Publications

lethal and sub-lethal effects of uvb on juvenile biomphalaria glabrata (mollusca: pulmonata).	although schistosoma mansoni occurs mainly in the tropics, where intense levels of solar radiation are present, the impact of ultraviolet (uv) light on schistosome transmission is not known. the purpose of this study was to investigate potential effects of uvb (290-320nm) on juvenile biomphalaria glabrata, the snail intermediate host of s. mansoni. albino and wild-type snails were exposed to doses of uvb from uv-fluorescent lamps, and the following were measured: survival, photoreactivation (lig ...	2006	16996081
molecular cloning and characterization of mn-superoxide dismutase from disk abalone (haliotis discus discus).	the mitochondrial enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (mitmn-sod) is one of the antioxidant enzymes involved in cellular defense against oxidative stress and catalyzes the conversion of o(2)(-) into the stabler h(2)o(2). in this study, a putative gene encoding mn-sod from disk abalone (haliotis discus discus, amn-sod) was cloned, sequenced, expressed in escherichia coli k12(tb1) and the protein was purified using pmal protein purification system. sequencing resulted orf of 681 bp, which corres ...	2006	17020816
thin layer chromatographic analysis of glucose and maltose in estivated biomphalaria glabrata snails and those infected with schistosoma mansoni.	thin layer chromatography was used to analyze the glucose and maltose concentrations of the digestive gland-gonad complex (dgg) of uninfected-estivated biomphalaria glabrata snails and estivated b. glabrata patently infected with schistosoma mansoni. all snails were estivated in a most chamber at a relative humidity of 98+/-1% and a temperature of 23+/-1 degrees c for 14 days. carbohydrates were extracted from the dgg with 70% aqueous ethanol, and extracts were analyzed on silica gel preadsorben ...	2006	17010650
a bacterial artificial chromosome library for biomphalaria glabrata, intermediate snail host of schistosoma mansoni.	to provide a novel resource for analysis of the genome of biomphalaria glabrata, members of the international biomphalaria glabrata genome initiative (http://biology.unm.edu/biomphalaria-genome.html), working with the arizona genomics institute (agi) and supported by the national human genome research institute (nhgri), produced a high quality bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library. the bb02 strain b. glabrata, a field isolate (belo horizonte, minas gerais, brasil) that is susceptible to ...	2006	17308766
a contribution to the pathobiology of biomphalaria glabrata hemocytes.	this study attempts to investigate the relationship between the hemocytes in the two compartments: circulating peripheral lymph and the connective tissues. the hemocytes are compared with the vertebrate macrophages and constitute the principal line of defense against external aggression. the hemocytes were counted in circulating hemolymph and their phagocytic capability was evaluated in schistosoma mansoni-infected biomphalaria glabrata and the results were compared with those obtained from norm ...	2006	17308769
on the origin of the biomphalaria glabrata hemocytes.	a histologic, morphometric and ultrastructural study performed on biomphalaria glabrata submitted to infection with schistosoma mansoni miracidia failed to provide significant evidences that the so-called amebocyte-producing organ (apo) is really the central organ for hemocyte production. in infected snails no general reactive changes appeared in the apo, the mitoses were seen only occasionally, and the possibility of cellular hyperplasia was ruled out by morphometric measurements. under the ele ...	2006	17308772
primary culture of the region of the amebocyte-producing organ of the snail biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediate host of schistosoma mansoni.	biomphalaria glabrata snails are major hosts for the digenetic trematoda schistosoma mansoni, the causative agent of human schistosomiasis. the success or failure of the infection will be dependent on the mobilization of the molluskan internal defense system, where a major role will be played by circulating hemocytes produced by the apo (amebocyte-producing organ) of the snail. in this report, the primary culture of the apo region of b. glabrata was obtained for the first time, as well as a cont ...	2006	17072476
behavior of angiostrongylus costaricensis in planorbids.	some terrestrial mollusks are natural hosts of angiostrongylus costaricensis. in the laboratory, this nematode can be maintained in certain planorbids, which are aquatic mollusks and intermediate hosts of schistosoma mansoni. mollusks can be infected with angiostrongylus costaricensis by ingestion of or active penetration by the first-stage larvae. in this work we assessed the ability of biomphalaria glabrata to attract first-stage larvae of a. costaricensis. movement of the nematode larvae towa ...	2006	16710513
geographical variations in infectivity and susceptibility in the host-parasite system schistosoma mansoni/biomphalaria glabrata: no evidence for local adaptation.	we investigated local adaptation in the spatially structured natural biomphalaria glabrata/schistosoma mansoni host-parasite system in the marshy forest focus of guadeloupe using cross-transplantation experiments. we demonstrated strong and highly significant variations in susceptibility/infectivity of host and parasite populations, respectively, but found no evidence of local adaptation neither for s. mansoni nor for b. glabrata. environmental as well as genetic factors are discussed to explain ...	2006	16719959
the snail (biomphalaria glabrata) genome project.	in 2001, ideas for a snail genome project were discussed at the american society of parasitologists meeting (new mexico) and a snail genome consortium was subsequently established (the first consortium meeting was held in 2005). a proposal for sequencing the snail genome was submitted to the national human genome research institute, and biomphalaria glabrata was prioritized as a non-mammalian sequencing target in 2004. the sequencing of the genome of this medically important snail is now underwa ...	2006	16497557
biomphalaria glabrata cytosolic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (sod1) gene: association of sod1 alleles with resistance/susceptibility to schistosoma mansoni.	variation in susceptibility of the snail biomphalaria glabrata to infection by the parasite schistosoma mansoni is, at least in part, genetically determined. functional studies have demonstrated that hemocyte-mediated killing of the parasite involves hydrogen peroxide, the enzymatic product of superoxide dismutase (sod). the present study identifies alleles of the gene coding for cytosolic copper/zinc sod (sod1). the resistance/susceptibility phenotypes and sod1 genotypes were determined for 354 ...	2006	16564582
freshwater snails and schistosomiasis mansoni in the state of rio de janeiro, brazil: vi--noroeste fluminense mesoregion.	in this paper, the last of a series dealing with the survey of freshwater gastropods of the state of rio de janeiro, the results of collections carried out in the noroeste fluminense mesoregion from 2002 to 2005 are presented and revealed the occurrence of 20 species: antillorbis nordestensis; biomphalaria glabrata; b. straminea; b. tenagophila; drepanotrema anatinum; d. cimex; d. depressissimum; d. lucidum; ferrissia sp.; gundlachia ticaga; gundlachia sp.; heleobia sp.; idiopyrgus sp.; lymnaea ...	2006	17308776
