Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| distinct families of site-specific retrotransposons occupy identical positions in the rrna genes of anopheles gambiae. | two distinct site-specific retrotransposon families, named rt1 and rt2, from the sibling mosquito species anopheles gambiae and a. arabiensis, respectively, were previously identified. both were shown to occupy identical nucleotide positions in the 28s rrna gene and to be flanked by identical 17-bp target site duplications. full-length representatives of each have been isolated from a single species, a. gambiae, and the nucleotide sequences have been analyzed. beyond insertion specificity, rt1 a ... | 1992 | 1328871 |
| anopheles nili as the main vector of human malaria in villages of southern cameroon. | in villages near sanaga river, in the forest zone of south cameroon, anopheles nili theobald is the main species of mosquito regularly found biting man inside houses. its densities are related to the flow level of the river. it is also the main malaria vector in terms of intensity and seasonal duration of transmission. the yearly malaria inoculation rate due to an. nili alone is 104 infective bites/man, varying between 3 infective bites/man in october and 20 in march. anopheles gambiae giles is ... | 1992 | 1421483 |
| efficacy of bacillus sphaericus against the malaria vector anopheles gambiae and other mosquitoes in swamps and rice fields in zaire. | the microbial control of anopheles gambiae and other mosquitoes with a granular formulation of bacillus sphaericus (vectolex) was evaluated in rice fields and swamps, located around the suburban region of kingabwa-village in kinshasa, zaíre. ten treatment cycles with 15-day intervals were carried out with the same application rate, 10 kg/ha, during the dry season (may to september 1991). the treatments reduced larval populations of an. gambiae by 98% after 48 h, but repetitive applications were ... | 1992 | 1361940 |
| intraspecific chromosomal polymorphism in the anopheles gambiae complex as a factor affecting malaria transmission in the kisumu area of kenya. | the paracentric inversion polymorphisms of anopheles gambiae and an. arabiensis populations in the kisumu area of western kenya were studied in relation to parameters of plasmodium falciparum transmission. anopheles gambiae (n = 1,387) was polymorphic for inversions b on chromosomal arm 2r and a on arm 2l, with frequencies of the inverted arrangements of 17% and 43%, respectively. anopheles arabiensis (n = 484) was polymorphic for inversion b on chromosomal arm 2r and a on 3r, with frequencies o ... | 1992 | 1539757 |
| evaluation of the residual efficacy of permethrin-impregnated screens used against mosquitoes in marigat, baringo district, kenya. | insecticide-impregnated screens and bednets are gradually finding wider use in malaria control programmes. the efficacy of these devices is dependent on the method of application, the acceptability by the people and effectiveness of the insecticide used. the present studies were carried out to determine the duration of the effectiveness of a permethrin-impregnated wall cloth (mbu cloth) used in the marigat area of baringo district, kenya in order to ensure its effective use. cotton cloth impregn ... | 1992 | 1363445 |
| a new odour-baited trap to collect host-seeking mosquitoes. | a new odour-baited entry trap which releases an air stream containing chemical cues collected from a bait, has been used successfully to collect west african mosquito species, most of them important vectors of malaria, such as anopheles gambiae s.l. and an. funestus. 85% of the yield consisted of live, unfed and partially fed specimens. the trap has some practical and theoretical advantages over similar sampling techniques. | 1993 | 7915027 |
| comparison of two ribosomal dna-based methods for differentiating members of the anopheles gambiae complex (diptera: culicidae). | two dna-based methods, the restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr), were used to identify mosquitoes of the anopheles gambiae giles complex collected in kenya. field-collected specimens of an. gambiae, an. arabiensis patton, and an. merus donity were tested. from a sample of 208 mosquitoes, 181 (87%) were identified by the rflp method and 205 (99%) were identified by the pcr method. there was complete concordance between the two methods with regard to ... | 1993 | 8096250 |
| cytotoxicity and adp-ribosylating activity of the mosquitocidal toxin from bacillus sphaericus ssii-1: possible roles of the 27- and 70-kilodalton peptides. | clones expressing regions of the 100-kda bacillus sphaericus ssii-1 mosquitocidal toxin (mtx) as fusion proteins with glutathione s-transferase were constructed, and the toxin-derived peptides were purified. the in vitro adp-ribosylation activities of these peptides and their effects on larvae and cells in culture were studied. mtx25 (amino acids 30 to 493) was found to adp-ribosylate two proteins with molecular masses of 38 and 42 kda, respectively, in culex quinquefasciatus (g7) cell extracts, ... | 1993 | 8096838 |
| anthropophilic mosquitoes and malaria transmission at edea, cameroon. | an entomological study was carried out during 1990 in the town of edea in the south of cameroon to study anthropophilic mosquitoes with special reference to malaria transmission. man-biting mosquitoes were caught regularly during one night each month in two different districts: bilalang which is a well planned suburb with 160 houses on a hill-top, provided with a piped water supply; and pongo which is a densely urbanised suburb in a valley. from 188 man-nights 1030 mosquitoes were collected, com ... | 1993 | 8100084 |
| polytene chromosome microdissection and molecular genome mapping in drosophila and other dipterans. | we are constructing a molecular physical map of the drosophila melanogaster genome, using microdissection of polytene chromosomes as a source of region specific probes applied to direct mapping work. chromosome microdissection has been used for a low resolution map of the anopheles gambiae s.s. genome. | 1993 | 8233623 |
| experimental infections of anopheles gambiae with plasmodium falciparum of naturally infected gametocyte carriers in cameroon: factors influencing the infectivity to mosquitoes. | factors which could influence the success of experimental infections of anopheles gambiae with plasmodium falciparum were investigated in cameroon. 139 experimental infections with different gametocyte carriers were performed. 86 (62%) gave rise to mosquito infection after dissection of at least 20 mosquitoes. among succeeding infections, the mean percentage of infected mosquitoes was 18.6% and mean oocyst load per positive midgut was 2.56. only gametocyte density was identified as a factor whic ... | 1993 | 8134766 |
| codon usage patterns in chromosomal and retrotransposon genes of the mosquito anopheles gambiae. | codon usage was compiled for fourteen chromosomal genes and four retrotransposons from the mosquito anopheles gambiae. variation exists among chromosomal genes in the degree of bias. the genes showing the highest bias are probably most highly expressed. in these genes, the base composition at the third codon position is much richer in g + c than is the overall coding sequence. thus, codon usage is biased toward g- or c-ending codons. codon usage in each retrotransposon is quite different, not on ... | 1993 | 8269095 |
