Publications

rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei by latex agglutination based on an exopolysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibody.	we recently identified a constitutively expressed exopolysaccharide of burkholderia pseudomallei which is composed of a unique linear tetrasaccharide repeating unit consisting of three galactose residues and one 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid residue. in this study we developed a latex agglutination test based on monoclonal antibody 3015, which is specific for this exopolysaccharide, and evaluated this test for rapid identification of b. pseudomallei grown on agar plates. all 74 environmenta ...	1999	9854098
discrimination of burkholderia multivorans and burkholderia vietnamiensis from burkholderia cepacia genomovars i, iii, and iv by pcr.	we present a pcr procedure for identification of burkholderia cepacia, burkholderia multivorans, and burkholderia vietnamiensis. 16s and 23s ribosomal dnas (rdnas) of b. multivorans and b. vietnamiensis were sequenced and aligned with published sequences for definition of species-specific 18-mer oligonucleotide primers. specific antisense 16s rdna primers (for b. cepacia, 5'-agc act ccc rcc tct cag-3'; for b. multivorans, 5'-agc act ccc gaa tct ctt-3') and 23s rdna primers (for b. vietnamiensis, ...	1999	10203482
detection of small numbers of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli cells in environmental water, sewage, and food samples by a seminested pcr assay.	a rapid and sensitive assay was developed for detection of small numbers of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli cells in environmental water, sewage, and food samples. water and sewage samples were filtered, and the filters were enriched overnight in a nonselective medium. the enrichment cultures were prepared for pcr by a rapid and simple procedure consisting of centrifugation, proteinase k treatment, and boiling. a seminested pcr based on specific amplification of the intergenic sequen ...	1999	10103261
in vitro antibacterial properties of pexiganan, an analog of magainin.	pexiganan, a 22-amino-acid antimicrobial peptide, is an analog of the magainin peptides isolated from the skin of the african clawed frog. pexiganan exhibited in vitro broad-spectrum antibacterial activity when it was tested against 3,109 clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative, anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. the pexiganan mic at which 90% of isolates are inhibited (mic90) was 32 micrograms/ml or less for staphylococcus spp., streptococcus spp., enterococcus faecium, corynebacteriu ...	1999	10103181
structure of in31, a blaimp-containing pseudomonas aeruginosa integron phyletically related to in5, which carries an unusual array of gene cassettes.	the location and environment of the acquired blaimp gene, which encodes the imp-1 metallo-beta-lactamase, were investigated in a japanese pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate (isolate 101/1477) that produced the enzyme. in this isolate, blaimp was carried on a 36-kb plasmid, and similar to the identical alleles found in serratia marcescens and klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates, it was located on a mobile gene cassette inserted into an integron. the entire structure of this integron, nam ...	1999	10103196
in vitro activities of aminomethyl-substituted analogs of novel tetrahydrofuranyl carbapenems.	cl 188,624, cl 190,294, and cl 191,121 are novel aminomethyl tetrahydrofuranyl (thf)-1 beta-methylcarbapenems. the in vitro antibacterial activities of these thf carbapenems were evaluated and compared with those of biapenem, imipenem, and meropenem against 554 recent clinical isolates obtained from geographically distinct medical centers across north america. the antibacterial activities of the thf carbapenems were equivalent to that of biapenem, and the thf carbapenems were slightly more activ ...	1999	10049250
in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of a novel glycylcycline, the 9-t-butylglycylamido derivative of minocycline (gar-936).	the 9-t-butylglycylamido derivative of minocycline (tbg-mino) is a recently synthesized member of a novel group of antibiotics, the glycylcyclines. this new derivative, like the first glycylcyclines, the n,n-dimethylglycylamido derivative of minocycline and 6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline, possesses activity against bacterial isolates containing the two major determinants responsible for tetracycline resistance: ribosomal protection and active efflux. the in vitro activities of tbg-mino and the c ...	1999	10103174
surface motility of serratia liquefaciens mg1.		1999	10074060
identification and characterization of is2404 and is2606: two distinct repeated sequences for detection of mycobacterium ulcerans by pcr.	molecular analysis of mycobacterium ulcerans has revealed two new insertion sequences (iss), is2404 and is2606. is2404 was identified by complete sequencing of a previously described repetitive dna segment from m. ulcerans. this element is 1,274 bp long, contains 12-bp inverted repeats and a single open reading frame (orf) potentially encoding a protein of 327 amino acids (aa), and apparently generates 7-bp direct repeats upon transposition. amino acid similarity was found between the putative t ...	1999	10074520
