Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| characterization of the linkage between the type iii capsular polysaccharide and the bacterial cell wall of group b streptococcus. | the capsular polysaccharide of group b streptococcus is a key virulence factor and an important target for protective immune responses. until now, the nature of the attachment between the capsular polysaccharide and the bacterial cell has been poorly defined. we isolated insoluble cell wall fragments from lysates of type iii group b streptococcus and showed that the complexes contained both capsular polysaccharide and group b carbohydrate covalently bound to peptidoglycan. treatment with the end ... | 2000 | 10713053 |
| nonopsonic binding of type iii group b streptococci to human neutrophils induces interleukin-8 release mediated by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. | nonopsonic interaction of host immune cells with pathogens is an important first line of defense. we hypothesized that nonopsonic recognition between type iii group b streptococcus and human neutrophils would occur and that the interaction would be sufficient to trigger neutrophil activation. by using a serum-free system, it was found that heat-killed type iii group b streptococci bound to neutrophils in a rapid, stable, and inoculum-dependent manner that did not result in ingestion. transposon- ... | 2000 | 10722601 |
| survival of group b streptococcus type iii in mononuclear phagocytes: differential regulation of bacterial killing in cord macrophages by human recombinant gamma interferon and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. | phagocytic and killing capacities of resident and cytokine-activated human macrophages against group b streptococcus (gbs) type iii were studied. evidence is presented that monocyte-derived macrophages from cord and adults ingest serum-opsonized gbs but that killing of bacteria was negligible in resident cells. treatment of adult macrophages with recombinant human gamma interferon (rhifn-gamma; 100 u/ml) or recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhgm-csf; 200 u/ml) r ... | 2000 | 10722616 |
| comparison of gen-probe accuprobe group b streptococcus culture identification test with conventional culture for the detection of group b streptococci in broth cultures of vaginal-anorectal specimens from pregnant women. | the performance of the accuprobe group b streptococcus culture identification test (gen-probe incorporated, san diego, ca, usa) for the detection of group b streptococci (gbs) directly from lim broth cultures of vaginal-anorectal swab specimens from pregnant women (two swabs per patient in most cases) was evaluated by comparing results to those of conventional gbs culture. of 411 specimens analyzed, 82 were positive and 312 were negative for gbs by both methods. after initial testing, the percen ... | 2000 | 10729657 |
| group b streptococcus screening in pregnant women: a comparison of three media. | this study compared the relative isolation rate of group b streptococcus (gbs) from 663 low vaginal swabs, collected from antenatal patients, on three media: horse blood agar plus neomycin (75 mg/l) (neo), islam agar (islam) and islam agar plus nalidixic acid (15 mg/l) and colistin sulphate (10 mg/l) (islam plus). one hundred and forty-seven (22%) gbs were isolated. at 24 hours the isolation rate was highest using neo, but within 72 hours there was little difference. the isolation rates for neo, ... | 2000 | 10740806 |
| [procalcitonin and c-reactive protein kinetics in neonates with group b streptococcus infection]. | 2000 | 10760709 | |
| tricuspid valve group b streptococcal endocarditis after an elective termination of pregnancy. | a patient developed fever, chills, and shortness of breath after an elective first trimester dilation and curettage. blood cultures grew group b streptococcus, and a transesophageal echocardiogram revealed a 2 x 2 cm vegetation on the tricuspid valve and global left ventricular hypokinesis. a 6-week course of parenteral antibiotics and vasodilator therapy resulted in resolution of the valvular vegetation as well as of the left ventricular dysfunction. | 2000 | 10763083 |
| self-collection of antepartum anogenital group b streptococcus cultures. | group b streptococcus (gbs) from the maternal perineum is a leading cause of serious neonatal infection. recommendations by the centers for disease control and prevention include cultures from anogenital swabs on all pregnant women between 35 and 37 weeks' gestation. this study examines whether a significant difference in test results exists between gbs cultures from swabs done by physicians and those done by patients, and whether patients prefer to perform the swab themselves, with the potentia ... | 2000 | 10764191 |
| neonatal group b streptococcal infection in south bedfordshire, 1993-1998. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is now the leading cause of neonatal bacterial sepsis in the western world. the incidence of gbs infection in the united states has been determined, and guidelines produced and implemented for the prevention of neonatal infection. neither incidence nor guidelines are currently established in the united kingdom. | 2000 | 10794787 |
| intrapartum antibiotics for group b streptococcal colonisation. | group b streptococcal infection is common in pregnant women without causing harm. however it is also a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. | 2000 | 10796138 |
| in vitro inhibition of commercial douche products against vaginal microflora. | recently, vaginal douching has been associated with many health risks in women. the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of commercial douche products against various vaginal microorganisms, including lactobacilli. seven commercial douches were tested against eight lactobacillus clinical isolates and three type strains from the american type culture collection. bv-associated bacteria included six strains of five genera: gardnerella, mobiluncus, mycoplasma, peptostreptococcus, and ureaplas ... | 2000 | 10805365 |
