Publications

photoaffinity labeling of arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane vesicles by 5-azido-[7-3h]indole-3-acetic acid: identification of a glutathione s-transferase.	we used 5-azido-[7-3h]indole-3-acetic acid (5-azido-[7-3h]iaa), a photoaffinity analogue of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), to search for auxin-binding proteins in arabidopsis thaliana membranes. we identified an auxin-binding protein with a molecular mass of 24 kda (atpm24) in microsomes as well as in plasma membrane vesicles. atpm24 was solubilized by 1% triton x-100 and partially purified. a cdna clone (atpm24.1) corresponding to atpm24 was isolated. the amino acid sequence pred ...	1994	8290582
identification of plant genetic loci involved in a posttranscriptional mechanism for meiotically reversible transgene silencing.	numerous reports describe phenomena of transgene silencing in plants, yet the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. we observed that regeneration of arabidopsis thaliana plants transgenic for the rolb gene of agrobacterium rhizogenes results in a selection for transgene silencing. transgene silencing could be monitored in this system by reversion of the visible rolb phenotype. we report a phenotypic, molecular, and genetic characterization of a meiotically reversible ...	1994	8202523
molecular analysis of the aspartate kinase-homoserine dehydrogenase gene from arabidopsis thaliana.	the gene encoding arabidopsis thaliana aspartate kinase (atp:l-aspartate 4-phosphotransferase, ec 2.7.2.4) was isolated from genomic dna libraries using the carrot ak-hsdh gene as the hybridizing probe. two genomic libraries from different a. thaliana races were screened independently with the ak probe and the hsdh probe. nucleotide sequences of the a. thaliana overlapping clones were determined and encompassed 2 kb upstream of the coding region and 300 bp downstream. the corresponding cdna was ...	1994	8204822
the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase-encoding gene of arabidopsis thaliana.	the apt gene, coding for adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (aprt), has been isolated from the plant arabidopsis thaliana. data from both southern analysis and characterization of apt clones isolated from a genomic library is consistent with the occurrence of one apt within the a. thaliana genome. comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the apt gene with its corresponding cdna indicates that the gene contains five introns, whereas all other apt isolated to date have fewer introns (four in mammal ...	1994	8206375
isolation and characterization of a saccharomyces cerevisiae peptide transport gene.	we have cloned and characterized a saccharomyces cerevisiae peptide transport gene (ptr2) isolated from a genomic dna library by directly selecting for functional complementation of a peptide transport-deficient mutant. deletion and frameshift mutageneses were used to localize the complementing activity to a 3.1-kbp region on the transforming plasmid. dna sequencing of the complementing region identified an open reading frame spanning 1,803 bp. the deduced amino acid sequence predicts a hydropho ...	1994	8264579
complementation of an arabidopsis thaliana mutant that lacks complex asparagine-linked glycans with the human cdna encoding n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase i.	n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase i (ec 2.4.1.101) initiates the conversion of high-mannose asparagine-linked glycans to complex asparagine-linked glycans in plant as well as in animal cells. this golgi enzyme is missing in the cgl mutant of arabidopsis thaliana, and the mutant cells are unable to synthesize complex glycans. transformation of cells from the mutant plants with the cdna encoding human n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase i restores the wild-type phenotype of the plant cells. fractionatio ...	1994	8127889
analysis of a translational enhancer upstream from the coat protein open reading frame of potato virus s.	evidence has suggested that the subgenomic rna of the carlavirus potato virus s is an efficient message for the coat protein, even though evidence suggests it is uncapped at its 5' terminus. we have investigated the effect of the upstream region of the coat protein gene of potato virus s on the level of reporter gene expression in vitro. the region of 101 nucleotides upstream of the coat protein, designated vte (viral translational enhancer) was found to increase levels of translation in compari ...	1994	8129619
characterization of two cdnas that encode map kinase homologues in arabidopsis thaliana and analysis of the possible role of auxin in activating such kinase activities in cultured cells.	two cdna clones, catmpk1 and catmpk2, encoding map kinases (mitogen-activated protein kinases) have been cloned from arabidopsis thaliana and their nucleotide sequences have been determined. putative proteins encoded by atmpk1 and atmpk2 genes, designated atmpk1 and atmpk2, contain 370 and 376 amino acid residues, respectively, and are 88.7% identical at the amino acid sequence level. atmpk1 and atmpk2 exhibit significant similarity to rat erk2 (49%) and xenopus map kinase (50%). the amino acid ...	1994	8130795
molecular cloning, characterization, and overexpression of erg7, the saccharomyces cerevisiae gene encoding lanosterol synthase.	we report the cloning, characterization, and overexpression of saccharomyces cerevisiae erg7, which encodes lanosterol synthase [(s)-2,3-epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol forming), ec 5.4.99.7], the enzyme responsible for the complex cyclization/rearrangement step in sterol biosynthesis. oligonucleotide primers were designed corresponding to protein sequences conserved between candida albicans erg7 and the related arabidopsis thaliana cycloartenol synthase [(s)-2,3-epoxysqualene mutase ...	1994	8134375
cloning of a 3-methyladenine-dna glycosylase from arabidopsis thaliana.	we have isolated an arabidopsis thaliana cdna that complements the methyl methanesulfonate-sensitive phenotype of an escherichia coli double mutant deficient in 3-methyladenine glycosylases (dna-3-methyladenine glycosidases i and ii, ec 3.2.2.20 and 3.2.2.21, respectively, encoded by tag and alka). expression of the arabidopsis cdna enhances the methyl methanesulfonate resistance of the e. coli double mutant by nearly four orders of magnitude. the cdna corresponds to a single-copy, nuclearly enc ...	1994	8134381
characterization of cis-acting elements in light regulation of the nuclear gene encoding the a subunit of chloroplast isozymes of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from arabidopsis thaliana.	we have characterized cis-acting elements involved in light regulation of the nuclear gene (gapa) encoding the a subunit of chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) in arabidopsis thaliana. our results show that a 1.1-kb promoter fragment of the gapa gene is sufficient to confer light inducibility and organ specificity in transgenic nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) plants, using the beta-glucuronidase gene of escherichia coli as the reporter gene. deletion analysis indicates that ...	1994	8139555
are there two dna methyltransferase gene families in plant cells? a new potential methyltransferase gene isolated from an arabidopsis thaliana genomic library.	using the 1kb 3' terminal dna fragment of the mouse methyltransferase cdna as a probe and low stringent hybridisation conditions, a new potential methyltransferase (mtase) gene family was isolated from an arabidopsis thaliana genomic dna library. one clone (mtase-11), which gave the strongest signal at the northern blot, was entirely sequenced (11483 bp) and further characterised. under consideration of the likely open reading frames and our preliminary cdna experiments we propose that the clone ...	1994	8152926