analysis of the type 1 pilin gene cluster fim in salmonella: its distinct evolutionary histories in the 5' and 3' regions.	the type 1 pilin encoded by fim is present in both escherichia coli and salmonella natural isolates, but several lines of evidence indicate that similarities at the fim locus may be an example of independent acquisition rather than common ancestry. for example, the fim gene cluster is found at different chromosomal locations and with distinct gene orders in these closely related species. in this work we examined the fim gene cluster of salmonella, the genes of which show high nucleotide sequence ...	1999	9973358
comparison of chromagar salmonella medium and hektoen enteric agar for isolation of salmonellae from stool samples.	chromagar salmonella (cas), a new chromogenic medium, was retrospectively compared to hektoen enteric agar (hea) with 501 salmonella stock isolates and was then prospectively compared to hea for the detection and presumptive identification of salmonella spp. with 508 stool samples before and after enrichment. all stock cultures (100%), including cultures of h2s-negative isolates, yielded typical mauve colonies on cas, while 497 (99%) isolates produced typical lactose-negative, black-centered col ...	1999	9986847
abc medium, a new chromogenic agar for selective isolation of salmonella spp.	we describe a new chromogenic agar medium, abc medium (alphabeta-chromogenic medium), which includes two substrates, 3, 4-cyclohexenoesculetin-beta-d-galactoside and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-alpha-d-galactopyranoside, to facilitate the selective isolation of salmonella spp. this medium exploits the fact that salmonella spp. may be distinguished from other members of the family enterobacteriaceae by the presence of alpha-galactosidase activity in the absence of beta-galactosidase activity. a to ...	1999	9986848
the spi-3 pathogenicity island of salmonella enterica.	pathogenicity islands are chromosomal clusters of pathogen-specific virulence genes often found at trna loci. we have determined the molecular genetic structure of spi-3, a 17-kb pathogenicity island located at the selc trna locus of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. the g+c content of spi-3 (47.5%) differs from that of the salmonella genome (52%), consistent with the notion that these sequences have been horizontally acquired. spi-3 harbors 10 open reading frames organized in six transcr ...	1999	9922266
a novel chromogenic ester agar medium for detection of salmonellae.	a novel agar medium, chromogenic salmonella esterase (cse) agar, for the differentiation of salmonellae is described. the agar contains peptones and nutrient extracts together with the following (grams per liter unless otherwise specified): 4-[2-(4-octanoyloxy-3, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-vinyl]-quinolinium-1-(propan-3-yl carboxylic acid) bromide (slpa-octanoate; bromide form), 0.3223; lactose, 14. 65; trisodium citrate dihydrate, 0.5; tween 20, 3.0; ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate, 0.035% (wt/vol), novo ...	1999	9925620
use of a monoclonal antibody against an escherichia coli o26 surface protein for detection of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic strains.	a monoclonal antibody (mab) was obtained from a mouse immunized with solubilized outer membrane proteins extracted from a bovine enterohemorrhagic strain of escherichia coli (ehec), o26. the mab produced a strong immunoblot reaction at approximately 21 kda for an o26 strain containing the intimin gene (eae) and verocytotoxin (vt), but not with an o26 eae- and vt-negative strain, or o157 eae- and vt-positive strains. the mab was used in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) format ...	1999	10391872
transposition of the endogenous insertion sequence element is1126 modulates gingipain expression in porphyromonas gingivalis.	we have previously reported on a tn4351-generated mutant of porphyromonas gingivalis (msm-3) which expresses enhanced arginine-specific proteinase activity and does not utilize hemin or hemoglobin for growth (c. a. genco et al., infect. immun. 63:2459-2466, 1995). in the process of characterizing the genetic lesion in p. gingivalis msm-3, we have determined that the endogenous p. gingivalis insertion sequence element is1126 is capable of transposition within p. gingivalis. we have also determine ...	1999	10496872
sequence of the mir-1 beta-lactamase gene.	the complete nucleotide sequence of the plasmid-mediated mir-1 beta-lactamase gene confirms its relationship to chromosomally located ampc genes of enterobacter cloacae. blamir-1 is not part of a typical gene cassette but does lie near an element that could be involved in its capture on a plasmid.	1999	10390237
in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities of t-3811me, a novel des-f(6)-quinolone.	the in vitro and in vivo activities of t-3811me, a novel des-f(6)-quinolone, were evaluated in comparison with those of some fluoroquinolones, including a newly developed one, trovafloxacin. t-3811, a free base of t-3811me, showed a wide range of antimicrobial spectra, including activities against chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and mycobacterium tuberculosis. in particular, t-3811 exhibited potent activity against various gram-positive cocci, with mics at which 90% of the isolates ...	1999	10223917
negative regulation of the pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane porin oprd selective for imipenem and basic amino acids.	pseudomonas aeruginosa oprd is a specific porin which facilitates the uptake of basic amino acids and imipenem, a carbapenem antibiotic. resistance to imipenem due to the loss of oprd is an important mechanism for the loss of clinical effectiveness. to investigate the negative regulatory mechanisms influencing oprd expression, a gene upstream of the coregulated mexef-oprn efflux operon, designated mext, was cloned. the predicted 304-amino-acid mature mext protein showed strong homology to lysr-t ...	1999	10223918