activity of praziquantel on in vitro transformed schistosoma mansoni sporocysts.	praziquantel (pzq) is effective against all the evolutive phases of schistosoma mansoni. infected biomphalaria glabrata snails have their cercarial shedding interrupted when exposed to pzq. using primary in vitro transformed sporocysts, labeled with the probe hoechst 33258 (indicator of membrane integrity), and lectin of glycine max (specific for carbohydrate of n-acetylgalactosamine membrane), we evaluated the presence of lysosomes at this evolutive phase of s. mansoni, as well as the influence ...	2006	17308783
changes induced in biomphalaria glabrata (say, 1818) following trials for artificial stimulation of its internal defense system.	biomphalaria glabrata can react through different pathways to schistosoma mansoni miracidium penetration, according to the degree of resistance/susceptibility presented by different snail strains, which is a genetically determined character, resistance being the dominant feature. however, it has been observed that previous susceptible snail strain may change its reactive behavior along the course of infection, exhibiting later a pattern of cercarial shedding and histopatopathological picture com ...	2006	17308770
red blood with blue-blood ancestry: intriguing structure of a snail hemoglobin.	the phylogenetic enigma of snail hemoglobin, its isolated occurrence in a single gastropod family, the planorbidae, and the lack of sequence data, stimulated the present study. we present here the complete cdna and predicted amino acid sequence of two hemoglobin polypeptides from the planorbid biomphalaria glabrata (intermediate host snail for the human parasite schistosoma mansoni). both isoforms contain 13 different, cysteine-free globin domains, plus a small n-terminal nonglobin "plug" domain ...	2006	16877545
differential lectin labelling of circulating hemocytes from biomphalaria glabrata and biomphalaria tenagophila resistant or susceptible to schistosoma mansoni infection.	lectins/carbohydrate binding can be involved in the schistosoma mansoni recognition and activation of the biomphalaria hemocytes. therefore, expression of lectin ligands on biomphalaria hemocytes would be associated with snail resistance against s. mansoni infection. to test this hypothesis, circulating hemocytes were isolated from b. glabrata bh (snail strain highy susceptible to s. mansoni), b. tenagophila cabo frio (moderate susceptibility), and b. tenagophila taim (completely resistant strai ...	2006	17308768
mate choice, frequency dependence, and the maintenance of resistance to parasitism in a simultaneous hermaphrodite.	biomphalaria glabrata are simultaneous hermaphroditic freshwater snails that act as intermediate hosts for the macroparasitic trematode schistosoma mansoni, a causative agent of schistosomiasis. heritability and strain-specificity of both snail resistance and susceptibility to schistosome infection have been demonstrated, genetic variability for which is maintained, in part, through trade-offs between high fitness costs associated with infection and those associated with resistance. however, des ...	2006	21672753
[comparative study on the reproduction in 4 genetic variations of biomphalaria glabrata (say, 1818) i. fertility].		2006	1006064
[comparative study of reproduction in 4 genetic varieties of biomphalaria glabrata (say 1818). ii - embryonal development, hatching and loss of eggs and embryos].		2006	6895122
nonhemocyte sources of selected lysosomal enzymes in biomphalaria glabrata, b. tenagophila and b. straminea (mollusca: pulmonata).		2007	7348779
host-parasite relationship of s. mansoni and b. glabrata.	experiments were conducted to study the host-parasite compatibility of various isolates of biomphalaria glabrata snail and schistosoma mansoni parasite isolates. a series of experiments conducted on 12 s. mansoni isolates have shown a range of infectivity potential for b. glabrata snail and 9 isolates of b. glabrata were found differentially susceptible to infection with s. mansoni trematode parasite.	2007	19093502
antioxidant gene expression and function in in vitro-developing schistosoma mansoni mother sporocysts: possible role in self-protection.	the ability of the larval forms of schistosoma mansoni to invade and parasitize their molluscan host, biomphalaria glabrata, is determined by a multitude of factors. in this study we sought to elucidate the possible mechanisms by which the invading larvae are able to counteract the potentially harmful oxidative environment presented by the host upon initial miracidial infection. this was attempted by examining the gene expression profile of parasite antioxidant enzymes of the linked glutathione- ...	2007	17445325
excretory-secretory proteome of larval schistosoma mansoni and echinostoma caproni, two parasites of biomphalaria glabrata.	schistosoma mansoni and echinostoma caproni are two trematode species that use different strategies (mimicry and immunosuppression, respectively) to interfere with the snail innate immune system. parasites excretory-secretory (es) products have been shown to play a key role in these host-parasite immune interactions. however, they remain largely uncharacterized in larval trematodes. we developed a global proteomic approach to characterize the es proteome of s. mansoni and e. caproni primary spor ...	2007	17606306
[spatial analysis of biomphalaria glabrata foci and human cases of mansoni schistosomiasis in porto de galinhas, pernambuco state, brazil, in the year 2000].	this article provides information on the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis, correlating snail foci with human cases using spatial analysis. the locations studied were merepe iii, pantanal, salinas, and socó, comprising 70% of the populated area of porto de galinhas. malacological and parasitological surveys by a cpqam/ fiocruz team at the location where an epidemic occurred in 2000 identified 15 foci of infected b. glabrata. human cases were also diagnosed and recorded according to residen ...	2007	17221090
dose-dependent schistosome-induced mortality and morbidity risk elevates host reproductive effort.	parasitism changes the host environment and may influence resource allocation between reproductive effort and somatic maintenance. we characterized the impact of dose-dependent schistosome exposure and/or infection establishment on intermediate host survival and reproduction. four matched groups of biomphalaria glabrata snails were individually exposed to increasing doses of schistosoma mansoni parasites, with a fifth control group remaining unexposed. increased mortality was observed amongst bo ...	2007	17209999
interspecific antagonism and virulence in hosts exposed to two parasite species.	co-infection of host organisms by multiple parasite species has evolutionary consequences for all participants in the symbiosis. in this study, we co-exposed aquatic-snails (biomphalaria glabrata) to two of their trematode parasites, schistosoma mansoni and echinostoma caproni. in co-exposed snails, e. caproni prevalence was 63% compared to only 23% for s. mansoni. co-exposed e. caproni-infected snails exhibited reduced fecundity, higher mortality, and higher parasite reproduction (higher virule ...	2007	17400242
