Publications

evidence for antiferromagnetic exchange coupling in the tetranuclear high potential iron-sulfur protein of rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa.		1978	215143
synthesis of photopigments and electron transport components in synchronous phototrophic cultures of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	the kinetics of synthesis and incorporation of the photosynthetic pigments and several of the major oxidative and photosynthetic electron transport components of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides have been studied during synchronous and asynchronous phototrophic growth. the photosynthetic pigments and cytochromes c and b, measured spectroscopically, exhibited continuous patterns of synthesis and incorporation into the membrane particulate fraction in both synchronous and asynchronous cultures. succin ...	1978	201634
regulation of glucose, fructose and sucrose catabolism in rhodopseudomonas capsulata.	regulation of glucose, fructose and sucrose catabolism was studied in rhodopseudomonas capsulata grown under phototrophic conditions. the sequence of preference for the utilization of the sugar substrates was fructose, glucose, sucrose. the presence of a preferred substrate did not completely suppress the utilization of the less preferred. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the key enzyme of glucose and sucrose catabolism, exhibited sigmoidal substrate saturation curves and was inhibited by phos ...	1978	147929
nucleotide translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane in the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas capsulata.		1978	149026
physical parameters and possible regulation of zeta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase.	physical measurements were made on the zeta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase from rhodopseudomonas spheroides. these include a stokes radius of 3.8 nm, determined by gel filtration, and sedimentation coefficient of 5.46 s by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. from these measurements and the value of partial specific volume of 0.732 ml/g determined from the amino acid composition, the following physical constants were calculated: molecular weight, 88000; diffusion coefficient, 5.65 x 10(-7) c ...	1978	153666
lysine as the substrate binding site of porphobilinogen synthase of rhodopseudomonas spheroides.	the 14c labelled inactive protein obtained by sodium borohydride reduction of the enzyme, porphobilinogen synthase of rhodopseudomonas spheroides, in the presence of [4-14c]5-aminolevulinic acid, gave on acid hydrolysis and subsequent electrophoresis or two-dimensional chromatography a major radioactive spot which was confirmed to be n-epsilon-[4-(-5aminovaleric acid)]lysine (ala-lysine) by comparing its co-chromatographic and electrophoretic behaviour with the chemically synthesized ala-lysine. ...	1978	153667
mode of binding of pyridoxal phosphate to 5-aminolevulinate synthase.	5-aminolevulinate synthase of rhodopseudomonas spheroides interacts with its cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate, and shows an absorption maximum at 430 nm with a probable shoulder at 320--330 nm. the enzyme-plp complex absorbing at 430 nm is the predominant species at ph 7.2 and can be reduced by nabh4 at neutral ph with a spectral shift of the absorption maximum to 325 nm. these data suggests the formation of a schiff base rather than a substituted aldimine between the enzyme and pyridoxal phosphate ...	1978	154217
the electrochemical proton gradient generated by light in membrane vesicles and chromatophores from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.		1978	25184
subcellular distribution and several properties of the camp enzyme system of phototrophic bacteria.	in the cells of the phototrophic bacteria rhodospirillum rubrum and rhodopseudomonas palustris the two enzymes of the camp system enzymes - adenylate cyclase and camp phosphodiesterase (pde) exist in a soluble and membrane-bound forms. after mild disruption of the cells (sonication up to 3 min) the activity of both enzymes is found in the chromatophores. in the cells of the two types of bacteria grown under anaerobic conditions soluble adenylate cyclase is predominant. in the cells of r. rubrum ...	1978	26430
affinity chromatography of h+-translocating adenosine triphosphatase isolated by chloroform extraction of rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores. modification of binding affinity by divalent cations and activating anions.	1. atpase isolated from rhodospirillum rubrum by chloroform extraction and purified by gel filtration or affinity chromatography shows three bands (alpha, beta and gamma) upon electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate. 2. ca2+-atpase activity of the preparation is inhibited by aurovertin and efrapeptin but not by oligomycin. activity may be inhibited by treatment with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan and subsequently restored by dithiothreitol. 3. the enzyme fails to reconstitute photophosphorylati ...	1978	27212
equilibrium and disequilibrium in the ubiquinone-cytochrome b-c2 oxidoreductase or rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.		1978	27385
nitrogen assimilation in rhodopseudomonas acidophila.	rhodopseudomonas acidophila strain 7050 assimilated ammonia via a constitutive glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase enzyme system. glutamine synthetase had a km for nh+4 of 0.38 mm whilst the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide linked glutamate synthase had a km for glutamine of 0.55 mm. r. acidophila utilized only a limited range of amino acids as sole nitrogen sources: l-alanine, glutamine and asparagine. the bacterium did not grow on glutamate as sole nitrogen source and lacked glutamate deh ...	1978	31145
response of 9-aminoacridine fluorescence to transmembrane ph-gradients in chromatophores from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.		1978	33044
derepression of nitrogenase activity in glutamine auxotrophs of rhodopseudomonas capsulata.	in contrast to wild-type cells, glutamine auxotrophs of the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas capsulata synthesize nitrogenase, produce h2 (catalyzed by nitrogenase), and continue to reduce dinitrogen to ammonia in the presence of exogenous nh4+. the glutamine synthetase activity of such mutants is less than 2% of that observed in the wild type. it appears that glutamine synthetase plays a significant role in regulation of nitrogenase synthesis in r. capsulata.	1979	35518