detection of staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis in clinical samples by 16s rrna-directed in situ hybridization.	staphylococcus epidermidis and staphylococcus aureus are the most common causes of medical device-associated infections, including septicemic loosenings of orthopedic implants. frequently, the microbiological diagnosis of these infections remains ambiguous, since at least some staphylococci have the capacity to reduce their growth rate considerably. these strains exhibit a small-colony phenotype, and often they are not detectable by conventional microbiological techniques. moreover, clinical iso ...	1999	10405419
alteration of the repressor activity of marr, the negative regulator of the escherichia coli marrab locus, by multiple chemicals in vitro.	marr negatively regulates expression of the multiple antibiotic resistance operon (marrab) in escherichia coli. in this study, it was demonstrated that sodium salicylate, plumbagin, 2, 4-dinitrophenol, and menadione-inducers of the marrab operon in whole cells-all interfered with the repressor activity of marr in vitro. it is proposed that these compounds can interact directly with marr to affect its repressor activity.	1999	10419969
bacterial growth state distinguished by single-cell protein profiling: does chlorination kill coliforms in municipal effluent?	municipal effluent is the largest reservoir of human enteric bacteria. its public health significance, however, depends upon the physiological status of the wastewater bacterial community. a novel immunofluorescence assay was developed and used to examine the bacterial growth state during wastewater disinfection. quantitative levels of three highly conserved cytosolic proteins (dnak, dps, and fis) were determined by using enterobacterium-specific antibody fluorochrome-coupled probes. enterobacte ...	1999	10473432
characterization of marr superrepressor mutants.	marr negatively regulates expression of the multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) locus in escherichia coli. superrepressor mutants, generated in order to study regions of marr required for function, exhibited altered inducer recognition properties in whole cells and increased dna binding to maro in vitro. mutations occurred in three areas of the relatively small marr protein (144 amino acids). it is surmised that superrepression results from increased dna binding activities of these mutant prote ...	1999	10322039
development of a pcr assay for rapid detection of enterococci.	enterococci are becoming major nosocomial pathogens, and increasing resistance to vancomycin has been well documented. conventional identification methods, which are based on culturing, require 2 to 3 days to provide results. pcr has provided a means for the culture-independent detection of enterococci in a variety of clinical specimens and is capable of yielding results in just a few hours. however, all pcr-based assays developed so far are species specific only for clinically important enteroc ...	1999	10523541
rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei in blood cultures by a monoclonal antibody assay.	burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. in northeast thailand, this gram-negative bacterium is a major cause of mortality from septicemia. the definitive diagnosis of this disease is made by bacterial culture. in this study, we produced a monoclonal antibody (mab) specific to the 30-kda protein of b. pseudomallei by in vivo and in vitro immunization of balb/c mice with a crude culture filtrate antigen. the mab could directly agglutinate with all 243 clinical isolates of ...	1999	10523570
citrobacter urinary tract infections in children.	citrobacter species have been described as the etiologic agents in cases of bacteremia, meningitis, diarrhea and brain abscess, but little is known of their role as a cause of urinary tract infections in children. the purpose of this study was to define the role of citrobacter species in pediatric urinary tract infections.	1999	10530585
roles of beta-lactamases and porins in activities of carbapenems and cephalosporins against klebsiella pneumoniae.	two clinical isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing klebsiella pneumoniae were noted to be less susceptible than expected to imipenem. both were missing outer membrane proteins that serve as channels for antibiotic entry. the role of beta-lactamase in resistance was investigated by eliminating the original esbl and introducing plasmids encoding various esbls and ampc beta-lactamase types, by studying the effect of an increased inoculum, and by evaluating interactions with ...	1999	10390220
bacteriocin release protein triggers dimerization of outer membrane phospholipase a in vivo.	bacteriocin release protein is known to activate outer membrane phospholipase a (ompla), which results in the release of colicin from escherichia coli. in vivo chemical cross-linking experiments revealed that the activation coincides with dimerization of ompla. permeabilization of the cell envelope and dimerization were characterized by a lag time of 2 h.	1999	10322034
identification of a novel beta-lactamase produced by xanthomonas campestris, a phytopathogenic bacterium.	the xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 11 chromosome encodes a periplasmic beta-lactamase of 30 kda. gene replacement and complementation confirmed the presence of this enzyme. its deduced amino acid sequence shows identity and conserved domains between it and stenotrophomonas maltophilia l2 and other ambler class a/bush group 2 beta-lactamases. southern hybridization detected a single homologous fragment in each of 12 other xanthomonas strains, indicating that the presence of a beta-lactamas ...	1999	10390247