| [malaria indices, larval ecology and trophic activity of anopheles mosquitoes in djohong (adamaoua, cameroon) in the rainy season]. | in djohong in the wet season the prevalence of malaria is 17.5% for plasmodium falciparum and 1.1% for plasmodium malariae. in children 2 to 9 years of age the plasmodic index is 38.6% (mesoendemicity) for the children of the peasants and 9.4% for those belonging to other socioeconomical groups. in infants less than 12 months old, the plasmodic index is 9.3%, this relatively high rate corresponding to the high transmission period of the rainy season. anopheles gambiae is the mosquito species mos ... | 1993 | 8289630 |
| entomological risk factors for severe malaria in a peri-urban area of the gambia. | a study was undertaken of possible entomological risk factors for severe malaria in a peri-urban area of the gambia. households of children who had experienced a severe or a mild attack of malaria and of matched controls were visited and their characteristics recorded. mosquitoes were then collected in the bedrooms of study subjects using both insecticide spray catches and light traps. mud-walled buildings and bedrooms without ceilings were found more frequently in the households of children who ... | 1993 | 8311575 |
| a malaria control trial using insecticide-treated bed nets and targeted chemoprophylaxis in a rural area of the gambia, west africa. 3. entomological characteristics of the study area. | baseline entomological surveillance was carried out in a rural area of the gambia during the rainy season in 1988, one year before the implementation of a malaria control programme using insecticide-impregnated nets and targeted chemoprophylaxis in villages with a primary health care (phc) system. mosquito collections took place in 6 pairs of settlements each with untreated bed nets; within each pair there was a large phc village with a resident village health worker (vhw) and traditional birth ... | 1993 | 8212105 |
| evaluation of light traps for sampling anopheline mosquitoes in kilifi, kenya. | anopheline mosquitoes were sampled inside houses, where residents slept under untreated bednets, by cdc light traps and human-biting catches to evaluate light traps as a means for determining human exposure to malaria vectors in kilifi district, kenya. mosquitoes were sampled during 2 all-night collections by light traps and one all-night biting catch in a series of 262 houses. collections yielded 1,721 anopheles gambiae s.l. and 46 an. funestus, and 60.3% of the houses were negative for anophel ... | 1993 | 8245934 |
| laboratory evaluation of the irritancy of bendiocarb, lambda-cyhalothrin and ddt to anopheles gambiae. | in a laboratory study, the irritancy of bendiocarb, lambda-cyhalothrin and ddt to anopheles gambiae was evaluated at field, 1/3 field and 1/10 field rates using who conical exposure chambers and excito-repellency test boxes. bendiocarb was the least irritant insecticide at all rates, inducing levels of takeoff, flight and exiting behavior similar to those of a distilled water control treatment. of those mosquitoes introduced to the bendiocarb-treated boxes, not more than 1% exited and survived a ... | 1993 | 8245937 |
| identification of single specimens of the anopheles gambiae complex by the polymerase chain reaction. | a ribosomal dna-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method has been developed for species identification of individuals of the five most widespread members of the anopheles gambiae complex, a group of morphologically indistinguishable sibling mosquito species that includes the major vectors of malaria in africa. the method, which is based on species-specific nucleotide sequences in the ribosomal dna intergenic spacers, may be used to identify both species and interspecies hybrids, regardless of life ... | 1993 | 8214283 |
| low-level plasmodium falciparum transmission and the incidence of severe malaria infections on the kenyan coast. | the transmission of plasmodium falciparum was studied in relation to the incidence of severe malaria infections at sokoke and kilifi town, kilifi district, kenya. intensive mosquito sampling during a one-year period yielded anopheles gambiae s.l., an. funestus, and an. coustani. anopheles gambiae s.l. was the predominant vector, comprising 87.9% and 97.9% of the total anophelines collected in sokoke and kilifi town, respectively. the proportion of an. gambiae s.l. with p. falciparum sporozoite i ... | 1993 | 8357087 |
| immunological localization of bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis toxins in midgut cells of intoxicated anopheles gambiae larvae (diptera: culicidae). | fourth instar larvae of anopheles gambiae were intoxicated with doses of purified crystals from bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (bti) corresponding to 50-fold the lc50 after 24 h. midguts were dissected after various contact times, then processed for immuno-light and -electron microscopy. immunodetection on thin sections was performed using affinity-purified rabbit igg against bti crystal cryivd or cyta polypeptides, in combination with anti-rabbit igg/peroxidase. both polypeptides we ... | 1993 | 8248622 |
| field testing an enzyme-linked synthetic oligonucleotide probe for identification of anopheles gambiae s.s. and an. arabiensis. | tests were carried out in kenya to determine whether the enzyme-linked synthetic oligonucleotide probe (pana 1) developed for identifying species of the anopheles gambiae complex could be used under field conditions. the an. arabiensis male-specific pana 1 probe was able to identify all male larval instars and adult males. however, the non-radioactive assay was not sufficiently sensitive to identify male sperm dna in all the mated female an. arabiensis. although the ratio of an. arabiensis to an ... | 1993 | 8122921 |
| resistance of anopheles gambiae s.s. to pyrethroids in côte d'ivoire. | 1993 | 8129474 | |
| qualitative and quantitative changes in glutathione s-transferases in the mosquito anopheles gambiae confer ddt-resistance. | 1993 | 8135927 | |
| [comparison of pcr and cytogenetic methods for the identification of mosquito species of the anopheles gambiae complex in senegal]. | the classical cytological technique and a new pcr technique were compared for the identification of mosquito species of the anopheles gambiae complex. fifty seven specimens, caught in three different bioclimatic senegalese regions, were tested. thirty two an. gambiae and 25 an. arabiensis were determined by both methods. all the results were similar. the advantages of each method are discussed. | 1993 | 8154786 |
| [epidemiological malaria surveillance in 3 villages of the madagascar highlands]. | results of the epidemiological surveillance of falciparum malaria carried out since 1987 in three villages of the malagasy highlands are reported. they clearly show the unsteady endemo-epidemic characteristic of the disease with highly variable transmission levels according to foci. at manarintsoa, a south-western village 20km away from the capital, the disease has now fully disappeared after the ravage of 1986. but it might reappear with new imported cases and by lack of antivectorial measures. ... | 1993 | 8192540 |
| the ecology and behaviour of the forest form of anopheles gambiae s.s. | studies on the ecology of anopheles gambiae s.s. and the transmission of malaria were undertaken in a high rainfall forested area in southern sierra leone. anopheles gambiae s.s., identified by chromosomal techniques as the forest form, was the only malaria vector in the study village. surprisingly, rice fields or swamps were not favoured breeding places for this species; breeding mainly occurred in temporary pools. the mean annual sporozoite rate of an. gambiae s.s. determined by elisa was 3.9% ... | 1993 | 8233612 |