factors controlling the binding of two protons per electron transferred through the ubiquinone and cytochrome b/c2 segment of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides chromatophores.	1. on every turnover, 2.0 protons can be bound by the membrane for each single electron moving through the q-b/c2 oxidoreductase. 2. one proton (h+ii) binding reaction is, and one (h+i) is not, sensitive to antimycin. 3. the redox states of electron transfer components other than the proton binding agents can affect both the rate of proton uptake and the apparent pk values on the agents binding the protons. 4. the presence of valinomycin under certain well-defined conditions can strongly influen ...	1979	36140
from extracellular to intracellular: the establishment of mitochondria and chloroplasts.	paracoccus and rhodopseudomonas are unusual among bacteria in having a majority of the biochemical features of mitochondria; blue-green algae have many of the features of chloroplasts. the theory of serial endosymbiosis proposes that a primitive eukaryote successively took up bacteria and blue-green algae to yield mitochondria and chloroplasts respectively. possible characteristics of transitional forms are indicated both by the primitive amoeba, pelomyxa, which lacks mitochondria but contains a ...	1979	36620
spectroscopic and kinetic properties of the transient intermediate acceptor in reaction centers of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	the photoreductive trapping of the transient, intermediate acceptor, i-, in purified reaction centers of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides r-26 was investigated for different external conditions. the optical spectrum of i- was found to be similar to that reported for other systems by shuvalov and klimov ((1976) biochim. biophys. acta 400, 587--599) and tiede et al. (p.m. tiede, r.c. prince, g.h. reed and p.l. dutton (1976) febs lett. 65, 301--304). the optical changes of i- showed characteristics of ...	1979	36906
light-induced, carrier-mediated transport of tetracycline by rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	tetracycline accumulation by the phototrophic bacterium rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides has been studied, using the fluorescence properties of the antibiotic and measuring uptake of [7- 3h]tetracycline. accumulation was carrier mediated, with a km of approximately 300 micronm. efflux also appeared to be carried mediated, with a km of 25 mm. chlorotetracycline competitively inhibited tetracycline transport. the transport was energy dependent. efflux occurred during the influx process, and an energy- ...	1979	37230
effect of surface potential on the intramembrane electrical field measured with carotenoid spectral shift in chromatophores from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	changes in the surface potential, the electrical potential difference between the membrane surface and the bulk aqueous phase were measured with the carotenoid spectral shift which indicates the change of electrical field in the membrane. chromatophores were prepared from a non-sulfur purple bacterium, rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, in a low-salt buffer. surface potential was changed by addition of salt or by ph jump as predicted by the gouy-chapman diffuse double layer theory. when a salf was ad ...	1979	37904
electron and proton transport in the ubiquinone cytochrome b-c2 oxidoreductase of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. patterns of binding and inhibition by antimycin.	the effect of antimycin on the ubiquinone cytochrome b-c2 (q b-c2) oxidoreductase of the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides has been studied under controlled oxidation-reduction potential (eh) conditions by equilibrium measurements and by rapid kinetic analysis of single turnover flash.induced electron and proton translocations. 1. antimycin shifts the alpha-band of ferro b50 (lambda max 560 nm) by 1 to 2 nm toward the red but has no apparent effect on the equilibrium oxidatio ...	1979	38253
effects of l-methionine-dl-sulfoximine and beta-n-oxalyl-l-alpha, beta-diaminopropionic acid on nitrogenase biosynthesis and activity in rhodopseudomonas capsulata.		1979	39556
equilibrium and kinetic measurements of the redox potentials of cytochromes c2 in vitro and in vivo.	the equilibrium oxidation-reduction mipoint potential (em) of isolated rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides cytochrome c2 exhibits a ph-dependent behavior which can be ascribed to a pk on the oxidized form at ph 8.0 (pettigrew et al. (1975) biochim. biophys. acta 430, 197-208). however, as with mammalian cytochrome c (brandt, k.g. parks, p.c., czerlinski, g.h. and hess, g.p. (1966) j. biol. chem. 241, 4180-4185) this pk can more properly be attributed to the combination of a pk beyond ph 11, and a slow ...	1979	39597
the purification of glutamine synthetase from azotobacter and other procaryotes by blue sepharose chromatography.	we report the facile purification of glutamine synthetase (l-glutamate: ammonia ligase (adenosine 5'-diphosphate-forming), ec 6.3.1.2) in both the adenylylated and unadenylylated form, from azotobacter vinelandii atcc 12837. a general affinity column, which used as an affinity ligand reactive blue 2 dye (cibacron blue) covalently linked to agarose, was employed as an efficient first step of purification. further purification to electrophoretic homogeneity employed deae-cellulose chromatography a ...	1979	39606
electron acceptors of bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers. ii. h+ binding coupled to secondary electron transfer in the quinone acceptor complex.	the photoreduction of ubiquinone in the electron acceptor complex (qiqii) of photosynthetic reaction centers from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, r26, was studied in a series of short, saturating flashes. the specific involvement of h+ in the reduction was revealed by the ph dependence of the electron transfer events and by net h+ binding during the formation of ubiquinol, which requires two turnovers of the photochemical act. on the first flash qii receives an electron via qi to form a stable ubi ...	1979	41574