homologues of wheat ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes--taubc1 and taubc4 are encoded by small multigene families in arabidopsis thaliana.	covalent attachment of ubiquitin to other cellular proteins has been implicated in a multitude of diverse physiological processes in eukaryotes including selective protein degradation. this attachment is carried out by a multi-enzyme pathway consisting of three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes (e1s), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (e2s), and ubiquitin-protein ligases (e3s). e2s accept activated ubiquitin from e1 and conjugate it to target proteins with or without the participation ...	1994	8155884
synechocystis pcc 6803 contains a single gene for the beta subunit of tryptophan synthase with strong homology to the trpb genes of arabidopsis and maize (zea mays l.).	we report the sequence of the trpb gene of the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. pcc 6803. this gene was cloned from a plasmid library by functional complementation of a trpb mutant of escherichia coli k-12. among the known trpb sequences, the synechocystis gene bears the greatest homology to the duplicated trpb genes of arabidopsis thaliana and zea mays. southern and northern blotting analyses suggest that synechocystis contains only a single trpb gene. in contrast to all other prokaryotes, syne ...	1994	8159786
a small gtp-binding protein from arabidopsis thaliana functionally complements the yeast ypt6 null mutant.	a clone designated a.t.rab6 encoding a small gtp-binding protein was isolated from a cdna library of arabidopsis thaliana leaf tissue. the predicted amino acid sequence was highly homologous to the mammalian and yeast counterparts, h.rab6 and ryh1/ypt6, respectively. lesser homology was found between the predicted arabidopsis protein sequence and two small gtp-binding proteins isolated from plant species (44% homology to zea mays ypt1 and 43% homology to nicotiana tabacum rab5). conserved stretc ...	1994	8159788
conservation of the human breast basic conserved 1 gene in the plant kingdom: characterization of a cdna clone from arabidopsis thaliana.	based on low-stringency genomic southern analysis, the recently described human breast basic conserved 1 (bbc1) gene has been proposed to be conserved throughout eukaryota [adams et al., hum. mol. genet. 1 (1992) 91-96]. we have isolated and characterized a cdna clone (atbbc1) which corresponds to a bbc1 homologue from the model plant species, arabidopsis thaliana. furthermore, upon northern analysis, the atbbc1 probe detects related transcripts in various dicotyledenous and monocotyledonous pla ...	1994	8163191
the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene as a conditional negative-selection marker gene in arabidopsis thaliana.	the human herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase type 1 gene (hsvtk) acts as a conditional lethal marker in mammalian cells. the hsvtk-encoded enzyme is able to phosphorylate certain nucleoside analogs (e.g. ganciclovir, an antiherpetic drug), thus converting them to toxic dna replication inhibitors. the utility of hsvtk as a conditional negative-selection marker was explored in arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. hsvtk was introduced into arabidopsis by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. transg ...	1994	8165243
isolation of a cdna encoding chloroplast ferrochelatase from arabidopsis thaliana by functional complementation of a yeast mutant.	ferrochelatase catalyzes the insertion of ferrous iron into protoporphyrin ix to form protoheme. it is located in the mitochondria in all eukaryotes and is also found in plastids in plants. although it has been purified from animals and microorganisms, and genes for it isolated and characterized, very little is known about plant ferrochelatases. we have isolated a cdna for ferrochelatase from the higher plant arabidopsis thaliana by functional complementation of a mutant of saccharomyces cerevis ...	1994	8175771
identification of an arabidopsis thaliana gene encoding a plasma membrane h(+)-atpase whose expression is restricted to anther tissue.	a gene (aha9) for a plasma membrane h(+)-atpase was isolated from an arabidopsis thaliana genomic library and sequenced. comparison of the aha9 predicted amino acid sequence with those of aha1, 2 and 3 and analogous genes from other species indicated the existence of at least two aha gene subfamilies whose divergence precedes that of the nicotiana and arabidopsis species. transcript analysis in various organs revealed expression of aha9 in flower tissues only. introduction of aha9 into nicotiana ...	1994	8180619
transient transformation of arabidopsis leaf protoplasts: a versatile experimental system to study gene expression.	an improved protocol is reported to isolate and transiently transform mesophyll protoplasts of arabidopsis thaliana. transfected leaf protoplasts support high levels of expression of the bacterial reporter gene coding for beta-glucuronidase (gus), under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. transient expression of gus activity was monitored spectrophotometrically and reached a maximum between 18 and 48 h after polyethylene glycol (peg)-mediated dna uptake. histochemica ...	1994	8180625
[the comparative radioresistance of chronically irradiated populations of arabidopsis].	the radioresistance of seeds of populations of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. growing for 5 years in the regions with different levels of radioactive contamination within 30 km zone of chernobyl npp was studied. the analysis of comparative radiosensitivity by root test was performed. it has been shown that plants from arabidopsis population growing under chronic irradiation did not gain an increased radioresistance. the data obtained show that they are more radiosensitive.	1994	8193703
molecular characterization of arabidopsis thaliana cdnas encoding three purine biosynthetic enzymes.	glycinamide ribonucleotide (gar) synthetase, gar transformylase and aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (air) synthetase are the second, third and fifth enzymes in the 10-step de novo purine biosynthetic pathway. from a cdna library of arabidopsis thaliana, cdnas encoding the above three enzymes were cloned by functional complementation of corresponding escherichia coli mutants. each of the cdnas encode peptides comprising the complete enzymatic domain of either gar synthetase, gar transformylase or a ...	1994	7920700
suc1 and suc2: two sucrose transporters from arabidopsis thaliana; expression and characterization in baker's yeast and identification of the histidine-tagged protein.	an important, most likely essential step for the long distance transport of sucrose in higher plants is the energy-dependent, uncoupler-sensitive loading into phloem cells via a sucrose-h+ symporter. this paper describes functional expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae of two cdnas encoding energy-dependent sucrose transporters from the plasma membrane of arabidopsis thaliana, suc1 and suc2. yeast cells transformed with vectors allowing expression of either suc1 or suc2 under the control of the ...	1994	7920705
water channels in the plant plasma membrane cloned by immunoselection from a mammalian expression system.	expression in mammalian cos cells and an efficient microtiter-based strategy for immunoselection was used in a novel approach to identify genes encoding plant membrane proteins. cos cells were transfected with an arabidopsis thaliana root cdna library constructed in a bacterial mammalian shuttle vector and screened with an antiserum raised against purified deglycosylated integral plasma membrane proteins from a. thaliana roots. antibodies directed against a prominent 27 kda antigen led to the id ...	1994	7920711