| visual assessment of sporozoite elisa results is as reliable as a plate reader in determining infection rates in field samples of anopheles gambiae s.s. | 1993 | 8266421 | |
| malaria transmission-blocking activity in the plasma of plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriers in cameroon. | experimental infections of anopheles gambiae were carried out with plasmodium falciparum gametocytes from 65 naturally infected patients in cameroon. a comparison was made between infections with blood containing autologous plasma and blood in which the plasma was replaced by plasma from donors without previous malaria exposure. a lower mosquito-infection rate was observed in 50 out of 65 autologous plasma samples. the transmission was completely blocked in 8 infections, whilst belonging exposur ... | 1993 | 8233616 |
| temporal and spatial expression of serine protease genes in anopheles gambiae. | serine proteases play a crucial role during the digestion of the blood meal in the mosquito gut. the isolation and the analysis of the genomic organisation of the corresponding genes may lead to the characterization of gut-specific, inducible promoters, suitable for the expression of anti-parasitic agents in the gut of transgenic mosquitoes. we report here on the identification of a trypsin and a chymotrypsin gene family of anopheles gambiae. following a blood meal, the transcription of all memb ... | 1993 | 8233618 |
| importance of low dispersion of anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae) on malaria transmission in hilly towns in south cameroon. | the dispersion of anopheles gambiae giles s.l. from larval breeding places was examined in the towns of yaounde and edea, cameroon. the study areas are characterized by hilly reliefs of approximately 40 m and by larval breeding places in the swampy valleys. mosquito density was estimated by night-biting indoor catches carried out during 1 yr in three districts, with four collecting houses in each, along a transect from 0 (at the valley bottom) to 350 m (at the hilltop). in each district, the hum ... | 1993 | 8254644 |
| evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction method for identifying members of the anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae) complex in southern africa. | chromosomally and electrophoretically identified field samples of members of the anopheles gambiae giles complex from southern africa and colony material were used to test the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method of identification. the samples included an. arabiensis patton, an. quadriannulatus theobald, and an. merus donitz. only one of the 217 specimens examined was disputed. twenty specimens (9%) were reamplified because of the presence of multiple bands or lack of amplification after the f ... | 1993 | 8254648 |
| malaria in urban and rural kinshasa: the entomological input. | mosquitoes were collected on human bait over a 16-month period (september 1988 to december 1989) in an urban and a rural area of kinshasa, zaïre. p. falciparum malaria sporozoite rates were determined by elisa. in the urban area culex quinquefasciatus accounts for 96% of the 121 bites/person/night (b/p/n). the only anopheline is anopheles gambiae, sensu stricto, with an average of 5.1 b/p/n and a sporozoite rate of 1.86%. the entomological inoculation rate (eir) averages 0.08 infective b/p/n. ma ... | 1993 | 8481529 |
| prospects for the use of larvivorous fish for malaria control in ethiopia: search for indigenous species and evaluation of their feeding capacity for mosquito larvae. | because of problems with drug and insecticide resistance, the national organization for the control of malaria and other vectorborne diseases, ethiopia, has embarked on a programme of research on alternative malaria control methods, including the use of biological control agents, such as larvivorous fish. the objectives of the study were to identify indigenous larvivorous fish species which could be potential candidates for use as biological control agents; to extend knowledge of their distribut ... | 1993 | 8429570 |
| effects of adult body size on fecundity and the pre-gravid rate of anopheles gambiae females in tanzania. | the influence of adult body size on the pre-gravid state and fecundity was studied in anopheles gambiae giles females hand-caught inside houses and virgin females collected as pupae in tanzania. blood-fed mosquitoes were kept for 2-3 days before dissection and examination for insemination and ovarian condition. those females which did not develop eggs were classified as pre-gravid. the number of mature eggs in those mosquitoes which became gravid was counted. virgin females were fed and kept for ... | 1993 | 8268486 |
| enzyme variation at the aspartate aminotransferase locus in members of the anopheles gambiae complex (diptera: culicidae). | the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (aat) currently is used to identify anopheles quadriannulatus theobald, the animal-biting, nonmalaria vector species of the anopheles gambiae complex. samples of an. quadriannulatus from south africa and an. gambiae giles s.str. from the island of grand comoros and the people's republic of congo have shown variation in electromorph frequencies that indicate that aat has five alleles. the three slowest alleles are found in an. quadriannulatus and the three fa ... | 1993 | 8459407 |
| variation in attractiveness of human subjects to malaria mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in the gambia. | during experimental hut trials to assess the efficacy of insecticide-treated bednets against malaria mosquitoes, we observed that human subjects varied consistently in their attractiveness to mosquitoes. attractiveness was assessed by estimating the numbers of wild anopheles gambiae giles mosquitoes entering a hut in which a man was sleeping, and the numbers of human-bloodfed an. gambiae sensu lato collected from each hut each morning. five trials were carried out at wali kunda in rural gambia d ... | 1993 | 8459413 |
| confirmation that plasmodium falciparum has aperiodic infectivity to anopheles gambiae. | in preparation for field studies of transmission-blocking malaria vaccines, a study was carried out to determine whether p. falciparum infections obtained in an. gambiae blood-fed at 16.00 hours were quantitatively similar to infections obtained at 23.00 hours. using a group of children aged 5-12 years from villages at ahero, near kisumu in kenya, 71/74 (96%) of whom were found to be positive for p.falciparum parasitaemia, one batch of fifty colony-bred an.gambiae females were fed on volunteers ... | 1993 | 8268494 |
| random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers readily distinguish cryptic mosquito species (diptera: culicidae: anopheles). | the usefulness of random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) was examined as a potential tool to differentiate cryptic mosquito species. it proved to be a quick, effective means of finding genetic markers to separate two laboratory populations of morphologically indistinguishable african malaria vectors, anopheles gambiae and an. arabiensis. in an initial screening of fifty-seven rapd primers, 377 bands were produced, 295 of which differed between the two species. based on criteria of interpretabil ... | 1993 | 8269099 |