manganese, an essential trace element for n2 fixation by rhodospirillum rubrum and rhodopseudomonas capsulata: role in nitrogenase regulation.	nitrogenase (n(2)ase) from the photosynthetic bacterium rhodospirillum rubrum can exist in two forms, an unregulated form (n(2)ase a) and a regulatory form (n(2)ase r), the latter being identified in vitro by its need for activation by a mn(2+)-dependent n(2)ase activating system. the physiological significance of this mn(2+)-dependent n(2)ase activating system was suggested here by observations that growth of r. rubrum and rhodopseudomonas capsulata on n(2) gas (a condition that produces active ...	1979	42641
assimilatory nitrate reductase of rhodopseudomonas capsulata ad2: a molybdo-hemeprotein.	the assimilatory nitrate reductase of the phototrophic bacterium rhodopseudomonas capsulata strain ad2 was purified to homogeneity by a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation, chromatography on deae-cellulose and isoelectric focusing (isoelectric point of 4.8). the purified enzyme was active only with reduced viologen dyes or reduced flavin as electron donors. contrary to other bacterial assimilatory nitrate reductases, the enzyme was not inhibited by chlorate, but rather accepted this su ...	1979	155948
preparation of the soluble atpase from mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria by the chloroform technique.		1979	156841
orientation of chromatophores and spheroplast-derived membrane vesicles of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides: analysis by localization of enzyme activities.		1979	157720
correlation between atp synthesis and the decay of the arotenoid band shift after single flash activation of chromatophores from rhodopseudomonas capsulata.	atp synthesis and the acceleration of the decay of the carotenoid absorption band shift after single flash excitation of rhodopseudomonas capsulata chromatophores were compared. the two processes behave similarly with respect to: (1) adp and pi concentration; (2) inhibition by efrapeptin and venturicidin, and (3) inhibition by valinomycin/k+ and by ionophores. taken together with earlier evidence for the electrochromic nature of the carotenoid band shift the data support the contention that posi ...	1979	158382
immunochemical analysis of membrane vesicles and chromatophoresis of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides by crossed immunoelectrophoresis.		1979	159833
distribution of thioredoxins in cyanobacteria.	the presence of thioredoxin was demonstrated in 20 strains of cyanobacteria as well as in one phototrophic bacterium rhodopseudomonas sulfidophila and in thiobacillus denitrificans. thioredoxin activity was not found in cyanophora paradoxa and in porphyridium cruentum using the thioredoxin-dependent paps-sulfotransferase activity from synechococcus 6301 as assay system.	1979	161845
the stimulation of photophosphorylation and atpase by artificial redox mediators in chromatophores of rhodopseudomonas capsulata at different redox potentials.	(1) inhibition of cyclic phosphorylation in chromatophores of rhodopseudomonas capsulata by antimycin a can be fully reversed by artificial redox mediators, provided the ambient redox potential is maintained around 200 mv. the redox mediator need not be a hydrogen carrier in its reduced form, n-methyl-phenazonium methosulfate and n,n,n',n'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine being equally effective. however, the mediator needs to be lipophilic. endogenous cyclic phosphorylation is fastest around 130 ...	1979	162342
electrogenic events in the ubiquinone-cytochrome b/c2 oxidoreductase of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	the reductant of ferricytochrome c2 in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides is a component, z, which has an equilibrium oxidation-reduction reaction involving two electrons and two protons with a midpoint potential of 155 mv at ph 7. under energy coupled conditions, the reduction of ferricytochrome c2 by zh2 is obligatorily coupled to an apparently electrogenic reaction which is monitored by a red shift of the endogeneous carotenoids. both ferricytochrome c2 reduction and the associated carotenoid bands ...	1979	216398
the kinetics of flash-induced electron flow in bacteriochlorophyll-less membranes of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides reconstituted with reaction centres.		1979	216400
growth of the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas capsulata chemoautotrophically in darkness with h2 as the energy source.	the phototrophic bacterium rhodopseudomonas capsulata was found to be capable of growing chemoautotrophically under aerobic conditions in darkness. growth was strictly dependent on the presence of h2 as the source of energy and reducing power, o2 as the terminal electron acceptor for energy transduction, and co2 as the sole carbon source; under optimal conditions the generation time was about 6 h. chemoautotrophically grown cells showed a relatively high content of bacteriochlorophyll a and intr ...	1979	216663
localization of the primary quinone binding site in reaction centers from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides r-26 by photoaffinity labeling.		1979	223628
comparison of permeant ion uptake and carotenoid band shift as methods for determining the membrane potential in chromatophores from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides ga.	1. a comparison was made of two methods for estimating the membrane potential in chromatophores from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides ga. illuminated chromatophores generated a potential that is apparently much larger when estimated on the basis of the red-band shift of carotenoids rather than from the extent of uptake of the permeant scn- ion. 2. in contrast, when the chromatophores were oxidizing nadh or succinate the uptake of scn- indicated a larger membrane potential than was estimated from the ...	1979	226068
kinetic factors limiting the synthesis of atp by chromatophores exposed to short flash excitation.	atp synthesis was measured after chromatophores from rhodopseudomonas capsulata had been subjected to illumination by single turnover flashes fired at variable frequencies. three processes were examined, which under different conditions can limit the net yield of atp. (1) a process with an apparent relaxation time of 10-20 ms. this reaction probably limits the rate of atp synthesis in continuous illumination. it has similar time dependence to the stimulation of the carotenoid shift decay by adp ...	1979	226128