functional reconstitution of the solubilized arabidopsis thaliana stp1 monosaccharide-h+ symporter in lipid vesicles and purification of the histidine tagged protein from transgenic saccharomyces cerevisiae.	complete dna sequences encoding the arabidopsis thaliana stp1 monosaccharide/h+ symporter or a histidine-tagged stp1-his6 protein were expressed in baker's yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. both wild-type stp1 and the recombinant his-tagged protein were located in the plasma membranes of transformed yeast cells. the c-terminal modification caused no loss of transport activity compared with the wild-type protein. anti-stp1-antibodies were used to confirm the identity of the protein in yeast and to ...	1994	7920712
characterization of an arabidopsis cdna for a soluble epoxide hydrolase gene that is inducible by auxin and water stress.	a cdna (1122 bp) was isolated from a cdna library prepared from arabidopsis thaliana l. that had been subjected to drought stress for 1 h. the sequencing of a genomic clone corresponding to the cdna and s1 mapping analysis revealed that the cdna lacked the first 6 bp from its translational start (atg). the resulting open reading frame encodes a polypeptide of 321 amino acids, and the calculated molecular weight of this polypeptide is 36,423 da. the deduced amino acid sequence shows a high degree ...	1994	7920716
physical mapping of the mitochondrial genome of arabidopsis thaliana by cosmid and yac clones.	as part of the worldwide efforts at molecular analysis of arabidopsis thaliana as a model plant the complete structure of the mitochondrial genome has been determined. the mitochondrial dna molecules were mapped by restriction fragment analysis of more than 300 cosmid clones and purified mitochondrial dna. the entire genome of 372 kb is contained in three different configurations of circular molecules and is split into two additional subgenomic molecules of 234 kb and 138 kb, respectively. these ...	1994	7920724
cloning of a cdna encoding tobacco omega-3 fatty acid desaturase.	a cdna was isolated from a tobacco (nicotiana tabacum cv. sr1) leaf cdna library using, as a hybridization probe, a cdna fragment from the gene (fad7) encoding arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast omega-3 fatty acid (fa) desaturase. the deduced 379-amino-acid (aa) sequence has 67-71% identity to those deduced from the previously described genes encoding the omega-3 fa desaturases of a. thaliana. the absence of an n-terminal extension transit peptide in the deduced aa sequence of the cdna clone and t ...	1994	7926817
arabidopsis thaliana gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase is structurally unrelated to mammalian, yeast, and escherichia coli homologs.	a mutant of escherichia coli, jtg10, deficient in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-ecs; ec 6.3.2.2) is unable to synthesize glutathione (gsh) and is sensitive to 8-hydroxyquinoline. this phenotype was exploited for the isolation of arabidopsis thaliana gamma-ecs cdnas by expression cloning, and clones were selected through functional complementation by growth on 8-hydroxyquinoline. high levels of gamma-ecs activity were detectable in extracts derived from cultures of jtg10 expressing the ...	1994	7937837
reconstitution of the spinach oxygen-evolving complex with recombinant arabidopsis manganese-stabilizing protein.	the psbo gene of cyanobacteria, green algae and higher plants encodes the precursor of the 33 kda manganese-stabilizing protein (msp), a water-soluble subunit of photosystem ii (psii). using a pet-t7 cloning/expression system, we have expressed in escherichia coli a full-length cdna clone of psbo from arabidopsis thaliana. upon induction, high levels of the precursor protein accumulated in cells grown with vigorous aeration. in cells grown under weak aeration, the mature protein accumulated upon ...	1994	7948862
expression of the tobacco tnt1 retrotransposon promoter in heterologous species.	the expression of the tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) retrotransposon tnt1 has previously been shown to be strongly regulated and driven from the 5' long terminal repeat (ltr). we report here that the tnt1 ltr can promote activity of the beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene in two heterologous species of the brassicaceae family, namely rapeseed (brassica napus) and arabidopsis thaliana. the translational ltr-gus fusion was active in transient expression studies performed with tobacco and rapeseed ...	1994	7948885
genetic complementation of a floral homeotic mutation, apetala3, with an arabidopsis thaliana gene homologous to deficiens of antirrhinum majus.	among the homeotic mutants with altered floral organs, two mutants of arabidopsis thaliana, apetala3 and pistillata, and two mutants of antirrhinum majus, deficiens and globosa, have a homeotic conversion of the floral organs in whorl 2 and 3, namely petals to sepals and stamens to carpels. we have isolated a homologue of the deficiens gene from a. thaliana wild type and shown complete complementation of apetala3 mutation by introducing the isolated gene using agrobacterium-mediated transformati ...	1994	7948893
pattern formation in plant development: four vignettes.	in their development, plants precisely control the patterns of cell size, cell shape and cell division, the position of differentiation of cell types, and the position and number of organs. in the past year, progress has been made in understanding four of these five levels of control of plant pattern formation, including specification of cell fate by cell size in the alga volvox carteri, genetic control of cell shape in the leaf hairs of the flowering plant arabidopsis thaliana, precise control ...	1994	7950330
isolation and characterization of a cdna encoding arabidopsis thaliana mevalonate kinase by genetic complementation in yeast.	a 1.64-kb cdna encoding an arabidopsis thaliana mevalonate kinase (mk) was cloned by complementation of the erg 12-1 mutation affecting mk in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. the longest open reading frame encodes a protein of 378 amino acids (aa) with a predicted molecular mass of 40,650 da. a striking feature of the cdna sequence is a long 5' untranslated region (322 bp). the deduced aa sequence reveals that the plant enzyme shows strong similarit ...	1994	7958957
primary structure of the mrna encoding a 16.5-kda ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme of pisum sativum.	the complementary dna (psu bc4) representing an mrna encoding an ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (ubc) of pisum sativum has been cloned. the coding region is 444 nucleotides (nt) in length and capable of specifying a 16.5-kda protein of 148 amino acids (aa) with an isoelectric point of 7.95. the deduced aa sequence showed 97% identity with arabidopsis thaliana atubc8-12 families and tomato ert17, and 80% identity with yeast scubc4 and scubc5 and drosophila melanogaster dmubc4. the active site cyste ...	1994	7958971
characterization and chromosomal localization of the human homologue of a rat amp-activated protein kinase-encoding gene: a major regulator of lipid metabolism in mammals.	amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) phosphorylates and inactivates acetyl-coa carboxylase and beta-hydroxy beta-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a (hmg-coa) reductase which are the major enzymes involved in fatty acid and lipid biosyntheses. the ampk gene from rat (rampk) has recently been cloned [carling et al., j. biol. chem. 269 (1994) 11442-11448]. in order to study the structure and function of the human ampk gene (hampk), we have cloned the gene, and report in this communication its nucleotide (nt) ...	1994	7959015
atvps34, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase of arabidopsis thaliana, is an essential protein with homology to a calcium-dependent lipid binding domain.	the cdna encoding phosphatidylinositol (pi) 3-kinase was cloned from arabidopsis thaliana, and the derived amino acid sequence (atvps34) has a significantly higher homology to yeast pi 3-kinase (vps34) than to the mammalian (p110). the protein has two conserved domains: a catalytic site with the atp-binding site near the c terminus and a calcium-dependent lipid-binding domain near the n terminus. the plant cdna does not rescue a yeast vps34 deletion mutant, but a chimeric gene in which the codin ...	1994	7972072
