Publications

development of infectivity by the plasmodium berghei sporozoite.	studies were done on the development of infectivity during ontogeny of the sporozoite of the rodent malaria parasite, plasmodium berghei. populations of sporozoites were separated from the oocysts, the hemocoel, and the salivary glands, with special precautions being taken to avoid cross-contamination between the different populations. the results indicated that populations of salivary gland sporozoites were more than 10,000 times as infective as populations of oocyst sporozoites from the same m ...	1975	1090717
rodent systems (plasmodium berghei-anopheles stephensi) for screening compounds for potential causal prophylaxis.	an in vivo screening system is described in which drugs administered to rats or mice and challenged with sporozoites are evaluated for their antimalarial properties (causal prophylaxis, suppression, therapy) by the presence or absence of exoerythrocytic forms and parasitemia. the system is composed of a/j mice, sprague-dawley rats, plasmodium berghei, and anopheles stephensi. good correlation has been found between test results and practical application.	1975	1091166
detailed purine salvage metabolism in and outside the free malarial parasite.		1975	1091492
qualitative analysis of phospholipids isolated from nonviable plasmodium antigen.		1975	1091493
a new prodiginne (prodigiosin-like) pigment from streptomyces. antimalarial activity of several prodiginnes.	two prodigiosin-like pigments from streptomyces sp. were shown to be undecylprodiginine (i) and butylcycloheptylprodiginine (v). the antimalarial activity of five prodiginine pigments is given.	1975	1092639
synthesis and antimalarial activity of heterocyclic alkyl disulfides, thiosulfates, and dithio acid derivatives.	based on the antimalarial activity in mice of bis(4-rho-acetamidobenzenesulfonamidophenyl) disulfide, a series of n-heterocyclic alkyl disulfides and thiosulfates was synthesized and screened for antimalarial activity. several related dithio acid dianions and s- blocked derivatives were also screened to provide an indication of the possible role that thiol anions might play in malaria chemotherapy. activity was limited by toxicity with these compounds, and none of those tested, with the exceptio ...	1975	1092835
synthesis and evaluation of 6-arylactamido-2,4-diaminoquinazolines and related compounds as folic acid antagonists.	a series of 2,4-diaminoquinazolines bearing an aryl function attached to the 6 position through an acetamido or related linkage was synthesized. each compound was evaluated as an inhibitor of rat liver dihydrofolate reductase as well as for suppressive antimalarial effects against plasmodium berghei in mice. significant in vivo activity was found to reside primarily with 5-chloro-6-arylacetamido derivatives. most of these compounds were also tested for prophylactic activity against sporozoite-in ...	1975	1094114
circadian and other rhythms of parasites.		1975	1094812
splenic mediated erythrocyte cytotoxicity in malaria.	cell-mediated cytotoxicity in virulent rodent malaria has been demonstrated in vitro, whereby splenic cells effected specific lysis of 51cr-labelled erythrocytes from parasitized animals. more than one cellular cytolytic effector system appeared to be operative in the mouse. one effector system involved splenic macrophages, from normal or immune animals, which were increasingly cytotoxic to target cells in the presence of antibody. a second effector system involved nylonpurified immune spleen ce ...	1975	1095474
antimalarial compounds. xiii. new derivatives of phenyl chloromethyl sulfone.	a series of chloromethylsulfonyl derivatives of amines, biguanides and amidineureas (scheme 1) has been prepared and their antimalarial properties investigated.	1975	1096101
antimalarial compounds. xiv. new derivatives of 2-bromo-n,n-bis-(diethylaminoethyl)-4,5-dimethoxyanaline (rc 12).	the molecule of rc 12 which was found previously to exhibit antimalarial activity has been modified, by replacing groups in positions 1 and 2 by nhar, s-ar, no2, sulfonamido and other substituents. the new derivatives (table 1) were tested for toxicity and antimalarial activity agains plasmodium berghei in mice (table 2).	1975	1096102
cerebral malaria in a virulent rodent plasmodial infection.		1975	1096377
anaemia in mice with concomitant schistosoma mansoni and plasmodium berghei yoelii infection.	1. the effect on anaemia in mice given plasmodium berghei yoelii 3 and 5 weeks after exposure to schistosoma mansoni cercariae, was investigated. 2. haematological criteria (pcv and haemoglobin levels), reticulocytosis, parasitaemia and splenomegaly were used as indices. 3. anaemia was severe in the animals given p. b. yoelii and in those with mixed infection (p. b: yoelii plus s. mansoni). malaria was found to dominate the picture until the clearance of the parasitaemia. the effect of the inter ...	1975	1096378
counter-current immunoelectrophoresis for the demonstration of malarial antigens and antibodies in the sera of rats and mice.		1975	1096380
plasmodium berghei: immunologic enhancement of antigen by adjuvant addition.		1975	1097263