the lethality of euphorbia conspicua to adults of biomphalaria glabrata, cercaria of schistosoma mansoni and larvae of artemia salina.	leaf extracts of euphorbia conspicua (euphorbiaceae), together with the latex and fractions derived therefrom, were evaluated for their molluscicidal and cercaricidal activities and their toxicities to brine shrimps. whilst the leaf extracts were inactive against biomphalaria glabrata, the latex, its triterpenic fraction and irritant fractions i and ii exhibited high activities against adult snails with lc90 values of 4.87, 10.55, 0.64 and 0.10 microg/ml, respectively. the latex and its derived ...	2007	16458000
identification of genes involved in interactions between biomphalaria glabrata and schistosoma mansoni by suppression subtractive hybridization.	biomphalaria glabrata is an intermediate snail host for schistosoma mansoni, a medically important schistosome. in order to identify transcripts involved in snail-schistosome interactions, subtractive cdna libraries were prepared, using suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) between a parasite-exposed schistosome-resistant and a susceptible strain of b. glabrata, and also between schistosome-exposed and unexposed snails from the resistant snail line. separate libraries were made from both h ...	2007	17081633
biomphalaria glabrata transcriptome: identification of cell-signalling, transcriptional control and immune-related genes from open reading frame expressed sequence tags (orestes).	biomphalaria glabrata is the major intermediate snail host for schistosoma mansoni, one of the important schistosomes infecting man. much remains to be discovered concerning specific molecules mediating the defence events in these intermediate hosts, triggered by invading schistosomes. an expressed sequence tag (est) gene discovery strategy known as orestes has been employed to identify transcripts that might be involved in snail-schistosome interactions in order to examine gene expression patte ...	2007	17208299
effects of aestivation and starvation on the neutral lipid and phospholipid content of biomphalaria glabrata infected with schistosoma mansoni.	the effects of aestivation or starvation on the neutral lipid and phospholipid content of biomphalaria glabrata patently infected with schistosoma mansoni were determined by high-performance thin-layer chromatography-densitometry. infected-aestivated snails were maintained in a moist chamber at 24 +/- 1 c and a relative humidity of 98 +/- 1%. infected-starved snails were maintained in artificial spring water (asw) at 23 +/- 1 c without exogenous food. infected snails (the controls) were maintain ...	2007	17436935
ki-67 is expressed in multiplying forms of schistosoma mansoni, but not in snail host tissues.	ki-67 is a protein expressed in the nucleus of several species during cell-division, being absent during the go resting phase of the cellular cycle. during attempts to disclose mitosis in the so-called " amebocyte-producing organ " in biomphalaria glabrata infected with schistosoma mansoni, the parasite multiplying forms appeared strongly marked for ki-67, while the snail tissues were completely negative. these data are worth registering to complement general data on ki-67, and to help future st ...	2007	17710314
characterization of immune genes from the schistosome host snail biomphalaria glabrata that encode peptidoglycan recognition proteins and gram-negative bacteria binding protein.	peptidoglycan (pgn) recognition proteins (pgrps) and gram-negative bacteria binding proteins (gnbps) play an essential role in toll/imd signaling pathways in arthropods. the existence of homologous pathways involving pgrps and gnbps in other major invertebrate phyla such as the mollusca remains unclear. in this paper, we report four full-length pgrp cdnas and one full-length gnbp cdna cloned from the snail biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediate host of the human blood fluke schistosoma mansoni, ...	2007	17805526
surface membrane proteins of biomphalaria glabrata embryonic cells bind fucosyl determinants on the tegumental surface of schistosoma mansoni primary sporocysts.	previous observations that in vitro adherence of biomphalaria glabrata embryonic (bge) cells to sporocyst larval stages of schistosoma mansoni was strongly inhibited by fucoidan, a sulfated polymer of l-fucose, suggested a role for lectinlike bge cell receptors in sporocyst binding interactions. in the present investigation, monoclonal antibodies with specificities to 3 major glycan determinants found on schistosomes, lacdinac, fucosylated lacdinac (ldnf), and the lewis x antigen, were used in a ...	2007	17918362
reproductive activity alterations on the biomphalaria glabrata exposed to euphorbia splendens var. hislopii latex.	the reproductive activity of biomphalaria glabrata exposed to euphorbia splendens var. hislopii latex was evaluated. parameters related to fecundity and fertility were observed. the snails were exposed to the ld50 (1 mg/l) of crude latex. at the first week post exposure (p.e.), the egg laying was reduced. after the fourth week p.e., an increase of the number of eggs/snail occurred. the results showed a marked reduction in the hatching of the snails, revealing an interference of latex exposure wi ...	2007	17923993
high performance column liquid chromatographic analysis of selected carboxylic acids in biomphalaria glabrata patently infected with schistosoma mansoni.	high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) was used to determine the effects of a patent schistosoma mansoni infection on certain carboxylic acids in the digestive gland gonad complex (dgg) and hemolymph of biomphalaria glabrata. an analysis of dgg samples was done using extraction with 50% locke's solution, cleanup of the extract by anion exchange solid phase extraction (spe), and ion exclusion hplc with ultraviolet detection. hemolymph was applied directly to the spe column. acetic, fumaric ...	2007	17483962
association of bacteria with metacercarial cysts of echinostoma caproni.	echinostoma caproni metacercarial cysts often need to be stored for several months to a year to meet laboratory requirements. this study examined the bacteria associated with encysted metacercariae stored at 4 degrees c. bacterial assemblages from the kidney-pericardial region of uninfected snails and assemblages from the site of metacercarial infection in biomphalaria glabrata were determined. four species of gram-negative rods were isolated and identified from the stored cysts to species or ge ...	2007	17483963
evaluation of the effect of oxamniquine, praziquantel and a combination of both drugs on the intramolluscan phase of schistosoma mansoni.	the activity of oxamniquine (oxa), praziquantel (pzq), and a combination of both drugs was evaluated at the intramolluscan phase of schistosoma mansoni. biomphalaria glabrata snails infected with s. mansoni were treated with 500 mg/kg oxa, 1000 mg/kg pzq or with 250 mg/kg oxa and 500 mg/kg pzq, in association, at the pre-patent and patent phases of infection. the results showed that either treatments with oxa or pzq, alone, at the pre-patent period, delayed the parasite's development, increasing ...	2007	17498638
