Publications

control of tissue culture response in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	the ability of immature embryos of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to respond to tissue culture has been shown to involve the group 2 chromosomes. the available group 2 ditelosomic and nullisomic-tetrasomic lines of 'chinese spring' wheat were used to determine the chromosome arm location and chromosome dosage effect associated with the expression of tissue culture response (tcr). significant differences were found between the aneuploid lines and the euploid control for the expression of both regen ...	1989	24226006
control of water and nutrients using a porous tube: a method for growing plants in space.	a plant nutrient delivery system that uses a microporous, hydrophilic tube was developed with potential application for crop production in the microgravity of space. the tube contains a nutrient solution and delivers it to the roots. pumps attached to the tubing create a very small suction that holds the solution within the tube. this system was used to grow wheat (triticum aestivum cv. yecora rojo) for 107 days in a controlled environment at suctions of 0.40, 1.48, or 2.58 kpa. the water absorb ...	1989	11540906
extent of genetic variability of endosperm esterases in triticum aestivum l. 2n=6x=42.	genetic variability of endosperm esterase has been studied in 42 cultivars of triticum aestivum l. 2n=6x=42. different techniques, including sequential electrophoresis and electrofocusing, have been used with various substrates and esterase inhibitors. the electrophoretic patterns in each cultivar are described. chromosomal location using the nullitetrasomic and ditelosomic lines of chinese spring was carried out in order to relate and/or locate the esterase genes to specific chromosomes. most o ...	1989	24225835
monosomic analysis of tissue culture response in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	the ability of immature embryos of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to respond in cell culture was examined in crosses between the 'wichita' monosomic series and a highly regenerable line, 'nd7532'. segregation in disomic controls and 13 monosomic families showed a good fit to a monogenic ratio indicating a qualitative mode of inheritance. segregation in the cross involving monosomic 2d showed a high frequency of regeneration (93.6%) and high callus growth rate (1.87 g/90 days) indicating that 2d is ...	1989	24225821
action spectrum for the effect of day-extensions on flowering and apex elongation in green, light-grown wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	fluence-rate response curves for wavelengths from 640 nm to 730 nm were constructed for the day-extension promotion of flowering in green, light-grown, wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. alexandria), a long-day plant. the resultant action spectrum had action maxima at 660 nm and 716 nm and resembles spectra for the high-irradiance reaction (hir) seen in etiolated plants. because, the hir is thought to be controlled by type i pytochrome (that which is most abundant in etiolated tissue) our results ...	1989	24201765
mechanisms of aluminum tolerance in wheat : an investigation of genotypic differences in rhizosphere ph, k, and h transport, and root-cell membrane potentials.	control of rhizosphere ph and exclusion of al by the plasma membrane have been hypothesized as possible mechanisms for al tolerance. to test primarily the rhizosphere ph hypothesis, wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l. ;atlas 66' and ;scout'), which differ in al tolerance, were grown in either complete nutrient solution, or 0.6 millimolar caso(4), with and without al at ph 4.50. a microelectrode system was used to simultaneously measure rhizosphere ph, k(+), and h(+) fluxes, and membrane potent ...	1989	16667131
kinetics of aluminum uptake by excised roots of aluminum-tolerant and aluminum-sensitive cultivars of triticum aestivum l.	uptake of aluminum (al) by excised roots of two al-tolerant cultivars and two al-sensitive cultivars of triticum aestivum l. (wheat) was biphasic, with a rapid phase of uptake in the first 30 minutes followed by a linear phase of uptake up to 180 minutes. at the end of the uptake period, higher concentrations of al were found in roots of the al-sensitive cultivars (neepawa and scout-66) than in the al-tolerant cultivars (atlas-66 and pt-741), but differences were small. experiments testing the e ...	1989	16667117
evidence that the adverse effect of urea fertilizer on seed germination in soil is due to ammonia formed through hydrolysis of urea by soil urease.	studies using seeds of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), rye (secale cereale l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.), and corn (zea mays l.) indicated that the adverse effect of urea fertilizer on seed germination in soil is due to ammonia formed through hydrolysis of urea by soil urease and is not due to urea itself, to urea fertilizer impurities such as biuret, or to nitrite formed by nitrification of urea nitrogen. support for this conclusion was obtained from (i) comparison of the effects on seed germi ...	1989	16594076
conformational differences between two wheat (triticum aestivum) 'high-molecular-weight' glutenin subunits are due to a short region containing six amino acid differences.	'high-molecular-weight' (hmw, high-mr) glutenin subunits are protein constituents of wheat (triticum aestivum) seeds and are responsible in part for the viscoelasticity of the dough used to make bread. two subunits, numbered 10 and 12, are the products of allelic genes. their amino acid sequences have been derived from the nucleic acid sequences of the respective genes. subunit 10 has fewer amino acids than subunit 12, but migrates more slowly on sds/page (polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis). th ...	1989	2597130
effects of auxin and cytokinin on induction of sister chromatid exchanges in cultured cells of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	in order to know the mutagenic effects of synthetic auxins (naa, 2,4-d, and 2,4,5-t) and a cytokinin (kinetin) in vitro, sister chromatid exchanges (sces) were analyzed in cultured cells of a hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). in the ms medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 2,4-d, the mean number of sces per cell was 15.2, and per pg of dna, 0.42. no significant effect was found in the treatments of naa or 2,4-d at concentrations of 0.5-10.0 mg/l, whereas more than 2.0 mg/l of 2,4,5-t induced d ...	1989	24225679
production and cytogenetics of hybrids of triticum aestivum x leymus innovatus.	hybrid plants were obtained between triticum aestivum (2n=6x=42, aabbdd) and leymus innovatus (2n=4x=28, jjnn) at a frequency varying from 0.4% to 1.2% of the pollinated florets. improvement of the embryo culture medium resulted in a higher frequency of embryo rescue. eight of ten hybrids had the expected chromosome number of 35 (abdjn). meiotic analysis indicated that there was no homology between the genomes of the two species. two hybrids had only 28 chromosomes. comparison of chromosome pair ...	1989	24227254
genetic and environmental considerations for evaluating crown position of wheat.	crown position affects winter survival of fallsown wheat (triticum aestivum l.) direct or indirect selection for crown depth has been little practiced. reports have suggested that short subcrown internode length was closely related to semidwarf plant height and that semidwarfism was related to poor emergence. this study determined the relationships among crown depth, plant height, and emergence rate index in three wheat populations. the efficiency of evaluating crown placement in the field was e ...	1989	24227242