| characterization of the active site of group b streptococcal hyaluronan lyase. | hyaluronan lyase is secreted by most strains of the human pathogen, group b streptococcus. site-directed mutagenesis of the enzyme identified three amino acid residues important for enzyme activity, h479, y488, and r542. these three residues are in close proximity in the putative active site of a homology model of group b streptococcal hyaluronan lyase. the homology model was based on the crystal structure of another related glycosaminoglycan lyase, chondroitin ac lyase, which exhibits different ... | 2000 | 10813837 |
| group b streptococcus meningitis in an hiv-positive adult: case report and review. | we report a new case of meningitis due to group b streptococci (s. agalactiae) in an hiv-positive patient. only three other cases have been reported so far, and common features are discussed. | 2000 | 10826913 |
| the necessity of both anorectal and vaginal cultures for group b streptococcus screening during pregnancy. | group b streptococcus (gbs) sepsis affects approximately 2 of every 1000 newborns. in an effort to decrease the incidence of neonatal gbs infection, the centers for disease control and prevention have established guidelines for screening and treatment during pregnancy. one strategy includes obtaining both vaginal and anorectal gbs cultures, then treating patients whose cultures are positive. many of our patients are reluctant to undergo anorectal cultures. we conducted a study to determine wheth ... | 2000 | 10836777 |
| group b streptococcus induces tnf-alpha gene expression and activation of the transcription factors nf-kappa b and activator protein-1 in human cord blood monocytes. | it has been postulated that production of tnf-alpha is central to the pathogenesis of septic shock induced by group b streptococcus (gbs). in vitro studies using human cord blood monocytes have demonstrated that gbs induces tnf-alpha secretion, but little is known about the intracellular signaling pathways of tnf-alpha induction. in this report we show that heat-killed serotype iii gbs induces host cell signal transduction pathways that lead to activation of the transcription factors nf-kappab a ... | 2000 | 10861080 |
| prevention of perinatal group b streptococcal infection: current controversies. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the most frequent cause of neonatal sepsis in the united states. the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) issued guidelines for its prevention in 1996. this article details areas of controversy with those guidelines and offers recommendations for resolution. we recommend that a prevention policy be adopted by all hospitals. if a screening-based policy is chosen, compliance is essential. penicillin is the antibiotic of choice for gbs prevention. increasi ... | 2000 | 10862856 |
| neonatal group b streptococcal disease associated with infected breast milk. | premature triplets each developed late onset group b streptococcal disease over a period of nine weeks. the source of the organism appeared to be expressed maternal breast milk, in the absence of clinical mastitis. asymptomatic excretion of group b streptococcus in breast milk may be an under-recognised cause of neonatal infection. | 2000 | 10873172 |
| investigation of the translation-initiation factor if2 gene, infb, as a tool to study the population structure of streptococcus agalactiae. | the sequence of infb, encoding the prokaryotic translation-initiation factor 2 (if2), was determined in eight strains of streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) and an alignment revealed limited intraspecies diversity within s. agalactiae. the amino acid sequence of if2 from s. agalactiae and from related species were aligned and revealed an interspecies conserved central and c-terminal part, and an n-terminal part that is highly variable in length and amino acid sequence. the diversity ... | 2000 | 10878130 |
| use of c-reactive protein in minimizing antibiotic exposure: experience with infants initially admitted to a well-baby nursery. | to evaluate the use of a clinical pathway for neonatal sepsis in decisions about initiating and continuing antibiotic treatment. | 2000 | 10878173 |
| early-onset neonatal group b streptococcal infection: implications for practice. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading bacterial infection associated with morbidity and mortality of newborns in the united states. most neonatal infections can be prevented through the use of intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis in women who are at increased risk for transmitting infection to their newborns. however, prevention strategies have not been implemented widely or consistently, and the incidence of neonatal gbs disease has not declined. an understanding of gbs epidemiology, clin ... | 2000 | 11112918 |
| preparation and preclinical evaluation of experimental group b streptococcus type iii polysaccharide-cholera toxin b subunit conjugate vaccine for intranasal immunization. | streptococcus group b (gbs) is usually carried asymptomatically in the vaginal tract of women and can be transferred to the newborn during parturition. serum antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide (cps) can prevent invasive diseases, whereas immunity acting at the mucosal surface may be more important to inhibit the mucosal colonization of gbs and thus the risk of infection for the newborn. we prepared different gbs type iii cps-protein conjugate vaccines and evaluated their systemic and muco ... | 2000 | 11115709 |
| group b streptococcus induces apoptosis in macrophages. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is a pathogen that has developed some strategies to resist host immune defenses. because phagocytic killing is an important pathogenetic mechanism for bacteria, we investigated whether gbs induces apoptosis in murine macrophages. gbs type iii strain coh31 r/s (gbs-iii) first causes a defect in cell membrane permeability, then at 24 h, apoptosis. apoptosis was confirmed by several techniques based on morphological changes and dna fragmentation. cytochalasin d does not ... | 2000 | 11034400 |
| distinct effects of surfactant protein a or d deficiency during bacterial infection on the lung. | mice lacking surfactant protein (sp)-a (sp-a-/-) or sp-d (sp-d-/-) and wild-type mice were infected with group b streptococcus or haemophilus influenzae by intratracheal instillation. although decreased killing of group b streptococcus and h. influenzae was observed in sp-a-/- mice but not in sp-d-/- mice, deficiency of either sp-a or sp-d was associated with increased inflammation and inflammatory cell recruitment in the lung after infection. deficient uptake of bacteria by alveolar macrophages ... | 2000 | 11034401 |