antibody-mediated elimination of malaria parasites (plasmodium berghei) in vivo.	an infective preparation of extracellular blood forms (fp) of plasmodium berghei was used to study some aspects of the interaction between protective antibodies and malaria parasites. fp but not infected erythrocytes (irbc) were shown by the fluorescent antibody technique to be coated by antibodies after in vitro incubation with immune serum. preincubation of both fp and irbc with immune serum followed by their washing did not result in enhanced elimination of the parasites in vivo. however, fp ...	1975	1097338
synthesis of (4-quinolinoamino)aminoalkyltetrahydronaphthalene derivatives for possible antimalarial activity.	(4-quinolinoamino)aminoalkyltetrahydronaphthalene derivatives were synthesized in an attempt to introduce new agents with antimalarial activity.	1975	1097633
potential antimalarials. 9. resolution of alpha-diheptylaminomethyl-6-bromo-9-phenanthrenemethanol by an unusual method.		1975	1097687
quinoxaline studies. 23. potential antimalarials. substituted 5,8-dimethoxyquinoxalines.	two series of 2,3-disubstituted 5,8-dimethoxy-6-[n- (omega-dimethylaminoalkyl) amino] quinoxalines were prepared: the first series with identical 2,3-substituents h, ch3, c6h5, c6h4-4-cl, and ch2c6h5; and the second with identical styryl groups ch=chc6h5, ch=chc6h4-4-cl, ch=chc6h3-3,4-c12, ch=chc6h4-4-f, ch=chc6h4-4-cf3, and ch=chc6h4-4-no2. none of the substances possessed antimalarial activity; several were toxic at highest dosage levels.	1975	1097693
the chemotherapy of rodent malaria, xxi. action of quinine and wr 122 (a 9-phenanthrenemethanol) on the fine structure of plasmodium berghei in mouse blood.	the effects of quinine and a 9-phenanthrenemethanol, wr 122,455 on the fine structure of plasmodium berghei have been investigated. changes consequent upon quinine treatment were noted in the outer membranes (including those that surround the "food vacuole") and the digestive vacuoles. these changes were followed by cytoplasmic degeneration and vacuolization. wr 122,455 caused morphological changes in at least three areas of the parasite, (1) the outer membranes, (2) the digestive vacuole and (3 ...	1975	1098583
the chemotherapy of rodent malaria, xxii. the value of drug-resistant strains of p. berghei in screening for blood schizontocidal activity.	data are provided on the activity of a variety of antimalarial drugs against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant lines of plasmodium berghei in albino mice. parallel data for the response of the drug-sensitive parasites to these compounds in vitro indicate whether the drugs have a chloroquine-like or quinine-like type of action, or neither. the value of this test system for drug evaluation is debated. it is concluded that the in vivo tests do provide a valuable indication of the potential use of a ...	1975	1098584
sudden increase in virulence in a strain of plasmodium berghei yoelii.	the mild and chronic 17x strain of plasmodium berghei yoelii showed a sudden increase in virulence following a period of 110 days in the deep freeze. the enhanced virulence was seen in a very high and early parasite peak in the blood and a 100% mortality of all infected mice. the exalted virulence remained unaltered following a number of blood transfers of the strain and after four cyclical transmissions through anopheles stephensi. enzyme pattern studies revealed that the virulent strain posses ...	1975	1098585
role of complement components in the susceptibility to plasmodium berghei infection among inbred strains of mice.	inbred strains of mice, sensitive and resistant to plasmodium berghei infections, including a complement deficient strain were infected with p. berghei. daily levels of parasitaemia were determined and serum levels of complement components (c3 and c5) measured by standard haemolytic assay. serum levels of c3 and c5 were depressed in all strains of mice infected with p. berghei. there was no difference in the infectivity and course of p. berghei infection in the co-isogenic c5 deficient and non-d ...	1975	1098586
purification and some properties of malarial pigment.	malarial pigment from erythrocytes infected with plasmodium berghei was purified by treatment with sodium dodecyl sulphate solution, followed by incubation with pancreatin. the purified pigment retained the apparently crystalline form of pigment within the parasite, rotated polarised light and had the same solubility characterisation as crude malarial pigment. it contained about 1% iron, all of which could be accounted for in terms of haemin. the iron of the pigment molecule is oxidised by the p ...	1975	1098588
immunological studies in rodent malaria. i: protective immunity induced in mice by mild strains of plasmodium berghei yoelii against a virulent and fatal line of this plasmodium.	mild and virulent lines of plasmodium berghei yoelii are readily distinguished both by their course of infection and by the preference of the virulent line for mature red blood cells. mice given either mild line were fully protected against the virulent p.b. yoelii one week after they had become negative. mice given the mild line of p.b. yoelii 17x were fully protected against a challenge by the virulent line on the third day of infection (d+3). mice given the mild and virulent lines of p.b. yoe ...	1975	1098589
