarine-resident) and rainbow trout (normally freshwater-resident) during an incremental salinity increase. whole-body unidirectional fluxes of na(+) and ca(2+), whole body na(+) and ca(2+), and plasma concentrations (trout only), were measured over 1-h periods throughout a total 6-h protocol of increasing salinity meant to simulate a natural tidal flow. killifish exhibited significant increases in both na ... | 2007 | 17318607 |
| relationships among growth and different nor phenotypes in a specific stock of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | growth is one of the most important aspects in the genetic improvement of cultured fish species. consequently, genetic parameters related to this feature and their response to selection have been the focus of most research in this area. such research indicates that, in general, there is enough additive genetic variance related to growth, justifying the use of selection. based on the usefulness of cytogenetic and molecular markers in the fish culture, the aim of the present work was to analyze th ... | 2007 | 17876448 |
| ventilatory and cardiovascular actions of centrally administered trout tachykinins in the unanesthetized trout. | the brains of teleost fish contain members of the tachykinin family that are the products of orthologous genes expressed in mammalian nervous tissues, but little is known regarding the physiological effects of these peptides in their species of origin. the present study compares the central actions of trout neuropeptide gamma (npgamma), substance p (sp) and neurokinin a (nka) (5-250 pmol) on ventilatory and cardiovascular parameters in the unanesthetized rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. intrac ... | 2007 | 17766308 |
| salmonid microarrays identify intestinal genes that reliably monitor p deficiency in rainbow trout aquaculture. | nutrient-responsive genes can identify important metabolic pathways and evaluate optimal dietary levels. using a 16k salmo salar microarray, we identified in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) 21 potential phosphorus (p)-responsive genes, mainly involved in immune response, proteolysis or transport, whose expression levels changed in the intestine after 5 days of feeding a low-p (lp) diet. diet-induced changes in the expression levels of several genes in each fish were tightly correlated with c ... | 2007 | 17596124 |
| opercular epithelial cells: a simple approach for in vitro studies of cellular responses in fish. | this study evaluated the efficacy of fish opercular external (skin) and inner (opercular membrane) epithelium as an in vitro model for toxic and other substances studies. the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) operculum was cultured in 12-well dishes containing sterile leibovitz 15 (l-15) supplemented with glutamine medium during 24h at 9 degrees c, and the effect of copper, a toxic agent, and/or cortisol, an endogenous agent, on the epithelial cells was analyzed using light microscopy techniqu ... | 2007 | 17169474 |
| heterochrony and the development of the escape response: prehatching movements in the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | teleost fishes produce coordinated escape responses (c-starts) at hatching. this implies that essential swimming morphologies and motor behaviors develop during the incubation interval while the embryo is in the chorion. we examined prehatching motor behaviors in rainbow trout oncorhycus mykiss (considered morphologically mature at hatching) and compared this species with zebrafish danio rerio (considered morphologically immature) and assessed two hypotheses concerning the development of escape ... | 2007 | 17683078 |
| characterization of a radiation-induced stress response communicated in vivo between zebrafish. | radiation-induced communication of stress signals between rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss w) have recently been described by this group and linked to the bystander effect. this paper addresses the question of whether another totally unrelated fish species (danio rerio l) can demonstrate the effect and also looks at attenuation of both the bystander signal, from irradiated fish, and the bystander effect, in naive fish. the data show that zebrafish produce bystander signals, and that, as with r ... | 2007 | 17539553 |
| molecular cloning and identification of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) in teleost fish. | macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) is one of the first cytokines to be identified, which have been emerged to be an important mediator of the innate and adaptive immune system. although mif was well characterized in several mammal species, there was still little report in fish. in present study, we cloned the mif gene from tetraodon nigroviridis, and identified other six mif genes from other teleost fishes, fundulus heteroclitu, oncorhynchus mykiss, ictalurus punctatus, danio rerio, sa ... | 2007 | 17442392 |