| [antibiotics in pregnancy: importance of rational utilization]. | it is now clear that antibiotic treatment in the antenatal period significantly does prolong pregnancy during conservative management of preterm premature rupture of membranes and reduces neonatal infectious diseases as well as neonatal-related morbidities. in the same way, prophylactic intrapartum antibiotherapy reduces the incidence of early-onset group b streptococcus-induced sepsis. nevertheless, on the other hand, antibiotics in the perinatal period are associated with an increase of neonat ... | 2000 | 11051774 |
| how accurate are rapid polymerase chain reaction tests in detecting group b streptococcus colonization in pregnant women? | 2000 | 11052169 | |
| cervical spinal epidural abscess due to group b streptococcus in a previously healthy elderly male. | 2000 | 11055674 | |
| cm101 treatment overrides tumor-induced immunoprivilege leading to apoptosis. | cm101, a bacterial polysaccharide exotoxin produced by group b streptococcus (gbs), also referred to as gbs toxin, has been shown to target pathological neovasculature and activate complement (c3), thereby inducing neovascularitis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, inhibition of tumor growth, and apoptosis in murine tumor models. data from refractory cancer patients in a phase i clinical trial with cm101 indicated a similar mechanism of tumor-targeted inflammation. to further our understanding ... | 2000 | 11059768 |
| hospital-based policies for prevention perinatal group b streptococcal disease--united states, 1999. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading cause of sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia in newborns in the united states (1). because intrapartum prophylactic antibiotics reduce mother-to-child gbs transmission (2), in 1996, cdc, the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists, and the american academy of pediatrics recommended that hospitals adopt formal gbs prevention policies (2-4). from 1994 to 1997, the proportion of hospitals with formal intrapartum gbs prevention policies increased ... | 2000 | 11063277 |
| universal antenatal group b streptococcus screening? the opinions of obstetricians and neonatologists within australia. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading infectious cause of morbidity and mortality in australian newborns. although intrapartum chemoprophylaxis is recommended to reduce the risk of neonatal gbs transmission and disease, controversy exists as to the best method to select women 'at risk' for this treatment. our study aimed to survey the opinions of obstetricians and neonatologists currently in practice in australia on gbs screening and treatment. of the 488 obstetricians and 68 neonatologists ... | 2000 | 11065044 |
| identification of streptococci isolated from various sources by determination of cfb gene and other camp-factor genes. | in the present study, the camp-factor (cfb) gene of streptococci of serological group b (streptococcus agalactiae) and the camp-factor (cfu) gene of s. uberis could be amplified by polymerase chain reaction. a cfb specific amplicon could be observed for all 128 phenotypically camp-positive s. agalactiae, for the phenotypically camp-negative s. agalactiae strain 74-360, and for 2 s. difficile reference strains. a cfu specific amplicon could be observed for all 7 phenotypically camp-positive s. ub ... | 2000 | 11068682 |
| group b streptococcal meningitis complicating elective abortion: report of 2 cases. | the incidence of invasive disease due to streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus [gbs]) in adults is on the rise; however, meningitis in adults due to gbs remains rare. we report 2 cases of gbs meningitis complicating elective abortion, 1 of which was a septic incomplete abortion. only 1 case of bacterial meningitis complicating elective abortion has been reported previously. | 2000 | 11073784 |
| necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock-like syndrome caused by group b streptococcus. | a recent increase in reports of necrotizing fasciitis resulting from group b streptococcus has alerted physicians to a possible concomitant increase of toxic shock-like syndrome. we report the second case of group b streptococcus causing necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock-like syndrome. a black woman, aged 52 years, with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus had necrotizing fasciitis type ii of the left groin. hypotension, elevated bilirubin and liver enzymes, and adult respiratory distress syndr ... | 2000 | 11095561 |
| antibiotic resistance patterns of group b streptococcus in antenatal genital cultures. | to identify the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of group b streptococcus (gbs) isolated from antenatal genital screening cultures. | 2000 | 11153257 |
| [factors associated with streptococcus group b colonization in pregnant women in los altos, chiapas]. | to estimate the prevalence and analyze the factors associated with group b streptococcus (gbs) colonization in pregnant women of los altos, chiapas, mexico. | 2000 | 11125626 |
| prevention of group b streptococcus early-onset neonatal sepsis: comparison of the center for disease control and prevention screening-based protocol to a risk-based protocol in infants at greater than 37 weeks' gestation. | to compare the center for disease control consensus guidelines' screening-based strategy to a risk-based strategy as regards the incidence of early-onset group b streptococcus (gbs) infection among term infants. | 2000 | 11190588 |
| haemophilus influenzae type b still remains a leading cause of meningitis among unvaccinated children--a prospective csf analysis study. | a prospective, hospital-based cerebrospinal fluid (csf) analysis study was undertaken in 65 children who had diagnostic lumbar puncture on admission for suspected central nervous system infections. twenty-three children were clinically diagnosed to have had sepsis and/or meningitis. csf bacterial culture grew haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) in four cases and streptococcus pneumonia (sp) was cultured in another child. bacterial antigen was detected in 13 other csf specimens and the pathogens ... | 2000 | 11191142 |