the chemotherapy of rodent malaria, xxiii causal prophylaxis, part ii: practical experience with plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in drug screening.	data are presented on the causal prophylactic action of about 100 compounds of various types against plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis n67 in mice. examples are given to show how action against pre-erythrocytic schizonts may be differentiated from action on emerging erythrocytic stages. in a series of 35 8-aminoquinolines, all but 10 showed definite causal prophylactic activity at tolerated doses. the data permit the compounds to be ranked in order of activity, and many are shown to be more active i ...	1975	1098590
a comparison of pigment from schistosoma mansoni and plasmodium berghei.	the structures of malarial and schistosomal pigment within the parasites are distinct. the two pigments are distinguishable both before and after extraction from host liver.	1975	1098591
antimalarials: screening of (orally administered) silver solfonamides against plasmodium berghei.	orally administered silver sulfadiazine is effective against plasmodium berghei. attempts to synthesize an active analogue with antimalarial activity failed. although several of the analogues were chemically stable (like silver sulfadiazine) in sodium chloride, none of the analogues were biologically active. this suggests that the antimalarial activity of silver sulfadiazine is stereo-specific.	1975	1098869
thiosemicarbazones and hydrazones of alpha-methylchalkone as potential chemotherapeutic agents.	the effectiveness of chalkones and derivatives as antibacterial and antifungal agents stimulated our interest in the possibility of coupling this type of compound with certain hydrazines and thiosemicarbazides to determine the potential chemotherapeutic activity of these combinations as anticancer and antimalarial agents. accordingly, 18 hydrazine and thiosemicarbazide derivatives of alpha-methylchalkone (dypnone) have been synthesized for study as potential antitumor agents in animal tumor syst ...	1975	1099024
alterations in the permeability of mouse erythrocytes infected with the malaria parasite, plasmodium berghei.		1975	1099038
antimalarial phenanthrene amino alcohols. 3. halogen-containing 9-phenanthrenemethanols.	a series of new 9-phenanthrene amino alcohols has been prepared in which each compound bears from one to five halogen or halogen-containing moieties. a number of these compounds are extremely active against plasmodium berghei in the mouse. some structural requirements for optimal efficacy are considered.	1975	1099200
comparison of tritiated hypoxanthine, adenine and adenosine for purine-salvage incorporation into nucleic acids of the malarial parasite, plasmodium berghei.	this study was accomplished to examine the relative importance of different metabolic precursors of nucleic acid synthesis in the malarial parasite, p. berghei. three possible pathways for incorporation of adenine (type) compounds exist: 1) incorporation via hypoxanthine, 2) via adenine, or 3) via adenosine. the parasitized cell and erythrocyte-free malarial parasite were both examined because of possible metabolic differences that could be encountered. hypoxanthine was clearly the best precurso ...	1975	1099747
mass isolation of anopheles stephensi salivary glands infected with malarial sporozoites.		1975	1100801
antimalarials. 7.2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-quinolinemethanols.	based on the high antilalarial activity of alpha-(2-piperidyl)-2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-quinolinemethanol, ten additional 2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-quinolinemethanols were prepared in which the amino alcohol side chain was structurally varied. synthesis of the compounds is described and antimalarial activity data against plasmodium berghei are presented and discussed in terms of the structure variations.	1975	1100828
neutralizing antibody in rodent malaria.	small numbers of rat erythrocytes infected with viable p. berghei, when inoculated into susceptible rats together with hyperimmune rat serum (his), are fully neutralized. serum from convalescent rats delays the onset of patency but does not neutralize. the neutralizing efficiency of his rises in proportion to the number of successive reinoculations of hyperimmune rats. in contrast, mice inoculated with parasites together with either his or normal rat serum succumbed to the disease at the same ti ...	1975	1101458
failure to protect mus musculus against plasmodium berghei with footpad injections of killed parasites incorporated in complete freund's adjuvant.	the stimulation of cell-mediated immunity by the injection of antigen from killed parasites incorporated in complete freund's adjuvant did not protect mus musculus from the erythrocytic stages of plasmodium berghei. agglutinating antibodies could not be detected, but delayed hypersensitivity was demonstrable. apparently thymocyte sensitization alone was not sufficient to afford protection.	1975	1102649
enhanced trypanosoma musculi infections in mice with concomitant malaria.		1975	1102992
t-cell activation in murine malaria.		1975	1102993
the nature of age immunity to plasmodium berghei in the rat.	the intensity of plasmodium berghei infections decreases as the age of the rat host increases. the nature of this 'age immunity' was investigated. no experimental support was found for innate resistance involving either serum non-antibody factors or changes in the erythrocytes that inhibit parasites in older rats. a cross reacting immune response active against p. berghei was not found. evidence is presented which shows that rats less than 7 weeks old lack at least part of the functional immunol ...	1975	1103066