nimbus (bgi): an active non-ltr retrotransposon of the schistosoma mansoni snail host biomphalaria glabrata.	the freshwater snail biomphalaria glabrata is closely associated with the transmission of human schistosomiasis. an ecologically sound method has been proposed to control schistosomiasis using genetically modified snails to displace endemic, susceptible ones. to assess the viability of this form of biological control, studies towards understanding the molecular makeup of the snail relative to the presence of endogenous mobile genetic elements are being undertaken since they can be exploited for ...	2007	17521654
interplay between host genetic variation and parasite transmission in the biomphalaria glabrata-schistosoma mansoni system.	genetic variability is often predicted to enhance host fitness in the face of parasitism, yet this idea is rarely tested in an experimental setting, particularly with animal hosts. to assess this question, we used a relatively resistant line of snail hosts (biomphalaria glabrata) to generate inbred and outcrossed progeny that were then either exposed or sham-exposed to the trematode parasite, schistosoma mansoni. results showed no difference in prevalence between the groups; however, large diffe ...	2007	17564726
is host-schistosome coevolution going anywhere?	that pathogens and hosts coevolve is a powerful concept with broad theoretical and applied implications spanning from genetic theory to the medical and veterinary sciences, particularly in the context of infectious disease epidemiology. a substantial body of theory has been developed to explore the likelihood and consequences of coevolution, but few empirical studies have been conducted to test these theories, particularly for indirectly-transmitted pathogen-host systems. we initiated replicate ...	2007	17567519
mitotic responses to injected extracts of larval and adult schistosoma mansoni in biomphalaria glabrata: effects of dose and colchicine treatment.	biomphalaria glabrata snails injected with extracts of schistosoma mansoni miracidia, mother sporocyst excretory-secretory product, cercariae, and adults, showed increased mitotic activity in histological sections of the amebocyte-producing organ (apo) relative to water-injected controls. the mitotic response was generally higher to extracts adjusted to 1.0 mg protein/ml than to a 10-fold lower concentration, although in most cases this increase was not statistically significant. colchicine trea ...	2007	17436970
variation in expression of biomphalaria glabrata sod1: a potential controlling factor in susceptibility/resistance to schistosoma mansoni.	the snail biomphalaria glabrata kills the blood fluke schistosoma mansoni by a mechanism involving production of hydrogen peroxide, the enzymatic product of cytosolic cu/zn superoxide dismutase (sod1). this enzyme exhibits higher activity in blood cells (hemocytes) from a predominantly resistant strain of b. glabrata than in hemocytes from a susceptible strain. additionally, b. glabrata sod1 polymorphisms have been associated with susceptibility/resistance to the parasite. to address the hypothe ...	2007	17292470
specific inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase and pi3-k pathways impair immune responses by hemocytes of trematode intermediate host snails.	to characterize molecular mechanisms regulating snail cellular immune responses, the contributions of mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3-k) were examined in hemocytes of the trematode intermediate host snails biomphalaria glabrata and lymnaea stagnalis. simultaneous measurement of phagocytosis/encapsulation and h2o2 production by hemocytes in the presence or absence of specific signal transduction inhibitors was used to assess the role of extracellul ...	2007	16926049
structural characterization of n-glycans from the freshwater snail biomphalaria glabrata cross-reacting with schistosoma mansoni glycoconjugates.	the human parasitic trematode schistosoma mansoni has a complex life cycle that includes the freshwater snail biomphalaria glabrata as intermediate host. within each stage, the parasite synthesizes a wide array of glycoconjugates, exhibiting, in part, unique carbohydrate structures. in addition, the parasite expresses definitive host-like sugar epitopes, such as lewis x determinants, supporting the concept of carbohydrate-mediated molecular mimicry as an invasion and survival strategy. in the pr ...	2007	16971380
sublethal effects of ultraviolet b radiation on miracidia and sporocysts of schistosoma mansoni: intramolluscan development, infectivity, and photoreactivation.	schistosoma mansoni occurs in tropical regions where levels of ultraviolet b (uvb; 290-320 nm) light are elevated. however, the effects of uvb on parasite transmission are unknown. this study examines effects of uvb on the miracidia and sporocysts of s. mansoni, focusing specifically on intramolluscan development, infectivity, and the ability to photoreactivate (repair dna damage using visible light). histology revealed that miracidia irradiated with 861 j x m(-2) underwent abnormal development ...	2007	18314673
efficient rnai-based gene family knockdown via set cover optimization.	we address the problem of selecting an efficient set of initiator molecules (sirnas) for rna interference (rnai)-based gene family knockdown experiments. our goal is to select a minimal set of sirnas that (a) cover a targeted gene family or a specified subset of it, (b) do not cover any untargeted genes, and (c) are individually highly effective at inducing knockdown.	2007	16084706
effect of echinostoma friedi (trematoda: echinostomatidae) experimental infection on longevity, growth and fecundity of juvenile radix peregra (gastropoda: lymnaeidae) and biomphalaria glabrata (gastropoda: planorbidae) snails.	the effect of echinostoma friedi experimental infection on longevity, growth and fecundity of two susceptible first intermediate host snails, radix peregra and biomphalaria glabrata, was studied to contrast the level of compatibility. 120 r. peregra and 150 b. glabrata snails were used exposed to one, three or five miracidia and divided in three categories: inf (snails exposed and infected); eni (exposed but not infected) and c (control or not miracidial-exposed snails). r. peregra inf snails' d ...	2007	17805574
matrilin-like molecules produced by circulating hemocytes of the zebra mussel (dreissena polymorpha) upon stimulation.	since invading the great lakes basin, usa, in 1980s, the zebra mussel (dreissena polymorpha) has caused significant economic and ecologic devastation. the absence of major diseases led to the belief that zebra mussel may have extraordinary host defense mechanisms. this study was undertaken in order to better understand zebra mussel hemocyte functions. a suppressive subtraction hybridization (ssh) cdna library was constructed from naïve and stimulated hemocytes. stimulation was performed using a ...	2007	17555814
molluscicidal activities of six species of bignoniaceae from north-eastern brazil, as measured against biomphalaria glabrata under laboratory conditions.	the molluscicidal profile and brine-shrimp bio-activity of the ethanolic extracts of plants from the bignoniaceae family were determined. the six extracts investigated were of the stems of melloa quadrivalvis and tabebuia aurea, and whole plants of adenocalymma comosum, arrabidaea parviflora, cuspidaria argentea and clytostoma binatum. when tested in the laboratory, with biomphalaria glabrata as the test snail, all six extracts gave median lethal concentrations (9-54 microg/ml) that fell well be ...	2007	17524251