| prevalence, capsular type distribution, anthropometric and obstetric factors of group b streptococcus (streptococcus agalactiae) colonization in pregnancy. | to establish the prevalence, serotype distribution, anthropometry and obstetric factors of group b streptococcus (gbs) colonization in pregnant women. | 2000 | 11210331 |
| evaluation of neonatal sepsis screening in a tropical area. part i: major risk factors for bacterial carriage at birth in guadeloupe. | this prospective study reports on screening for neonatal sepsis among 3,372 live births out of 6,060 consecutive deliveries at the university hospital of pointe-à-pitre, guadeloupe, during a 30-month period. group b streptococcus (gbs) was the most common pathogen, representing 46% (89/194) of positive blood cultures and 52% (335/637) of positive gastric aspirates. although only 3,372 (55%) of all live births were screened, 637 (10%) had gastric bacterial carriage at birth; of those, 335 (5.5%) ... | 2000 | 11211542 |
| development of coagglutination reagents for serological grouping of streptococci. | coagglutination reagents for the rapid serological grouping of groups a, b, c, f and g streptococcus have been developed. antisera to groups a, b, c, f and g streptococcus were raised in rabbits. after absorption with cross-reacting antigens, the specific antibodies were coated on staphylococcus protein-a and used as group-specific coagglutination reagents. the sensitivity of the reagents for groups a, c and g streptococcus was 100 per cent and the specificity was 100, 100, and 98.77 per cent, r ... | 2000 | 11215861 |
| population-based surveillance for bacterial meningitis in the dominican republic: implications for control by vaccination. | quantifying the local burden of disease is an important step towards the introduction of new vaccines, such as haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccine. we adapted a generic protocol developed by the world health organization for population-based surveillance of bacterial meningitis. all hospitals that admit paediatric patients with meningitis in the national district, dominican republic were included in the system and standard laboratory methods were used. the system identified 111 ... | 2000 | 11218205 |
| intrauterine infection and spontaneous midgestation abortion: is the spectrum of microorganisms similar to that in preterm labor? | to determine whether microorganisms associated with intrauterine infection and preterm labor play a contributing role in midgestation abortion. | 2000 | 11220481 |
| binding of influenza type a viruses to group b streptococcus and haemagglutination by virus-bound bacteria. | we studied the bindings of human influenza a type viruses to group b streptococcus (gbs), types ia, ii, iii and iv, of sialic acid (sa)alpha2-3 linkage, using a/pr/8/34(h1n1) and a/memphis/1/71(h3n2). the viruses were found to bind to all types of gbs, with the exception of pr/8/34 for gbsii, and to elute from gbsia, iii and iv at 37 degrees c, except gbsii. electron microscopy confirmed these behaviours of the influenza viruses. the virus-binding capability of gbs types seemed to depend on the ... | 2000 | 11270858 |
| [prophylaxis of group b beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections]. | group b streptococcus is a possible cause of chorioamnionitis, endometritis and urinary tract infections in pregnant woman. maternal risk factors and the vertical transmission of gbs and neonatal gbs infection occur through the following fever during labor, the rupturing of membranes more than 18 hours before delivery, prematurity and chorioamnionitis. gbs can induce early-onset neonatal disease (sepsis, meningitis or pneumonia) during the first week of life and late-onset neonatal infection (le ... | 2000 | 11424803 |
| [lavage of the birth canal with chlorhexidine: a new valid method for the prevention of perinatal infections]. | perinatal morbidity and mortality are due to various infective agents, mainly represented by beta-hemolytic group b streptococcus. the perinatal disease related to this infection is distinguished in early-onset, characterised by pneumonia and sepsis, and late-onset which leads to sepsis, meningitis and pneumonia. various strategies were therefore proposed to prevent transmission including immunisation and chemoprophylaxis. all these methods however present adverse effects and are most of all exp ... | 2000 | 11424808 |
| [neonatal mortality in the czech republic 1998-1999]. | to evaluate neonatal mortality rate (nmr) in 1998 and 1999 years in the czech republic. | 2000 | 11394232 |
| [study on perinatal group b streptococcus carriers and the maternal and neonatal outcome]. | to investigate the group b streptococcus (gbs) colonization rate and the relationship between vaginal colonization of gbs and the maternal and neonatal outcome. | 2000 | 11831947 |
| delayed presentation of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in association with group b streptococcus infection in a preterm omani neonate. | we present an interesting case of a preterm omani newborn that had delayed onset of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in association with group b streptococcus infection. the association and the pathogenesis are supported by literature review. the message to follow is that any neonate with prolonged course of streptococcal pneumonia, with unusual course, should be investigated for presence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. | 2000 | 11500688 |
| neonatal meningitis. | to determine the prevalent bacterial agents of neonatal meningitis and their antibiotic susceptibility in a referral intensive care unit in assir central hospital, saudi arabia, during the years 1993-1998. | 2000 | 11500704 |
| call for group b streptococcus screening. | 2000 | 12026446 | |
| purulent pericarditis due to group b streptococcus and mycotic aneurysm of the ascending aorta: case report. | a 61-year-old female, with a history of uterine and cervical cancer treated with radical hysterectomy and 2 years of postoperative chemotherapy, presented to the emergency department with dyspnea on exertion. computed tomography of the chest revealed a large pericardial effusion and a sacciform aneurysm of the ascending aorta. the patient subsequently underwent emergency pericardiocentesis with drainage of approximately 330 ml of a bloody and turbid effusion. cultures from the effusion yielded g ... | 2000 | 10651213 |