functional expression of arabidopsis thaliana anthranilate synthase subunit i in escherichia coli.	anthranilate synthase is involved in tryptophan (trp) biosynthesis. functional expression of subunit i from arabidopsis (asa1) was achieved in bacteria as a protein fused with glutathione s-transferase (gst). the active product was purified in a single step on a glutathione-sepharose column. the vmax (45 nmol min-1mg-1), the apparent k(m) for chorismate (180 microm), and the feedback inhibition by trp (complete inhibition by 10 microm trp) of the purified fusion product (gst-asa1) were comparabl ...	1994	7972519
protein disaggregation mediated by heat-shock protein hsp104.	the heat-inducible members of the hsp100 (or clp) family of proteins share a common function in helping organisms to survive extreme stress, but the basic mechanism through which these proteins function is not understood. hsp104 protects cells against a variety of stresses, under many physiological conditions, and its function has been evolutionarily conserved, at least from saccharomyces cerevisiae to arabidopsis thaliana. homology with the escherichia coli clpa protein suggests that hsp104 may ...	1994	7984243
aps-sulfotransferase activity is identical to higher plant aps-kinase (ec 2.7.1.25).	a cdna from arabidopsis thaliana l. heynh encoding the aps-kinase (ec 2.7.1.25) was modified by deletion of a plastidic transit peptide to enable its expression in escherichia coli. the resultant protein (mw 25,761) is enzymatically active as aps-kinase and restores prototrophic growth in an aps-kinase mutant. all transformants harbouring the modified plant dna also acquired aps-sulfotransferase activity. in the absence of atp but provided with dtt, a tetrameric form of recombinant aps-kinase ex ...	1994	7988678
afc1, a lammer kinase from arabidopsis thaliana, activates ste12-dependent processes in yeast.	in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae a kinase cascade activates the transcription factor ste12 leading to mating in haploid cells and pseudohyphal growth in diploid cells. to investigate related signal transduction pathways in higher plants, we have isolated a putative protein kinase gene from arabidopsis thaliana that restores ste12-dependent functions to yeast with mutations in this signal transduction pathway. this arabidopsis gene, afc1, induces three ste12-dependent processes even in signa ...	1994	7991592
identification of potential regulatory elements in the far-upstream region of the arabidopsis thaliana plastocyanin promoter.	the far-upstream region of the arabidopsis thaliana plastocyanin (pc) promoter acts positively on transcription. this -1580 to -710 region (relative to the translation start site) has enhancer-like properties since it is also functional when situated downstream of the gene. using tobacco nuclear extracts, this region was tested for protein-binding sites. two short binding sequences were identified. the at-rich sequence separating these binding sites shows extensive homology to the sequences sepa ...	1994	8000001
production of the escherichia coli betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase, an enzyme required for the synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine, in transgenic plants.	in several organisms osmotic stress tolerance is mediated by the accumulation of the osmoprotective compound glycine betaine. with the ambition to transfer the betaine biosynthetic pathway into plants not capable of synthesizing this osmoprotectant, the escherichia coli gene betb encoding the second enzyme in the pathway, betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase was introduced into nicotiana tabacum. the betb structural gene was fused to the promoter of ats1a, a gene coding for the small subunit of rubisc ...	1994	8000428
tga3 is a distinct member of the tga family of bzip transcription factors in arabidopsis thaliana.	tga1a is a well-characterized transcription factor that may mediate the root-specific and auxin-responsive expression of some plant genes. in tobacco, southern blot and genomic cloning analyses have shown that tga1a consists of at least four closely related genes. since tga1a belongs to the bzip class of transcriptional factors, the protein products of the tobacco tga1a family are likely to form hetero-dimers with each other in addition to the homo-dimers. in order to find a model plant system t ...	1994	8003690
the highly edited orf206 in oenothera mitochondria may encode a component of a heme transporter involved in cytochrome c biogenesis.	a highly transcribed region in oenothera mitochondria codes for a reading frame (orf206) which shows high homology to the marchantia encoded mitochondrial open reading frame orf277 and is also conserved in the mitochondrial genomes of arabidopsis thaliana and daucus carota. transcripts of orf206 are modified by cytidine to uridine changes in 46 positions by rna editing, affecting 30% of all cytidines and 15% of the total encoded amino acids. this orf is cotranscribed with an upstream reading fra ...	1994	8003696
characterization of telomeric regions from ustilago maydis.	the isolation of telomeres from the phytopathogenic fungus ustilago maydis is described. the telomeric repeat from the plant arabidopsis thaliana, tttaggg, cross-hybridizes to bal31-sensitive fragments of u. maydis dna and detects many or all of the u. maydis chromosomes separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). this telomeric repeat was used to screen a library enriched for chromosome ends. three clones were isolated which contained the tandemly repeated sequence ttaggg. this sequen ...	1994	8012578
heterologous expression of plant vacuolar pyrophosphatase in yeast demonstrates sufficiency of the substrate-binding subunit for proton transport.	the membrane bounding the vacuole of plant cells contains two electrogenic proton pumps. these are the vacuolar h(+)-atpase (ec 3.6.1.3), an enzyme common to all eukaryotes, and a vacuolar h(+)-translocating pyrophosphatase (ec 3.6.1.1), which is ubiquitous in plants but otherwise known in only a few phototrophic bacteria. although the substrate-binding subunit of the vacuolar h(+)-pyrophosphatase has been identified and purified and cdnas encoding it have been isolated and characterized, the mi ...	1994	8016125
the characterization of a mitochondrial acyl carrier protein isoform isolated from arabidopsis thaliana.	a cdna clone was isolated from an arabidopsis leaf cdna library that shared a high degree of protein sequence identity with mitochondrial acyl carrier proteins (mtacps) isolated from neurospora crassa and bovine heart muscle. the cdna encoded an 88-amino acid mature protein that was preceded by a putative 35-amino acid presequence. in vitro protein import studies have confirmed that the presequence specifically targets this protein into pea mitochondria but not into chloroplasts. these studies i ...	1994	8016262
a new, pathogen-inducible gene of arabidopsis is expressed in an ecotype-specific manner.	in this study we describe a novel gene, which was isolated in an attempt to search for specific plant resistance genes of arabidopsis against isolates of the phytopathogenic bacterium xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. the gene was cloned by differential screening of a genomic library of the xcc 750-resistant ecotype col-0, using cdna populations derived from ecotype col-0 and the xcc 750-susceptible ecotype oy-0. the isolated gene, cxc750, is differentially expressed in ecotypes of arabidop ...	1994	8018872