the correction of reaction rates in continuous fluorometric assays of enzymes.	the kinetic data obtained from the action of a cathepsin d-like enzyme from biomphalaria glabrata hepatopancreas (digestive gland) on mocac-gly-lys-pro-ile-leu-phe-phe-arg-leu-lys(dnp)-d-arg-nh(2), was studied as a data prototype, generated by means of a fluorogenic substrate. an initial fluorescence, due to incomplete energy transfer, of about 8% of the values attained after complete substrate hydrolysis; a non-linear standard curve even at microm concentrations and an exponential decay of the ...	2007	17239954
differential effects of paraquat on oxidative stress parameters and polyamine levels in two freshwater invertebrates.	paraquat is still a widely used herbicide in several countries. its toxic action on plants occurs through a one-electron reduction interfering with the photosynthesis process. by a similar reaction, the herbicide may induce peroxidation processes in non-target animal species. furthermore, paraquat may interfere with the cellular transport of polyamines. the aim of this work was to investigate some aspects related to paraquat-induction of oxidative stress (lipoperoxidation, enzymatic activities o ...	2007	17196654
identification and expression of gene transcripts generated during an anti-parasitic response in biomphalaria glabrata.	in order to gain further insights into the molecular basis of gastropod anti-parasite immune responses, we investigated transcripts of biomphalaria glabrata regulated during hemocytic encapsulation. using a snail strain that is resistant to the parasite echinostoma caproni, we performed suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) to construct cdna libraries of transcripts more abundantly expressed in unexposed or parasite-exposed snails. after sequence analysis and quantitative pcr analysis of e ...	2007	17166585
compatibility in the biomphalaria glabrata/echinostoma caproni model: new candidate genes evidenced by a suppressive subtractive hybridization approach.	in order to elucidate mechanisms underlying snail/echinostome compatibility, numerous molecular studies comparing transcripts and proteins of biomphalaria glabrata susceptible or resistant to echinostoma caproni were undertaken. these studies focused on plasma and haemocytes of the two strains and revealed that some transcripts and/or proteins were differentially expressed between strains. the aim of the present study was to develop a complementary transcriptomic approach by constructing subtrac ...	2007	17096871
an invertebrate (molluscan) plasma protein that binds to vertebrate immunoglobulins and its potential for yielding false-positives in antibody-based detection systems.	commercial immunoassay kits that incorporate monoclonal antibodies are being used increasingly to screen tissues and plasma from invertebrates for the presence of antigens that are taken to be homologues of the vertebrate immunogen. we report the presence of a protein (bgl115r) in the plasma of biomphalaria glabrata that binds to immunoglobulins from a variety of vertebrates. bgl115r (ca. 230 kd non-reduced, ca. 115 kd reduced on sds-page) binds to the f(ab')2-region of murine igg. binding could ...	2007	8738935
[molluscacide activity of piquerol a isolated from piqueria trinervia (compositae) on 8 species of pulmonate snails].	in laboratory trials an aqueous solution of piquerol a from piqueria trinervia, collected in several regions of mexico, showed a molluscicide action on the adults of eight different pulmonates snails species: fossaria (fossaria) humilis, f. (bakerilymnaea) sp., pseudosuccinea columella and stagnicola attenuata from mexico; f. (b.) cubensis and physa cubensis from cuba; p. columella and biomphalaria glabrata from brazil; b. glabrata from puerto rico; and s. elodes from u.s.a. the solution was tes ...	2008	2319950
molluscicidal activity of 2-hydroxy-[1,4]naphthoquinone and derivatives.	the toxic profile of lawsone (2-hydroxy-[1,4]naphthoquinone) and a series of [1,4]naphthoquinone derivatives was evaluated against the brine shrimp artemia salina and against the mollusk biomphalaria glabrata, the main transmitting vector of schistosomiasis in brazil. of the seventeen compounds tested nine fell below the threshold of 100 microg/ml set for potential molluscicidal activity by the world health organization. as a general rule derivatives with non-polar substituents presented the hig ...	2008	18506259
synchronized expression of retinoid x receptor mrna with reproductive tract recrudescence in an imposex-susceptible mollusc.	the biocide tributyltin (tbt) causes the development of male sex characteristics in females of some molluscan species, a phenomenon known as imposex. recent evidence suggests that the retinoid x receptor (rxr) participates in tbt-induced imposex. accordingly, we hypothesized that rxr may contribute to the seasonal development of the male reproductive tract in molluscs and would be expressed in concert with this phenomenon. rxr was cloned and sequenced from an imposex-susceptble species, the east ...	2008	18351115
establishment of the comet assay in the freshwater snail biomphalaria glabrata (say, 1818).	the single cell gel electrophoresis or the comet assay was established in the freshwater snail biomphalaria glabrata. for detecting dna damage in circulating hemocytes, adult snails were irradiated with single doses of 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 gy of (60)co gamma radiation. genotoxic effect of ionizing radiation was detected at all doses as a dose-related increase in dna migration. comet assay in b. glabrata demonstrated to be a simple, fast and reliable tool in the evaluation of genotoxic effects of en ...	2008	18579435
schistosome/mollusk: genetic compatibility.	schistosomiasis remains one of the most prevalent parasitic infections and has significant economic and public health consequences in many developing countries. economic development and improvement in standard of living in these countries are dependent on the elimination of this odious disease. for the control of schistosomiasis, understanding the host/parasite association is important, since the host parasite relationship is often complex and since questions remain concerning the susceptibility ...	2008	18561386
fibrinogen-bearing protein genes in the snail biomphalaria glabrata: characterization of two novel genes and expression studies during ontogenesis and trematode infection.	all fibrinogen (fbg)-bearing proteins documented to date in the freshwater snail biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediate host of the human blood fluke schistosoma mansoni, possess the same molecular structure; one or two immunoglobin superfamily (igsf) domains at the n-terminus and a fbg domain at the c-terminus (named as fbg-related protein (frep)). here we report two novel genes that encode fbg-bearing proteins from b. glabrata. different from all known freps, the first gene encodes a protein ...	2008	18417215
effects of intermediate host genetic background on parasite transmission dynamics: a case study using schistosoma mansoni.	for parasites that require multiple hosts to complete their development, genetic interplay with one host may impact parasite transmission and establishment in subsequent hosts. in this study, we used microsatellite loci to address whether the genetic background of snail intermediate hosts influences life-history traits and transmission patterns of dioecious trematode parasites in their definitive hosts. we performed experimental schistosoma mansoni infections utilizing two allopatric populations ...	2008	18538767