| maternal antibody transfer in baboons and mice vaccinated with a group b streptococcal polysaccharide conjugate. | two animal models were used to study maternal transfer of antibody to a group b streptococcus (gbs) type iii polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid (iii-tt) conjugate. the iii-tt vaccine protected all 27 mouse pups born to vaccinated dams against a gbs challenge. in a separate study of vaccinated mouse dams and pups, maternal sera contained all 4 subclasses of polysaccharide-specific igg, with igg1 accounting for 83% of total igg. specific igg subclass distribution (igg1>>igg2a=igg2b=igg3) in newborn pup ... | 2000 | 10669351 |
| invasive disease due to group b streptococcus in pregnant women and neonates from diverse population groups. | from 1993 through 1996, surveillance for invasive disease due to group b streptococcus (gbs) in neonates aged <7 days and in peripartum pregnant women was performed in a racially and ethnically diverse cohort in 4 cities in the united states. in a birth population of 157,184, 130 neonatal cases (0.8 per 1000) and 54 maternal cases (0.3 per 1000) were identified. significant correlates with neonatal disease were black or hispanic race and a birth weight <2500 g. the attack rate for peripartum mat ... | 2000 | 10671328 |
| a 5-year review of recurrent group b streptococcal disease: lessons from twin infants. | recurrent invasive disease due to group b streptococcus (gbs) in twin infants has not been reported. we report 2 cases of recurrent gbs afflicting both siblings of a set of dichorionic twin infants. the maternal and infant colonizing and invasive strains were identical by serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). despite attempts at eradication with different antibiotic regimens, the infants remained colonized after treatment of the second episode. a 5-year review of recurrent inva ... | 2000 | 10671329 |
| cytokines enhance opsonophagocytosis of type iii group b streptococcus. | neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmn)-mediated killing is important to host defense against type iii group b streptococcus (gbs). in neonates, a qualitative and quantitative deficiency in pmn-mediated host defense may contribute to an impaired neonatal response to this pathogen. | 2000 | 10879334 |
| serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of group b streptococcus isolated from neonates in casablanca. | the serotypes and the levels of antibiotic resistance of 59 streptococcus agalactiae isolates from neonates in casablanca, from february 1992 to july 1997, were studied. most of the isolates (86.4%) were recovered from early-onset disease. the serotype distribution was as follows: serotype iii 39%; serotype ia 32.2%; and serotype v 10.2%. all strains were susceptible to penicillin g, cefotaxime and ampicillin, whereas 1 strain was resistant to erythromycin. no high level of resistance to gentami ... | 2000 | 10879617 |
| group b streptococcal infection early onset disease controversies in prevention guidelines, and management strategies for the neonate. | group b streptococcus (gbs) has been a major pathogen that is particularly devastating to the newborn for more than two decades. initial guidelines were promoted by the aap in 1992 to help deal with this organism, but these recommendations were poorly accepted and not widely used. in 1996-1997 the aap, cdc, and acog created new guidelines for the management of the mother and infant at risk for gbs. though usually in agreement, these three sets of recommendations still have some differences that ... | 2000 | 10879933 |
| cross-protection between group a and group b streptococci due to cross-reacting surface proteins. | the r28 protein of group a streptococcus (gas) and the rib protein of group b streptococcus (gbs) are surface molecules that elicit protective immunity to experimental infection. these proteins are members of the same family and cross-react immunologically. in spite of extensive amino acid residue identity, the cross-reactivity between r28 and rib was found to be limited, as shown by analysis with highly purified proteins and specific antisera. nevertheless, immunization of mice with purified r2 ... | 2000 | 10882591 |
| group b streptococcal beta-hemolysin induces nitric oxide production in murine macrophages. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading cause of sepsis in neonates. nitric oxide (no) release plays a role in the hypotension that characterizes septic shock. to examine the role of the gbs beta-hemolysin in no production, the murine macrophage line raw 264. 7 was exposed to a wild-type (wt) gbs isolate and to hyperhemolytic (hh) and nonhemolytic (nh) transposon mutants derived from that isolate. after activation of macrophages by the wt strain, the hh mutant, or cell-free extracts of beta-h ... | 2000 | 10882592 |
| value of superficial cultures in diagnosing neonatal sepsis. | this study was conducted to determine the value of superficial cultures in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis in our hospital. sixty three babies, younger than 2 weeks who were admitted with suspected sepsis were investigated. a total of 369 cultures were obtained from these babies--252 (68.29%) superficial and 171 (31.70%) deep cultures. external ear canal swab, umbilical cord swab and throat swab culture accounted for the superficial cultures. blood culture, cerebrospinal fluid culture and i.v. ... | 2000 | 10885204 |
| cost consequences of elimination of the routine group b streptococcus culture at a teaching hospital. | to evaluate the cost consequence of the elimination of routine group b streptococcus (gbs) cultures in pregnancy utilizing risk factor assessment management recommendations of the center for disease control. | 2000 | 10902828 |
| antibiotic susceptibility profiles for group b streptococci isolated from neonates, 1995-1998. | antibiotic susceptibility profiles were analyzed for 119 invasive and 227 colonizing strains of group b streptococci isolated from neonates at 6 us academic centers. all strains were susceptible to penicillin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, and cefotaxime. the rate of resistance to erythromycin was 20.2% and to clindamycin was 6.9%. resistance to erythromycin increased in 1997. type v strains were more resistant to erythromycin than were type ia (p=.003) and type ib (p=.004) strains and were more ... | 2000 | 10913400 |