calcium-dependent induction of novel proteins by abscisic acid in wheat aleurone tissue of different developmental stages.	aleurone tissue of mature wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. sappo) grains make novel polypeptides in response to abscisic acid (aba), but only in the presence of ca(2+). effects of aba plus ca(2+) include up- and down-modulation of other polypeptides. the aba-induced polypeptides appear not to be the 21-kilodalton (kda) amylase inhibitor which has been reported to be aba-inducible in barley.aleurone tissue from developing grains of different ages failed to respond to aba plus ca(2+) in any way. en ...	1989	24201514
properties of pyrophosphate:fructose-6-phosphate phosphotransferase from endosperm of developing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grains.	pyrophosphate:fructose-6-phosphate phosphotransferase (pfp, ec 2.7.1.90) from endosperm of developing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grains was purified to apparent homogeneity with about 52% recovery using ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose and gel filtration through sepharose-cl-6b. the purified enzyme, having a molecular weight of about 170,000, was a dimer with subunit molecular weights of 90,000 and 80,000, respectively. the enzyme exhibited maximum ...	1989	16667036
analysis of aluminum and divalent cation binding to wheat root plasma membrane proteins using terbium phosphorescence.	a phosphorescent trivalent cation, terbium [tb(iii)], has been used to study the binding of different polyvalent cations to the proteins of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) root plasma membranes. the phosphorescence emission intensity of tb(iii) was enhanced after tb(iii) binding to wheat root plasma membranes as a result of nonradiative resonance energy transfer from the membrane protein tyrosine and phenylalanine residues. complex, saturable tb(iii) binding was observed, suggesting multiple bindin ...	1989	16667003
rate of accumulation of fructan oligomers in wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.) during the early stages of chilling treatment.	the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates was studied during chilling of 2-week-old wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings. the extracts were analysed using a c18 hplc method separating hexoses, sucrose and a wide range of oligofructan. isomers were recognized and their content determined. the amounts of hexoses, sucrose and the trisaccharides 1-kestose and 6-kestose increased at the beginning of the treatment. the accumulation rate of 1-kestose, the trisaccharide generally considered to be the ...	1989	29265429
cytokinin oxidase from wheat: partial purification and general properties.	as part of the study of the possible role(s) of cbf-1, a cytokinin-binding protein abundant in wheat embryo, a cytokinin oxidase was found in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germ and partially purified by conventional purification techniques and high performance chromatofocusing. this preparation catalyzes conversion of n(6)-(delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine to adenosine at a v(max) of 0.4 nanomol per milligram protein per minute at 30 degrees c and ph 7.5, the k(m) being 0.3 micromolar. this high af ...	1989	16666895
recombination of r-d chromosome in pollen plants cultured from hybrid of 6x triticale x common wheat.	ninety-three pollen plants derived from the hybrid f1 of 6x triticale x common wheat were observed cytologically. the rye chromosomes presented in these plants were identified by giemsa-banding. pollen plants having chromosome constitution 2n = 24 in haploids and 2n=46 in diploids were found to be predominant. the chromosome distributions of the r and d genome are different. r chromosomes distributed randomly and tended to full combination in offspring, but d chromosomes distributed non-randomly ...	1989	24232910
analysis of phylogenetic relations of durum, carthlicum and common wheats by means of comparison of alleles of gliadin-coding loci.	polymorphism and inheritance of wheat storage protein, gliadin, of durum (macaroni) and carthlicum wheats have been studied. analysis of gliadin in 78 cultivars and in f2 seeds of intercultivar crosses of durum wheat revealed three different chromosome 1a-encoded blocks of components similar to those found in common wheat (gld1a2, gld1a18, gld1a19). most of the durum cultivars studied had these three blocks; gld1a2 was also frequent in common wheat. in contrast, all chromosome 1b-encoded blocks ...	1989	24232907
activation of higher plant phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylases by glucose-6-phosphate.	studies of the response of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from c(3) (wheat [triticum aestivum l.]), c(4) (maize [zea mays l.]), and crassulacean acid metabolism (cam) (crassula) leaves to the activator glucose-6-phosphate as a function of ph showed that the binding of the activator and the response path to activation were essentially identical for all three enzymes. the level of affinity for the activator differed, with the cam enzyme having the highest affinity and the maize enzyme the lowest. ...	1989	16666822
seed dormancy and responses of caryopses, embryos, and calli to abscisic acid in wheat.	preharvest sprouting of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is associated with inadequate seed dormancy. although abscisic acid (aba) has often been suggested to play a central role in developing seed, its involvement in dormancy of mature seed lacks firm experimental evidence and endogenous aba levels are not well correlated with germinability. we examined genotypic and temporal variation in wheat seed and embryo germination responses to aba and determined whether differential sensitivity of embryos t ...	1989	16666821
heat shock response of germinating embryos of wheat : effects of imbibition time and seed vigor.	seeds frequently face a hostile environment during early germination. in order to determine whether seeds have evolved unique mechanisms to deal with such environments, a survey of the heat shock response in isolated embryos of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was undertaken. embryos simultaneously heat shocked and labeled following several different periods of prior imbibition up to 12 hours synthesized many groups of heat shock proteins (hsps) typical of other plant and animal systems. also, five ...	1989	16666814
photorespiratory rates in wheat and maize as determined by o-labeling.	a method was devised to quantify short-term photorespiratory rates in terrestrial plants using (18)o-intermediates of the glycolate pathway, specifically glycolate, glycine, and serine. the pathway intermediates were isolated and analyzed on a gc/ms to determine molecular percent (18)o-enrichment. rates of glycolate synthesis were determined from (18)o-labeling kinetics of the intermediates, derived rate equations, and nonlinear regression techniques. glycolate synthesis in wheat (triticum aesti ...	1989	16666799
molecular analysis of an alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) gene from chromosome 1 of wheat.	we have cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) from triticum aestivum cv. millewa. southern analysis using cv. chinese spring nullisomic-tetrasomic and ditelosomic lines established that the cloned gene mapped to the long arm of chromosome 1a and does not correspond to any previously identified wheat adh locus. southern analysis also provided evidence for triplicate copies of this adh gene on the homoeologous group 1 chromosomes, while northe ...	1989	2545522