expression profiling and binding properties of fibrinogen-related proteins (freps), plasma proteins from the schistosome snail host biomphalaria glabrata.	a growing body of evidence suggests an important role for fibrinogen-like proteins in innate immunity in both vertebrates and invertebrates. it has been shown that fibrinogen-related proteins (freps), plasma proteins present in the freshwater snail biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediate host for the human blood fluke schistosoma mansoni, are diverse and involved in snail innate defense responses. to gain further insight into the functions of freps, recombinant frep proteins (rfreps) were produc ...	2008	18562576
comparative orestes-sampling of transcriptomes of immune-challenged biomphalaria glabrata snails.	the snail biomphalaria glabrata (gastropoda, mollusca) is an important intermediate host for the human parasite schistosoma mansoni (digenea, trematoda). anti-pathogen responses of b. glabrata were studied towards a better understanding of snail immunity and host-parasite compatibility. open reading frame ests (orestes) were sampled from different transcriptomes of m line strain b. glabrata, 12h post-challenge with escherichia coli (gram-negative), micrococcus luteus (gram-positive) bacteria or ...	2008	18590737
differences in cysteine protease activity in schistosoma mansoni-resistant and -susceptible biomphalaria glabrata and characterization of the hepatopancreas cathepsin b full-length cdna.	biomphalaria glabrata snails are known to display a wide range of susceptibility phenotypes to schistosoma mansoni infection depending on the genetics of both the snail and the invading parasite. evidence exists for a role of hydrolytic enzymes in the defense of molluscs against invading parasites. to elucidate the role of these enzymes in the outcome of infection in the snail, proteolysis was examined in parasite-resistant and -susceptible snails. zymographs of extracts from the whole snail or ...	2008	18605796
in vitro mitotic responses of the amebocyte-producing organ of biomphalaria glabrata to extracts of schistosoma mansoni.	amebocyte-producing organs (apos) of biomphalaria glabrata were maintained in nonnutritive saline with, or without, extracts of miracidia and adults of schistosoma mansoni, and examined histologically. the hematopoietic cells remained viable and showed measurable mitotic activity for up to 6 days, with little evidence of tissue death. apos accumulated fluid and became swollen by as soon as 24 hr, but no cell exomigration was observed. parasite extracts elicited an increase in the number of divid ...	2008	18973421
controlled chaos of polymorphic mucins in a metazoan parasite (schistosoma mansoni) interacting with its invertebrate host (biomphalaria glabrata).	invertebrates were long thought to possess only a simple, effective and hence non-adaptive defence system against microbial and parasitic attacks. however, recent studies have shown that invertebrate immunity also relies on immune receptors that diversify (e.g. in echinoderms, insects and mollusks (biomphalaria glabrata)). apparently, individual or population-based polymorphism-generating mechanisms exists that permit the survival of invertebrate species exposed to parasites. consequently, the g ...	2008	19002242
simultaneous infection of schistosoma mansoni and s. rodhaini in biomphalaria glabrata: impact on chronobiology and cercarial behaviour.	abstract:	2008	19055722
[temporary and permanent breeding sites for biomphalaria in jaboatão dos guararapes, pe].	a malacological survey of permanent and temporary breeding sites was conducted in the piedade neighborhood of jaboatão dos guararapes, pernambuco, between november 2006 and november 2007, with the aim of determining the malacological fauna at this locality, along with the potential for schistosomiasis mansoni transmission. in addition to biomphalaria glabrata (say, 1818), the molluscs drepanotrema cimex (moricand, 1837), pomacea sp and melanoides tuberculatus (muller, 1774) were collected. among ...	2008	18719804
wild and domesticated animals as reservoirs of schistosomiasis mansoni in brazil.	natural infection with schistosoma mansoni in wild vertebrates and domesticated animals in brazil is described in this review from an epidemiological viewpoint. some species of wild rodents are small-sized animals, with a short expectation of life, a limited territory, and present high infection rates under natural conditions. a successful maintenance of the parasite's life cycle under artificial conditions can be achieved with biomphalaria glabrata. on the other hand, despite showing low natura ...	2008	18722335
regulation of hydrogen peroxide release in circulating hemocytes of the planorbid snail biomphalaria glabrata.	biomphalaria spp. serve as obligate intermediate hosts for the human blood fluke schistosoma mansoni. following s. mansoni penetration of biomphalaria glabrata, hemocytes of resistant snails migrate towards the parasite, encasing the larva in a multicellular capsule resulting in its destruction via a cytotoxic reaction. recent studies have revealed the importance of hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) and nitric oxide (no) in parasite killing [hahn uk, bender rc, bayne cj. killing of schistosoma manson ...	2008	17981329
specific tyrosine phosphorylation induced in schistosoma mansoni miracidia by haemolymph from schistosome susceptible, but not resistant, biomphalaria glabrata.	molecular interplay during snail-schistosome interactions is poorly understood and there is much to discover concerning the effect of snail host molecules on molecular processes in schistosomes. using the biomphalaria glabrata - schistosoma mansoni host-parasite system, the effects of exposure to haemolymph, derived from schistosome-resistant and susceptible snail strains, on protein tyrosine phosphorylation in miracidia have been investigated. western blotting revealed several tyrosine phosphor ...	2008	18053291
molecular determinants of compatibility polymorphism in the biomphalaria glabrata/schistosoma mansoni model: new candidates identified by a global comparative proteomics approach.	the co-evolutionary dynamics that exist in host-parasite interactions sometimes lead to compatibility polymorphisms, the molecular bases of which are rarely investigated. to identify key molecules that are involved in this phenomenon in the schistosoma mansoni/biomphalaria glabrata model, we developed a comparative proteomics approach using the larval stages that interact with the invertebrate host. we used qualitative and quantitative analyses to compare the total proteomes of primary sporocyst ...	2008	18083248
biomphalaria glabrata transcriptome: cdna microarray profiling identifies resistant- and susceptible-specific gene expression in haemocytes from snail strains exposed to schistosoma mansoni.	biomphalaria glabrata is an intermediate snail host for schistosoma mansoni, one of the important schistosomes infecting man. b. glabrata/s. mansoni provides a useful model system for investigating the intimate interactions between host and parasite. examining differential gene expression between s. mansoni-exposed schistosome-resistant and susceptible snail lines will identify genes and pathways that may be involved in snail defences.	2008	19114004