| neonatal escherichia coli infections: concerns regarding resistance to current therapy. | currently recommended antibiotic treatment of suspected neonatal sepsis is ampicillin and an aminoglycoside. recently, we observed increasing ampicillin and gentamicin resistance in strains of escherichia coli isolated from neonates at our institution. we therefore reviewed clinical and laboratory records of all neonates with systemic infection, hospitalized from 1994 through 1998, from whom e. coli was isolated from blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid. the influence of perinatal variables (e.g. ru ... | 2000 | 10914963 |
| neonatal sepsis workups in infants >/=2000 grams at birth: a population-based study. | few data are available on the outcome of neonatal sepsis evaluations in an era when intrapartum antibiotic therapy is common. | 2000 | 10920148 |
| bacterial colonization of toys in neonatal intensive care cots. | to investigate the bacteria and fungi contaminating toys in neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) cots, the colonization rates, and factors that influence them. | 2000 | 10920174 |
| maternal risk factors for perinatal septicemia due to the enterobacteriaceae. | cases of perinatal septicemia due to the enterobactericeae, which manifest in the first 24 hr of life were analyzed for the presence or absence of the maternal risk factors defined in the cdc group b streptococcus (gbs) risk-factor protocol. microbiological data involving blood culture isolates were reviewed for the recovery of an enterobacteriaceae from january 1975 through june 1995. enterobacteriaceae perinatal septicemia was defined as the recovery an enterobacteriaceae from one or more set ... | 2000 | 10928599 |
| interactions between streptococcus suis serotype 2 and different epithelial cell lines. | streptococcus suis is an important swine pathogen responsible for cases of sudden death, septicaemia, meningitis, endocarditis and pneumonia. it is also recognized as a zoonotic agent in people occupationally exposed to pigs or pig products. knowledge on virulence factors of s. suis serotype 2 is limited and the pathogenesis of the infection is poorly understood. it has been suggested that the disease due to s. suis serotype 2 begins with colonization of the nasopharyngeal epithelium, followed b ... | 2000 | 10931895 |
| fetal immunization by a dna vaccine delivered into the oral cavity. | infectious diseases are the main cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in humans. the world health organization estimated that in 1995 approximately 8 million infants died within the first year of life from infectious diseases, including 5 million during the first week of life. some of the salient pathogens involved include herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, human cytomegalovirus, group b streptococcus, hemophilus and chlamydia. infection with these pathog ... | 2000 | 10932233 |
| [bacterial meningitis in infants 1 to 8 weeks old]. | bacterial meningitis in the newborn and infant remains a serious problem, with a mortality rate of 24% and a morbidity rate ranging from 30 to 50%. this retrospective study conducted between january 1982 and december 1997, aims to characterize the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in infants less than 60 days of age. thirty-five infants between 6 and 60 days of age, hospitalized for bacterial meningitis in the pediatric units of edouard-herriot hospital in lyon, france, were included. the cli ... | 2000 | 10941481 |
| genetic polymorphisms of group b streptococcus scpb alter functional activity of a cell-associated peptidase that inactivates c5a. | many group b streptococcus agalactiae strains and other pathogenic streptococci express a cell-associated peptidase that inactivates c5a (c5a-ase), the major neutrophil chemoattractant produced by activation of the complement cascade. type iii group b streptococci (gbs) can be classified genotypically into three restriction digest pattern types. functional c5a-ase activity of gbs correlates with this genetic typing; therefore, we sought to identify a genetic basis for this phenomenon. southern h ... | 2000 | 10948119 |
| liberal diagnosis and treatment of intrauterine infection reduces early-onset neonatal group b streptococcal infection but not sepsis by other pathogens. | comparison of the incidence and case fatality of early-onset group b streptococcus sepsis and sepsis caused by other pathogens in neonates after change of management of intrauterine infection. | 2000 | 10968596 |
| genotyping of the capsule gene cluster (cps) in nontypeable group b streptococci reveals two major cps allelic variants of serotypes iii and vii. | forty group b streptococcus (gbs) isolates obtained from europe and the united states previously reported to be nontypeable (nt) by capsule serotype determination were subjected to buoyant density gradient centrifugation. from nearly half of the isolates capsule-expressing variants could be selected. for characterization of the remaining nt-gbs isolates, the capsule operon (cps) was amplified by the long-fragment pcr technique and compared by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analy ... | 2000 | 10970395 |
| [prevention of perinatal group b streptococcus disease in light of an unknown maternal carriage rate in israel]. | 2000 | 10979430 | |
| use of capsular polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine for type ii group b streptococcus in healthy women. | an estimated 15% of invasive group b streptococcal (gbs) disease is caused by type ii capsular polysaccharide (ii cps). in developing a pentavalent vaccine for the prevention of gbs infections, individual gbs cpss have been coupled to tetanus toxoid (tt) to prepare vaccines with enhanced immunogenicity. type ii gbs (gbs ii) vaccine was created by direct, covalent coupling of ii cps to tt by reductive amination. in 2 clinical trials, 75 healthy nonpregnant women 18-45 years old were randomized to ... | 2000 | 10979909 |
| group b streptococcal meningitis in adults: recent increase in southeast asia. | meningitis caused by streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) is rare in adults and usually affects patients with predisposing conditions. | 2000 | 10985511 |