| the role of aquaporin 3 in teleost fish. | the aquaporin isoform, aqp3 has now been identified in a number of different teleost fish species, with additional dna sequence information on aqp3 genes in further fish species available in genome databases. in zebrafish (danio rerio), the aqp3 gene is present as two duplicate isoforms resulting from a teleostean fish genome-wide duplication. a further splicoform/isoform has also been identified in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the identification of these aqp3 isoforms in other fish spec ... | 2007 | 17126580 |
| acute toxicity of copper, ammonia, and chlorine to glochidia and juveniles of freshwater mussels (unionidae). | the objective of the present study was to determine acute toxicity of copper, ammonia, or chlorine to larval (glochidia) and juvenile mussels using the recently published american society for testing and materials (astm) standard guide for conducting laboratory toxicity tests with freshwater mussels. toxicity tests were conducted with glochidia (24- to 48-h exposures) and juveniles (96-h exposures) of up to 11 mussel species in reconstituted astm hard water using copper, ammonia, or chlorine as ... | 2007 | 17867873 |
| toxicity of cobalt-complexed cyanide to oncorhynchus mykiss, daphnia magna, and ceriodaphnia dubia. potentiation by ultraviolet radiation and attenuation by dissolved organic carbon and adaptive uv tolerance. | cobalt cyanide complexes often result when ore is treated with cyanide solutions to extract gold and other metals. these have recently been discovered in low but significant concentrations in effluents from gold leach operations. this study was conducted to determine the potential toxicity of cobalt-cyanide complexes to freshwater organisms and the extent to which ultraviolet radiation (uv) potentiates this toxicity. tests were also conducted to determine if humic acids or if adaptation to uv in ... | 2007 | 17722768 |
| a comparison of acute toxicity of biodiesel, biodiesel blends, and diesel on aquatic organisms. | the increased demand of alternative energy sources has created interest in biodiesel and biodiesel blends; biodiesel is promoted as a diesel substitute that is safer, produces less harmful combustion emissions, and biodegrades more easily. like diesel spills, biodiesel can have deleterious effects on the aquatic environments. the effect of neat biodiesel, biodiesel blends, and diesel on oncorhynchus mykiss and daphnia magna was evaluated using acute toxicity testing. static nonrenewal bioassays ... | 2007 | 17385594 |
| organization of the torus longitudinalis in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): an immunohistochemical study of the gabaergic system and a dii tract-tracing study. | the torus longitudinalis (tl) is a tectum-associated structure of actinopterygian fishes. the organization of the tl of rainbow trout was studied with nissl staining, golgi methods, immunocytochemistry with antibodies to gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba), glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad), and the gaba(a) receptor subunits delta and beta2/beta 3, and with tract tracing methods. two types of neuron were characterized: medium-sized gabaergic neurons and small gaba-negative granule cells. gaba(a) rece ... | 2007 | 17492628 |
| effect of high pressure treatment on the quality of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and mahi mahi (coryphaena hippurus). | high pressure processing (hpp) is becoming a promising seafood preservation method. the objective was to investigate the effect of hpp on quality of rainbow trout and mahi mahi during cold storage. skinless fillets treated with different pressures (150, 300, 450, and 600 mpa for 15 min) and stored at 4 degrees c were analyzed at 1, 3, and 6 d storage. red muscle was analyzed for lipid oxidation products by measuring thiobarbituric reactive substances (tbars) and whole muscle was analyzed for tot ... | 2007 | 18034712 |
| assessment of mercuric chloride toxicity on rainbow trouts (oncorhynchus mykiss) and chubs (alburnoides bipunctatus). | acute toxicity of mercury-ii chloride (hgcl2), one of most toxic pollutants for aquatic ecosystems, in chub (alburnoides bipunctatus) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was investigated in the present study. actual concentration of hgcl2 was ranged from 0.10 to 8.00 mg l(-1). concentrations of hgcl2 that killed 50% of the chub and rainbow trout within 96 h (96 h lc50) were estimated as 0.205 and 0.814 mg l(-1), respectively. acute toxicity tests were evaluated by the finney's probit analysi ... | 2007 | 19070058 |