efficient production of haploid wheat (triticum aestivum) through crosses between japanese wheat and maize (zea mays).	four japanese wheat varieties, three crossable and one non-crossable with hordeum bulbosum, were pollinated with maize pollen of 5 genotypes. by the application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid after pollination, embryos kept developing on wheat plants until 14 days after pollination. the frequency of embryo formation was significantly different among the maize genotypes, varying from 18.0% to 31.9%, but not among the wheat varieties. by bagging spikes with flag leaves the frequency of embryo f ...	1989	24233221
the characterization and comparative analysis of high-molecular-weight glutenin genes from genomes a and b of a hexaploid bread wheat.	two high-molecular-weight subunit (hmws) glutenin genes from the a and b genomes of the hexaploid bread wheat triticum aestivum l. cv cheyenne have been isolated and sequenced. both of these genes are of the high mr class (x-type) of hmw glutenins, and have not been previously reported. the entire set of six hmw genes from cultivar cheyenne have now been isolated and characterized. an analysis of the ax and bx sequences shows that the ax sequence is similar to the homoeologous gene from the d ge ...	1989	24232803
comparative performance of bread wheat and hexaploid triticale cytoplasms.	thirteen wheat-like advanced-generation triticale x wheat derivatives, having tetraploid wheat cytoplasm from triticale, were reciprocally crossed with three improved bread wheats, and the resulting f1s were evaluated for determining the comparative performance of the bread wheat and triticale cytoplasms for different traits. significant reciprocal differences in the mean performance were observed for days to heading, days to maturity, spikes/plant, flag-leaf area, peduncle length, plant height, ...	1989	24232802
sulphate influx in wheat and barley roots becomes more sensitive to specific protein-binding reagents when plants are sulphate-deficient.	when young wheat (triticum aestivum l.) or barley (hordeum vulgare l.) plants were deprived of an external sulphate supply (-s plants), the capacity of their roots to absorb sulphate, but not phosphate or potassium, increased rapidly (derepression) so that after 3-5 d it was more than tenfold that of sulphate-sufficient plants (+s plants). this increased capacity was lost rapidly (repression) over a 24-h period when the sulphate supply was restored. there was little effect on the uptake of l-met ...	1989	24212755
heat shock protein synthesis and thermal tolerance in wheat.	plants respond to high temperature stress by the synthesis of an assortment of heat shock proteins that have been correlated with an acquired thermal tolerance to otherwise lethal temperatures. this study was conducted to determine whether genotypic differences in acquired thermal tolerance were associated with changes in the pattern of heat shock protein synthesis. the pattern of heat shock protein synthesis was analyzed by (35)s-methionine incorporation in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varietie ...	1989	16666724
wheat tetrameric inhibitors of insect alpha-amylases: alloploid heterosis at the molecular level.	tetrameric inhibitors of heterologous alpha-amylases have been characterized in allohexaploid wheat, triticum aestivum (genomes aabbdd), as well as in triticum turgidum (aabb) and triticum tauschii (dd). their subunits have been identified as the previously described cm proteins. single oligomeric species were observed in t. turgidum (subunits cm2, cm3a, and cm16) and in t. tauschii (cm1, cm3d, and cm17) by a two-dimensional electrophoretic method that does not dissociate the inhibitors in the f ...	1989	16594035
single-strand-preferring nuclease activity in wheat leaves is increased in senescence and is negatively photoregulated.	single-strand-preferring nucleases (ec 3.1.30.1) selectively cleave internucleotide bonds in single-stranded regions of predominantly duplex dna and dna.rna hybrids and extensively degrade denatured dna and rna. the functions of single-strand-preferring nuclease in plants are unknown. we have monitored this nuclease activity in flag leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. chinese spring) undergoing natural senescence and in primary leaves of wheat seedlings undergoing dark-induced senescence. ...	1989	16594032
a nuclear trna(ugaser) gene from the wheat triticum vulgare var. aria.	the nucleotide sequence of a wheat nuclear trna(ugaser) gene from triticum vulgare var. aria has been determined. it has a typical intragenic promoter with boxa and boxb elements and a putative termination signal 12 nucleotides downstream from the last trna-coding nucleotide. the region upstream from the coding segment contains a g + c-rich sequence with a symmetrical element. the sequence described is the first nuclear trna gene from a monocotyledonous plant.	1989	2744486
arabinoxylans from rye and wheat seed that interact with ice.	arabinoxylans that interfere with growth of ice crystals have been purified from rye (secale cereale l., rosen) and two varieties of wheat (triticum aestivum l., genesee and hillsdale) seed. the most active polysaccharide from each seed type was homogeneous in the sense that all the molecules were in the same size range, they contained the same sugar residues, and they reacted similarly in chemical characterization experiments. structural studies showed that the polysaccharides consist of a xyla ...	1989	2743349
maintenance of photosynthesis at low leaf water potential in wheat : role of potassium status and irrigation history.	the interaction of low water potential effects on photosynthesis, and leaf k(+) levels in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants was studied. plants were grown at three k(+) fertilization levels; 0.2, 2, and 6 millimolar. with well watered plants, 2 millimolar k(+) supported maximal photosynthetic rates; 0.2 millimolar k(+) was inhibitory, and 6 millimolar k(+) was superoptimal (i.e. rates were no greater than at 2 millimolar k(+)). photosynthesis was monitored at high (930 parts per million) and l ...	1989	16666710
chimeric gene expression using maize intron in cultured cells of breadwheat.	high voltage electrical pulses were used to introduce the cat reporter gene into cultured protoplasts of breadwheat,triticum aestivum. four dna constructs harboring the cat gene and the 35s or mannipine synthase promoter were tested for levels of cat activity 40-45 hr after electroporation of protoplasts. one construct, containing a maize intron sequence between 35s and cat sequences, conferred 30 to 185 fold greater cat activity over the other three constructs. data from these experiments sugge ...	1989	24233093
phytotoxicity of water-soluble substances from alfalfa and barley soil extracts on four crop species.	problems associated with continuously planting alfalfa (medicago saliva l.) or seeding to thicken depleted alfalfa stands may be due to autotoxicity, an intraspecific form of allelopathy. a bioassay approach was utilized to characterize the specificity and chemical nature of phytotoxins in extracts of alfalfa soils as compared to fallow soil or soil where a cereal was the previous crop. in germination chamber experiments, water-soluble substances present in methanol extracts of soil cropped to a ...	1989	24271803
production and cytogenetics of triticum aestivum l. hybrids with some rhizomatous agropyron species.	intergeneric hybrids between triticum aestivum l. and conventional rhizomatous agropyron species were produced in variable frequencies. they were recovered in high percentage frequencies for t. aestivum cultivars with a. acutum (14.6%), a. intermedium (48.0%), a. pulcherrimum (53.3%), and a. trichophorum (46.6%). the crossability percentages with the highly crossable cultivar 'chinese spring' for these agropyron species accessions were 33.12%, 65.0%, 53.3%, and 65.4%, respectively. autosyndetic ...	1989	24232523