| systemic and mucosal immune responses in mice after mucosal immunization with group b streptococcus type iii capsular polysaccharide-cholera toxin b subunit conjugate vaccine. | group b streptococci (gbs) colonize the female genital and rectal tracts and can cause invasive infection in susceptible newborns. an optimally effective gbs vaccine should induce mucosal and systemic immunity. in this study, we investigate the local and systemic immune responses to gbs type iii capsular polysaccharide (cps) after mucosal vaccination of mice via intranasal, peroral, rectal, and vaginal routes, with gbs type iii cps conjugated with recombinant cholera toxin b subunit (gbs iii cps ... | 2000 | 10992481 |
| lectin site interaction with capsular polysaccharide mediates nonimmune phagocytosis of type iii group b streptococci. | group b streptococcus (gbs) causes substantial morbidity but most individuals exposed to the organism remain healthy. these experiments tested the hypothesis that engagement of the complement receptor 3 (cr3) lectin site would effectively trigger neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis of complement-opsonized type iii gbs by nonimmune human sera. using an opsonophagocytosis assay, saccharides identified as interacting with the cr3 lectin site effectively inhibited neutrophil-mediated killing of type ii ... | 2000 | 10992487 |
| neonatal meningitis: mortality, cerebrospinal fluid, and microbiological findings. | this study describes the bacteriology, cerebrospinal fluid (csf) findings, and mortality of neonatal meningitis over an 11-year period. the minimum incidence of neonatal meningitis at tygerberg hospital is 0.72/1000 live births/year. eighty-eight patients were included in the study. median birthweight and age at diagnosis were 2320 g and 12 days, respectively. csf culture was positive in 77 (88 per cent), blood culture was positive in 51 (57 per cent), and gram stain was positive in 58 (66 per c ... | 2000 | 10996987 |
| self-collection of antepartum anogenital group b streptococcus cultures. | 2000 | 11001014 | |
| bacterial genetics and human immunity to group b streptococci. | serotype iii group b streptococcus agalactiae (gbs) are the most common cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. we have classified type iii gbs by restriction digest patterns of chromosomal dna and demonstrated that a subgroup of genetically related strains (rdp type iii-3) causes the majority of type iii gbs neonatal infection. genetic differences between type iii gbs strains contribute significantly to differences in virulence and host immune responses. while 100% of less virulent rdp type ii ... | 2000 | 11001839 |
| group b streptococcal colonization and serotype-specific immunity in pregnant women at delivery. | to describe the relationship between serum concentration of group b streptococcal capsular polysaccharide-specific immunoglobulin (ig) g, colonization status, race or ethnicity, and age in pregnant women. | 2000 | 11004347 |
| prelabor rupture of the membranes at term: expectant management at home or in hospital? the termprom study group. | to determine whether adverse effects of expectant management for premature rupture of membranes (prom) at term and patient satisfaction were greater if women were managed at home rather than in a hospital. | 2000 | 11004354 |
| preventive procedures against gbs infection by means of antibody measurement. | screening group b streptococcus (gbs) in the vagina of pregnant women and measuring serum level of its type-specific antibody would be useful for cost-benefit of the prevention against gbs infection. | 2000 | 11004709 |
| basic studies on group b streptococcal (gbs) culture medium. | yeast extract and serum are said to be necessary for the pigmentation of group b streptococcus (hereafter, gbs). we're examined the necessity of these for the gbs pigmentation. firstly, we examined the following four types of culture media. (1) the medium in which serum was excluded from the new granada medium (hereafter, called basic medium). (2) new granada medium (hereafter, s medium). (3) the medium in which yeast extract was added to (1) (hereafter, y medium). (4) the medium in which added ... | 2000 | 11004710 |
| bacterial penetration across the blood-brain barrier during the development of neonatal meningitis. | bacterial pathogens may breach the blood-brain barrier (bbb) and invade the central nervous system through paracellular and/or transcellular mechanisms. transcellular penetration, e.g., transcytosis across the bbb has been demonstrated for escherichia coli k1, group b streptococcus, listeria monocytogenes, citrobacter freundii and streptococcus pneumonia strains. genes contributing to invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells include e. coli k1 genes ompa, ibea, ibeb, and yijp. understan ... | 2000 | 11008113 |
| serum procalcitonin concentrations in term delivering mothers and their healthy offspring: a longitudinal study. | the reported sensitivities and specificities of procalcitonin (pct) concentrations for the diagnosis of neonatal infection vary widely. a postnatal increase of pct has been observed in healthy term newborns with a peak at approximately 24 h of age, and many questions remain regarding maternal and perinatal factors that may influence the normal pct kinetics during the immediate postnatal period. | 2000 | 11017935 |
| prevalence and co-colonization with group b streptococcus (gbs) among heterosexual college couples. | purpose: maternal colonization with gbs is a major cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. while gbs transmission is assumed to be fecal-oral or person-to-person direct contact including possible sexual transmission, risk factors for colonization and carriage are poorly described. basic descriptive epidemiologic information is needed in order to implement a prevention program such as the development of an effective vaccine.methods: as part of a study of heterosexual transmission of urinary trac ... | 2000 | 11018407 |
| obstetricians' compliance with cdc guidelines on maternal screening and intrapartum prophylaxis for group b streptococcus. | how obstetricians' opinions regarding universal screening of pregnant woman for group b streptococcus and their attitude regarding chemoprophylaxis vary from the centres for disease control (cdc) guidelines were studied, and the physician characteristics that predict divergent opinions were determined. five hundred and eighty-two obstetricians in the flanders region of belgium were contacted by a postal survey. ordinal logistic regression was used to assess obstetricians' characteristics that pr ... | 2000 | 15512626 |