the distribution of enteric bacteria from australian mammals: host and geographical effects.	bacteria of the family enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 642 mammalian hosts, representing 16 families and 79 species, collected from throughout australia. escherichia coli was the most common of the 24 enteric species recovered and represented almost half of the isolates. association analysis revealed that most other species of bacteria were less likely to be recovered from hosts in which e. coli was present. the composition of the enteric community of a host was found to be determined by b ...	1999	10537188
the bacteriology of neonatal septicaemia in ile-ife, nigeria.	the incidence of septicaemia among neonates categorized as being at high risk was 55 per cent in ile-ife, nigeria. gram-positive organisms, specifically staphylococcus aureus, were predominant (33.8 per cent) among bacteria cultured from proven cases of septicaemia. other coagulase-negative staphylococci also contributed 21 per cent, with staphylococcus epidermidis occurring in 5 per cent of the isolates. listeria monocytogenes was cultured from 8.4 per cent of septic neonates. pseudomonas aerug ...	1999	10401192
biochemical identification of citrobacter species defined by dna hybridization and description of citrobacter gillenii sp. nov. (formerly citrobacter genomospecies 10) and citrobacter murliniae sp. nov. (formerly citrobacter genomospecies 11).	recent work describing six named species and two unnamed genomospecies within citrobacter has enlarged the genus to 11 species. dna relatedness and phenotypic tests were used to determine how well these species can be identified. one hundred thirty-six strains were identified to species level by dna relatedness and then identified phenotypically in a blinded fashion. by using conventional tests, 119 of the 136 strains (88%) were correctly identified to species level. three additional strains (2% ...	1999	10405411
citrobacter freundii invades and replicates in human brain microvascular endothelial cells.	neonatal bacterial meningitis remains a disease with unacceptable rates of morbidity and mortality despite the availability of effective antimicrobial therapy. citrobacter spp. cause neonatal meningitis but are unique in their frequent association with brain abscess formation. the pathogenesis of citrobacter spp. causing meningitis and brain abscess is not well characterized; however, as with other meningitis-causing bacteria (e.g., escherichia coli k1 and group b streptococci), penetration of t ...	1999	10417193
application of a dna hybridization-hydrophobic-grid membrane filter method for detection and isolation of verotoxigenic escherichia coli.	verotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) strains were isolated from food and animal fecal samples by using pcr to screen for the presence of vtec after broth enrichment and then filtering vtec-positive cultures through hydrophobic-grid membrane filters (hgmfs) which were incubated on macconkey agar. the filters were probed with a digoxigenin-labeled pcr product generated by amplification of a conserved verotoxin gene sequence. replication of the growth on filters allowed probe-positive colonies to ...	1999	10543785
screening of probiotic activities of forty-seven strains of lactobacillus spp. by in vitro techniques and evaluation of the colonization ability of five selected strains in humans.	the probiotic potential of 47 selected strains of lactobacillus spp. was investigated. the strains were examined for resistance to ph 2.5 and 0.3% oxgall, adhesion to caco-2 cells, and antimicrobial activities against enteric pathogenic bacteria in model systems. from the results obtained in vitro, five strains, lactobacillus rhamnosus 19070-2, l. reuteri dsm 12246, l. rhamnosus lgg, l. delbrueckii subsp. lactis chcc 2329, and l. casei subsp. alactus chcc 3137, were selected for in vivo studies. ...	1999	10543808
a novel type of ampc beta-lactamase, acc-1, produced by a klebsiella pneumoniae strain causing nosocomial pneumonia.	a klebsiella pneumoniae strain resistant to oxyimino cephalosporins was cultured from respiratory secretions of a patient suffering from nosocomial pneumonia in kiel, germany, in 1997. the isolate harbors a bla resistance gene located on a transmissible plasmid. an escherichia coli transconjugant produces a beta-lactamase with an isoelectric point of 7.7 and a resistance phenotype characteristic of an ampc (class 1) beta-lactamase except for low mics of cephamycins. the bla gene was cloned and s ...	1999	10428914
molecular characterization of tem-59 (irt-17), a novel inhibitor-resistant tem-derived beta-lactamase in a clinical isolate of klebsiella oxytoca.	a clinical isolate of klebsiella oxytoca (kox 443) was found to have a low-level resistance to broad-spectrum penicillins (mics of amoxicillin and ticarcillin, 256 and 32 microg/ml, respectively), without substantial potentiation by 2 microg of clavulanic acid per ml (amoxicillin- and ticarcillin-clavulanate, 128 and 8 microg/ml, respectively), while being fully susceptible to cephalosporins and other beta-lactam antibiotics. these resistances were carried by a ca. 50-kb conjugative plasmid that ...	1999	10390218