| the c3 subtypes are differentially regulated after immunostimulation in rainbow trout, but head kidney macrophages do not contribute to c3 transcription. | the complement system plays key roles in innate and adaptive immunity through mediating phagocytosis, chemotaxis and cell lysis. complement component c3 is a central component in the complement cascade and belongs to the acute-phase proteins whose synthesis increase immediately upon inflammatory stimuli. the liver is the main producer of c3 and it is a well-known fact that the mammalian monocyte-macrophage lineage is a major contributor to extrahepatic c3. immunomodulators, such as lps and beta- ... | 2007 | 17449114 |
| intestinal ph profile in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and microhabitat preference of the flagellate spironucleus salmonis (diplomonadida). | in farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, the flagellate spironucleus salmonis (diplomonadida) is often found in the pyloric region of the intestine. while previous in vitro studies report a ph of 7.5 to 8.0 as optimal for presumed s. salmonis, no previous in vivo studies have investigated the relationship between ph and microhabitat preference. therefore, in 698 rainbow trout (75% were 5 to 6 mo old juveniles, 10 to 20 cm total length), we recorded occurrence and density of s. salmonis, and ... | 2007 | 17803110 |
| liver 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid oxygenase activity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 1. in rainbow trout, 3haa activity was comparable with those of terrestrial animals; 3haa:pc activity ratio suggests ineffective conversion of tryptophan to niacin. 2. inactivation as well as reactivation under different conditions was investigated. 3. some characteristics of the enzyme extract were studied with the aim of optimizing assay in fish. | 2007 | 1764908 |
| conserved expression of alternative splicing variants of peroxisomal acyl-coa oxidase 1 in vertebrates and developmental and nutritional regulation in fish. | the acyl-coenzyme a oxidase 1 (acox1) catalyzes the first, rate-limiting step in peroxisomal beta-oxidation of medium to very long straight-chain fatty acids. zebrafish (danio rerio) acox1 was characterized and compared with homologs from other sequenced genomes, revealing a remarkable conservation of structure in the vertebrate lineage. strictly conserved regions of the deduced proteins included acyl-coa oxidase and fad binding domains, as well as a cooh-terminal peroxisomal targeting signal. w ... | 2007 | 17090698 |
| lack of circadian regulation of in vitro melatonin release from the pineal organ of salmonid teleosts. | in many teleost species, the photoreceptive pineal organ harbors the circadian clock that regulates melatonin release in the pineal organ itself. however, the pineal organ of three salmonids (rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, masu salmon oncorhynchus masou, and sockeye salmon oncorhynchus nerka) did not exhibit circadian rhythms in melatonin release when maintained under constant darkness (dd) in vitro, suggesting that the pineal organs of all salmonids lack the circadian regulation of melatoni ... | 2007 | 17681505 |
| bacillus subtilis ab1 controls aeromonas infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum). | to develop a probiotic with effectiveness against aeromonas sp., which was pathogenic to rainbow trout. | 2007 | 17953580 |
| characterization of glycans in the developmental stages of myxobolus cerebralis (myxozoa), the causative agent of whirling disease. | glycans and sugar-binding molecules (lectins) form an interactive recognition system, which may enable parasitic organisms to adhere to host cells and migrate into target tissues. the aim of the present study was to analyse surface-associated glycans in the developmental stages of myxobolus cerebralis (hofer), the causative agent of whirling disease. a panel of biotin-labelled plant lectins was used to detect a broad spectrum of glycan motifs with high specificity. binding sites were detected hi ... | 2007 | 17958607 |
| microhabitat selection of gyrodactylus salaris malmberg on different salmonids. | the microhabitat selection of the ectoparasite gyrodactylus salaris (laerdalselva strain, norway) was investigated concurrently with studies on the parasite population growth on five strains of atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., and a strain of danish rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). the salmon used were hatchery-reared parr of east atlantic strains [river conon (scotland), river storå (western denmark) and river atran (western sweden)] and baltic strains [lule and ume (eastern sweden ... | 2007 | 18034680 |
| amino acid, fatty acid, and mineral profiles of materials recovered from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) processing by-products using isoelectric solubilization/precipitation. | protein, lipid, and insolubles (bones, skin, scales, fins, insoluble protein, and more) were recovered from rainbow trout processing by-products by means of isoelectric solubilization/precipitation at basic ph and acidic ph. isoelectric solubilization/precipitation of the trout processing by-products resulted in the recovery of protein that was higher (p < 0.05) in essential amino acids (eaas), non-eaas, and total eaa/total aa ratio when compared to the processing by-products. basic ph treatment ... | 2007 | 18034715 |