main stem sink manipulation in wheat : effects on nitrogen allocation to tillers.	the role of main stem (ms) sink size on n use by field-grown soft red winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv hart) was determined. at feeke's growth stage 8 (last leaf just visible), 100 micromoles of 99 atom% (15)n-ammonium was injected into the lower ms. at anthesis, ms sink size was adjusted by removal of 0, 33, 66, and 100% of the ms spikelets; tiller spikes were left intact. the ms and tiller average kernel size was unaffected by ms sink manipulations. the ms kernel n concentration increased ...	1989	16666588
synthesis of freezing tolerance proteins in leaves, crown, and roots during cold acclimation of wheat.	protein synthesis was studied in leaves, crown, and roots during cold hardening of freezing tolerant winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv fredrick and cv norstar) and freezing sensitive spring wheat (t. aestivum l. cv glenlea). the steady state and newly synthesized proteins, labeled with [(35)s]methionine, were resolved by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels. the results showed that cold hardening induced important changes in the soluble protein patterns depending upon the tissue and ...	1989	16666585
thermotolerance is developmentally dependent in germinating wheat seed.	during the initial 9 to 12 hours of imbibition, the imbibing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seed was found to exhibit substantial tolerance to high temperature relative to later times of imbibition. tolerance was assessed by seed viability and seedling growth. this initial high temperature tolerance gradually declines with increasing time of seed imbibition. a range of 2 hour heat pretreatments (38-42 degrees c) prior to imposition of a 2 hour heat shock (51-53 degrees c) during this same 9 to 12 ...	1989	16666584
potential phytotoxicity associated with the use of soil urease inhibitors.	recent work in our laboratory showed that the adverse effect of urea fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth in soil is due to ammonia produced through hydrolysis of urea by soil urease (nh(2)conh(2) + h(2)o --> 2nh(3) + co(2)) and can be eliminated by amending the fertilizer with a small amount of a urease inhibitor such as n-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide or phenylphosphorodiamidate. continuation of this work showed that these inhibitors can induce leaf-tip necrosis in plants. res ...	1989	16594016
nucleotide sequences of the two high-molecular-weight glutenin genes from the d-genome of a hexaploid bread wheat, triticum aestivum l. cv cheyenne.		1989	2563152
identification of a 1b/1r wheat-rye chromosome translocation.	the common wheat selection '79-4045' was identified as a wheat-rye 1b/1r chromosome translocation line, by means of c-banding patterns and test cross with 'chinese spring' double-ditelosomic line. the translocation chromosome consisted of the long arm of wheat chromosome 1b, including its centromere, and the short arm of rye chromosome 1r or tis portion.	1989	24232478
the cumulative effect of allelic variation in lmw and hmw glutenin subunits on dough properties in the progeny of two bread wheats.	the effects of allelic variation at gli-a1, glua3 and glu-a1 loci coding for gliadins, lmw glutenin subunits and hmw glutenin subunits on dough resistance and extensibility was analysed in 56 f2-derived f6 families from a cross between bread wheats mkr(111/8) and 'kite'. extensograph data from two sites giving widely different flour protein levels (approximately 7% and 14%) revealed that the glu-a3m and glu-a1b alleles were associated with larger effects on dough resistance and extensibility tha ...	1989	24232474
chloroplast thylakoid protein phosphatase is a membrane surface-associated activity.	chloroplast thylakoid protein phosphatase activity was measured using (32)p-labeled histone as an exogenous substrate and an assay of the (32)pi released involving formation of a phosphomolybdate complex and organic extraction. the activity was liberated from wheat (triticum aestivum) thylakoids by washing the membranes in nacl-containing solutions followed by centrifugation. the liberated phosphatase activity had a ph optimum of approximately 6.75, was inhibited by addition of 10 millimolar edt ...	1989	16666520
effects of ozone on the yield of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. albis) grown in open-top field chambers.	spring wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. albis) was grown in the field at a site located in central switzerland, and exposed to chronic doses of ozone (o(3)) in open-top chambers to study impacts on yield. the experiment was carried out in 1986, 1987 and 1988. the treatments used included charcoal-filtered air (cf), non-filtered air (nf) and non-filtered air to which constant amounts of o(3) (two levels, o(3)-1 and o(3)-2) were added daily from 09.00 until 17.00 local time. mean solar radiation-w ...	1989	15092381
effect of co2 and o2 on development and fructification of wheat in closed systems.	the cultivation of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was performed in controlled environment chambers with the continuous monitoring of photosynthesis, dark respiration, transpiration and main nutrient uptakes. a protocol in twin chambers was developed to compare the specific effects of low o2 and high co2. each parameter is able to influence photosynthesis but different effects are obtained in the development, fructification and seed production, because of the different effects of each parameter on ...	1989	11537385
effects of planting date, small grain crop destruction, fallow, and soil temperature on the management of meloidogyne incognita.	the effects of planting date, rye (secale cereale cv. wren abruzzi) and wheat (triticura aestivum cv. coker 797), crop destruction, fallow, and soil temperature on managing meloidogyne incognita race 1 were determined in a 2-year study. more m. incognita juveniles (j2) and egg-producing adults were found in roots of rye planted 1 october than in roots of rye planted 1 november and wheat planted 1 november and 1 december. numbers of m. incognita adults with and without egg masses were near or bel ...	1990	19287731
aluminum ions induce oat protoplasts to produce an extracellular (1-->3)beta-d-glucan.	aluminum chloride induced mesophyll protoplasts of oat (avena sativa) to produce an extracellular polysaccharide (eps). eps induced by alcl(3) appeared identical to that produced in response to the phytotoxin victorin (jd walton, ed earle [1985] planta 165: 407-415). al ions at 1 millimolar were toxic to protoplasts, but maximum eps production occurred at a sublethal concentration of 200 micromolar, assayed at ph 6.0. as measured by incorporation of [(14)c]glucose, alcl(3) stimulated eps product ...	1990	16667679
plant competition for light analyzed with a multispecies canopy model : iii. influence of canopy structure in mixtures and monocultures of wheat and wild oat.	a multispecies canopy photosynthesis simulation model was used to examine the importance of canopy structure in influencing light interception and carbon gain in mixed and pure stands of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and wild oat (avena fatua l.), a common weedy competitor of wheat. in the mixtures, the fraction of the simulated canopy photosynthesis contributed by wheat was found to decline during the growing season and this decline was closely related to reductions in the amount of leaf area in ...	1990	28311483