| the conformational epitope of type iii group b streptococcus capsular polysaccharide. | in order to further characterize the conformational epitope of gbspiii, we synthesized various oligosaccharides with the gbspiii-related structures by a tailor-assembly synthetic scheme and a more traditional block-wise chemo-enzymatic approach. the oligosaccharides were used to probe the conformational epitope of gbspiii using number of complementary techniques. the protective epitope of gpspiii was further defined as length-dependent and conformational. the results of the studies confirmed tha ... | 2001 | 14533816 |
| nmr and molecular modeling of complex carbohydrates and carbohydrate-protein interactions. applications to anti-bacteria vaccines. | in order to characterize the conformational epitope of the group b meningococcal polysaccharide and of the type iii group b streptococcus capsular polysaccharide nmr measurements were done on a wide variety of native and modified polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. since these saccharides are highly mobile and exist as random coils in solution, the analysis of the nmr data and molecular modeling was done to take into account this inherent flexibility. the conformational model of extended high- ... | 2001 | 14533821 |
| functional analysis in type ia group b streptococcus of a cluster of genes involved in extracellular polysaccharide production by diverse species of streptococci. | several species of streptococci produce extracellular polysaccharides in the form of secreted exopolysaccharides or cell-associated capsules. although the biological properties and repeating unit structures of these polysaccharides are diverse, sequence analysis of the genes required for their production has revealed a surprising degree of conservation among five genes found in the capsule gene cluster of each of several polysaccharide-producing streptococci. to determine the function of these c ... | 2001 | 11027683 |
| group b streptococcus. prevention of infection in the newborn. | 2001 | 12026655 | |
| [b streptococcus and other pathogenic bacteria colonization in hospitals in the gdańsk metro area]. | a survey of group b streptococcus and other pathogenic bacteria colonization was carried out on 658 neonates in 8 neonatal wards of hospitals in the gdańsk metro area and the district of gdańsk. out of pathogenic bacteria haemophilus and enteric bacteria the most frequently were isolated. the percentage of staphylococcus aureus was relatively low (19.4). the group b streptococcus frequency in throat was established as 3.8% and ranging from 1.7 to 8.8% in particular wards. in two cases group b st ... | 2001 | 11984960 |
| lower genital tract infections among pregnant women: a review. | to determine the prevalence of lower genital tract infections, discuss briefly common maternal foetal complications associated with them and assess the usefulness of diagnostic algorithms in their management among pregnant women in the developing countries. | 2001 | 12219963 |
| a complete audit cycle of intrapartum group b streptococcus prophylaxis. | group b streptococcus (gbs) colonises the intestines of approximately one third of women and can result in intermittent colonisation of the vagina. the principal route of neonatal infection is from the vagina during delivery which can cause morbidity and mortality in the neonate. we recently introduced a protocol of intrapartum prophylaxis based on recognised risk factors. | 2001 | 12664737 |
| susceptibility of zimbabwean streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus; gbs) isolates to four different antibiotics. | to establish the susceptibility of zimbabwean gbs strains isolated from hospitalised patients to four antibiotics. | 2001 | 12808772 |
| vaginal carriage of group b streptococcus in infertile women. | from may, 1999 to april, 2000, 256 high vaginal swabs were culture from asymptomatic infertile women attending the out-patient department of the institute of reproductive medicine. 41 strains of streptococcus agalactiae were isolated from 33 patients (12.89%). five patients had repeated isolations even after adequate therapy. | 2001 | 12561993 |
| wound erysipelas following appendectomy caused by group b beta-hemolytic streptococcus (streptococcus agalactiae). | case description of a patient who developed erysipelas of the surgical wound following appendectomy for acute appendicitis, and literature review of invasive group b streptococcal infections. | 2001 | 12594879 |
| variations in the investigation and management of group b streptococcus in scotland. | this article describes the practice of scottish obstetricians in terms of their investigation and treatment of group b streptococcus (gbs). this was a postal questionnaire survey of all 125 consultant obstetricians in scotland. we recorded indications for testing for gbs, categories of women to whom treatment is given empirically and following confirmed infection, type of antibiotic used, and timing and route of administration. no respondents screened all pregnant women but 97% screened some or ... | 2001 | 12521905 |
| age-dependent presence of antibodies in rat dams, capable of conferring protection against group b streptococcus infection in neonates. | a rat model was used to investigate maternal age-dependent resistance on group b streptococcus (gbs)-induced mortality of the offspring. offspring from young (first time) or older (repeat litters) dams were challenged with gbs. there was an approximate log difference in the dose of gbs required to cause identical levels of mortality in the two groups. the sera of the dams from both groups were analysed by whole-cell elisa, and it was demonstrated that sera from the older dams possessed circulati ... | 2001 | 11506919 |
| differences in innate immunologic response to group b streptococcus between colonized and noncolonized women. | to evaluate the functional capacity of granulocytes and monocytes from pregnant and nonpregnant women in relation to group b streptococcus (gbs) colonization status. | 2001 | 11516060 |