| members of a trypsin gene family in anopheles gambiae are induced in the gut by blood meal. | serine proteases are among the enzymes that play a crucial role during the digestion of the blood meal in the gut of mosquitoes. the identification of the corresponding genes would have important implications for the control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases. analysis of the genomic organization of these genes may lead to the isolation of a gut-specific, inducible promoter for the expression of anti-parasitic agents in transgenic mosquitoes. moreover, specific inhibitors could be designe ... | 1993 | 8335004 |
| [the culicidian fauna and its nuisance in kinshasha (zaire)]. | a public health study to inventory bloodsucking mosquitoes was conducted in kinshasa and its regions. 20 culicidian species were represented by 7 anopheles, 6 culex, 5 aedes and 2 mansonia. in general, the number of bites/man/night (b/m/n) was in average 141.5 of cx. quinquefasciatus, 60.1 of cx. antennatus, 21.1 of m. africana, 16.3 of an. gambiae and 7.7 of m. uniformis. the nuisance is different from region to other. culex quinquefasciatus is the most abundant and aggressive species in the ur ... | 1993 | 8504267 |
| a detailed genetic map for the x chromosome of the malaria vector, anopheles gambiae. | anopheles gambiae, the primary vector of human malaria in africa, is responsible for approximately a million deaths per year, mostly of children. despite its significance in disease transmission, this mosquito has not been studied extensively by genetic or molecular techniques. to facilitate studies on this vector, a genetic map has been developed that covers the x chromosome at an average resolution of 2 centimorgans. this map has been integrated with the chromosome banding pattern and used to ... | 1993 | 8342025 |
| bloodfeeding behavior of anopheles gambiae s.l. and anopheles funestus in kilifi district, kenya. | blood meal samples were tested by elisa for 534 anopheles gambiae s.l. and 76 anopheles funestus collected from 25 sites in kilifi district, kenya. human igg was detected in 94.4% of the an. gambiae s.l. and in 90.8% of the an. funestus. no samples were positive for cow and only a few were positive for goat. both species fed predominantly on humans irrespective of host availability. at these sites on the kenyan coast, the high degree of human-feeding by malaria vectors contributes to the efficie ... | 1993 | 8350080 |
| analysis of mosquito bloodmeals by dna profiling. | human specific genetic markers have been used to profile the human dna found within a mosquito bloodmeal. in this technique, variable numbers of tandem repeat (vntr) sequences are employed to prime amplification of human dna in the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and the radiolabelled products are analysed by high resolution denaturing gel electrophoresis. matching of dna profiles allows identification of the individual human host. bloodmeals of 125 female anopheles gambiae giles mosquitoes, cau ... | 1993 | 8369554 |
| genetic study of the susceptibility of anopheles gambiae to infection with malaria parasites. | 1993 | 8233605 | |
| multiple blood meals as a reproductive strategy in anopheles (diptera: culicidae) | multiple blood meals within one gonotrophic cycle were taken readily at 6-24-hr intervals by nulliparous female anopheles albimanus wiedemann. up to five blood meals were ingested and with each blood meal, more primary follicles matured as well as some secondary ones. this produced an irregular oviposition pattern that questioned the concept of gonotrophic concordance. the first blood meal initiated limited vitellogenesis and the maturation of few follicles. instead, protein was diverted to the ... | 1993 | 8271256 |
| salivary gland surface carbohydrate variations in three species of the anopheles gambiae complex. | fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-conjugated lectins (agglutinins) were employed as probes to distinguish between the various carbohydrates present on the surface of salivary glands of three species of mosquito of the anopheles gambiae complex. of twenty lectins tested, eight (concanavalin a- con a, lathyrus odoratus- loa, lens culinaris, pisum sativum-psa, vicia faba- vfa, triticum vulgaris, maclura pomifera- mpa and ulex europaeus) specifically reacted with the salivary gland membrane. both ma ... | 1993 | 8279867 |
| experimental infection of anopheles gambiae s.s., anopheles freeborni and anopheles stephensi with plasmodium malariae and plasmodium brasilianum. | susceptibility to infection of 2 strains of anopheles gambiae s.s., an. freeborni and an. stephensi, was determined for 2 closely related malaria parasites, plasmodium malariae and p. brasilianum. neither strain of an. gambiae supported development of oocyst densities as great as the other 2 anopheline mosquitoes. the zan strain of an. gambiae s.s. from zanzibar was more susceptible to infection with the strain of p. malariae from uganda than the g-3 strain of an. gambiae s.s. from the gambia. a ... | 1993 | 8468576 |
| [mosquito nets impregnated against malaria in zaire]. | on the bateké plateau 60 km east of kinshasa, zaïre, where malaria is stable, three villages have been selected for a trial of malaria control using bednets impregnated with deltamethrin at 25 mg per square meter from february to november 1991. one village (3,000 inhabitants) has been provided 800 impregnated bednets and an other one (2,900 inhabitants) kept 800 non impregnated bednets. the third village (900 inhabitants) served as a control and has remained without nets. anopheles gambiae was t ... | 1993 | 8323407 |
| dna probes for the identification of malaria vectors. | the correct identification of the mosquito vectors of malaria is essential to determine the vectorial significance of the different species within species complexes and to optimise vector control programmes. a number of methods are available including cytogenetic analysis, isoenzyme characterisation, and mating incompatibility. we describe here the development of a simplified dna probe methodology for the identification of malaria vector specimens, with particular emphasis on the identification ... | 1993 | 8233607 |
| laboratory colonization of anopheles quadriannulatus from sympatry with other sibling species of the anopheles gambiae complex in zimbabwe. | a laboratory colony of the mosquito anopheles quadriannulatus was established from a wild population occurring sympatrically with an.arabiensis in zimbabwe. these sibling species are members of the an.gambiae giles complex and were distinguished primarily by means of their specific polytene chromosome banding patterns. by using an ox-baited trap, we sampled selectively for the more zoophilic an.quadriannulatus. it was confirmed that an.quadriannulatus has the diagnostic slow allozyme of aspartat ... | 1993 | 8481528 |
| sequence of a cdna from the mosquito anopheles gambiae encoding a homologue of human ribosomal protein s7. | 1993 | 8371989 | |
| baseline entomological data for a pilot malaria control program in equatorial guinea. | entomological studies conducted on the island of bioko and the mainland province, río muni, in equatorial guinea provided baseline data for a pilot malaria control program. the main species collected resting in houses at low density were anopheles gambiae s.l. giles and anopheles funestus giles. an. gambiae s.l. density increased during the rainy season, whereas an. funestus populations remained stable during both dry and wet seasons. both species tended to be endophilic and were not collected r ... | 1993 | 8510123 |