biodegradation of tannic acid by citrobacter freundii isolated from a tannery effluent.	a bacterial strain capable of utilizing tannic acid as sole carbon source was isolated from the effluent of a tannery and was identified as citrobacter freundii. this organism could grow at concentrations as high as 5% (w/v) of tannic acid and produced extracellular tannase to hydrolyze the same. when grown in minimal medium containing 1% tannic acid (w/v) at 30 degrees c, this strain produced 1.87 u/ml of tannase at 6 h. at that time, tannic acid degradation products, namely glucose and gallic ...	1999	10427737
microtubules are associated with intracellular movement and spread of the periodontopathogen actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.	actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans suny 465, the invasion prototype strain, enters epithelial cells by an actin-dependent mechanism, escapes from the host cell vacuole, and spreads intracellularly and to adjacent epithelial cells via intercellular protrusions. internalized organisms also egress from host cells into the assay medium via protrusions that are associated with just a single epithelial cell. here we demonstrate that agents which inhibit microtubule polymerization (e.g., colchicine) ...	1999	10569770
in vitro antibacterial activity of ljc 11,036, an active metabolite of l-084, a new oral carbapenem antibiotic with potent antipneumococcal activity.	ljc 11,036 is the active metabolite of l-084, a novel oral carbapenem that exhibits potent broad-spectrum activity. antibacterial activities of ljc 11,036 against clinical isolates from respiratory infections, such as streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 52), streptococcus pyogenes (n = 19), haemophilus influenzae (n = 50), klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 53), and moraxella catarrhalis (n = 53), and from urinary-tract infections, such as escherichia coli (n = 53) (mics at which 90% of the isolates were inhi ...	1999	10428928
multicenter evaluation of the antimicrobial activity for six broad-spectrum beta-lactams in venezuela: comparison of data from 1997 and 1998 using the etest method. venezuelan antimicrobial resistance study group.	the minimum inhibitory concentrations of six broad-spectrum beta-lactam antimicrobial agents were determined in 1998 by use of the etest versus a total of 502 bacteria in seven venezuelan hospital laboratories. these data were compared with results of a similar study performed in 1997. the organisms tested included 309 recent clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae, 70 pseudomonas aeruginosa, 54 acinetobacter species, and 69 oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus. extended spectrum beta-lac ...	1999	10579096
[a consideration on the results of nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibilities--gram-negative bacilli].	the results of the semi-annual nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibilities, conducted by the japanese ministry of health and welfare during the period of january 1993 to july 1995, were analyzed for typical gram-negative bacilli in the purpose of provision of an index for antimicrobial selection. during these 3 years, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes and proteus mirabilis showed slightly increasing tendency in susceptibility to fosfomycin (fom) and cit ...	1999	10396690
in vitro and in vivo activities of syn2190, a novel beta-lactamase inhibitor.	syn2190, a monobactam derivative containing 1,5-dihydroxy-4-pyridone as the c-3 side chain, is a potent inhibitor of group 1 beta-lactamase. the concentrations of inhibitor needed to reduce the initial rate of hydrolysis of substrate by 50% for syn2190 against these enzymes were in the range of 0.002 to 0.01 microm. these values were 220- to 850-fold lower than those of tazobactam. syn2190 showed in vitro synergy with ceftazidime and cefpirome. this synergy was dependent on the concentration of ...	1999	10428909
[citrobacter freundii endocarditis].	infection by citrobacter appears in man only in certain circumstances, since it usually acts as contaminant or colonizer. bacteraemia by this bacillus can affect immunodeficient people, elderly people or those patients who have undergone invasive hospital processes. although incidence of bacteraemia is low (0.3-0.9%), the death rate is very high, about 48%. this bacillus is seldom the cause of endocarditis. that is why we describe a case of endocarditis by citrobacter freundii, in an aged person ...	1999	10481339
gram-negative bacillary meningitis in adult post-neurosurgical patients.	to assess the clinical features and therapeutic outcomes of gram-negative bacillary meningitis (gnbm) in adult postneurosurgical patients.	1999	10595761
comparison of five beta-lactam antibiotics against common nosocomial pathogens using the time above mic at different creatinine clearances.	to compare the time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (t>mic) for five parenteral beta-lactam antibiotics against common nosocomial bacterial pathogens at different creatinine clearances (clcr).	1999	10600088
promiscuous origin of a chimeric sequence in the escherichia coli o157:h7 genome.	a novel sequence of 2.9 kb in the intergenic region between the muts and rpos genes of escherichia coli o157:h7 and closely related strains replaces a sequence of 6.1 kb in e. coli k-12 strains. at the same locus in shigella dysenteriae type 1, a sequence identical to that in o157:h7 is bounded by the is1 insertion sequence element. extensive polymorphism in the muts-rpos chromosomal region is indicative of horizontal transfer events.	1999	10601221