[course of trypanosoma musculi infections in plasmodium berghi-infected mice (author's transl)].	trypanosoma musculi brought into plasmodium berghei-infected mice in the later stages of the malaria infection shows rapid, approximately logarithmic multiplication in the peripheral blood. the trypanosome number increases by a factor of 2-9 per day, multiplication of the parasites kills most mice in a few days. many multiplicative forms of the trypanosomes and a few trypanosomes without nuclei are seen in blood smears. histologically and in touch preparations, masses of multiplicative forms of ...	1975	1103389
[altered reproductive behaviour of trypanosoma musculi after several years of passage in mice (author's transl)].	the modified strain multiplied less in pregnant and in plasmodium berghei-infected mice, more in heavily infected normal mice, and more or less in weakly infected normal mice. the discordant behaviour in weakly infected mice was due to the occurrence in some animals of a second phase of more rapid increase of the parasitemia. this behaviour could be seen occasionally in the original strain, too. in inbred mice (balb/chan) the length of parasitemia clearly depended on inoculum size and height of ...	1975	1103390
effects of lowered environmental temperature on the growth of exoerythrocytic stages of plasmodium berghei.	the effect of lowered host-environmental temperature upon the development and maturation of the preerythrocytic tissue stages of rodent malaria parasites has been investigated in two strains of plasmodium berghei originating from the highlands of katanga. young albino rats inoculated with massive sporozoite doses of p. berghei nk 65 and maintained for 48 hours at 12 degrees c developed small, stunted tissue schizonts, averaging 11 x 15 microns, of a distinct morphology. control rats kept at room ...	1975	1103642
detection of antibody in white mice infected with plasmodium berghei by means of the indirect immunofluorescence test.	experiments have been conducted in order to test the efficacy of the immunofluorescence test in the detection of antibody in mice infected with plasmodium berghei vincke et zips, 1948. this method enables the detection of antibody in subclinical and latent cases when an occasional parasite only is present in the blood cells. of the various methods used for the preparation of antigen, and of the various fixatives, a satisfactory immunofluorescence reaction was obtained if unfixed erythrocytes wit ...	1975	1104419
evaluation of a method for in vitro ookinete development of the rodent malarial parasite, plasmodium berghei.		1975	1104798
chloroquine resistance in malaria: variations of substrate-stimulated chloroquine accumulation.	the response of [14c]chloroquine accumulation to the provision of substrate was evaluated using washed erythrocytes infected with plasmodium berghei cs (chloroquine-susceptible), with p. berghei cr (chloroquine-resistant), with plasmodium vinckei cs, with p. vinckei cr, or with a strain of p. berghei spontaneously resistant to chloroquine, plasmodium berghei yoelii 17x. erythrocytes infected with chloroquine-resistant parasites had a blunted response, particularly to low glucose concentrations. ...	1975	1104805
antimalarials. synthesis and antimalarial activity of 1-(4-methoxycinnamoyl)-4-(5-phenyl-4-oxo-2-oxazolin-2-yl)piperazine and derivatives.	the preparation and activity against plasmodium berghei of derivatives of 1-(4-methoxycinnamoyl)-4-(5-phenyl-4-oxo-2-oxazolin-2-yl)piperazine are described. replacement of the cinnamoyl group was accomplished by acylation or alkylation of 1-(5-phenyl-4-oxo-2-oxazolin-2-yl)piperazine. modifications of the 5-phenyl group were prepared either by a sequence of reactions involving mandelic ester-pemoline-piperazine pemoline or by the reaction of 5-aryl-2-thio-2,4-oxazolidinedione with piperazine or n ...	1975	1104830
antimalarials. 3. 3-substituted 1-naphthalenemethanols.	the synthesis and antimalarial activity of 22 3-substituted 1-naphthalenemethanols whose substitution was patterned after the antimalarial 2-substituted 4-quinolinemethanols are described. the compounds were active against plasmodium berghei in mice, the most active being 6-chloro-alpha-(dibutylaminomethyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-naphthalenemethanol hydrochloride (3b). the naphthalenemethanols tested, 1b and 2b, were not photosensitizing to albino mice. structure-activity relationships between ...	1975	1104831
antimalarials. 10. substituted 3-halo- and 3-methoxy-2-aryl-4-quinoline(di-n-butylaminomethyl)methanols.	four 2-aryl-4-quinoline(di-n-butylaminomethyl)methanols with br, cl, f, or ome in position 3 were synthesized by modifications of standard reactions. the antimalarial activity decreased with increased size of the 3-substituent. the 3-f-4',6,8-cl3 compound was the most active (at 2.5 mg/kg) and was completely curative at 80 mg/kg against p. berghei in mice.	1975	1104832
intramuscular immunization of mice with irradiated plasmodium berghei sporozoites. enhancement of protection with albumin.		1975	1106231
[immunosuppression in protozoan infections].		1975	1107126