| determination of xenobiotic intrinsic clearance in freshly isolated hepatocytes from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and rat and its application in bioaccumulation assessment. | bioaccumulation in fish depends on the dynamics of various processes that involve fish uptake, storage, and elimination of xenobiotics. elimination via fish biotransformation is a primary process that can be evaluated in an in vitro system to improve the performance of the prediction of xenobiotic bioaccumulation potentials. in this study, values of intrinsic clearance (clint) of seven reference compounds (atrazine, molinate, 4,4-bis(dimethylamino)-benzophenone, 4-nonylphenol, 2,4-di-tert-butylp ... | 2007 | 17539536 |
| proteomic analyses indicate induction of hepatic carbonyl reductase/20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase b in rainbow trout exposed to sewage effluent. | proteomic analyses were performed to identify regulated liver proteins in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) caged upstream and downstream from a sewage treatment works (stw). two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, image analysis and ft-icr mass-spectrometry revealed four regulated protein spots. the three down-regulated spots contained betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and an unidentified protein respectively. the only up-regulated spot consisted of both mitochondrial atp syn ... | 2007 | 17543385 |
| development of a base set of toxicity tests using ultrafine tio2 particles as a component of nanoparticle risk management. | the development of a risk management system for nanoscale or ultrafine particle-types requires a base set of hazard data. assessing risk is a function of hazard and exposure data. previously, we have suggested "parallel tracks" as a strategy for conducting nanoparticle research. on the one hand, mechanistic studies on "representative" nanoparticles could be supported by governmental agencies. alternatively, with regard to commercial nanoparticles, the environmental, health and safety (ehs) frame ... | 2007 | 17566673 |
| tracing salmon-derived nutrients and contaminants in freshwater food webs across a pronounced spawner density gradient. | many have demonstrated that anadromous pacific salmon are significant vectors of nutrients from the ocean to freshwaters. recently. however, it has been recognized that salmon spawners also input significant quantities of contaminants. the objectives of this paper are to delineate the extent to which salmon-derived nutrients are integrated into the freshwater food web using delta(15)n and delta(13)c and to assess the influence of the salmon pathway in the accumulation of contaminants in rainbow ... | 2007 | 17571673 |
| microbial diversity of intestinal contents and mucus in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the aim of this study was to understand the microbial community of intestinal contents and mucosal layer in the intestine of rainbow trout by means of culture-dependent conventional and independent molecular techniques. | 2007 | 17578431 |
| assessing the impact of a downscaled climate change simulation on the fish fauna in an inner-alpine river. | this study assesses the impact of a changing climate on fish fauna by comparing the past mean state of fish assemblage to a possible future mean state. it is based on (1) local scale observations along an inner-alpine river called mur, (2) an ipcc emission scenario (is92a), implemented by atmosphere-ocean global circulation model (aogcm) echam4/opyc3, and (3) a model-chain that links climate research to hydrobiology. the mur river is still in a near-natural condition and water temperature in sum ... | 2007 | 17587065 |
| expanded geographical distribution of myxobolus cerebralis: first detections from alaska. | the parasite responsible for salmonid whirling disease, myxobolus cerebralis, was introduced to the usa in 1958. it has since spread across the country causing severe declines in wild trout populations, but has never been documented from alaska. however, while assessing the risk of introduction of m. cerebralis into the state, we detected the parasite using a species-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay. testing of 180 hatchery rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), by pepsin tr ... | 2007 | 17640251 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) ccaat/enhancer binding protein genes and their responses to induction by gh in vitro and in vivo. | ccaat/enhancer-binding proteins (c/ebps) are transcription factors consisting of six isoforms and play diverse physiological roles in vertebrates. in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), in addition to the reported c/ebpbeta1, we have isolated cdna of four other isoforms, c/ebpalpha, c/ebpbeta2, c/ebpdelta1, c/ebpdelta2, from the liver. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of rainbow trout c/ebps with those of other vertebrates revealed that c/ebp isoforms are highly conserved. the prof ... | 2007 | 17641287 |