biocontrol of escherichia coli o157 with o157-specific bacteriophages.	escherichia coli o157 antigen-specific bacteriophages were isolated and tested to determine their ability to lyse laboratory cultures of escherichia coli o157:h7. a total of 53 bovine or ovine fecal samples were enriched for phage, and 5 of these samples were found to contain lytic phages that grow on e. coli o157:h7. three bacteriophages, designated kh1, kh4, and kh5, were evaluated. at 37 or 4 degrees c, a mixture of these three o157-specific phages lysed all of the e. coli o157 cultures teste ...	1999	10473373
construction and characterization of mutants of the tem-1 beta-lactamase containing amino acid substitutions associated with both extended-spectrum resistance and resistance to beta-lactamase inhibitors.	extended-spectrum tem beta-lactamases (esbls) do not usually confer resistance to beta-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanate or tazobactam. to investigate the compatibility of the two phenotypes we used site-directed mutagenesis of the bla(tem-1) gene to introduce into the tem-1 beta-lactamase amino acid substitutions that confer the esbl phenotype: tem-12 (arg164-->ser), tem-26 (arg164-->ser plus glu104-->lys), tem-19 (gly238-->ser), and tem-15 (gly238-->ser plus glu104-->lys). these were co ...	1999	10428907
the propanediol utilization (pdu) operon of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 includes genes necessary for formation of polyhedral organelles involved in coenzyme b(12)-dependent 1, 2-propanediol degradation.	the propanediol utilization (pdu) operon of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 contains genes needed for the coenzyme b(12)-dependent catabolism of 1,2-propanediol. here the completed dna sequence of the pdu operon is presented. analyses of previously unpublished pdu dna sequence substantiated previous studies indicating that the pdu operon was acquired by horizontal gene transfer and allowed the identification of 16 hypothetical genes. this brings the total number of genes in the pdu o ...	1999	10498708
quorum-sensing cross talk: isolation and chemical characterization of cyclic dipeptides from pseudomonas aeruginosa and other gram-negative bacteria.	in cell-free pseudomonas aeruginosa culture supernatants, we identified two compounds capable of activating an n-acylhomoserine lactone (ahl) biosensor. mass spectrometry and nmr spectroscopy revealed that these compounds were not ahls but the diketopiperazines (dkps), cyclo(deltaala-l-val) and cyclo(l-pro-l-tyr) respectively. these compounds were also found in cell-free supernatants from proteus mirabilis, citrobacter freundii and enterobacter agglomerans [cyclo(deltaala-l-val) only]. although ...	1999	10510239
role of permeability in the activities of beta-lactams against gram-negative bacteria which produce a group 3 beta-lactamase.	the production of a group 3 beta-lactamase permitted escherichia coli to raise the mics of ceftazidime, cefpirome, and meropenem greatly but those of imipenem and piperacillin only slightly. the ratios of maximum rate of hydrolysis to k(m) of ceftazidime, cefpirome, and piperacillin were lower than those of meropenem and imipenem for the group 3 beta-lactamase. the permeability coefficients for piperacillin and meropenem were higher than those for ceftazidime and cefpirome. imipenem had the high ...	1999	10428944
mechanism of repression of the arop p2 promoter by the tyrr protein of escherichia coli.	previously, we have shown that expression of the escherichia coli arop p2 promoter is partially repressed by the tyrr protein alone and strongly repressed by the tyrr protein in the presence of the coeffector tyrosine or phenylalanine (p. wang, j. yang, and a. j. pittard, j. bacteriol. 179:4206-4212, 1997). here we present in vitro results showing that the tyrr protein and rna polymerase can bind simultaneously to the arop p2 promoter. in the presence of tyrosine, the tyrr protein inhibits open ...	1999	10515932
cloning and characterization of a gene, pbpf, encoding a new penicillin-binding protein, pbp2b, in staphylococcus aureus.	a previously unrecognized penicillin binding protein (pbp) gene, pbpf, was identified in staphylococcus aureus. this gene encodes a protein of 691 amino acid residues with an estimated molecular mass of 78 kda. the molecular mass is very close to that of s. aureus pbp2 (81 kda), and the protein is tentatively named pbp2b. pbp2b has three motifs, ssvk, ssn, and ktg, that can be found in pbps and beta-lactamases. recombinant pbp2b (rpbp2b), which lacks a putative signal peptide at the n terminus a ...	1999	10390206
citrobacter rodentium espb is necessary for signal transduction and for infection of laboratory mice.	citrobacter rodentium is the causative agent of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia and contains a locus of enterocyte effacement (lee) similar to that found in enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec). epec espb is necessary for intimate attachment and signal transduction between epec and cultured cell monolayers. mice challenged with wild-type c. rodentium develop a mucosal immunoglobulin a response to espb. in this study, c. rodentium espb has been cloned and its nucleotide sequence has ...	1999	10531262
analysis of the mechanisms of quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii.	the presence of gyra, gyrb and/or parc mutations, quinolone uptake, outer membrane protein profiles and epidemiological relationship were studied in 12 clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii. no alterations were observed in the gyrb gene of any of the strains, or gyra or parc of the four quinolone-susceptible strains (nalidixic acid mic of 2-4 mg/l, and a ciprofloxacin mic of 0.006-0.06 mg/l). the quinolone-resistant strains were classified into two groups: one group (group a) composed of str ...	1999	10590274