the orientation of the primary donor in bacterial photosynthesis.	the triplet state epr spectra of magnetically aligned whole cells of rhodopseudomonas viridis and rhodopseudomonas palustris display a marked dependence on the orientation of the static epr field with respect to the alignment field direction. this observation implies that the primary donor species on which the triplets are localized are ordered within the membranes. we have developed a theoretical model for the system to enable calculation of the orientation of the magnetic axes of the primary d ...	1979	226129
magnetophotoselection of the triplet state of reaction centers from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides r-26.	reaction centers of the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides r-26, give rise to large triplet state epr signals upon illumination at low temperature (11 k). utilizing monochromatic polarized light to generate the epr spectra (magnetophotoselection) we have shown that the intensities of the observed triplet signals are strongly dependent upon the wavelength and polarization direction of the excitation. these data can be used to calculate the orientations of the excited transition ...	1979	226130
microsecond photooxidation kinetics of cytochrome c2 from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides: in vivo and solution studies.		1979	226405
[electron acceptors in photosynthetic reaction centers from rhodopseudomonas spheroides].	using optical differential spectroscopy and epr, a parallel study of light-induced electron transfer between the primary (x1) and secondary (x2) quinone-like acceptors in the preparations of reaction centers (rc) isolated from bacterial chromatophore membranes with sodium dodecyl sulfate was carried out. the data from direct measurements of the rate constant temperature dependence for the interaction between light-reduced x1 and x2 (kx1x2) are in good agreement with the data calculated from the ...	1979	227482
the recognition of a special ubiquinone functionally central in the ubiquinone-cytochrome b-c2 oxidoreductase.	although the energy conserving membranes of the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides contain a 25 (+/- 3)-fold molar excess of ubiquinone over the photochemical reaction center, the activity of the ubiquinone-cytochrome b-c2 oxidoreductase is unaffected by quinone extraction until only 3, or at most 4, ubiquinones remain; only then does further extraction prevent the function of the oxidoreductase. since 2 of these last ubiquinones are integral parts of the photochemical reactio ...	1979	227864
[possible pathways for acetyl-coa formation by purple bacteria].	purple sulfur (ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii, chromatium minutissimum, lamprobacter modestohalophilus, thiocapsa roseopersicina) and nonsulfur (rhodospirillum rubrum, rhodopseudomonas palustris, rhodopseudomonas spheroides) bacteria are capable of forming acetyl-coa synthetase, phosphotransacetylase and acetokinase independent of the medium composition and growth conditions. in all of the purple sulfur bacteria with an exception of e. shaposhnikovii, the activity of acetokinase is much highe ...	1979	228168
electron-paramagnetic-resonance measurements of the electron-transfer components of the reaction centre of rhodopseudomonas viridis. oxidation--reduction potentials and interactions of the electron acceptors.	oxidation-reduction potentiometry was carried out on rhodopseudomonas viridis chromatophores. measurements of e.p.r. signals of the semiquinone-iron type at g=1.82 have revealed a more complex situation than previously reported. the presence of three different components is indicated. the midpoint potential (e(m)) of the primary acceptor quinone/semiquinone couple was found to be approx. -165mv at ph10, with a pk being reached at around ph7.5. the primary acceptor also accepts a second electron ...	1979	228655
transfer of light-induced electron-spin polarization from the intermediary acceptor to the prereduced primary acceptor in the reaction center of photosynthetic bacteria.	in reaction centers and chromatophores of photosynthetic bacteria strong light-induced emissive esr signals have been found, not only after a flash but also under continuous illumination. the signal, with g = 2.0048 and delta hpp = 7.6 g, is only present under reducing conditions in material in which the primary acceptor, ubiquinone, u and its associated high-spin ferrous ion are magnetically uncoupled. its amplitude under continuous illumination is strongly dependent on light intensity and on m ...	1979	228714
structural aspects of the dye-linked alcohol dehydrogenase of rhodopseudomonas acidophila.	1. a dye-linked alcohol dehydrogenase was purified 60-fold from extracts of rhodopseudomonas acidophila 10050 grown aerobically on ethanol. 2. the properties of this enzyme were identical with those of the alcohol dehydrogenase synthesized by this organism during growth on methanol anaerobically in the light, and they are judged to be the same enzyme. 3. the enzyme gave a single protein band, coincident with alcohol dehydrogenase activity, during electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel. 4. the ami ...	1979	229820
occurence of thioredoxin m activity in the photosynthetic bacteria rhodopseudomonas capsulata.		1979	230843
activation of ala synthetase by reduced thioredoxin in rhodopseudomonas spheroides y.		1979	109312
[use of urea by purple bacteria].	strains of purple sulfur bacteria (chromatium minutissimum, ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii, thiocapsa roseopersicina, lamprobacter modestohalophilus) and nonsulfur bacteria (rhodopseudomonas palustris, rh. spheroides, rhodospirillum rubrum) grow in media containing urea as a source of nitrogen at concentrations from 0.5 to 5.0%. they can also utilize the carbon of urea and thus grow in the absence of bicarbonate. urea is decomposed by all the studied purple bacteria with the participation of ...	1979	112359