antimalarial amino alcohols ii: anthraceneaminoethanols and anthraceneaminopropanols (1- and 9-substituted).	the syntheses of seven anthracene amino alcohols with one, two, or three additional substituents are described. these compounds include three 1-aminoethanols, two 9-aminoethanols, and two 9-aminopropanols, prepared from substituted anthraquinones or from 10-chloro-9-anthraldehydes. the antimalarial activity of these compounds, as well as tentative structure-activity relationships, is discussed in the light of previously published work.	1975	1107515
synthesis of 2-pyridyl-alpha-toluenesulfonates as antimalarials.	a series of substituted 2-pyridyl-alpha-toluenesulfonates was synthesized for antimalarial testing. they were prepared by treating various 2-pyridinols with alpha-toluenesulfonyl chlorides in the presence of an alkali. in tests against plasmodium berghei in mice at 640 mg/kg, only 3,5-dichloro-2-pyridyl-alpha-toluenesulfonate was considered active, i.e., doubled the mean survival time.	1975	1107516
biological screening in the u.s. army antimalarial drug development program.	the methods of testing drugs in the united states army antimalarial drug development program are described. to date over two hundred thousand compounds have been screened. for each 3,000 compounds evaluated in the primary screen, only 1 is assessed for efficacy in the final test system. of those potential antimalarials assessed in this last system, only about half are deemed worthy of preclinical toxicological evaluation.	1975	804264
pyruvate kinase in malaria host-parasite interaction.		1975	805379
orally-administered silver sulfadiazine: chemotherapy and toxicology in cf-1 mice; plasmodium berghei (malaria) and pseudomonas aeruginosa.	silver sulfadiazine when administered orally and subcutaneously to cf-1 mice in doses not exceeding 1,050 mg/kg proved to have minimal toxicity. no pathology or abnormal reactions were seen in cf-1 mice after receiving 1,050 mg/kg orally and subcutaneously once a day for 30 days. silver sulfadiazine in doses of 1,050 mg/kg, once a day for 5 days cured mice of plasmodium berghei even after splenectomy. parasitemia was reduced to zero in 1-3 days and antimalarial activity was not inhibited signifi ...	1975	807459
amino acid analogs. iii: new syntheses of monomethyl- and monophenylglutamic acids.	glutamic acid analogs containing 3- and 4-methyl and 2-, 3-, and 4-phenyl substituents were prepared. the 3- and 4-methyl- and 3- and 4-phenylglutamic acids did not inhibit plasmodium berghei and were nontoxic to the host (mice) at 640 mg/kg. the five analogs in addition to 2-methlglutamic acid were inactive against lactobacillus casei at 1000 mug/ml in a defined medium: against escherichia coli, only 2-methylglutamic acid caused 27% inhibition at 10,000 mug/ml. all six analogs failed to inhibit ...	1975	811786
quinazolines as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase. 3. analogs of pteroic and isopteroic acids.	a series of 19 quinazoline analogs of pteroic and isopteroic acid was prepared with particular emphasis being placed upon carboxylic acid esters. each compound was evaluated as an inhibitor of the dihydrofolate reductases from rat liver as well as from streptococcus faecium. several of the more potent inhibitors were found to be inactive against l1210 leukemia in mice at low dose levels and were lethal to mice at 100 mg/kg. six compounds were also evaluated for antimalarial activity against plas ...	1975	811798
the search for new antimalarial drugs.		1975	813015
[increased non-specific resistance to induction of malaria by sporozoites of plasmodium berghei yoëlii in mice pretreated with a bacterial phospholipid extract].	the injection of a bacterial phosphospholipid extract increases resistance of mice subsequently challenged with sporozoïtes of plasmodium berghei yoëlii. the pretreatment consisted of one injection of a suspension containing various amounts of phospholipid extract. it was e-fective when it shortly preceded the sporozoïtes inoculation. this resulted in total protection of a great number of animals against various amounts of sporozoïtes. there was a correlation between the dose of ebp injected and ...	1975	819147
5-aryloxy-6-methoxy-8-aminoquinolines as potential prophylactic antimalarials.	5-(p-anisyloxy)-6-methoxy-8-(5-isopropylaminopentylamino)quinoline was resynthesized for evaluation in the plasmodium berghei and monkey prophylactic (plasmodium cynomolgi) tests. a new primary amine, three secondary amines, and one structurally modified side-chain analog of the 5-aryloxy series were also prepared. none of these compounds showed significant antimalarial or prophylactic activity.	1976	824437
reduced 8-aminoquinoline analogues as potential antimalarial agents.	the synthesis of 1-alkyl-8-(aminoalkylamino)-6-methyl1-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines, 8-(4'-amino-1'-methylbutylamino)-6-methoxy-1-methyl1-1,2-dihydroquinoline, 5-substituted 8-(4'-amino-1'-methylbutylamino)-1-methyl-1,2-dihydroquinolines, 8-alkylamino-1-(2-n,n-diethylaminoethyl)-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines, 1-)2-n,n-diethylaminoethyl)-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, 1-(2-n,n-diethylaminoethyl)-8-(2-n,n-diethylaminoethylamino)-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, and 2-substit ...	1976	824447