physiological changes and molluscicidal effects of crude latex and milin on biomphalaria glabrata.	euphorbian latex is commonly used as molluscicides and the euphorbia milii latex was reported as most powerful molluscicidal agents. the physiological and lethal effects of the latex components of euphorbia milii, on the intermediate host biomphalaria spp., of the human liver parasite schistosoma mansoni were described in this study. the standard methodologies for testing plant derived molluscicides formulated by world health organisation (who) were followed with some modifications. the young sp ...	2008	18262588
molecular and functional characterization of a tandem-repeat galectin from the freshwater snail biomphalaria glabrata, intermediate host of the human blood fluke schistosoma mansoni.	in the present study, a tandem-repeat type galectin was characterized from an embryonic cell line (bge) and circulating hemocytes of the snail biomphalaria glabrata, intermediate host of the human blood fluke schistosoma mansoni. the predicted b. glabrata galectin (bggal) protein of 32 kda possessed 2 carbohydrate recognition domains, each displaying 6 of 8 conserved amino acids involved in galactoside-binding activity. a recombinant bggal (rbggal) demonstrated hemagglutinating activity against ...	2008	18280060
localization of carbohydrate determinants common to biomphalaria glabrata as well as to sporocysts and miracidia of schistosoma mansoni.	the presence of antigenic carbohydrate epitopes shared by biomphalaria glabrata as well as by the sporocysts and miracidia representing snail-pathogenic larval stages of schistosoma mansoni was assayed by immunohistochemical staining of paraformaldehyde-fixed tissues. to this end, both polyclonal rabbit antiserum raised against soluble egg antigens (sea) of s. mansoni and monoclonal antibodies recognizing the carbohydrate epitopes ldn [galnac(beta1-4)glcnac(beta1-)], f-ldn [fuc(alpha1-3)galnac(b ...	2008	18507884
disruption of erk signalling in biomphalaria glabrata defence cells by schistosoma mansoni: implications for parasite survival in the snail host.	biomphalaria glabrata is an intermediate snail host for the human blood fluke schistosoma mansoni. to survive in b. glabrata, s. mansoni must suppress the snail's haemocyte-mediated defence response; the molecular mechanisms by which this is achieved remain largely unknown. we report here that s. mansoni excretory-secretory products (esps) attenuate phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) in haemocytes from a b. glabrata strain susceptible to s. mansoni. whole s. mansoni s ...	2008	18619674
effects of azinphos-methyl exposure on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in biomphalaria glabrata and lumbriculus variegatus.	azinphos-methyl is an organophosphate insecticide used for pest control on a number of food crops in many parts of the world. the oligochaete lumbriculus variegatus and pigmented and non-pigmented specimens of the gastropod biomphalaria glabrata are freshwater invertebrates that have been recommended for contamination studies. recently, it has been shown that l. variegatus worms exhibit a higher cholinesterase (che) activity and a greater sensitivity to in vivo che inhibition by azinphos-methyl ...	2008	18533225
a mathematical model of schistosoma mansoni in biomphalaria glabrata with control strategies.	we describe and analyze a mathematical model for schistosomiasis in which infected snails are distinguished from susceptible through increased mortality and no reproduction. we based the model on the same derivation as anderson and may (j. anim. ecol. 47:219-247, 1978), feng and milner (a new mathematical model of schistosomiasis, mathematical models in medical and health science, nashville, tn, 1997. innov. appl. math., vanderbilt univ. press, nashville, pp. 117-128, 1998), and may and anderson ...	2008	18668296
[schistosomiasis in an ecotourism area in minas gerais state, brazil].	this paper discusses schistosomiasis transmission in são josé da serra, a village with a population of 500 in the county of jaboticatubas, minas gerais state, brazil. the area receives thousands of visitors a year for ecotourism. the study was motivated by a case of acute schistosomiasis involving a couple that spent the 2007 carnival (mardi gras) holiday in the area. stool tests from 268 local residents (53.6% of the population) showed that 35 (13%) were positive for the infection. a comparison ...	2008	18670694
molecular characterization and gene expression analysis of a pattern recognition protein from disk abalone, haliotis discus discus.	pattern recognition molecules play an important role in innate immunity by recognizing common epitopes on the surface of invading microorganism. a pattern recognition protein (prp) was isolated from a disk abalone, haliotis discus discus, normalized cdna library. it encodes 420 amino acids (aa) including a 20 aa signal peptide sequence. the mature protein has an estimated molecular mass of 45kda and predicted pi of 5.0. the deduced aa sequence showed greatest homology (50%) with a beta-glucan re ...	2008	18782621
structure and possible functional role of septate junctions in the ovotestis of a pond snail: inter-sertoli junctions.	junctions between sertoli cells, which form a continuous layer at the periphery of the 'acinus' in the ovotestis of biomphalaria glabrata (mollusc gastropod), have been studied with conventional sections, lanthanum impregnation, replicas and scanning analysis of unstained sections. extensive undulating septate junctions link sertoli cells, which surround the various stages of spermatid differentiation. the morphology of the pleated septate junctions here presented indicates a possible role as a ...	2008	2582146
[migration of biomphalaria glabrata under the influence of pulsating direct electric current].		2008	5701042
[influence of the container cover on the result of the biologic analysis of biomphalaria glabrata].		2008	5595557
[biological control: tilapia melanopleura dumeril versus biomphalaria glabrata (say), under laboratory conditions].		2008	5393916
[effect of temperature on cultures of biomphalaria glabrata (say) in the laboratory].		2009	7034063
chromosomal studies during spermatogenesis and the radiation induced chromosomal aberrations in biomphalaria glabrata.		2009	4479688
a sybr green real-time pcr assay for the detection of the nematode angiostrongylus vasorum in definitive and intermediate hosts.	the parasitic nematode angiostrongylus vasorum is an emerging challenge for companion animal and wildlife health, with reported increases in both distribution and incidence in europe. to facilitate improved detection of this parasite, a sybr green real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed to amplify a region of the second internal transcribed spacer (its-2) of a. vasorum from both definitive and intermediate host samples. the pcr assay was capable of detecting a single of plasmid d ...	2009	19717239
flow cytometry analysis of the circulating haemocytes from biomphalaria glabrata and biomphalaria tenagophila following schistosoma mansoni infection.	aiming to further characterize the haemocyte subsets in biomphalaria snails, we have performed a detailed flow cytometric analysis of whole haemolymph cellular components using a multiparametric dual colour labelling procedure. ethidium bromide/acridine orange fluorescence features were used to first select viable haemocytes followed by flow cytometric morphometric analysis based on the laser scatter properties (forward scatter-fsc and side scatter-ssc). our findings demonstrated that b. glabrat ...	2009	19126270