photoreaction center of photosynthetic bacteria. 2. size and quaternary structure of the photoreaction centers from rhodospirillum rubrum strain g9 and from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides strain 2.4.1.	the photoreaction center from rhodospirillum rubrum strain g9 binds about 6 times as much sodium dodecyl sulfate as certain proteins commonly used as molecular weight markers for sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. this presumably explains the apparent discrepancy between the molecular weight of the photoreaction center determined by electrophoresis (76 000) and its minimal molecular weight (87 000). the molecular weight of the photoreaction center solubilized with triton ...	1979	114213
lipopolysaccharides of photosynthetic prokaryotes.		1979	115382
changes in the acyl lipid composition of photosynthetic bacteria grown under photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic conditions.	the acyl lipids and their constituent fatty acids were studied in the photosynthetic bacteria rhodospirillum rubrum, rhodopseudomonas capsulata and rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, which were grown under photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic conditions. the major lipids were found to be phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin in each bacterium. the two rhodopseudomonas species also contained significant quantities of phosphatidylcholine. other acyl lipids accounted for less t ...	1979	115463
two regimens of electrogenic cyclic redox chain operation in chromatophores of non-sulfur purple bacteria. a study using antimycin a.	antimycin a causes a biphasic suppression of the light-induced membrane potential generation in rhodospirillum rubrum and rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides chromatophores incubated anerobically. the first phase is observed at low antibiotic concentrations and is apparently due to its action as a cyclic electron transfer inhibitor. the second phase is manifested at concentrations which are greater than 1--2 mum and is due to uncoupling that may be connected with an antibiotic-induced dissipation of th ...	1979	116681
tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from 4,5-dioxovaleric acid in rhodopseudomonas spheroides.	prophyrin biosynthesis from 4,5-dioxovaleric acid was studied in cell suspensions of r. spheroides. the experiments show that 4,5-dioxovaleric acid is a far precursor of porphyrins through delta amino laevulinic acid formation in a transmination reaction involving also l-alanine. it differs radically from the classical delta aminolaevulinic acid synthesis using glycine and succinyl coa as substrates.	1979	421821
the size and number of intramembrane particles in cells of the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas capsulata studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy.	by freeze-fracture electron microscopy, particles have been observed on the protoplasmic leaflet (pf face) of cytoplasmic and intracytoplasmic membranes of the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas capsulata. the particles are present under all culture conditions of chemotrophically and phototrophically grown cells. however, the number of particles per microm2 increased significantly when the formation of the photosynthetic apparatus in the membrane is induced. intracytoplasmic membranes, wh ...	1979	428618
the formation of homospermidine by an enzyme from rhodopseudomonas viridis [proceedings].		1979	437275
modifiable chromatophore proteins in photosynthetic bacteria.	the chromatophores of chromatium vinosum, as well as six other photosynthetic bacteria, contained two or more proteins which were insoluble when heated in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) and 2-mercaptoethanol (beta-me). when the chromatophores were dissolved at room temperature in sds-beta-me, these proteins were present in the sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles, but when the samples were dissolved at 100 degrees c, they were absent or considerably diminished. when one- ...	1979	438130
secondary electron transfer in chromatophores of rhodopseudomonas capsulata a1a pho. binary out-of-phase oscillations in ubisemiauinone formation and cytochrome b50 reduction with consective light flashes.		1979	446736
response of rhodopseudomonas capsulata to illumination and growth rate in a light-limited continuous culture.	rhodopseudomonas capsulata was grown under anaerobic, photosynthetic conditions in a continuous culture device. under light limitation, at a constant dilution rate, it was shown that cell composition, including photopigment (bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoids) and ribonucleic acid content, was not affected by incident light intensity; however, steady state culture density varied directly and linearly with light intensity. on the other hand, photopigment and ribonucleic acid levels were affected ...	1979	457612
[effect of formate on the respiration of different microorganisms].	the cells of methylotrophic bacteria (achromobacter parvulus 1, pseudomonas methylica 2 and 20, ps. fluorescens 45, ps. oleovorans 52) and candida methylica 101 grown in a medium with methanol take up oxygen in the presence of formiate. a. parvulus is most resistant to formiate (km = 2.3 +/- 0.5) x 10(-3) m; ki = 4 x 10(-1) m). when grown on cn substrates, these microorganisms cannot oxidize formiate (with an exception of a. parvulus). formiate also serves as a respiration substrate for e. coli ...	1979	481274
effects of light intensity on membrane differentiation in rhodopseudomonas capsulata.	cells of rhodopseudomonas capsulata, strain 37b4, leu-, precultivated anaerobically under low light intensity, were exposed to high light intensity (2000 w.m-2). the cells grew with a mass doubling time of 3 h. the synthesis of bacteriochlorophyll (bchl) began after two doublings of cell mass. reaction center and light-harvesting bchl i (b-875) were the main constituents of the photosynthetic apparatus incorporated into the membrane. the size of the photosynthetic unit (total bchl/reaction cente ...	1979	486432
characterization of the gene transfer agent made by an overproducer mutant of rhodopseudomonas capsulata.		1979	490646
phosphorylation coupled to h2 oxidation by chromatophores from rhodopseudomonas capsulata.		1979	499500
on the calibration of the carotenoid band shift with diffusion potentials.		1979	499529