| enhancement of the immune response and protection induced by probiotic lactic acid bacteria against furunculosis in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | we analysed the effect of probiotic strains on the cellular and humoral immune responses of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and their capacity to prevent furunculosis during a challenge trial. probiotic strains (lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis clfp 100, leuconostoc mesenteroides clfp 196, and lactobacillus sakei clfp 202) were administered orally to fish for 2 weeks at 10(6) cfu g(-1) of feed. in comparison to untreated control fish, the phagocytic activity of head kidney leukocytes and the ... | 2007 | 17645738 |
| the effects of three organic chemicals on the upper thermal tolerances of four freshwater fishes. | the upper temperature tolerance limits of four freshwater fish species, silver perch bidyanus bidyanus, eastern rainbowfish melanotaenia duboulayi, western carp gudgeon hypseleotris klunzingeri, and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, were determined using the critical thermal maximum (ctmaximum) method. the ctmaximum tests were carried out with unexposed fish and fish exposed to sublethal concentrations of endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, and phenol to determine whether or not the ctmaximum was affecte ... | 2007 | 17665686 |
| acute and subacute toxic effects produced by microcystin-yr on the fish cell lines rtg-2 and plhc-1. | approximately 80 microcystins (mcs) variants have been isolated in surface water worldwide. the toxicity of the most frequently mcs are encountered, mc-lr and mc-rr, has been extensively studied in humans and animals. however, studies dealing with mc-yr toxicity are still scarce. in this work, the toxic effects of mc-yr were investigated in the fish cell line plhc-1, derived from a hepatocellular carcinoma of the topminnow poeciliopsis lucida, and rtg-2 fibroblast-like cells derived from the gon ... | 2007 | 17706912 |
| cross-reactivity of human leukocyte differentiation antigen monoclonal antibodies on carp and rainbow trout cells. | three hundred and seventy-seven monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against human cd antigens and non-classified human leukocyte surface antigens were assayed for their reactivity with common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) and thymocytes within the animal homologue section of the 8th international workshop on human leukocyte differentiation antigens (hlda8). four of the mabs clearly reacted with rainbow trout pbl and two with ... | 2007 | 17707517 |
| alphavirus infections in salmonids--a review. | the first alphavirus to be isolated from fish was recorded in 1995 with the isolation of salmon pancreas disease virus from atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., in ireland. subsequently, the closely related sleeping disease virus was isolated from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), in france. more recently norwegian salmonid alphavirus (sav) has been isolated from marine phase production of atlantic salmon and rainbow trout in norway. these three viruses are closely related and are now co ... | 2007 | 17718707 |
| pancreas disease in farmed atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., and rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), in norway. | the present paper describes, for the first time, clinical signs and pathological findings of pancreas disease (pd) in farmed atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., and rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), in sea water in norway. similarities and differences with reports of pd from ireland and scotland are discussed. samples of 68 rainbow trout from disease outbreaks on 14 farms and from 155 atlantic salmon from outbreaks on 20 farms collected from 1996 to 2004 were included in the present stu ... | 2007 | 17718709 |
| identification of a second group of type i ifns in fish sheds light on ifn evolution in vertebrates. | in this report, three type i ifn genes were identified in rainbow trout (rt) oncorhynchus mykiss and are classified into two groups based on their primary protein sequences: group i containing two cysteine residues; and group ii containing four cysteines residues. the group i rtifns were induced in fibroblasts (rtg-2 cells), macrophages (rts-11 cells), and head kidney leukocytes when stimulated with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, whereas group ii ifn was up-regulated in head kidney leukocytes ... | 2007 | 17785823 |