| high human malarial infectivity to laboratory-bred anopheles gambiae in a village in burkina faso. | the malarial infectivity of an african village population was tested by selecting a demographically representative sample of individuals for study, regardless of parasitemia or gametocytemia. the infectivity of this population people to laboratory-bred mosquitoes was investigated using membrane feeding techniques. tests on 322 subjects (greater than four years of age) indicated that approximately 48.4% were capable of infecting mosquitoes. there were similar proportions of infectious individuals ... | 1993 | 8517489 |
| association of two esterase genes, a chromosomal inversion, and susceptibility to plasmodium cynomolgi in the african malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | the ability of a selected strain of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae to encapsulate the early oocysts of the malaria parasite plasmodium cynomolgi b has previously been shown to be genetically linked to specific esterase phenotypes. this association between plasmodium susceptibility and esterase phenotype is found in the an. gambiae g3 strain from which the plasmodium-refractory and -susceptible mosquito strains were derived. genetic crosses had suggested that the esterase phenotypes reflect ... | 1993 | 8372956 |
| the mariner transposable element is widespread in insects. | the mariner transposable element is a small member of the short inverted terminal repeat class thought to transpose through a dna intermediate. originally described in drosophila mauritiana, it is now known in several species of the family drosophilidae, and in a moth hyalophora cecropia. here i use primers designed to represent regions of amino-acid conservation between the putative transposase genes of the d. mauritiana and h. cecropia elements to amplify equivalent regions of presumed mariner ... | 1993 | 8384700 |
| deforestation: effects on vector-borne disease. | this review addresses changes in the ecology of vectors and epidemiology of vector-borne diseases which result from deforestation. selected examples are considered from viral and parasitic infections (arboviruses, malaria, the leishmaniases, filariases, chagas disease and schistosomiasis) where disease patterns have been directly or indirectly influenced by loss of natural tropical forests. a wide range of activities have resulted in deforestation. these include colonisation and settlement, tran ... | 1993 | 8488073 |
| variation of larval susceptibility to lagenidium giganteum in three mosquito species. | a significantly greater number of lagenidium giganteum zoospores were found encysting on the dorsal thoracic surface of anopheles gambiae larvae than on the larvae of aedes aegypti and culex pipiens. however, germ tube penetration in the cuticle of a. gambiae provoked an intense and diffuse melanization which encapsulated the fungus and protected 56% from death. although a small number of zoospores attach to and penetrate the cuticular surface of a. aegypti and c. pipiens approximately 99% of bo ... | 1993 | 8104999 |
| a malaria control trial using insecticide-treated bed nets and targeted chemoprophylaxis in a rural area of the gambia, west africa. 7. impact of permethrin-impregnated bed nets on malaria vectors. | the impact of permethrin-impregnated bed nets on malaria vectors was studied in 6 pairs of villages during the rainy season in 1989. in each pair, the residents of one village had their nets treated whilst those of the other remained untreated. routine collections of mosquitoes were made outdoors in the early evening using human-biting collections, and indoors with insecticide sprays, light traps and by searches under bed nets. mosquitoes of the anopheles gambiae complex, an. gambiae sensu stric ... | 1993 | 8105566 |
| the mitochondrial genome of the mosquito anopheles gambiae: dna sequence, genome organization, and comparisons with mitochondrial sequences of other insects. | the entire 15,363 bp mitochondrial genome was cloned and sequenced from the mosquito anopheles gambiae. with respect to the protein-coding genes, rrna genes and the control region, the gene order was identical to that reported for other insects. there were significant differences, however, in the position and orientation of specific trna loci. the overall nucleotide composition was heavily biased towards adenine and thymine, which accounted for 77.6% of all nucleotides. comparisons were made wit ... | 1993 | 9087549 |
| a glutathione s-transferase gene of the vector mosquito, anopheles gambiae. | a cdna (d7-8b) 1456 nucleotides in length was isolated from an adult, female-specific anopheles gambiae library and identified as a member of the glutathione s-transferase (gst) gene family by virtue of the inferred amino acid sequence. the gene, aggst2-1, specifies a protein that is 57% identical to the drosophila melanogaster gene, dmgst-2. the conceptual translation product also shows similarity to the pi family of vertebrate gsts. northern analysis reveals multiple and abundant transcription ... | 1993 | 9087540 |
| the internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal dna in five members of the anopheles gambiae species complex. | the primary and secondary structure of the internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal dna (its1 and its2) and their utility for phylogenetic analysis of closely related species were examined using the anopheles gambiae complex as a model. restriction mapping revealed an unusual architectural feature in the its1 of several members of an an. gambiae cryptic species complex. multiple spacer lengths are prevalent in an. merus and an. melas and are due to variable numbers of a repeated 250 bp sequence ... | 1993 | 9087562 |
| [role of culex quinquefasciatus in the transmission of bancroftian filariasis in the federal islamic republic of comoros (indian ocean)]. | in october 1988-january 1989, as a part of a malaria and filariasis control programme in federal islamic republic of comoros an entomological survey was carried out in 19 rural and urban localities of grande comore. anjouan and moheli islands. the potential breeding places were examined and pyrethrum spray catches were made to evaluate the indoor resting densities of mosquitos. a total of 14.578 adult mosquitos potential vectors of filariasis was collected: 94.5% culex quinquefasciatus, 3.5% ano ... | 1994 | 9235195 |
| salivary apyrase in african and new world vectors of plasmodium species and its relationship to malaria transmission. | the salivary gland activities of apyrase, an enzyme that prevents platelet aggregation by eliminating adp, were compared among five members of the anopheles gambiae species complex and an. albimanus. within the an. gambiae group, an. quadriannulatus exhibited the lowest amount of enzyme activity at all ph levels measured. apyrase activity could be separated into three groups at ph 7.5 and 8.0. the two most anthropophilic species (an. gambiae and an. arabiensis) exhibited higher activity at ph 9. ... | 1994 | 8116818 |
| malaria transmission-blocking activity in experimental infections of anopheles gambiae from naturally infected plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriers. | experimental infections of anopheline mosquitoes were carried out with plasmodium falciparum gametocytes from 65 naturally infected patients in cameroon. a comparison was made between infections with blood containing autologous plasma and blood in which the plasma was replaced with plasma from a donor without previous malaria exposure. a lower infection rate was observed in 50 of 65 autologous plasma samples. transmission was significantly blocked in 3 infections. this indicates that, in a popul ... | 1994 | 8153987 |