effect of growth condition on enzymes of the citric acid cycle and the glyoxylate cycle in the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas palustris.	the enzymes of the citric acid and glyoxylate cycles as well as rubp4 carboxylase were measured in cell-free extracts from rhodopseudomonas palustris after growth under chemoheterotrophic, photoheterotrophic and photolithotrophic conditions. although the citric acid cycle was found to be complete under all growth conditions, significant differences in certain enzyme activities occurred as a function of the different energy sources applied. the glyoxylate cycle also was complete under all growth ...	1979	552814
phospholipid composition of photosynthetic membranes of rhodopseudomonas capsulata.	the phospholipids and the fatty acids present in membranes of cells of rhodopseudomonas capsulata, grown photosynthetically in anaerobiosis, were analyzed by thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the three phospholipids detected, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol, contained about 80% of a single monounsaturated c18 fatty acid, cis-vaccenic acid. these membranes offer therefore a naturally occurring model system endowed with an ex ...	1979	553902
membranes of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. vi. isolation of a fraction enriched in newly synthesized bacteriochlorophyll alpha-protein complexes.	radioactivity eventually destined for the chromatophore membrane of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides was shown in pulse-chase studies to appear first in a distinct pigmented fraction. the material formed an upper pigmented band which sedimented more slowly than chromatophores when cell-free extracts were subjected directly to rate-zone sedimentation on sucrose density gradients. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the purified fraction contained polypeptide bands ...	1979	314307
glutamine as a feedback inhibitor of the rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides nitrogenase system.	in whole cells of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, nitrogen fixation, as measured by hydrogen production and acetylene reduction, was totally inhibited by micromolar concentrations of ammonia. this inhibition could not be duplicated by glutamate or glutamine alone. the inhibition by ammonia was abolished by methionine sulfoximine, a glutamine synthetase inhibitor. inhibition by glutamine was complete in the presence of methionine sulfone, a preferential inhibitor of glutamate synthase, presumably b ...	1979	314444
crossed immunoelectrophoretic analysis of chromatophore membranes from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	triton extracts of intracytoplasmic photosynthetic membranes (chromatophores) purified from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides were subjected to crossed immunoelectrophoresis with antiserum raised in rabbits to purified chromatophores. a total of 31 immunoprecipitates was visualized; 2 of the immunoprecipitates were identified as reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (ec 1.6.99.3) and l-lactate dehydrogenases by enzyme staining techniques. reaction with a monospecific antiserum identified the phot ...	1979	314445
on the nature of the activating enzyme of the inactive form of delta-aminolevulinate synthetase in rhodopseudomonas spheroides.	the activating enzyme of the inactive form of fraction i of delta-aminolevulinate (ala) synthetase [ec 2.3.1.37] in rhodopseudomonas (r.) spheroides was purified about 1,000-fold from an extract of r. spheroides cells grown anaerobically in the light. the purification of the activating enzyme was achieved by fractionating the 100,000 x g supernatant fraction of the crude extract with ammonium sulfate and acetone, followed by sephadex g-200 chromatography, pyridoxamine phosphate-sepharose 4b chro ...	1979	314447
occurrence of a novel high molecular weight activator of delta-aminolevulinate synthetase in rhodopseudomonas spheroides.		1979	314448
the resonance raman spectrum of carotenoids as an intrinsic probe for membrane potential. oscillatory changes in the spectrum of neurosporene in the chromatophores of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	the resonance raman spectrum of the carotenoid neurosporene is shown to be a sensitive monitor of absorption shifts, and thus changes in membrane potential, in chromatophores of the glc mutant of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. for a raman excitation wavelength at 472.7 nm, the intensities of the two most prominent resonance raman features (v1 and v2) respond very differently to small shifts in the absorption maxima. thus, the ratio intensity v1/intensity v2 is a sensitive probe for absorption shi ...	1979	314816
[polarization of photosynthetic membranes and reaction centers of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides 1760-1 in an external electrical field].	electric fields as high as 10(5) v/cm cause polarization of chromatophores and reaction centre films prepared from photosynthesizing bacteria. photosynthetic pigments, carotenoids in particular, the absorption spectra of which are changed in response to electric fields, may serve as an intrinsic indicator of the development of a polarized state. polarization occurs due to changes in orientation and spacial position of different charge groups and particles. the field-induced polarized state can b ...	1979	314820
energy transduction in membranes of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides [proceedings].		1979	315206
fluorescence yield properties of a fraction enriched in newly synthesized bacteriochlorophyll a-protein complexes from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.		1979	315566
membranes of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. vii. photochemical properties of a fraction enriched in newly synthesized bacteriochlorophyll a-protein complexes.	previous pulse-chase studies have shown that bacteriochlorophyll a-protein complexes destined eventually for the photosynthetic (chromatophore) membrane of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides appear first in a distinct pigmented fraction. this rapidly labeled material forms an upper band when extracts of phototrophically grown cells are subjected directly to rate-zone sedimentation. in the present investigation, flash-induced absorbance changes at 605 nm have demonstrated that the upper fraction is enr ...	1979	315795