| sequence analysis of omnramp alpha and quantitative expression of nramp homologues in different trout strains after infection with myxobolus cerebralis. | salmonid whirling disease caused by the metazoan parasite myxobolus cerebralis is an ongoing problem in wild and farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss populations. rainbow trout from different strains vary in susceptibility to the parasite. identification of underlying mechanisms could be a starting point for improved control of the disease. we conducted infection trials using 2 rainbow trout strains and brown trout salmo trutta fario, a species not susceptible to the parasite, to investigate ... | 2007 | 17803108 |
| gill erod in monitoring of cyp1a inducers in fish: a study in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) caged in stockholm and uppsala waters. | the gill filament 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod) assay was evaluated as a monitoring tool for waterborne cytochrome p4501a (cyp1a) inducers using rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) caged in urban area waters in sweden. to compare the cyp1a induction response in different tissues, erod activity was also analyzed in liver and kidney microsomes. immunohistochemistry was used to localize cyp1a protein in gill and kidney. in two separate experiments fish were caged at sites with fairly high e ... | 2007 | 17826851 |
| the development of probiotics for the control of multiple bacterial diseases of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | jb-1 and gc2, which were equated with bacillus sp. and aeromonas sobria respectively, were recovered from the digestive tract of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss and ghost carp, cyprinus sp. respectively, and demonstrated effectiveness as probiotics for the control of infections caused by aeromonas salmonicida, lactococcus garvieae, streptococcus iniae, vibrio anguillarum, vibrio ordalii and yersinia ruckeri. when administered to rainbow trout (average weight = 12 g) for 14 days in feed dosed ... | 2007 | 17850573 |
| fish genotype significantly influences susceptibility of juvenile rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), to waterborne infection with infectious salmon anaemia virus. | 2007 | 17850579 | |
| ultraviolet b irradiation affects resistance of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) against bacterium yersinia ruckeri and trematode diplostomum spathaceum. | ultraviolet b (uvb) radiation is known to have various effects on the immune system of fish, but the effect on the actual disease resistance has remained largely unknown. here we studied the effect of uvb on the resistance of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) against a bacterium yersinia ruckeri, the causative agent of enteric red mouth disease, and a trematode parasite diplostomum spathaceum, which causes cataracts in fish. the fish were exposed to uvb irradiation seven times in 14 days, and ... | 2007 | 17880522 |
| protein recovery from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) processing byproducts via isoelectric solubilization/precipitation and its gelation properties as affected by functional additives. | solubility of rainbow trout proteins was determined between ph 1.5 and 13.0 and various ionic strengths (is). minimum solubility occurred at ph 5.5; however, when is = 0.2, the minimum solubility shifted toward more acidic ph. isoelectric solubilization/precipitation was applied to trout processing byproducts (fish meat left over on bones, head, skin, etc.), resulting in protein recovery yields (kjeldahl, dry basis) between 77.7% and 89.0%, depending of the ph used for solubilization and precipi ... | 2007 | 17902629 |
| evidence for the presence of a glucosensor in hypothalamus, hindbrain, and brockmann bodies of rainbow trout. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the existence of a glucosensor in different regions of the brain and in the brockmann bodies (bb) of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. five groups (n = 12) of trout were injected intraperitoneally with saline alone (control) or saline-containing bovine glucagon (100 mug/kg), bovine insulin (4 mg/kg), 2-deoxy-d-glucose (100 mg/kg), or d-glucose (500 mg/kg) to promote hyperglycemia (glucagon, d-glucose, 2-deoxy-d-glucose) or hypoglycemia (insulin). six h ... | 2007 | 17170235 |
| ultrastructure and molecular diagnosis of spironucleus salmonis (diplomonadida) from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in germany. | diplomonad flagellates infect a wide range of fish hosts in aquaculture and in the wild in north america, asia and europe. intestinal diplomonad infection in juvenile farmed trout can be associated with morbidity and mortality, and in germany, diplomonads in trout are commonly reported, and yet are poorly characterised. we therefore undertook a comprehensive study of diplomonads from german rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and sequencing of ... | 2007 | 17523542 |