molecular epidemiology of brazilian biomphalaria: a review of the identification of species and the detection of infected snails.	the three vector species of schistosoma mansoni in brazil, biomphalaria glabrata, b. tenagophila and b. straminea show different susceptibility levels to the trematode besides a wide geographical distribution. the identification of such molluscs is important to further understand the disease epidemiology. considering the fact that morphological identification may become difficult or even impossible under particular circumstances, the use of molecular-based methods have permitted the generation o ...	2009	19426656
biomphalaria glabrata peroxiredoxin: effect of schistosoma mansoni infection on differential gene regulation.	to identify gene(s) that may be associated with resistance/susceptibility in the intermediate snail host biomphalaria glabrata to schistosoma mansoni infection, a snail albumen gland cdna library was differentially screened and a partial cdna encoding an antioxidant enzyme thioredoxin peroxidase (tpx), or peroxiredoxin (prx), was identified. the 753bp full-length, single-copy, constitutively expressed gene now referred to as bgprx4 was later isolated. bgprx4 is a 2-cys peroxiredoxin containing t ...	2009	19439374
activities of naphthoquinones against aedes aegypti (linnaeus, 1762) (diptera: culicidae), vector of dengue and biomphalaria glabrata (say, 1818), intermediate host of schistosoma mansoni.	larvicidal (against aedes aegypti linnaeus, 1762) and molluscicidal (against biomphalaria glabrata say, 1818) activities of several natural and synthetic naphthoquinones were measured, with significant results. the best larvicidal compound is 3-bromojuglone, while the better molluscicides are 2-bromo- and 3-bromo-5-acetoxy-1,4-naphthoquinones together with the 3-bromo-5-methoxy derivative. the present results reinforce the potential use of substituted hydroxyquinones, their salts and halogenated ...	2009	19426662
glycotope analysis in miracidia and primary sporocysts of schistosoma mansoni: differential expression during the miracidium-to-sporocyst transformation.	fucosylated carbohydrate epitopes (glycotopes) expressed by larval and adult schistosomes are thought to modulate the host immune response and possibly mediate parasite evasion in intermediate and definitive hosts. while previous studies showed glycotope expression is developmentally and stage-specifically regulated, relatively little is known regarding their occurrence in miracidia and primary sporocysts. in this study, previously defined monoclonal antibodies were used in confocal laser scanni ...	2009	19545571
schistosoma mansoni infection of juvenile biomphalaria glabrata induces a differential stress response between resistant and susceptible snails.	schistosomes develop successfully in susceptible snails but are encapsulated and killed in resistant ones. mechanism(s) shaping these outcomes involves the parasites ability to evade the snail's defenses. rna analysis from resistant (bs-90), non-susceptible (lac2) and susceptible (nmri) juvenile biomphalaria glabrata to schistosoma mansoni revealed that stress-related genes, heat shock protein 70 (hsp 70) and reverse transcriptase (rt), were dramatically co-induced early in susceptible snails, b ...	2009	19660454
revised karyotyping and gene mapping of the biomphalaria glabrata embryonic (bge) cell line.	the fresh water snail biomphalaria glabrata (2n=36) belongs to the taxonomic class gastropoda (family planorbidae) and is integral to the spread of the human parasitic disease schistosomiasis. the importance of this mollusc is such that it has been selected as a model molluscan organism for whole genome sequencing. in order to understand the structure and organisation of the b. glabrata's genome it is important that gene mapping studies are established. thus, we have studied the genomes of two b ...	2009	19133265
community diversity reduces schistosoma mansoni transmission, host pathology and human infection risk.	global biodiversity loss and disease emergence are two of the most challenging issues confronting science and society. recently, observed linkages between species-loss and vector-borne infections suggest that biodiversity may help reduce pathogenic infections in humans and wildlife, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship and its applicability to a broader range of pathogens have remained speculative. here, we experimentally evaluated the effects of host community structure on transmissi ...	2009	19203926
transcriptome analysis of schistosoma mansoni larval development using serial analysis of gene expression (sage).	summary: infection of the snail, biomphalaria glabrata, by the free-swimming miracidial stage of the human blood fluke, schistosoma mansoni, and its subsequent development to the parasitic sporocyst stage is critical to establishment of viable infections and continued human transmission. we performed a genome-wide expression analysis of the s. mansoni miracidia and developing sporocyst using long serial analysis of gene expression (longsage). five cdna libraries were constructed from miracidia a ...	2009	19265565
thai koi-hoi snail dish and angiostrongyliasis due to angiostrongylus cantonensis: effects of food flavoring and alcoholic drink on the third-stage larvae in infected snail meat.	human infection with the rat lungworm angiostrongylus cantonensis (parastrongylus cantonensis) in thailand, especially in the northeastern region, is associated with the habit of eating koi-hoi, which contains raw snail meat. infection results from the snails being carriers of the larval parasite. the present study was conducted to assess the effect of food flavorings in koi-hoi, alcohol, and exposure time of the two variable on the infective larvae of a. cantonensis. infected biomphalaria glabr ...	2009	19272010
behaviour of albino and melanic variants of biomphalaria glabrata say, 1818 (mollusca: planorbidae) following infection by schistosoma mansoni sambon, 1907.	the behaviour of the albino and melanic variants of biomphalaria glabrata of belo horizonte (mg. brazil) was studied comparatively, in terms of their respective susceptibilities to infection by schistosoma mansoni of the same origin, through observation of the elimination of cercariae for a three-month period and the calculation of mortality and infection rates, in control and in infected snails. the number of amoebocytes, granulocytes and hyalinocytes in the circulating hemolymph during differe ...	2009	19347168
effects of host outcrossing on the interaction between an aquatic snail and its locally adapted parasite.	in this study, we investigated the interaction between host outcrossing and infection in the biomphalaria glabrata-schistosoma mansoni system. snails collected from three susceptible isofemale lines were mated with either siblings or snails recently derived from a field site in brazil. resulting inbred and outcrossed progeny were then exposed to s. mansoni larvae and monitored for a 10-week period. interestingly, all snails exhibited equal susceptibility whether they were the result of inbreedin ...	2009	19352708