structural studies on reconstituted reaction center-phosphatidylcholine membranes.	reaction center protein, isolated from the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides r26 mutant, was incorporated into phosphatidylcholine bilayers forming a homogeneous population of unilamellar vesicles. cytochrome c, added to preformed reaction center-phosphatidylcholine vesicles, rapidly reduced up to 90% of the laser-generated (bchl)2+ of the reaction center (with kinetics of electron transfer similar to those in the chromatophore membrane) which suggests that the portion of the ...	1979	315796
the reconstitution of energy transfer in membranes from a bacteriochlorophyll-less mutant of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides by addition of light-harvesting and reaction centre pigment-protein complexes.	antenna and reaction centre complexes purified from photosynthetically-grown cells of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides have been mixed with cytoplasmic membranes prepared from an aerobically-grown bacteriochlorophyll-less mutant of rp. sphaeroides (designated 01) in the presence of 1% sodium cholate. after removal of the cholate by dislysis, the dislysate was subjected to isopycnic centrifugation. reconstituted cytochrome c2 photooxidation and cytochrome b photoreduction was demonstrated in a pigmen ...	1979	315797
activation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides: probable role of the small subunit.	the activation properties of the form i and form ii ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylases from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides were examined. both enzymes have a requirement of mg2+ for optimal activity. mn2+, ni2+, and co2+ can also support activity of the form i enzyme, whereas only mn2+ can substitute for mg2+ with the form ii enzyme. the effect of different preincubations on the carboxylase reaction was also examined. both enzymes exhibited a lag when preincubated with other than mg2+ and co2 ...	1979	316430
bacteriochlorophyll a-types in chromatophore and subchromatophore preparations from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	comparison of absorption and circular dichroism (cd) spectra in the near infrared region was made with chromatophore and subchromatophore preparations obtained from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. the 850 nm absorption band had a positive correlation with the 850 nm and 870 nm cd bands. the 800 nm and 870 nm absorption bands seemed not to correlate with any cd bands. lipid contents in chromatophores and subchromatophores were measured. lipids in membranes seemed to contribute to the appearance of ...	1979	316431
photochemical reactions centre of photosynthetic bacteria.		1979	317049
linear dichroism and the orientation of reaction centers of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides in dried gelatin films.	aqueous mixtures of reaction centers of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and gelatin were dried to form thin films. following hydration, these films were stretched as much as two to three times their original length. polarized absorption spectra showing linear dichroism were obtained for both unstretched and stretched films, with the planes and stretching axes of the films mounted in various geometries relative to the electric vector of the measuring beam. these data were analyzed in terms of the fo ...	1979	310318
the orientations of transition moments in reaction centers of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, computed from data of linear dichroism and photoselection measurements.	linear dichroism measurements of reaction centers of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides in stretched gelatin films have yielded angles that various optical transition moments make with an axis of symmetry in the reaction center. photoselection experiments have yielded angles that certain transition moments make with each other. we have combined these data so as to compute the orientations of the qx and qy transition moments of the two molecules of bacteriopheophytin and of the bacteriochlorophyll spec ...	1979	310319
the incorporation of reaction centres into membranes from a bacteriochlorophyll-less mutant of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	reaction centres purified from a blue-green mutant r-26 of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides can be incorporated into bacteriochlorophyll-less membranes purified from an aerobically-grown bacteriochlorophyll-less mutant 01 of r. sphaeroides. this can be accomplished by raising the temperature of the mixture or by addition of the detergent sodium cholate and its subsequent removal by dilution or dialysis. optimum conditions for the reconstitution are at 4 degrees c in the presence of 1% cholate and so ...	1979	310690
intermembrane phospholipid transfer mediated by cell-free extracts of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	the transfer of phospholipids between two membrane substrates catalyzed by a soluble protein fraction from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides has been demonstrated. the assay employs purified intracytoplasmic membrane (icm) vesicles derived from cells of r. sphaeroides grown on [3h]acetate as the phospholipid donor substrate and phosphatidylcholine (70%)/phosphatidylethanolamine (30%) unilamellar liposomes containing [14c]triolein, a nontransferable marker, as the acceptor substrate for transferred ph ...	1979	310818
the relationship of intracytoplasmic membrane assembly to the cell division cycle in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.		1979	311360
the physical state of the intracytoplasmic membrane of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and its relationship to the cell division cycle.		1979	311361
the involvement of iron and ubiquinone in electron transfer reactions mediated by reaction centers from photosynthetic bacteria.	reaction centers from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides strain r-26 were prepared with varying fe and ubiquinone (q) contents. the photooxidation of p-870 to p-870+ was found to occur with the same quantum yield in fe-depleted reaction centers as in control samples. the kinetics of electron transfer from the initial electron acceptor (i) to q also were unchanged upon fe removal. we conclude that fe has no measurable role in the primary photochemical reaction. the extent of secondary reaction from the ...	1979	311656