plant competition for light analyzed with a multispecies canopy model : i. model development and influence of enhanced uv-b conditions on photosynthesis in mixed wheat and wild oat canopies.	competition for light among species in a mixed canopy can be assessed quantitatively by a simulation model which evaluates the importance of different morphological and photosynthetic characteristics of each species. a model was developed that simulates how the foliage of all species attenuate radiation in the canopy and how much radiation is received by foliage of each species. the model can account for different kinds of foliage (leaf blades, stems, etc.) for each species. the photosynthesis a ...	1990	28312703
influence of lectins on female sex pheromone reception byheterodera schachtii (nematoda: heteroderidae) males.	a bioassay was developed in which the chemotactic behavior of males of the sugarbeet cyst nematodeheterodera schachtii towards the female sex pheromone can be observed and documented at any time. the standardized test, performed under sterile conditions, gives reproducible results within 1-2 hr. incubation of males with the lectins fromcanavalia ensiformis, triticum vulgare, arachis hypogaea, helix pomatia, andlimax flavus did not affect chemotactic attraction to the sex pheromone. supplementing ...	1990	24264204
variation among species in the temperature dependence of the reappearance of variable fluorescence following illumination.	the relationship between the thermal dependence of the reappearance of chlorophyll variable fluorescence following illumination and temperature dependence of the apparent michaelis constant (k(m)) of nadh hydroxypyruvate reductase for nadh was investigated in cool and warm season plant species. brancker sf-20 and sf-30 fluorometers were used to evaluate induced fluorescence transients from detached leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv tam-101), cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv paymaster 145) ...	1990	16667518
aspartate aminotransferase in alfalfa root nodules : iii. genotypic and tissue expression of aspartate aminotransferase in alfalfa and other species.	aspartate aminotransferase (aat) plays an important role in nitrogen metabolism in all plants and is particularly important in the assimilation of fixed n derived from the legume-rhizoblum symbiosis. two isozymes of aat (aat-1 and aat-2) occur in alfalfa (medicago sativa l.). antibodies against alfalfa nodule aat-2 do not recognize aat-1, and these antibodies were used to study aat-2 expression in different tissues and genotypes of alfalfa and also in other legume and nonlegume species. rocket i ...	1990	16667896
interaction of elevated ultraviolet-b radiation and co(2) on productivity and photosynthetic characteristics in wheat, rice, and soybean.	wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv bannock), rice (oryza sativa l. cv ir-36), and soybean (glycine max [l.] merr cv essex) were grown in a factorial greenhouse experiment to determine if co(2)-induced increases in photosynthesis, biomass, and yield are modified by increases in ultraviolet (uv)-b radiation corresponding to stratospheric ozone depletion. the experimental conditions simulated were: (a) an increase in co(2) concentration from 350 to 650 microliters per liter; (b) an increase in uv-b rad ...	1990	16667735
a novel metabolic form of the 32 kda-d1 protein in the grana-localized reaction center of photosystem ii.	two forms of the 32 kda-d1 reaction center protein of photosystem ii (psii), having slightly different mobilities on denaturing polyacrylamide gels, have been resolved in spirodela oligorrhiza, glycine max l., gossypium hirsutum l., triticum aestivum l., and zea mays l. the protein band with faster mobility is identified as the 32 kda-d1 protein, and the less mobile band as a novel form, designated 32*. the two forms are structurally similar based on immunological and partial proteolytic tests. ...	1990	2203777
devil's-claw (proboscidea louisianica), essential oil and its components : potential allelochemical agents on cotton and wheat.	the potential allelopathic activity of devil's-claw [proboscidea louisianica (mill.) thellung] essential oil and a few of the compounds it contains on the elongation of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) radicles was studied using a petri dish bioassay. essential oil was collected by steam distillation using an all-glass-teflon assembly. ether extracts of the steam distillates from fresh devil's-claw were inhibitory to cotton and wheat radicle elongation. the followi ...	1990	24263996
reproduction of pratylenchus penetrans on potato and crops grown in rotation with potato.	the relative suitability of potato and crops frequently grown in rotation with potato as hosts for pratylenchus penetrans was evaluated. suitability of rye, wheat, corn, oat, sorgho-sudangrass, and potato were compared in pot studies based on ratios of final population : initial population density and densities of nematodes in roots at harvest. population densities increased more on potato, oat, and corn than on rye, wheat, and sorgho-sudangrass. there were no differences among the four rye cult ...	1990	19287696
wheat germ agglutinin in wheat seedling roots: induction by elicitors and fungi.	treatment of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings with elicitors originating from either plant or fungal cell walls induces about a 2-fold increase of wheat germ agglutinin (wga) in the roots. while the wga content in roots of healthy plants normally decreases as a function of germination time, a transient accumulation of wga could be observed in plants challenged with different fungi, including rhizoctonia solani, fusarium culmorum, pythium ultimum and neurospora crassa. peak levels in challe ...	1990	24226823
molecular cloning of wheat dihydrodipicolinate synthase.	four forms of dihydrodipicolinate synthase (dhdps), which catalyzes the first reaction in the lysine-specific biosynthetic pathway in higher plants, were purified to homogeneity from a suspension culture of wheat (triticum aestivum). these polypeptides have similar n-terminal amino acid sequences. two different cdna clones were isolated by screening a wheat cdna library with oligonucleotide probes based on these amino acid sequences. the predicted amino acid sequences indicate that both clones e ...	1990	2211639
glycoconjugate histochemistry in the glycocalyx of guinea pig middle ear mucosa.	an attempt was made to determine the composition of oligosaccharide side chains in the apical cell surface glycocalices of the middle ear epithelium. this glycoconjugate is located on the innermost luminal surface, but its function is still unknown. the lectins evaluated included triticum vulgare, canavalia ensiformis, maclura pomifera, arachis hypogaea, ricinus communis i (rca-i), and limax flavus. the staining results obtained with the six different lectin probes in the lowicryl k4m-embedded g ...	1990	2393562
a major endothelial plasmalemmal sialoglycoprotein, gp60, is immunologically related to glycophorin.	glycophorins, the major sialoglycoproteins of red blood cells in many species, are generally considered to be specific to erythroid cells. using polyclonal antibodies directed against mouse glycophorin (alpha gp), we have identified a glycoprotein antigenically related to glycophorin on the surface of bovine and rat cultured endothelial cells. immunoblotting with alpha gp identified a single 60-kda polypeptide on transfers of sds/polyacrylamide gels of solubilized confluent endothelial monolayer ...	1990	2395877
changes in glycoconjugates revealed by lectin staining in the developing airways of syrian golden hamsters.	lectin binding was studied in the developing airways of syrian golden hamsters on gestational days 11-16 (day 16 is the day of birth). the trachea and lungs were fixed in 4% formaldehyde-1% glutaraldehyde, 6% mercuric chloride-1% sodium acetate-0.1% glutaraldehyde, and 95% ethanol; embedded in paraffin; and stained with eight lectin-horseradish peroxidase conjugates: triticum vulgare (wga), dolichos biflorus (dba), helix pomatia (hpa), maclura pomifera (mpa), griffonia simplicifolia i-b4 (gsa i- ...	1990	1700650