a ubiquitously expressed mads-box gene from nicotiana tabacum.	experiments in antirrinum majus, arabidopsis thaliana and petunia hybrida have demonstrated that putative transcription factors of the so-called mads-box family play an important role in determining floral organ identity. such regulatory genes are transiently expressed in small numbers of cells in the floral apex. here we describe the isolation of a cdna from nicotiana tabacum coding for a mads-box protein which is expressed in both the floral and vegetative organs of the plant.	1994	8018879
analysis of clones carrying repeated dna sequences in two yac libraries of arabidopsis thaliana dna.	yac clones carrying repeated dna sequences from the arabidopsis thaliana genome have been characterized in two widely used arabidopsis yac libraries, the eg library and the ew library. ribosomal, chloroplast and the paracentromeric repeat sequences are differentially represented in the two libraries. the coordinates of yac clones hybridizing to these sequences are given. a high proportion of eg yac clones were classified as containing chimaeric inserts because individual clones carried unique se ...	1994	8019591
differential regulation of an auxin-producing nitrilase gene family in arabidopsis thaliana.	nitrilases (nitrile aminohydrolase, ec 3.5.5.1) convert nitriles to carboxylic acids. we report the cloning, characterization, and expression patterns of four arabidopsis thaliana nitrilase genes (nit1-4), one of which was previously described [bartling, d., seedorf, m., mithöfer, a. & weiler, e. w. (1992) eur. j. biochem. 205, 417-424]. the nitrilase genes encode very similar proteins that hydrolyze indole-3-acetonitrile to the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid in vitro, and three of the four g ...	1994	8022831
identification of a light-responsive region of the nuclear gene encoding the b subunit of chloroplast glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from arabidopsis thaliana.	we report here the identification of a cis-acting region involved in light regulation of the nuclear gene (gapb) encoding the b subunit of chloroplast glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from arabidopsis thaliana. our results show that a 664-bp gapb promoter fragment is sufficient to confer light induction and organ-specific expression of the escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase reporter gene (gus) in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) plants. deletion analysis indicates that the -261 to ...	1994	8029358
heterospecific cloning of arabidopsis thaliana cdnas by direct complementation of pyrimidine auxotrophic mutants of saccharomyces cerevisiae. i. cloning and sequence analysis of two cdnas catalysing the second, fifth and sixth steps of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway.	an arabidopsis thaliana cdna library was used to complement saccharomyces cerevisiae pyrimidine auxotrophic mutants. mutants in all but one (carbamylphosphate synthetase) of the six steps in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway could be complemented. we report here the cloning, sequencing and computer analysis of two cdnas encoding the aspartate transcarbamylase (atcase; ec 2.1.3.2) and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase-orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (oprtase-ompdecase; ec 2.4.2.10, ...	1994	8041358
isolation and characterization of the gene encoding 2,3-oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase from saccharomyces cerevisiae.	the erg7 gene encoding oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase [(s)-2,3-epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, lanosterol forming), ec 5.4.99.7] from saccharomyces cerevisiae has been cloned by genetic complementation of a cyclase-deficient erg7 strain. the dna sequence of this gene has been determined and found to contain an open reading frame of 2196 nt (including stop codon) that encodes a predicted protein of 731 amino acids. the predicted molecular mass of the s. cerevisiae cyclase, 83.4 kda, is similar ...	1994	8041797
cloning, sequence analysis and expression of the gene encoding imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase in cryptococcus neoformans.	a cdna from cryptococcus neoformans, encoding imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase (igpd), was isolated by complementation of a his3 mutant strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae. the c. neoformans his3 cdna encodes an approx. 22-kda protein with a high degree of amino-acid sequence similarity to igpds from ten other microorganisms, as well as arabidopsis thaliana. most striking are two conserved hhxxe regions and several conserved his, asp and glu residues. the cdna was engineered for expressio ...	1994	8045413
a cdna for adenylyl sulphate (aps)-kinase from arabidopsis thaliana.	a cdna clone with an open reading frame of 831 nucleotides was isolated from a lambda zapii-library of arabidopsis thaliana. the nucleotide sequence of the cdna is homologous to the aps-kinase genes from enterobacteria, diazotrophic bacteria, and yeast: escherichia coli (cys c: 53.2%), rhizobium meliloti (nod q: 52.6%), and saccharomyces cerevisiae (met 14:57.1%). the polypeptide deduced from the plant aps-kinase cdna is comprised of 276 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 29,790. it ...	1994	8049272
isolation of a poplar and an arabidopsis thaliana dihydrodipicolinate synthase cdna clone.	a poplar dhdps cdna clone has been isolated by functional rescue of the dapa-deficient at997 mutant of escherichia coli. by sequence comparison between the poplar and maize dhdps cdnas, two oligonucleotides were designed to perform polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on arabidopsis thaliana genomic dna. the pcr fragment was subsequently used to isolate an arabidopsis dhdps genomic and cdna clone.	1994	8049377
isolation of a cdna encoding a 70 kda heat-shock cognate protein expressed in vegetative tissues of arabidopsis thaliana.	a cdna encoding a 70 kda heat shock 'cognate' protein (hsc70) was isolated from arabidopsis thaliana by using a rat hsc70 cdna as probe. sequence analysis demonstrated the conservation of functional domains and important amino acid residues among hsc70s in plants and animals. the expression of this gene was stress-inducible, and was found at a substantial level during normal growth in root, stem, leaf and flower tissues, but not in siliques. multiple copies of this gene exist in the arabidopsis ...	1994	8049382
identification of molecular markers of embryogenesis in arabidopsis thaliana by promoter trapping.	the technique of promoter trapping has been exploited to identify markers of embryogenesis in arabidopsis thaliana. a population of transgenic a. thaliana was generated containing the promoter trap vector pdeltagusbin19, following agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. this vector contains at the t-dna left border, a promoterless gusa gene, which is activated following integration downstream of a native gene promoter that directs transgene transcription. screening of a population of ...	1994	8054995
cloning of a cdna encoding atp sulfurylase from arabidopsis thaliana by functional expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	atp sulfurylase, the first enzyme in the sulfate assimilation pathway of plants, catalyzes the formation of adenosine phosphosulfate from atp and sulfate. here we report the cloning of a cdna encoding atp sulfurylase (aps1) from arabidopsis thaliana. aps1 was isolated by its ability to alleviate the methionine requirement of an atp sulfurylase mutant strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast). expression of aps1 correlated with the presence of atp sulfurylase enzyme activity in cell extracts. ap ...	1994	8058839
effect of chitinase antisense rna expression on disease susceptibility of arabidopsis plants.	chitinases accumulate in higher plants upon pathogen attack are capable of hydrolyzing chitin-containing fungal cell walls and are thus implicated as part of the plant defense response to fungal pathogens. to evaluate the relative role of the predominate chitinase (class i, basic enzyme) of arabidopsis thaliana in disease resistance, transgenic arabidopsis plants were generated that expressed antisense rna to the class i chitinase. young plants or young leaves of some plants expressing antisense ...	1994	8061313