| an anopheles gambiae cdna predicts a protein similar to a yeast suil translation factor. | the nucleotide (nt) sequence of a cdna cloned from the mosquito anopheles gambiae was determined. the amino acid (aa) sequence of the deduced protein was 56% identical (60/108 aa) to the recently discovered translation initiation factor suil of yeast, suggesting that the two proteins are homologs and have similar functions. database searches also revealed strong similarity to other sequences, including the deduced gene products of cdnas from organisms as diverse as nematodes, humans and plants. ... | 1994 | 8163206 |
| [susceptibility of anopheles gambiae to insecticides in the ivory coast]. | studies on the susceptibility of anopheles gambiae to insecticides were carried out in rice field areas of côte-d'ivoire. an. gambiae larvae populations from côte-d'ivoire were resistant to ddt but susceptible to organophosphorous insecticides. adult populations from the surroundings of bouake were resistant to ddt and permethrin. resistance to propoxur was strongly suspected. the knock-down effect of both deltamethrin and lambdacyhalothrin was delayed and strongly decreased. the control strain ... | 1994 | 8186931 |
| species composition and inversion polymorphism of the anopheles gambiae complex in some sites of ghana, west africa. | samples of anopheles gambiae s.1. were collected from eight localities belonging to four of the five main ecological strata of ghana. analysis of ovarian polytene chromosomes revealed the presence of a. gambiae s.s. in all the sites studied, while a. arabiensis was detected only in the extreme northern locality of navrongo and a. melas in some southern sites. anopheles arabiensis showed a degree of inversion polymorphism comparable to the one observed in other west african countries. the analysi ... | 1994 | 8203292 |
| synthetic dna probes to identify members of the anopheles gambiae complex and to distinguish the two major vectors of malaria within the complex, an. gambiae s.s. and an. arabiensis. | two cloned dna sequences, lambda c10 and lambda g12, have been isolated from a female anopheles gambiae sensu stricto genomic dna library in lambda embl4. the lambda c10 clone hybridized with equal intensity to all five of the six species in the an. gambiae giles complex tested and was therefore suitable for use as a complex-specific clone. the lambda g12 clone was selected for its ability to distinguish the two major vectors of malaria within the complex, an. gambiae s.s. and an. arabiensis. us ... | 1994 | 8147489 |
| reduced susceptibility of anopheles gambiae to permethrin associated with the use of permethrin-impregnated bednets and curtains in kenya. | susceptibility of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae to permethrin decreased following the installation of mosquito nets impregnated with 0.5 g permethrin per square metre in four villages near kisumu, kenya. during the first year that permethrin-impregnated bednets and curtains were in place, the exposure time to 50% mortality (lt50) increased 2.5-fold from 13 to 33 min, while the lt50 for an.gambiae was unchanged in two other villages where no intervention measures were used. two years after ... | 1994 | 8161849 |
| effects of physico-chemical treatments on haemagglutination activity of anopheles gambiae haemolymph and midgut extract. | anopheles gambiae midgut extracts and haemolymph possessed agglutinins, titre 1:16 to 1:256, against human red blood cells (rbcs). subjection of both tissues to protein precipitation reagents, organic chemical and selected protease, neuraminidase and other glycosidic hydrolase treatments revealed the haemagglutinins to be protein, most likely glycoprotein, in nature--not lipoprotein, lipid, glycolipid or nucleic acid. an.gambiae agglutinins were thermo-labile > 40 degrees c, affected by freezing ... | 1994 | 8161851 |
| q: a new retrotransposon from the mosquito anopheles gambiae. | a new family of retrotransposons (rtps) without long terminal repeats (ltrs), designated q, has been isolated from the malaria vector anopheles gambiae. the nucleotide sequence of a complete element q-22, was determined and analysed. approximately 4.5 kb long, q-22 contains two long overlapping open reading frames (orfs) that potentially encode proteins with nucleic acid binding and reverse transcriptase domains similar to those of non-ltr rtps previously described. the 3' end is characterized b ... | 1994 | 8069416 |
| plasmodium falciparum: the population structure of mature gametocyte cultures has little effect on their innate fertility. | in vitro cultured plasmodium falciparum gametocytes were fed to anopheles gambiae (g3) mosquitoes to identify parasite population characteristics useful for predicting successful mosquito infections. parameters were collected from an initial study of 90 infections over a two year period and a second study of 55 infections over 12 weeks. parasite isolate/clone was identified as the most reliable predictor of gametocyte infectiousness. parameters such as gametocyte age structure (stage iv:v ratio) ... | 1994 | 7863850 |
| [vectorial fauna at the site of the future dam at memve'ele(cameroon)]. | the present study was designed to assess the health risk of the future hydroelectric dam of memve'ele with reference to vector-borne diseases. entomological and malacological surveys were carried out in the project area. the main vectors collected were anopheles gambiae and an. nili for malaria; simulium damnosum for onchocerciasis; glossina palpalis for trypanosomiasis; chrysops dimidiata and c. silacea for loasis. no snail host of schistosome was reported. the risk of introduction of the disea ... | 1994 | 7866048 |
| biolistic techniques for transfection of mosquito embryos (anopheles gambiae). | to compensate for the extremely low rates of transformation by dna microinjection into mosquito embryos of anopheles gambiae, biolistic techniques were evaluated for introduction of dna into large numbers of mosquito embryos. biolistic experiments were first performed with a commercially available instrument intended for this purpose, according to the recommended procedure. the amount of dna delivered was measured by the expression of luciferase under the control of the drosophila heat shock pro ... | 1994 | 8068349 |
| a cdna encoding an adp/atp carrier from the mosquito anopheles gambiae. | two cdnas are described from anopheles gambiae that correspond to the adp/atp carrier or translocase. the clones are identical except for minor differences in the 5' non-coding region and in the lengths of the poly-a tails. they code for mrnas of 1261 and 1263 bp and contain one open reading frame of 906 bp. a probe made from the 1263 bp cdna hybridized to bands of approximately 1260 and 1700 bp on developmental northern blots. the putative 300 amino acid peptide sequence shows from 53.4-78.5% i ... | 1994 | 8069414 |
| a technique for nucleic acid in situ hybridization to polytene chromosomes of mosquitoes in the anopheles gambiae complex. | a sensitive, simple, and reproducible in situ hybridization technique for the detection and precise localization of specific nucleic acid sequences on chromosomes of members of the anopheles gambiae complex is described. modifications of the in situ hybridization technique are described that allow simultaneous hybridization of several probes with the chromosomes on a single slide and the multiple use of a single chromosome preparation for several different probes hybridized successively on the s ... | 1994 | 8069415 |