control of 5-aminolaevulinate synthetase activity in rhodopseudomonas spheroides. purification and properties of the high-activity form of the enzyme.	1. the high-activity form of aminolaevulinate synthetase has been prepared from extracts of semi-anaerobically grown cells of rhodopseudomonas spheroides, which were allowed to become activated in air. specific activity was 130 000--170 000 nmol of aminolaevulinate/h per mg of protein at 37 degree c. 2. enzyme fraction ia prepared on deae-sephadex was a mixture of four active enzymes, pi5.55, 5.45, 5.35 and 5.2, when prepared in either tris or phosphate buffers and when extracts were activated b ...	1979	312101
control of 5-aminolaevulinate synthetase activity in rhodopseudomonas spheroides. binding of pyridoxal phosphate to 5-aminolaevulinate synthetase.	1. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is a cofactor essential for the enzymic activity of aminolaevulinate synthetase from rhodopseudomonas spheroides. it also aids activation of the low-activity enzyme by trisulphides such as cystine trisulphide, whereas inactivation of enzyme is facilitated by its absence. 2. the fluorescence spectrum of purified high-activity enzyme is that expected for a pyridoxal phosphate--schiff base, but the firmly bound cofactor does not appear to be at the active centre. in dilute ...	1979	312102
time-resolved magnetic field effect on triplet formation in photosynthetic reaction centers of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides r-26.		1979	312214
the subunit structure of the b800-850 light-harvesting pigment protein complex from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides strain 2.4.1 [proceedings].		1979	312220
hydrogen formation in nearly stoichiometric amounts from glucose by a rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides mutant.	rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides produces molecular h2 and co2 from reduced organic compounds which serve as electron sources and from light which provides energy in the form of adenosine 5'-triphosphate. this process is mediated by a nitrogenase enzyme. a mutant has been found that, unlike the wild type, will quantitatively convert glucose to h2 and co2. techniques for isolating other strains capable of utilizing other unusual electron sources are presented. metabolism of glucose by the wild-type s ...	1979	312286
characterization of a site-specific restriction endonuclease from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	a type ii restriction endonuclease, rshi, has been partially purified from photoheterotrophically grown rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides strain 2.4.1. the enzyme preparation, after a single de-52 column fractionation, is free of 5' exonuclease and phosphatase activities but contains a trace of 3' exonuclease activity. based upon deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) sequencing data in the vicinity of the enzyme-promoted cleavage of pbr322 dna, we have concluded that rshi probably recognizes the palinodromic h ...	1979	312287
transport of local anaesthetics across chromatophore membranes.	1. both simple amines and tertiary amino local anaesthetics give rise to an accelerated decay of the absorption change of added ph indicator dyes and a decelerated decay of the endogenous carotenoid absorption band shift, following short flash excitation of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides chromatophores. 2. with increasing medium ph, lower concentrations of amine or local anaesthetics are effective. 3. the order of potency of the local anaesthetics concurs with their reported membrane/buffer partit ...	1979	312654
orientation and linear dichroism of the reaction centers from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides r-26.	linear dicroism of chromatophores and isolated reaction centers from the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides strain r-26 was studied using a novel technique of orientation. the results are discussed in view of the reaction center structure and its position in the membrane. the advantages of the new orientation technique are also outlined.	1979	312655
linear dichroism of light harvesting bacteriochlorophyll proteins from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides in stretched polyvinyl alcohol films.	light-harvesting bacteriochlorophyll-protein complexes from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides 2.4.1 and r-26 mutant are solubilized in sodium dodecyl sulfate and imbedded in polyvinyl alcohol. stretching induces orientation, and the linear dichroism of visible and near infrared absorption is analyzed. based on a simple model, angles between the particle axis and the transition dipole moments are found. in the near infrared absorption band of the r-26 light-harvesting protein the dichroic ratio varies ...	1979	312656
the orientations of reaction center transition moments in the chromatophore membrane of rhodopseudomonas sphareroides, bases on new linear dichroism and photoselection measurements.	chromatophore membranes from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides were oriented by drying suspensions on the surfaces of glass slides, polarized spectra of light-induced absorption changes were obtained between 500 and 1000 nm. as observed earlier, these spectra showed negative bands, reflecting photooxidation of the bacteriochlorophyll 'special pair' in the reaction centers, centered near 870, 810, 630 and 600 nm. these bands have been designated by1, by2, bx1 and bx2, respectively, corresponding to tw ...	1979	312657
bacteriocholorophyll a cation radical in solution and in reaction centers of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. resonance raman scattering.	resonance raman spectra of the pi-cation of bacterio-chlorophyll a in solution at 30 k are reported and discussed. outer (formula: see text) bonds of the pyrroles and the methine bridges are weakened by the ionization, while (formula: see text) and mg-n bonds remain essentially unaffected. resonance raman spectra of reaction centers suggest that the positive charge on p-870+ should be localized on a single bacteriochlorophyll molecule by the lifetime of the scattering process (approximately 10(- ...	1979	312659