ozone episodes in southern lower saxony (frg) and their impact on the susceptibility of cereals to fungal pathogens.	spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and spring barley (hordeum vulgare l.) plants were exposed to simulated ozone (o(3)) episodes (7 h day(-1) for 7 days) at maximum concentrations of 120, 180 and 240 microg m(-3) o(3), in comparison to a charcoal-filtered air control. fumigations were conducted in four closed chambers placed in a climate room. exposures took place prior to inoculation of the plants with six different facultative leaf pathogens. on wheat, significant enhancement of leaf attack b ...	1990	15092225
purification by immunoadsorption and immunochemical properties of nadp-dependent malic enzymes from leaves of c(3), c(4), and crassulacean acid metabolism plants.	nadp:malic enzyme from corn (zea mays l.) leaves was purified by conventional techniques to apparent homogeneity as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. antibodies raised against this protein in rabbits were purified, coupled covalently to protein a-sepharose cl-4b, and used as an immunoaffinity resin to purify the nadp:malic enzymes of the c(3) plants spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.), of the crassulacean acid metabolism (cam) plant ...	1990	16667339
specific inhibition of lignification breaks hypersensitive resistance of wheat to stem rust.	when highly resistant wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties are infected by an avirulent race of the stem rust fungus (puccinia graminis pers. f. sp. tritici erics. and e. henn.), penetrated host cells undergo rapid necrotization. this hypersensitive cell death is correlated with cellular lignification which efficiently restricts further fungal growth. three competitive inhibitors of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, the first enzyme of the general phenylpropanoid pathway and, thus, of lignin biosyn ...	1990	16667489
comparison of gibberellins in normal and slender barley seedlings.	gibberellins a(1), a(3), a(8), a(19), a(20), and a(29) were identified by full scan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in leaf sheath segments of 7-day-old barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv golden promise) seedlings grown at 20 degrees c under long days. in a segregating population of barley, cv herta (cb 3014), containing the recessive slender allele, (sln 1) the concentration of ga(1) and ga(3) was reduced by 10-fold and 6-fold, respectively, in rapidly growing homozygous slender, compared with ...	1990	16667686
extracellular beta-1,3-glucanases in stem rust-affected and abiotically stressed wheat leaves : immunocytochemical localization of the enzyme and detection of multiple forms in gels by activity staining with dye-labeled laminarin.	endo-beta-1,3-glucanase activity in intercellular washing fluid (iwf) from leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum) increased 10-fold 4 days after leaves were infected with the wheat stem rust fungus (puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici), while exo-beta-1,3-glucanase activity remained unchanged at a low level. heat and ethylene stress had no effect, whereas mercury treatment resulted in a 2-fold increase in endo-beta-1,3-glucanase activity. with a new method of activity staining using laminarin-remazol b ...	1990	16667843
subcellular localization of the sites of conversion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid into ethylene in plant cells.	the subcellular localization of the sites of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) conversion into ethylene was studied by comparing the specific radioactivity of ethylene evolved from the whole cells with that of intra- and extracellular pools of labelled acc. we demonstrate that some cells cultured in vitro (vitis vinifera l. cv. muscat) or leaf tissues (hordeum vulgare l. and triticum aestivum l.) have two sites of ethylene production: (i) an external site, converting apoplastic acc, lo ...	1990	24201941
milling energy requirement of the aneuploid stocks of common wheat, including alien addition lines.	aneuploid stocks, which included triticum aestivum/alien, disomic, chromosome addition lines, wheat/alien, ditelosomic, chromosome addition lines, and the available aneuploids of "chinese spring" wheat, were used to locate genes that influence milling energy requirement (me). genes that affected me were found on all seven homoeologous chromosome groups. the addition of complete wheat chromosomes 1b, 1d, 2a, 2d, 5b, 6b, 7b and 7d increased me. positive effects were also found in specific chromoso ...	1990	24221113
genetic mapping between gli-b1 locus and a telomeric c-heterochromatin band in wheat.	using c-banding it has been possible to prove that the bread wheat varieties 'holdfast' and 'capelledesprez' shows an intense band of telomeric heterochromatin on the short arm of chromosome 1b, while the variety 'pané-247' presents a very thin band. gliadin study using ph-acid electrophoresis revealed the existence of differences in the gli-b1 locus in the three varieties. analysis of the progeny of the (p x h) x cd hybrid revealed recombination between the heterochromatin c-band and locus gli- ...	1990	24221110
regeneration of freezing-tolerant spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants from cryoselected callus.	a cryoselection protocol has been developed that provides freezing-tolerant callus that, in turn, can regenerate plants with enhanced cold hardiness. tolerant calli were selected from spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) callus by immersion in liquid nitrogen without addition of cryoprotectants. less than 15% of the calli survived the initial challenge, whereas 30 to 40% of previously selected calli survived subsequent exposure. seed progeny from five of 11 regenerant (r2) lines tested exhibited ...	1990	16667913
differences in the susceptibility of plant membrane lipids to peroxidation.	peroxidation of three membrane lipid preparations from plants was initiated using fe-edta and ascorbate and quantified as the production of aldehydes and loss of esterified fatty acids. using liposomes prepared from commercial soybean asolecithin, the degree of peroxidation was shown to be dependent on: the free radical dose, which was varied by the ascorbate concentration; the presence of tocopherol in the liposome; the configuration, of the liposome, multilamellar or unilamellar; and time afte ...	1990	2124926
improved embryoid induction and green shoot regeneration from wheat anthers cultured in medium with maltose.	anthers from spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes, including six f1 hybrids, were cultured in a modified liquid n6 medium containing either sucrose or maltose. in every case, use of maltose resulted in greater microspore callus induction and green shoot regeneration than culture in sucrose-containing medium. induction in maltose medium also allowed green shoots to be recovered from crosses that showed only a poor response in other media and from two genotypes that did not respond to mod ...	1990	24227056
influence of acetylcholine agonists and antagonists on the swelling of etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum l.) mesophyll protoplasts.	etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum l.) mesophyll protoplasts swell within 30 min in darkness after a red light (r) pulse or addition of acetylcholine (ach), if 0.5 mm cacl2 is present in the medium. in addition, ach is also able to induce swelling in the presence of both 0.1 mm kcl or nacl. besides ach, only carbamylcholine out of the choline derivatives tested was active in induction of swelling in the presence of k(+) or na(+). the k(+)/na(+)-dependent ach-induced protoplast swelling was nulli ...	1990	24197365