isolation of an arabidopsis thaliana casein kinase ii beta subunit by complementation in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	casein kinase ii is thought to play an essential role in the control of cell division and differentiation in all eukaryotes. through complementation of a defective casein kinase ii catalytic subunit gene from saccharomyces cerevisiae, we isolated an arabidopsis thaliana casein kinase ii regulatory subunit homologue, ckb1. a second regulatory subunit was identified by low-stringency hybridization with ckb1. casein kinase ii from s. cerevisiae is composed of two catalytic (alpha) and two regulator ...	1994	8061317
isolation of a mrna encoding a nucleoside diphosphate kinase from tomato that is up-regulated by wounding.	a cdna clone (tab2) encoding a nucleoside diphosphate (ndp) kinase has been isolated from a tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill. cv. ailsa craig) cdna library. the clone is 590 bp long and exhibits a high degree of sequence identity with spinach ndp kinases i and ii, pisum sativum ndp kinase i, arabidopsis thaliana ndp kinase, drosophila melanogaster ndp kinase, dictyostelium discoideum ndp kinase and human nm 23-h1 and nm23-h2. northern analysis has revealed that the mrna encoded by tab2 is up ...	1994	8061324
direct transfer of plasmid dna from intact yeast spheroplasts into plant protoplasts.	we developed a polyethylene glycol (peg)-mediated direct dna transfer method from intact saccharomyces cerevisiae spheroplasts into arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts. to monitor the dna transfer from yeast to plant cells, beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene in which a plant intron was inserted was used as a reporter. this intron-gus reporter gene on a 2 microns-based plasmid vector was not expressed in yeast transformants, while it expressed gus activity when the plasmid dna was introduced int ...	1994	8061937
isolation and characterization of cdnas encoding imidazoleglycerolphosphate dehydratase from arabidopsis thaliana.	cdna clones encoding imidazoleglycerolphosphate dehydratase (igpd; ec 4.2.1.19) from arabidopsis thaliana were isolated by complementation of a bacterial auxotroph. the predicted primary translation product shared significant identity with the corresponding sequences from bacteria and fungi. as in yeast, the plant enzyme is monofunctional, lacking the histidinol phosphatase activity present in the escherichia coli protein. igpd mrna was present in major organs at all developmental stages assayed ...	1994	8066131
sequencing and characterization of the kinesin-related genes katb and katc of arabidopsis thaliana.	complementary dnas of two kinesin-related genes, katb and katc, were isolated from arabidopsis thaliana and sequenced. the carboxyl-terminal regions of the polypeptides encoded by these genes, especially the presumptive atp-binding and microtubule-binding domains, share significant sequence homology with the mechanochemical motor domain of the kinesin heavy chain. the predicted secondary structures of katb and katc proteins include a large globular domain in the carboxyl-terminal region and a sm ...	1994	8075402
two genes that encode ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases are induced by drought and high-salt stresses in arabidopsis thaliana.	two cdna clones, catcdpk1 and catcdpk2, encoding ca(2+)-dependent, calmodulin-independent protein kinases (cdpk) were cloned from arabidopsis thaliana and their nucleotide sequences were determined. northern blot analysis indicated that the mrnas corresponding to the atcdpk1 and atcdpk2 genes are rapidly induced by drought and high-salt stress but not by low-temperature stress or heat stress. treatment of arabidopsis plants with exogenous abscisic acid (aba) had no effect on the induction of atc ...	1994	8078458
differential expression of several e2-type ubiquitin carrier protein genes at different developmental stages in arabidopsis thaliana and nicotiana sylvestris.	we characterized three genes encoding different e2-type ubiquitin carrier proteins involved in the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic pathway: ubcat3 shows homologies to the yeast cdc34 gene and ub-cat4a and ubcat4b are two different genes homologous to the ubc1/4/5 subfamily in yeast. their accumulation was analysed and compared with that of the different families encoding polyubiquitins, as well as the monoubiquitin fusion protein, which is considered as a marker for cell division, during various ...	1994	8078482
characterization of minisatellites in arabidopsis thaliana with sequence similarity to the human minisatellite core sequence.	a strategy based on random pcr amplification was used to isolate new repetitive elements of arabidopsis thaliana. one of the random pcr product analyzed by this approach contained a tandem repetitive minisatellite sequence composed of 33 bp repeated units. the genomic locus corresponding to this pcr product was isolated by screening a lambda genomic library. new related loci were also isolated from the genomic library by screening with a 14 mer oligonucleotide representing a region conserved amo ...	1994	8078766
isolation and characterization of two cdnas encoding for compartment specific isoforms of o-acetylserine (thiol) lyase from arabidopsis thaliana.	cdnas encoding for two isoforms of o-acetylserine (thiol) lyase (oas-tl), which catalyzes the synthesis of cysteine, have been isolated from arabidopsis thaliana. secondary structure together with expression patterns derived during photomorphogenesis indicate cellular localizations in the cytosol and plastids, thus allowing a direct comparison of compartment-specific forms within one species. the cytosolic oas-tl complemented an e. coli auxotrophic mutant lacking cysteine synthesis. both isoform ...	1994	8082776
biochemical properties of the autophosphorylation of rlk5, a receptor-like protein kinase from arabidopsis thaliana.	the rlk5 gene of arabidopsis thaliana encodes a novel receptor-like protein kinase. dna sequence analysis suggests that the rlk5 protein contains an extracellular domain that has 21 tandemly repeated leucine-rich motifs linked, via a transmembrane hydrophobic region, to a protein kinase catalytic domain that is related to the serine/threonine family of protein kinases. to study the intrinsic biochemical properties of this protein kinase we have expressed the catalytic domain as two different rec ...	1994	8086440
identification of a human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that mediates the e6-ap-dependent ubiquitination of p53.	the e6 protein of the oncogenic human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 facilitates the rapid degradation of the tumor-suppressor protein p53 via the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway. the e6 protein binds to a cellular protein of 100 kda termed e6-ap. the complex of e6 and e6-ap specifically interacts with p53 and induces the ubiquitination of p53 in a reaction which requires the ubiquitin-activating enzyme (e1) and a cellular fraction thought to contain a mammalian ubiquitin-conjugating enz ...	1994	8090726
isolation of phytoalexin-deficient mutants of arabidopsis thaliana and characterization of their interactions with bacterial pathogens.	a genetic approach was used to assess the extent to which a particular plant defense response, phytoalexin biosynthesis, contributes to arabidopsis thaliana resistance to pseudomonas syringae pathogens. the a. thaliana phytoalexin, camalexin, accumulated in response to infection by various p. syringae strains. no correlation between pathogen avirulence and camalexin accumulation was observed. a biochemical screen was used to isolate three mutants of a. thaliana ecotype columbia that were phytoal ...	1994	8090752