| [evaluation of a deet-based repellent on 3 vectors of malaria in central africa]. | as part of the framework of studies on personal protection against disease-transmitting mosquitoes, a field evaluation was carried out in a forest area of cameroon on human subjects to assess the efficacy of a common repellent: deet (a 50% active ingredient formulation). one ml of deet applied to the legs of resting persons gave an 85% reduction in anopheles bites during the 5 hours following application. the repellent effect decreased gradually with time. the effect was more than 90% maximum af ... | 1994 | 7921700 |
| mosquito gonotrophic cycle and multiple feeding potential: contrasts between anopheles and aedes (diptera: culicidae). | two aedine and three anopheline species were allowed to blood-feed to repletion, and their host-seeking behavior was measured with an olfactometer at intervals afterward. both aedes aegypti (l.) and ae. albopictus (skuse) were inhibited from subsequently seeking a host during the gonotrophic cycle, but anopheles gambiae giles, an. albimanus wiedemann, and an. freeborni aitken, all showed varying degrees of host-seeking behavior while their eggs matured. continued host-seeking by some anophelines ... | 1994 | 7932610 |
| polymorphisms detected by random pcr distinguish between different chromosomal forms of anopheles gambiae. | we have applied pcr amplification using random primers to distinguish between incipient species of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae. individuals belonging to three chromosomally characterized west african forms of this mosquito, which are important epidemiologically as they differ in vectorial capacity, were sampled both from laboratory stocks and from wild populations collected in three localities. the techniques used allowed for the unambiguous classification of the mosquitoes, providing a ... | 1994 | 7937947 |
| relationship between prevalence and intensity of plasmodium falciparum infection in natural populations of anopheles mosquitoes. | wild-caught anopheles gambiae s. l. and an. funestus were dissected and their midguts were examined for the presence of plasmodium falciparum oocyst infections. the mean intensity of infection and the prevalence of infected mosquitoes were determined for each sample, with one sample representing the mosquitoes caught in a single house at any given time. the patterns of infection were investigated using the relationships between prevalence, intensity, and variance within samples, and were found t ... | 1994 | 7943543 |
| [influence of mosquito nets impregnated with deltamethrin on the aggressivity cycle of anopheles gambiae in djoumouna, congo]. | several studies recently done in africa south of the sahara have clearly demonstrated that pyrethroid impregnated bednets should actually reduce malaria inoculation rate due to anopheles gambiae and therefore high plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia and malaria morbidity, even mortality. nevertheless some concerns were recently raised on an eventual shift in the usual behavior of this species induced by the presence inside the house of bednets treated with pyrethroid insecticide known to have a d ... | 1994 | 7944652 |
| dna-based methods for the identification of insect vectors. | many insect vectors are members of complexes composed of morphologically identical sibling species. the identification of individual species, a requirement of epidemiological studies and control programmes, has traditionally relied upon techniques such as chromosomal analysis or isoenzyme typing. owing to the limitations of these techniques, the last few years have seen many developments in dna-based technologies for identification. dna-based protocols have advantages over the other techniques u ... | 1994 | 7944669 |
| malaria in a rural area of sierra leone. iii. vector ecology and disease transmission. | studies were undertaken on the role of anopheles gambiae and an. funestus in the transmission of malaria in four villages in a high-rainfall, forested area in the bo district of southern sierra leone. anopheles gambiae s.s., identified chromosomally as the forest form, was the most important vector, with a mean annual sporozoite rate, based on elisa, of 7.4%. anopheles funestus, which was found in considerably lower numbers, was mainly a dry season vector, with an annual sporozoite rate of 11.4% ... | 1994 | 7944670 |
| do mosquito coils and killer sticks work against anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes in zimbabwe? | tests against anopheles gambiae s. 1. mosquitoes (malaria transmitting mosquitoes) were carried out in chegutu, chiredzi and kamhororo (gokwe). these tests were done in relatively closed rural huts and experimental huts. the tests demonstrated that a one hour exposure to smoke from the burning of insecticidal coils contain 0.3 pc pyrethrin, achieve 100 pc knockdown of mosquitoes. mosquito killer sticks gave 85 pc knockdowns with 30 pc recoveries and less than 10 pc recoveries for the coils. with ... | 1994 | 7954723 |
| salivary vasodilators of aedes triseriatus and anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae). | salivary vasodilators of aedes aegypti (l.) and anopheles albimanus (wiedemann) were characterized previously as a tachykinin peptide and a catechol oxidase/peroxidase activity, respectively. to verify whether these two different vasodilators also were found in other distantly related members of each mosquito genus, we characterized the vasodilators from a. triseriatus and a. gambiae. a. triseriatus salivary gland homogenates produced a reversible, endothelium dependent vasorelaxation of rabbit ... | 1994 | 7966179 |
| molecular phylogeny of the anopheles gambiae complex suggests genetic introgression between principal malaria vectors. | the six afrotropical species of mosquitoes comprising the anopheles gambiae complex include the most efficient vectors of malaria in the world as well as a nonvector species. the accepted interpretation of evolutionary relationships among these species is based on chromosomal inversions and suggests that the two principal vectors, a. gambiae and anopheles arabiensis, are on distant branches of the phylogenetic tree. however, dna sequence data indicate that these two species are sister taxa and s ... | 1994 | 8041714 |
| prior blood feeding effects on susceptibility of anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae) to infection with cultured plasmodium falciparum (haemosporida: plasmodiidae). | we examined the relative susceptibilities of anopheles gambiae giles of different physiological ages to infection with cultured plasmodium falciparum (welch). cohorts of mosquitoes were divided into three groups; one was fed uninfected blood on day 3 after emergence (i.e., one prior blood meal); another on days 3 and 7 after emergence (i.e., two prior blood meals); and a control group was maintained on sucrose. on days 10 to 12 after emergence, mosquitoes were fed human blood containing p. falci ... | 1994 | 8057320 |