the composition of the cutin of the caryopses and leaves oftriticum aestivum l.	the outer layers (bran) of white wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. jubilar) caryopses contain several layers of lipophilic materials. it was the objective of the present work to establish the nature, composition and amounts of the lipid polymers of wheat bran and to compare it with leaf cutin. prior to analysis, the bran was isolated and divided into two fractions: (i) the inner bran containing the remnants of the nucellus, the seed coat and the inner layers of the pericarp, and (ii) the outer bra ...	1990	24197199
differing substomatal and chloroplastic co2 concentrations in water-stressed wheat.	gas exchanges of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. courtot) shoots were measured before and during a water stress. while photosynthesis, transpiration and dark respiration decreased because of the stress, photorespiration increased initially, up to a maximum of 50% above its initial value. the co2 concentration in the intercellular space was calculated from gas-diffusion resistances, and remained approximately constant before and during the stress. on the other hand, the co2 concentration in the c ...	1990	24197193
mitochondrial gene expression during wheat leaf development.	the expression of specific mitochondrial, chloroplast and nuclear genes has been investigated in leaves of 7-d-old light-grown wheat (triticum aestivum cv. maris dove). in the wheat leaf there is a spatial separation of a temporal sequence of development from the basal meristem to the distal mature, photosynthetically competent cells. this sequence of cellular differentiation is paralleled by a functional differentiation in which the energy supply changes from oxidative phosphorylation in the no ...	1990	24197191
high performance liquid chromatography resolution of ubiquitin pathway enzymes from wheat germ.	the highly conserved protein ubiquitin is involved in several cellular processes in eukaryotes as a result of its covalent ligation to a variety of target proteins. here, we describe the purification of several enzymatic activities involved in ubiquitin-protein conjugate formation and disassembly from wheat germ (triticum vulgare) by a combination of ubiquitin affinity chromatography and anion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography. using this procedure, ubiquitin activating enzyme (e1) ...	1990	16667769
kinetics of aluminum uptake in triticum aestivum l: identity of the linear phase of aluminum uptake by excised roots of aluminum-tolerant and aluminum-sensitive cultivars.	the identity of a linear phase of aluminum (al) uptake in triticum aestivum was investigated by analysis of the kinetics of al uptake by excised roots and purified cell wall fractions. classical interpretation of kinetic data suggests that a linear phase of uptake with time reflects uptake across the plasma membrane; however, in studies with al the possibility that the linear phase of uptake includes accumulation of al in both the symplasm and the apoplasm has not been discounted. in our experim ...	1990	16667751
measurement of phloem transport rates by an indicator-dilution technique.	an indicator-dilution technique for the measurement of flow rates, commonly used by animal physiologists for circulation measurements, was adapted to the measurement of phloem translocation rates in the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) peduncle. the approach is based on the observation that, during the transport of a given amount of solute, its mean concentration will be inversely proportional to flow rate. for phloem transport in the wheat peduncle, the necessary measurements are (a) the time cours ...	1990	16667733
restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis in wheat. i. genomic dna library construction and rflp analysis in common wheat.	to develop detailed linkage maps of restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) sites in wheat chromosomes, it was necessary to construct a genomic dna library and to characterize the clones obtained. forty-nine per cent of the clones were of single or low copy number per genome. with 91 clones of this class, as probes, and with two to four restriction endonucleases, for dna digestion, rflps were examined among eight common wheats and a single emmer wheat. about 20% of the probes, and 13% of ...	1990	1979008
sucrose metabolism in developing endosperm of immature wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain.	with a view to investigating the role of the enzyme pyrophosphate-fructose-6-phosphate-1-phosphotransferase (pfp) in sucrose breakdown in developing endosperm of wheat grain, the activity of pfp and related enzymes such as phosphofructokinase (pfk), fructose-6-bisphosphatase (fbpase), fructose-6-phosphate-2-kinase (pfk-2) and fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (f2, 6-p2ase) and the contents of the various intermediates of the pathway serving either the substrate or the effectors of these enzymes such a ...	1990	1964151
the molecular basis of genetic diversity among cytoplasms of triticum and aegilops : 7. restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial dnas from polyploid wheats and their ancestral species.	many related species and strains of common wheat were compared by matching differences among their mitochondrial genomes with their "parent" nuclear genomes. we examined three species of aegilops, section sitopsis (ae. bicornis, ae. sharonensis, and ae. speltoides), emmer wheat (triticum dicoccoides, t. dicoccum, and t. durum), common wheat (t. spelta, t. aestivum, and t. compaction), and timopheevi wheat (t. araraticum, t. timopheevi, and t. zhukovskyi). a single source of the cytoplasm was use ...	1990	24220971
growth dynamics of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) exposed to sulfur dioxide pollution.		1990	2257336
somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in triticum aestivum x leymus angustus f1 hybrids and the parental lines.	somatic embryos and plants were produced from cultured inflorescence and leaf segments of triticum aestivum x leymus anaustus f1 hybrids and the parental lines. inflorescences showed a better capacity for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration than leaves. leymus anaustus produced the highest number of embryogenic calli, while the hybrids were intermediate between this species and triticum aestivum. presence of 2,4-d was shown to be essential for induction and maintenance of somatic embryo ...	1990	24226703
plastid microtubule-like structures in wheat are insensitive to microtubule inhibitors.	the effects of microtubule inhibitors on the spectral properties of leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. walde) and on the presence of plastid microtubule-like structures (mtls) during etioplast to chloroplast transformation were examined. amiprophos-methyl (apm, 0.1 mm), fed to leaf sections of 7-day-old dark-grown wheat, reduced the ration of phototransformable to non-phototransformable proto-chlorophyllide (pchlide), decreased the rate of the shibata shift, and inhibited chlorophyll accu ...	1990	21087273