decreased adherence of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli to hep-2 cells in the presence of antibodies that recognize the c-terminal region of intimin.	antiserum raised against intimin from enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7 strain 86-24 has been shown previously by our laboratory to inhibit adherence of this strain to hep-2 cells. in the present study, we sought to identify the region(s) of intimin important for the effect of anti-intimin antisera on ehec adherence and to determine whether antisera raised against intimin from an o157:h7 strain could reduce adherence of other strains. compared to preimmune serum controls, polyclo ...	1999	10569757
activities of a nitrofurazone-containing urinary catheter and a silver hydrogel catheter against multidrug-resistant bacteria characteristic of catheter-associated urinary tract infection.	the in vitro inhibitory activity of a nitrofurazone-coated urinary catheter (nfc) against 86 recently obtained susceptible and multidrug-resistant (mdr) clinical isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii, staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and enterococcus faecium, which are species implicated in catheter-associated urinary tract infection and which traditionally have been susceptible to nitrofuran derivatives, was determined using an agar di ...	1999	10582894
safety and immunogenicity of vi conjugate vaccines for typhoid fever in adults, teenagers, and 2- to 4-year-old children in vietnam.	the capsular polysaccharide of salmonella typhi, vi, is an essential virulence factor and a protective vaccine for people older than 5 years. the safety and immunogenicity of two investigational vi conjugate vaccines were evaluated in adults, 5- to 14-year-old children, and 2- to 4-year-old children in vietnam. the conjugates were prepared with pseudomonas aeruginosa recombinant exoprotein a (repa) as the carrier, using either n-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)-propionate (spdp; vi-repa(1)) or a ...	1999	10531232
the genetic structure of enteric bacteria from australian mammals.	a total of 246 isolates representing five species of the family enterobacteriaceae, taken from a variety of australian mammal species, were characterized using multi-locus enzyme electrophoresis. genome diversity estimates varied significantly among species, with the klebsiella pneumoniae sample exhibiting the lowest diversity and the citrobacter freundii sample the highest. multi-locus linkage disequilibrium estimates revealed that alleles were non-randomly associated in all five species sample ...	1999	10537189
concurrent outbreaks of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms of the family enterobacteriaceae in a warsaw hospital.	the increasing use of broader-spectrum cephalosporins in the first half of the 1990s has become one of the major factors responsible for the high rate of selection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing microorganisms in polish hospitals. thirty-five isolates of seven different species of the family enterobacteriaceae were identified as esbl producers, over a 4 month period, in one of warsaw's hospitals between the end of 1996 and the beginning of 1997. sixteen per cent of all kleb ...	1999	10588311
regulation of inducible ampc beta-lactamase expression among enterobacteriaceae.	ampc ss-lactamases are active-site serine enzymes that are primarily cephalosporinases. in many gram negative organisms, including enterobacter spp.,citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, morganella morganii and pseudomonas aeruginosa, the expression of chromosomal ampc genes is low but inducible in response to ss-lactams and other stimuli. the current working model for ampc induction requires exposure of bacterial cells to ss-lactam drugs or other stimuli and is linked to the cell wall recy ...	1999	10539994
bacteremia due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae in a pediatric oncology ward: clinical features and identification of different plasmids carrying both shv-5 and tem-1 genes.	thirteen patients who had 16 episodes of bacteremia were observed between 1993 and 1997 in a pediatric oncology ward with a high background isolation rate of cefotaxime- or aztreonam-resistant gram-negative bacteria. four blood isolates were escherichia coli and 12 were klebsiella pneumoniae, and these isolates harbored extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls). all episodes of bacteremia were nosocomial, all except one of the episodes occurred in neutropenic patients, and all patients were trea ...	1999	10565924
outer membrane protein a-promoted actin condensation of brain microvascular endothelial cells is required for escherichia coli invasion.	escherichia coli is the most common gram-negative bacterium that causes meningitis during the neonatal period. we have previously shown that the entry of circulating e. coli organisms into the central nervous system is due to their ability to invade the blood-brain barrier, which is composed of a layer of brain microvascular endothelial cells (bmec). in this report, we show by transmission electron microscopy that e. coli transmigrates through bmec in an enclosed vacuole without intracellular mu ...	1999	10531228