antibody-induced ultrastructural changes of malarial sporozoites.	immunization with irradiated sporozoites produces a considerable degree protection against rodent, simian, and human malaria. this protection is in part antibody mediated. antibodies neutralize sporozoites (sna), i.e. abolish their infectivity, and cause, in vitro, the formation of a thread-like precipitate on the parasites (csp reaction). the present study was undertaken to characterize the ultrastructural aspects of antibody-sporozoite interaction.	1976	815435
complement alterations in rodent malaria.	in the course of rodent malaria, the ability of mouse serum to release immune complexes from lymphocytes (complex-release, or cra), a complement dependent function, becomes profoundly altered. these alterations occur in parallel with changes in the serum levels of the third complement component (c3). a transitory but significant increase in cra and c3 was noticed during the first 3 days after blood-induced plasmodium berghei infection. this was followed by a progressive decrease in cra, which wa ...	1976	816212
effect of vitamin a and undernutrition on the susceptibility of rodents to a malarial parasite plasmodium berghei.	the ability of vitamin a deficient rats to resist infection with p. berghei was investigated. when 10 x 10(6) erythrocytes bearing the parasite/100 g body weight were given to the vitamin a protein energy undernourished rats, parasitemia developed in these animals at a faster pace than the controls. a high number (60% to 95%) of red blood cells (rbc) carrying the parasite were noticeable within 6 to 7 days after infection, at which time most animals in this group died. the pair-fed controls (pro ...	1976	818347
difference in antimalarial activity between certain amino alcohol diastereomers.	a striking difference in antimalarial activity between the diastereomers of 6-bromo-alpha-[2-(1-methylpiperidyl)]-9-phenanthrenemethanol, alpha-(3-peperidyl)-3,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-9-phenanthrenemethanol, and alpha-(3-piperidyl)-2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-quinolinemethanol was observed. a possible explanation involving the n-o distance and active site binding requirements is suggested.	1976	1107548
the chemotherapy of rodent malaria, xxiv. the blood schizontocidal action of erythromycin upon plasmodium berghei.	erythromycin inhibits chloroquine-induced pigment clumping in plasmodium berghei in vitro. the drug was therefore tested against infections of p. berghei in mice and was found to be active at non-toxic doses. given orally, the stearate salt was more effective than the base, but subcutaneously the base was more effective than the stearate. erythromycin potentiated the action of chloroquine against two chloroquine-resistant strains of rodent malaria, the mildly resistant ns, and the highly resista ...	1976	788656
the chemotherapy of rodent malaria, xxv. antimalarial activity of wr 122,455 (a 9-phenanthrenemethanol) in vivo and in vitro.	wr 122,455, 3,6-bis-(trifluoromethyl)-alpha-(2-piperidinyl)-9-phenanthrenemethanol hcl, suppresses infection with drug-sensitive plasmodium berghei n strain in mice. it acts rapidly and affects all the stages of the asexual intraerythrocytic parasites, the effective dose levels being about three times those of chloroquine and one-twelfth to one-fifteenth those of quinine. under the influence of wr 122,455 haemozoin seems to disappear from the affected parasites following an initial coarsening of ...	1976	788657
the chemotherapy of rodent malaria, xxvi. the potential value of wr 122,455 (a 9-phenanthrenemethanol) against drug-resistant malaria parasites.	the phenanthrenemethanol compound wr 122,455 is an effective blood schizontocide against lines of plasmodium berghei that are highly resistant to primaquine, sulphonamides, pyrimethamine and cycloguanil. it is also active against the ns line that is moderately resistant to chloroquine. wr 122,455 is inactive against the rc line which is highly resistant to chloroquine. resistance to wr 122,455 is fairly readily developed by the drug-sensitive n strain of p. berghei, using a relapse technique. r ...	1976	788658
studies on azadiracta indica in malaria [proceedings].		1976	788819
plasmodium berghei: osmotic fragility of malaria parasites and mouse host erythrocytes.		1976	789104
cultivation of the erythrocytic stages of plasmodium berghei in primary bone marrow cells.	cultures of primary bone marrow cells, obtained from the tibiae and femora of hamsters (hbm), mice (mbm), or rats (rbm) were inoculated with red cells infected with plasmodium berghei, p. vinckei vinckei, or p. knowlesi. merozoites, rings, trophozoites, schizonts and a few gametocytes were seen in hbm and mbm cells inoculated with p. berghe-infected red cells. at 1 to 2 or 3 days after inoculation in hbm and mbm, the number of intracellular asexual stages decreased slightly or remained the same, ...	1976	789846
schizont-infected cell enrichment in rodent malaria.	mouse erythrocytes parasitized with plasmodium berghei or plasmodium yoelii were separated by ultracentrifugation using preformed isodensity gradients of the discontinuous type. three fractions were obtained following centrifugation, the upper of which contained greater than 90% of all schizont-infected cells added to the gradient. the gradient material, stractan ii, is an arabinogalactan polysaccharide and appears to yield results similar to those available using gradients of bovine serum album ...	1976	789847