rps2 of arabidopsis thaliana: a leucine-rich repeat class of plant disease resistance genes.	plant disease resistance genes function is highly specific pathogen recognition pathways. prs2 is a resistance gene of arabidopsis thaliana that confers resistance against pseudomonas syringae bacteria that express avirulence gene avrrpt2. rps2 was isolated by the use of a positional cloning strategy. the derived amino acid sequence of rps2 contains leucine-rich repeat, membrane-spanning, leucine zipper, and p loop domains. the function of the rps2 gene product in defense signal transduction is ...	1994	8091210
xenopus laevis ribosomal protein s11: cloning and sequencing of the cdna and primary structure of the protein.	we have cloned a xenopus laevis cdna coding for the 40s subunit cytoplasmic ribosomal protein s11. the nucleotide sequence was determined and the derived amino acid sequence reveals that the protein has 158 amino acid residues and a calculated molecular mass of 18,424 da. amino acid sequence comparison with the homologous counterparts from very diverse groups of organisms representing animals (human and rat), fungi (yeast) and plants (maize and arabidopsis thaliana), shows that this protein is v ...	1994	8093055
characterization of an arabidopsis calmodulin-like domain protein kinase purified from escherichia coli using an affinity sandwich technique.	a full-length cdna encoding a calcium-dependent protein kinase with a calmodulin-like domain from arabidopsis thaliana (ak-1 for arabidopsis kinase-1) has been expressed as a fusion protein (called ak-1-6h) in escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity with high specific activity (typically 2000 nmol min-1 mg-1) using an "affinity sandwich" technique. ak-1-6h protein phosphorylation activity using histone as substrate was stimulated up to 50-fold by the addition of calcium alone or up to ...	1994	8117660
isolation of arabidopsis thaliana mutants hypersensitive to gamma radiation.	a screening method for mutants of arabidopsis thaliana hypersensitive to gamma-radiation has been devised. plants grown from ethyl methanesulfonate (ems)-treated seeds were irradiated at the seedling stage, which is highly radiosensitive due to extensive cell division. severe growth inhibition of mutant plants by a gamma-ray dose which only slightly affects wild-type plants was the selective criterion. twelve true-breeding hypersensitive lines were isolated from a total of 3394 screened plants. ...	1994	8028582
the saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue of ribosomal protein s26.	the nucleotide sequence of rps26, the gene encoding a homologue of ribosomal protein small subunit s26 in saccharomyces cerevisiae, was determined. the deduced amino-acid sequence showed significant identity with its counterparts from neurospora crassa, human, rat and arabidopsis thaliana. disruption of rps26 resulted in the formation of micro-colonies, suggesting that it is important for the normal cell growth of s. cerevisiae.	1994	7821815
arabidopsis thaliana expresses three divergent srp54 genes.	the arabidopsis thaliana srp54 gene family was determined to consist of three genes, all of which were cloned and sequenced. in addition, cdnas corresponding to two of the genes were obtained. to our knowledge this is the first description of multiple srp54 genes within an organism. in contrast to the situation in mammals, where there are only three amino acid differences between the mouse and canine sequences, there was significant amino acid sequence diversity among the genes, particularly in ...	1994	7824644
molecular genetics of the maize (zea mays l.) aspartate kinase-homoserine dehydrogenase gene family.	aspartate kinase (ak) and homoserine dehydrogenase (hsdh) are enzymes in the aspartate-derived amino acid biosynthetic pathway. recent biochemical evidence indicates that an ak-hsdh bifunctional enzyme exists in maize (zea mays l.). in this report, we characterize three genes that encode subunits of ak-hsdh. two cdnas, pakhsdh1 and pakhsdh2, containing the full-coding sequence, and one partial cdna, pakhsdh3, encode amino acid sequences similar to the reported monofunctional ak and hsdh enzymes ...	1994	7846152
the plasma membrane of arabidopsis thaliana contains a mercury-insensitive aquaporin that is a homolog of the tonoplast water channel protein tip.	plant cells contain proteins that are members of the major intrinsic protein (mip) family, an ancient family of membrane channel proteins characterized by six membrane-spanning domains and two asparagine-proline-alanine (npa) amino acid motifs in the two halves of the protein. we recently demonstrated that gamma-tip, one of the mip homologs found in the vacuolar membrane of plant cells, is an aquaporin or water channel protein (c. maurel, j. reizer, j.i. schroeder, m.j. chrispeels [1993] embo j ...	1994	7846153
molecular biology of sugar transporters of the plant plasma membrane.	plants possess highly efficient transport systems for organic substances such as monosaccharides and disaccharides. in many lower plants these transport systems can be used for heterotrophic growth in the absence of light. in higher plants which are a complex mosaic of autotrophic and heterotrophic cells, tissues and organs, they play an important role in the distribution of assimilated carbon amongst these various parts. genes and cdnas encoding transport proteins for mono-or disaccharides have ...	1994	7597640
the heterologous expression of h(+)-coupled transporters in xenopus oocytes.	the xenopus oocyte has become a convenient and robust system for the expression of many different animal transport proteins and it has now been demonstrated that oocytes can also translate, process and target plant membrane proteins. here we review the background to this expression system and discuss how it can be used to express plant transporters. a h+/hexose cotransporter (stp1) from arabidopsis thaliana has been successfully expressed in oocytes and further characterization has shown the tra ...	1994	7597641
why isoforms of the plant plasma membrane h(+)-atpase?	the significance of different isoforms of the plant plasma membrane h(+)-atpase is essentially unknown. at least some of the isoforms exhibit a tissue-specific and developmental pattern of expression. the three major isoforms of arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane h(+)-atpase have been expressed in a functional form in yeast internal membranes. the isoforms differ significantly from each other in several kinetic parameters. thus, the isoform diversity of plasma membrane h(+)-atpase might provid ...	1994	7597647
2.1 a resolution refined structure of a tata box-binding protein (tbp).	the three-dimensional structure of a tata box-binding protein (tbp2) from arabidopsis thaliana has been refined at 2.1 a resolution. tbps are general eukaryotic transcription factors that participate in initiation of rna synthesis by all three eukaryotic rna polymerases. the carboxy-terminal portion of tbp is a unique dna-binding motif/protein fold, adopting a highly symmetric alpha/beta structure that resembles a molecular saddle with two stirrup-like loops. a ten-stranded, antiparallel beta-sh ...	1994	7634102
targeting of the polyhydroxybutyrate biosynthetic pathway to the plastids of arabidopsis thaliana results in high levels of polymer accumulation.	in the bacterium alcaligenes eutrophus, three genes encode the enzymes necessary to catalyze the synthesis of poly[(r)-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (phb) from acetyl-coa. in order to target these enzymes into the plastids of higher plants, the genes were modified by addition of dna fragments encoding a pea chloroplast transit peptide, a constitutive plant promoter, and a poly(a) addition sequence. each of the modified bacterial genes was introduced into arabidopsis thaliana by agrobacterium-mediated t ...	1994	7809117