failure to corroborate claims that the developing endosperm of wheat (triticum aestivum) contains significant activities of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.	this work was done to test claims (sangwan and singh, physiol. plant. 73: 21-26) that the developing endosperm of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) contains a cytosolic and a plastidic fructose- 1,6-bisphosphatase (ec 3.1.3.11; fbpase). repetition of the procedure of sangwan and singh with extracts of developing endosperm of triticum aestivum cv. mercia produced two peaks of apparent fbpase activity on elution from deae-cellulose. both peaks showed high activity of pyrophosphate:fructose-6-phos-phate ...	1990	21087272
heat shock proteins and their mrnas in dry and early imbibing embryos of wheat.	two-dimensional gels of in vitro translation products of mrnas isolated from quiescent wheat (triticum aestivum) embryos demonstrate the presence of mrnas encoding heat shock proteins (hsps). there were no detectable differences in the mrnas found in mature embryos from field grown, from 25 degrees c growth chamber cultivated, or from plants given 38 degrees c heat stresses at different stages of seed development. the mrnas encoding several developmentally dependent (dd) hsps were among those fo ...	1990	16667666
assessing the rhizotoxicity of the aluminate ion, al(oh)(4).	dissolved aluminum (iii) in acidic soils or culture media is often rhizotoxic (inhibitory to root elongation). alkaline solutions of al are also sometimes rhizotoxic, and for that reason toxicity has been attributed to the aluminate ion, al(oh)(4) (-). in the present study, seedlings of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv tyler) and red clover (trifolium pratense l. cv kenland) were cultured in aerated aluminate solutions at ph 8.0 to 8.9. the bulk phases of these solutions were free of reactive poly ...	1990	16667665
allelochemicals in soil from no-tillage versus conventional-tillage wheat (triticum aestivum) fields.	putative allelochemicals found in the soil of no-tillage and conventional-tillage wheat plots near stillwater, oklahoma, were obtained by a mild alkaline aqueous extraction procedure, bioassayed to determine their biological activity, purified, and analyzed with a capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-data analysis system. the most significant inhibition was found in bioassays of extracts from soil collected immediately after harvest in june, july, and august. no-tillage soils produced ...	1990	24264093
molecular cloning and chromosomal location of genes encoding the "early-methionine-labelled" (em) polypeptide of triticum aestivum l. var. chinese spring.	the "early-methionine-labelled" (em) polypeptide is the most abundant cytosolic polypeptide found in mature wheat embryos. using a near full-length cdna clone as a hybridisation probe to detect genomic sequences by southern blotting of electrophoretic separations of genomic dna derived from triticum aestivum l. var. chinese spring and a series of its aneuploid derivatives, we demonstrate that the em polypeptide is the product of a small multigene family in which the copies are located on each of ...	1990	24220809
hordeum chilense repetitive sequences. genome characterization using biotinylated probes.	a library of random dna fragment clones of wild barley hordeum chilense was screened for clones of repeated nucleotide sequences. five clones were isolated that gave a stronger hybridization signal in colony and dot blot hybridization with total h. chilense dna in comparison to triticum aestivum dna. clones labelled with biotinylated nucleotides were used as probes to investigate the repeated sequences organization in the h. chilense genome. tandemly arranged and interspersed sequences have been ...	1990	24220806
detection and partial characterization of two antigenically distinct β-amylases in developing kernels of wheat.	a β-amylase (ec 3.2.1.2) was identified in the outer pericarp (βp) of developing seeds of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and compared with the well known β-amylase which is synthesized during seed development in the starchy endosperm (βe). the enzyme βp already exists in the tissues before anthesis and vanishes at the time when βe starts to accumulate. the isoelectric-focusing patterns of βp and βe are very similar. the relative molecular weight (mr) of βp is slightly higher than that of βe (66 an ...	1990	24196930
fructan metabolism in wheat in alternating warm and cold temperatures.	the objective of this research was to develop a system in which the direction of fructan metabolism could be controlled. three-week-old wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l. cv caldwell) grown at 25 degrees c were transferred to cold temperature (10 degrees c) to induce fructan synthesis and then were transferred to continuous darkness at 25 degrees c after defoliation and fructan degradation monitored. the total fructan content increased significantly 1 day after transferring from 25 degrees c ...	1990	16667599
phosphorylation of plant h2a histones.	phosphorylation of wheat (triticum aestivum) and alfalfa (medicago sativa) h2a histone variants was examined during early seedling growth. the c-terminal regions of wheat h2a variants contain multiple s-p tetrapeptides (serine-proline adjacent to a pair of basic amino acids) which resemble known phosphorylation sites in histones from other species. phosphorylation of nucleosomal core histones was assessed by autoradiography of proteins labeled in vivo with (32)pi and resolved by two-dimensional ...	1990	16667585
regulation of α-amylase formation and gene expression in the developing wheat embryo : role of abscisic acid, the osmotic environment and gibberellin.	embryos in developing wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. sappo) grains (15-40 d post anthesis, dpa) contain no detectable α-amylase. when isolated from the grain they produce the enzyme even though they do not germinate. younger (15 dpa) and older (45 dpa) embryos produce only a group of isozymes of low isoelectric point (pi): at intermediate ages low-pi and high-pi groups appear. the low-pi group is formed first, about 6 h after isolation, followed by the high-pi group at 16h. the formation of hi ...	1990	24196805
synthesis of abscisic acid-responsive, heat-stable proteins in embryonic axes of dormant wheat grain.	germination of embryonic axes from dormant grain is inhibited by low concentrations of abscisic acid (aba) compared with axes from nondormant grain. incubation of dormant grain axes in 0.05 to 50 micromolar aba caused the prolonged synthesis of a set of heat-stable proteins. two of these proteins were identified as dehydrins. in nondormant grain axes, 100- to 1000-fold greater aba concentrations were required to produce similar results. when embryonic axes of dormant wheat (triticum aestivum) gr ...	1990	16667520
soluble peroxidase from winter wheat seedlings with phenoloxidase-like activity.	peroxidase isozymes from winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv orso) seedlings extracts showed phenoloxidase-like activity, becoming visible on polyacrylamide gels also in the absence of hydrogen peroxide. the results obtained after a characterization of the two activities, based on their substrate specificity, on their selective inhibition, and on the possible occurrence of artifacts, suggested the existence of polyfunctional peroxidase isozymes. different isozymes possessing only phenol oxidas ...	1990	16667493
preparative isoelectric focusing of reduced wheat gluten proteins.	proteins extracted from gluten of the bread wheat cultivar fiorello 2 in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol were separated by isoelectric focusing in a free solution in a ph 3-10 gradient containing 50% v/v 1-propanol or urea. the collected fractions were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 10% gels (high and medium molecular weight glutenin subunits) and 16% gels (low molecular weight gliadins). the isoelectric focusing pattern of gluten pol ...	1990	2394208