stimulation of resistance in mice to sporozoite-induced plasmodium berghei malaria by injections of avian exoerythrocytic forms.	mice received a series of injections of formalin-killed merozoites (fkm) of exoerythrocytic stages of plasmodium fallax prior to challenge with sporozoites of p. berghei. in one study 4 of 16 fkm-immunized mice never exhibited parasitized erythrocytes after 2 challenges of 10(4) p. berghei sporozoites each, while all control animals died with high parasitemias. fkm-immunized mice were as susceptible as control mice to infections initiated with parasitized erythrocytes. in a second study, 14 of 1 ...	1976	789848
synthesis and properties of mesoionic pyrimido[1,2-b-a1pyridazine-2,4-diones and mesoionic pyridazino[2,3-a-a1-s-trizine-2,4-diones: mesoionic analogs structurally related to fervenulin.	derivatives of two new and unusual classes of heterocycles, possessing structural similarities to the broad spectrum antibiotic fervenulin, were synthesized and examined for in vitro antimicrobial activity. only three of 17 mesoionic pyrimido[1,2-b]pyridazine-2,4-diones exhibited evidence of antimicrobial activity while seven of eight mesoionic pyridazino[2,3-a]-s-triazine-2,4-diones were active against one or more microorganisms. susceptibility toward attack by nucleophiles of both mesoionic py ...	1976	789854
interaction between trypanosoma brucei and plasmodium berghei in concurrent infections in mice.	in conccurrent infection of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and plasmodium berghei yoelii in mice, potentiation of one parasite by the other was observed, especially the malaria by the trypanosome infection. the effect appeared early in the infection. it is suggested that the mutual potentiation of the two infections was probably due to immuno-suppression which both organisms are capable of inducing in the host.	1976	789909
[transfusional serology of malaria by an indirect immunofluorescence test using the plasmodium berghei antigen].		1976	790519
physiological and morphological characters in two pyrimethamine-resistant lines of plasmodium berghei sp11 after cryopreservation.	the authors describe the characters in two pyrimethamine-resistant lines of plasmodium berghei berghei sp 11-rr after long storage at very low temperatures. in one case the line had maintained its original virulence but lost its resistance to pyrimethamine. gametocytogenesis increased and cyclical transmission was successful. furthermore, parasites crossed the blood-brain barrier and provoked cerebral malaria. in the other case no physiological changes could be detected. the authors conclude tha ...	1976	790672
interaction between protective antibodies and malaria parasites (plasmodium berghei): involvement of low avidity antibodies.	free plasmodium parasites were incubated with a standardized amount of immune serum in a small volume of fluid or a larger one. when these parasites were tested for infectivity in and in vivo test system the parasites incubated in the larger volume of fluid were more infective. other aliquots of free p. berghei parasites were incubated with a standaridzed amount of immune serum and then reincubated with or without dilution of the suspending fluid. those parasites reincubated after dilution were ...	1976	790706
cyclophosphamide pretreatment and protection against malaria.	mice pretreated with cyclophosphamide were able to overcome infection from a lethal malarial strain. the development of resistance was preceded by increased hypersensitivity to malarial antigens. hypersensitivity was demonstrable by a delayed footpad swelling technique.	1976	791863
t cells and protective immunity to plasmodium berghei in rats.	experiments were carried out in which unfractionated spleen cells, and t lymphocyte subpopulations characterized by certain experimental criteria, were isolated at various times from rats infected with plasmodium berghei. by adoptive transfer it was shown that unfractionated spleen cells, and t cells alone, could transfer protection to syngenic recipients as early as 11 days after infection of the cell donors. the protection conferred by t cells increased with the duration of the infection in th ...	1976	791865
cultivation of the erythrocytic stages of plasmodium berghei in leydig cell tumor cultures.	twelve different established cell-lines were used in attempts to cultivate the erythrocytic stages of plasmodium berghei, p. vinckei vinckei, p. coatneyi or p. knowlesi. intracellular parasites were seen in only mouse leydig cell testicular tumor (lct) cultures inoculated with red cells infected with p. berghei. intracellular parasites were present at 15 to 96 h after inoculation, being most numerous at 36 h. most intracellular stages were rings, trophozoites, schizonts and merozoites; gametocyt ...	1976	793226
[comparative morphology by optical and scanning electron microscopy of erythrocytes from mice infected with plasmodium berghei].		1976	793494
a comparison of two different methods for the selection of primaquine resistance in plasmodium berghei berghei.		1976	793547
plasmodium berghei: deep vascular sequestration of young forms in the heart and kidney of the white rat.		1976	793548