characterisation of cdna and genomic clones encoding homologues of the 65 kda regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2a in arabidopsis thaliana.	two cdna species encoding sequences homologous to the 65 kda regulatory subunit (pr 65) of protein phosphatase 2a (pp2a) have been isolated from an arabidopsis thaliana cdna library. these were designated pdf1 and pdf2. pdf1 is 1795 bp long and by comparison with the human and porcine pp2a regulatory subunit sequences represents a full-length clone. it encodes a predicted polypeptide of 587 amino acid residues. pdf2 is truncated at the 5' end by 237 bp. the complete nucleotide sequences have bee ...	1994	7811971
the hermes transposable element from the house fly, musca domestica, is a short inverted repeat-type element of the hobo, ac, and tam3 (hat) element family.	the genome of the house fly, musca domestica, contains an active transposable element system, called hermes. using pcr and inverse pcr we amplified and sequenced overlapping segments of several hermes elements and from these data we have constructed a 2749 bp consensus hermes dna sequence. hermes termini are composed of 17 bp imperfect inverted repeats that are almost identical to the inverted terminal repeats of the hobo element of drosophila melanogaster. full length hermes elements contain a ...	1994	7813905
in planta transformation of arabidopsis thaliana.	transformants of arabidopsis thaliana can be generated without using tissue culture techniques by cutting primary and secondary inflorescence shoots at their bases and inoculating the wound sites with agrobacterium tumefaciens suspensions. after three successive inoculations, treated plants are grown to maturity, harvested and the progeny screened for transformants on a selective medium. we have investigated the reproducibility and the overall efficiency of this simple in planta transformation p ...	1994	7816046
gene density and organization in a small region of the arabidopsis thaliana genome.	we have characterized a 6.4 kb genomic fragment from arabidopsis thaliana ecotype columbia overlapping the 5' end of the akin10 gene which encodes a protein ser/thr kinase. using, as probes, various restriction fragments located upstream of akin10, two cdna clones have been isolated from a cdna library prepared from young shoot tissue. a comparison between the cdna and the above genomic sequences allowed us to locate two novel genes, atcys1 and athyp1 (for arabidopsis thaliana cystathionine gamm ...	1994	7816049
cloning of cdnas from arabidopsis thaliana that encode putative protein phosphatase 2c and a human dr1-like protein by transformation of a fission yeast mutant.	we characterized three arabidopsis thaliana cdna clones that could rescue the sterile phenotype of the schizosaccharomyces pombe pde1 mutant, which is defective in camp phosphodiesterase. the first clone had a coding capacity of 399 amino acids that is 35% identical with rat protein phosphatase 2c (pp2c). the second had a coding capacity of 159 amino acids that is 41% identical with human dr1. dr1 has been shown to interact with tata-binding protein (tbp) and block its ability to activate transc ...	1994	7816619
cloning of an arabidopsis thaliana cdna coding for farnesyl diphosphate synthase by functional complementation in yeast.	a cdna encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase, an enzyme that synthesizes c15 isoprenoid diphosphate from isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate, was cloned from an arabidopsis thaliana cdna library by complementation of a mutant of saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in this enzyme. the a. thaliana cdna was also able to complement the lethal phenotype of the erg20 deletion yeast mutant. as deduced from the full-length 1.22 kb cdna nucleotide sequence, the polypeptide contains 343 ...	1994	7858223
the arabidopsis thaliana apurinic endonuclease arp reduces human transcription factors fos and jun.	an arabidopsis thaliana cdna encoding an analogue, referred to as arp for apurinic endonuclease-redox protein, of the human redox factor ref has been cloned. arp stimulates in vitro dna-binding activity of the human transcription factor jun and fos by the reduction of a cysteine residue located in the dna-binding domain. based on amino acid sequence homology, this redox activity is probably confined to the small internal domain of the arp protein. in analogy to ref, we show that the arabidopsis ...	1994	7512729
two related low-temperature-inducible genes of arabidopsis encode proteins showing high homology to 14-3-3 proteins, a family of putative kinase regulators.	we have isolated two rare cold-inducible (rci1 and rci2) cdnas by screening a cdna library prepared from cold-acclimated etiolated seedlings of arabidopsis thaliana with a subtracted probe. rna-blot hybridizations revealed that the expression of both rci1 and rci2 genes is induced by low temperature independently of the plant organ or the developmental stage considered. however, rci1 mrna accumulates faster and at higher levels than the rci2 one indicating that these genes have differential resp ...	1994	7520301
characterization of some major identity elements in plant alanine and phenylalanine transfer rnas.	alanine and phenylalanine trna sequences were amplified by pcr from arabidopsis thaliana nuclear dna using degenerate oligonucleotides which introduced specific mutations into the acceptor stem. the aminoacylation of t7 rna polymerase transcripts of these sequences was investigated in vitro using partially purified bean alanyl- or phenylalanyl-trna synthetase. in parallel, the in vivo activity of amber suppressor derivatives of these trnas was investigated in transient expression assays in tobac ...	1994	7532029
a central role of salicylic acid in plant disease resistance.	transgenic tobacco and arabidopsis thaliana expressing the bacterial enzyme salicylate hydroxylase cannot accumulate salicylic acid (sa). this defect not only makes the plants unable to induce systemic acquired resistance, but also leads to increased susceptibility to viral, fungal, and bacterial pathogens. the enhanced susceptibility extends even to host-pathogen combinations that would normally result in genetic resistance. therefore, sa accumulation is essential for expression of multiple mod ...	1994	17810266
the present status of higher plant bioassays for the detection of environmental mutagens.	higher plants provide valuable genetic assay systems for screening and monitoring environmental pollutants. they are now recognized as excellent indicators of cytogenetic and mutagenic effects of environmental chemicals and are applicable for the detection of environmental mutagens both indoor and outdoor. comparisons between plant and nonplant genetic assay systems indicate that higher plant genetic assays have a high sensitivity (i.e. few false negatives). two assays which are considered ideal ...	1994	7523890
novel gus expression patterns following transposition of an enhancer trap ds element in arabidopsis.	enhancer trap derivatives of the maize dissociation (ds) transposon were introduced into arabidopsis thaliana. the enhancer trap ds was so designed that upon transposition to sites containing regulatory sequences in adjacent genomic dna, transcription of a ds-borne beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene would be activated. sixty percent of all transposition events were associated with gus expression patterns including one linked to a mutant phenotype. patterns of gus expression were found in various orga ...	1995	8552040
mapping loci controlling vernalization requirement in brassica rapa.	brassica cultivars are classified as biennial or annual based on their requirement for a period of cold treatment (vernalization) to induce flowering. genes controlling the vernalization requirement were identified in a brassica rapa f2 population derived from a cross between an annual and a biennial oilseed cultivar by using an rflp linkage map and quantitative trait locus (qtl) analysis of flowering time in f3 lines. two genomic regions were strongly associated with variation for flowering tim ...	1995	24170058