| a cytoskeletal actin gene in the mosquito anopheles gambiae. | five actin genes have been identified in the mosquito anopheles gambiae, and a constitutively expressed actin gene has been chosen for detailed analysis. we have physically mapped and sequenced this gene and six associated cdnas, including translated coding regions, as well as the 5' and 3' flanking sequences. analysis of stage-specific rna shows this gene to be present in all stages of mosquito development and in an established a. gambiae cell line, thus indicating a cytoskeletal actin. in the ... | 1994 | 8069411 |
| the dielmo project: a longitudinal study of natural malaria infection and the mechanisms of protective immunity in a community living in a holoendemic area of senegal. | the dielmo project, initiated in 1990, consisted of long-term investigations on host-parasite relationships and the mechanisms of protective immunity in the 247 residents of a senegalese village in which malaria is holoendemic. anopheles gambiae s.l. and an. funestus constituted more than 98% of 11,685 anophelines collected and were present all year round. inoculation rates of plasmodium falciparum, p. malariae, and p. ovale averaged respectively 0.51, 0.10, and 0.04 infective bites per person p ... | 1994 | 8074247 |
| response of plasmodium refractory and susceptible strains of anopheles gambiae to inoculated sephadex beads. | a refractory strain of the mosquito, anopheles gambiae, melanotically encapsulates and destroys malaria parasites in the midgut. normal development of parasites is observed in a closely related susceptible strain. to examine the basis for the difference in response, the two strains were compared for responses to inoculated sephadex beads of varying charge. negatively charged c-25 beads elicited a much stronger reaction in the refractory strain where 49% of the beads were strongly melanized by 24 ... | 1994 | 7535253 |
| early sporogonic development in local vectors of plasmodium falciparum in rural cameroon. | in ongoing studies on experimental transmission of plasmodium falciparum in the city of yaounde gametocyte carriers are daily being identified among dispensary patients with malaria-like complaints. this species comprises 93% of all parasitemias and because of the selection criteria most patients have it as a recent infection. 17% of all p. falciparum-positives carry detectable gametocytes with little difference between youngsters and adults. blood of adult carriers is taken and infection of ano ... | 1994 | 7565124 |
| trapping system for testing olfactory responses of the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae in a wind tunnel. | 1994 | 7841494 | |
| ecological genetic studies in the chromosomal form mopti of anopheles gambiae s.str. in mali, west africa. | among the sibling species of the afrotropical anopheles gambiae complex, the nominal taxon (an. gambiae s.str.) is the major malaria vector. its bionomics suggest a man-dependent speciation process which involves, in west africa, various incipient species chromosomally recognized by different combinations of 2r paracentric inversions. one of the most recent evolutionary steps of such a speciation process appears to be the chromosomal form mopti, which is associated with dry season irrigation in ... | 1994 | 7896141 |
| host blood meals and chromosomal inversion polymorphism in anopheles arabiensis in the baringo district of kenya. | studies were carried out in the villages of kapkuikui and maji-ndege in the loboi area of baringo district, kenya, to obtain baseline data on species identification of the anopheles gambiae group, their feeding and resting behavior, and their frequencies of chromosomal inversions. this was carried out towards predicting the effect of introducing permethrin-impregnated cloths or other intervention measures. in this study, anopheles arabiensis was identified as the only species of the an. gambiae ... | 1994 | 7707055 |
| origin of blood meals in indoor and outdoor resting malaria vectors in western kenya. | blood meals were obtained from indoor and outdoor resting malaria vectors in three villages of western kenya and tested by sandwich elisa to determine host preferences and their human blood index (hbi). anopheles gambiae s.s. collected indoors at kisian village had a hbi of 0.97 while that of anopheles arabiensis collected at ahero was 0.23. however, the hbi of a. arabiensis varied depending on the availability of outdoor resting shelters. most female a. arabiensis (98.9%) collected outdoors in ... | 1994 | 7709869 |
| effects of para-aminobenzoic acid, insulin, and gentamicin on plasmodium falciparum development in anopheline mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | anopheles gambiae giles sensu lato (s.l.) and an. stephensi liston were exposed as adults to para-aminobenzoic acid (paba), human insulin, or gentamicin sulfate, an antimicrobial solution, to determine their effects on plasmodium falciparum welch development to the oocyst stage. for both mosquito species, concentrations of paba from 0.001 to 0.05% had no effect on either oocyst infection rates or oocyst densities. at higher concentrations, paba-fed mosquitoes had decreased oocyst infection rates ... | 1994 | 7932602 |
| behavioral response of host-seeking mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) to insecticide-impregnated bed netting: a new approach to insecticide bioassays. | the response of anopheles gambiae giles s.s and culex quinquefasciatus say to insecticide-treated netting in a wind tunnel permeated with guinea pig odors was recorded on videotape. with no insecticide present, mosquitoes spent 99% of the time on the netting, either at rest or occasionally walking across it. on nylon netting, permethrin at 50, 400, and 1,000 mg m-2 irritated the mosquitoes, causing them to spend significantly more time away from the netting and relatively more time walking than ... | 1994 | 7908985 |
| [aspects of malaria in a village of the humid savannah of the ivory coast]. | malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in ivory coast. this fact justifies further epidemiological investigations to define regional features and allow implementation of the most suitable control measures. to this end, a study focusing on transmission of malaria was conducted between january and may 1993 concurrently with malarial parasite identification in allokoukro, a village in the humid savannah in the central region of ivory coast. two vectors of malaria were found in the vill ... | 1994 | 7746125 |
| studies of anopheline mosquitoes transmitting malaria in a newly developed highland urban area: a case study of moi university and its environs. | throughout the duration of these studies, anopheles gambiae was the only mosquito species recovered at the study site. it bred in several habitats, showing strong preference for temporary waterponds contained in a variety of reservoirs created through man's construction activities. the dams as permanent water bodies were the most favoured perennial breeding habitat as opposed to swamps. of the 393 mosquitoes tested, a very small percentage (0.76%) was infected with sporozoites (0.51%) and oocyst ... | 1994 | 7956862 |
| further studies on the sporozoite transmission of the salvador i strain of plasmodium vivax. | different species of saimiri and aotus monkeys were inoculated with sporozoites of the salvador i strain of plasmodium vivax. of 58 saimiri inoculated, 45 developed parasitemia (4 following bites and 41 following intravenous inoculation). prepatent periods ranged from 10 to 63 days. twelve of 19 monkeys inoculated with sporozoites that had been stored frozen developed patent parasitemia after 16-53 days. of 41 aotus monkeys inoculated, only 10 (2 via bites and 8 via intravenous inoculation) deve ... | 1994 | 8064516 |