malarial immunodepression in vitro: adherent spleen cells are functionally defective as accessory cells in the response to horse erythrocytes.	the basis for the depressed response of malarial infected mice to horse red blood cells (hrbc) has been studied in vitro. results presented show that the adherent spleen cells from infected mice (a) are defective in their ability to allow nonadherent spleen cells of both normal and infected mice to respond to hrbc whereas a response does occur with adherent spleen cells from normal mice (b) do not suppress the response of unfractionated spleen cells from normal mice to hrbc (c) contain phagocyti ...	1976	793851
surface properties of extracellular malaria parasites: electrophoretic and lectin-binding characteristics.	the surface charge and lectin-binding capacity of isolated malaria parasites and host erythrocytes were analyzed and compared by chromatographic, electrophoretic, and cytochemical methods. results indicated that at physiological ph values both freshly prepared and glutaraldehyde-fixed parasites and erythrocytes possess a net negative surface charge. both cell types were strongly bound to cation-exchange resins and underwent cathode-directed electrophoretic migration. the isoelectric points for e ...	1976	793992
studies on plasmodium ookinetes. 1. isolation and concentration from mosquito midguts.	in a method for isolating a relatively clean suspension of concentrated plasmodium berghei ookinetes from infected midguts of anopheles stephensi at appropriate times after the infective blood meal, the ookinetes are freed from the midguts by enzymatic digestion, and then concentrated by means of a bsa/renografin gradient. the mean number of ookinetes recovered/midgut was 152. more than 95% of the recovered ookinetes were viable by the criteria of motility, incorporation of adenosine and leucine ...	1976	794460
[chemotherapeutically active nitro compounds. 2nd communication: nitrodiphenyl sulfones (author's transl)].	a number of new 4-nitro-4'-amino-diphenyl sulfones and related compounds were prepared and investigated as to their therapeutic activity. they showed a good systemic activity against tubercle bacilli (m. bovis, nmri mouse) and plasmodia (p. berghei, nmri mouse). the test results reveal that the 4-nitro-4'-amino-diphenyl sulfones possess a spectrum of activity similar to that of diamino-diphenyl sulfone (dds). it is assumed that 4-nitro-4'-amino-diphenyl sulfones in vivo are converted into dds de ...	1976	795435
mouse malaria nephropathy.	mice were infected with 1x 107 plasmodium berghei yoelii parasites intraperitoneally. circulating parasite, malaria antibody and c3 concentrations were measures: parasitaemia and hypocomplementaemia were transient, but the antibody response was persistent. animals were sacrificed at intervals and their kidneys examined: a glomerulonephritis associates with predominantly mesangial deposits of c3, igg1, igm and some iga always developed after 7 days and persisted for up to 6 mth. malaria antigen a ...	1976	796419
suppression of malaria infection by oxidant-sensitive host erythrocytes.		1976	796730
[absence of transplacental passage in congenital trypanosomiasis in mice with trypanosoma equiperdum. comparison with results obtained in congenital malaria (p.b. berghei) in the same animal].		1976	797328
abnormal red cells in the peripheral blood of malarian mouse.		1976	798563
preliminary studies of artificial immunization of rats against plasmodium berghei and adoptive transfer of this immunity by splenic t and t + b cells.	protective t lymphocyte and t+b lymphocyte responses in rats artificially immunized against p. berghei have been demonstrated by adoptive transfer. the techniques used could be developed for detailed analysis of protective lymphocyte responses generated by various methods of immunization, and their relationship to immunity.	1976	798635
vaccine against malaria in rodents--a preliminary communication.		1976	798726
[synthesis of quinoline-3- and quinoxaline-2- derivatives and their actions against various malarial parasites].		1976	799316
the effects of azadiracta indica in acute plasmodium berghei malaria [proceedings].		1976	799404
[antimicrobial action of the combination sulfamoxole/trimethoprim in vivo (author's transl)].	the experimental infections of the mouse by gram-positive and gram-negative germs are effectively treated with the combination of n1-(4,5-dimethyl-2-oxazolyl)-sulfanilamide (sulfamoxole) and 2,4-diamino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzyl)-pyrimidine (trimethoprim) (cn 3123, nevin, supristol). the potentiating effect of both substances is demonstrated by the calculated index of the synergistic effect. the therapeutic efficacy of the combination sulfamoxole/trimethoprim is proved by two models of experime ...	1976	782473
protective activity in sera from mice immunized against plasmodium berghei.		1976	784936
specific lymphocyte transformation in murine malaria.	lymphoblast transformation tests were performed on convalescent rats and mice, after infection with plasmodium berghei had been reduced to latency. spleen cells from immune animals reacted in vitro to specific plasmodial antigen and not to control antigen produced from non infected rbc. the response in vitro was dependent on the concentration of the antigen and the time of exposure to it. a correlation was observed between the parasitaemia of the convalescent animal during its acute infection an ...	1976	785850
plasmodium berghei: use of free blood stage parasites to demonstrate protective humoral activity in the serum of recovered rats.		1976	786704