adult citrobacter freundii meningitis: case report.	citrobacter is a distinct group of gram-negative bacilli belonging to the enterobacteriaceae family. central nervous system (cns) infections due to citrobacter are uncommon, though they occur more frequently in neonates and young children. in adults, citrobacter meningitis is extremely unusual with only 6 cases reported in the literature before 1998. this rare cns infection has been seen in patients with head trauma, following neurosurgical procedures, and in those who are immunocompromised. of ...	1999	10695216
isolation of yersinia enterocolitica from cases of acute appendicitis and ice-cream.	seventy (70) appendiceal specimens and 80 ice-cream samples were analysed to detect yersinia enterocolitica using three different media. both y. enterocolitica and citrobacter freundii were recovered in appendiceal specimens (17.1% and 8.6%) and ice-cream (26.25% and 18.75%) respectively. thioglycollate medium was more selective and productive in isolating yersinia. y. enterocolitica was the major causative agent of acute appendicitis (11/25, 44%). it was sensitive to chloramphenicol, gentamicin ...	1999	10793790
intestinal protozoa in hiv-infected patients: effect of rifaximin in cryptosporidium parvum and blastocystis hominis infections.	in hiv-1 infected patients severe enteritis and chronic diarrhea are often documented as a consequence of multiple opportunistic infections. we analyzed 48 hiv-1 positive patients for the presence of intestinal pathogenic protozoa. patients with cd4 > or = 200/mm3 showed a higher prevalence of a single pathogenic protozoa than patients with cd4 < or =200/mm3, who showed the presence of multiple protozoal infections. patients who proved positive for only a single protozoa, cryptosporidium or blas ...	1999	10632386
decreased production of ampc-type beta-lactamases associated with the development of resistance to quinolones in citrobacter freundii strains.	the effect of fluoroquinolones in citrobacter freundii strains that results in a decreased expression of cephalosporin-hydrolysing beta-lactamases was studied. resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins and penicillins in two c. freundii clinical isolates was associated with moderate production of chromosomal ampc-type-beta-lactamase in addition to changes in the outer membrane proteins profile with respect to wild-type c. freundii strains. ten quinolone-resistant mutants were derived from the ...	1999	10647079
activation of the cryptic aac(6')-iy aminoglycoside resistance gene of salmonella by a chromosomal deletion generating a transcriptional fusion.	salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype enteritidis bm4361 and bm4362 were isolated from the same patient. bm4361 was susceptible to aminoglycosides, whereas bm4362 was resistant to tobramycin owing to synthesis of a 6'-n-acetyltransferase type i [aac(6')-i]. comparative analysis of nucleotide sequences, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, and southern hybridizations indicated that the chromosomal aac(6')-iy genes for the enzyme in both strains were identical and that bm4362 derived ...	1999	10542165
development of a universal intimin antiserum and pcr primers.	enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) constitute a significant risk to human health worldwide. a hallmark of both pathogens is their ability to produce characteristic attaching-and-effacing (a/e) lesions in intestinal epithelial cells. genes encoding a/e lesion formation map to a chromosomal pathogenicity island termed the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee). intimin, an lee-encoded bacterial adhesion molecule, mediates the intimate bacterium-host cell in ...	1999	10565891
in vitro activities of sch27899 alone and in combination with 17 other antimicrobial agents.	sch27899, an everninomicin antibiotic, was tested for its in vitro activity against 718 bacterial isolates representing 27 species. the enterobacteriaceae and nonenteric gram-negative bacilli were resistant to > or = 8.0 microg/ml, but all others were inhibited by < or = 1.0 microg/ml. when tested in combination with 17 other antimicrobial agents against 110 strains, sch27899 demonstrated no significant antagonism or synergy. consequently, combination therapy is not contraindicated.	1999	10582895
aminoglycosides: activity and resistance.		1999	10103173
in vitro activity of cefepime against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli, viridans group streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae from a cross-canada surveillance study.	to determine the in vitro activity of cefepime against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci obtained from an ongoing cross-canada surveillance study.	1999	22346377
comparison of agar dilution, disk diffusion, microscan, and vitek antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods to broth microdilution for detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae.	fluoroquinolone resistance appears to be increasing in many species of bacteria, particularly in those causing nosocomial infections. however, the accuracy of some antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for detecting fluoroquinolone resistance remains uncertain. therefore, we compared the accuracy of the results of agar dilution, disk diffusion, microscan walk away neg combo 15 conventional panels, and vitek gns-f7 cards to the accuracy of the results of the broth microdilution reference m ...	1999	9986809
activities of clinafloxacin, alone and in combination with other compounds, against 45 gram-positive and -negative organisms for which clinafloxacin mics are high.	time-kill studies indicated that clinafloxacin showed synergy after 24 h with ceftazidime, amikacin, and imipenem against 12, 8, and 10 of 33 gram-negative rods, respectively; with vancomycin, teicoplanin, cefotaxime, and amikacin against 3, 3, 1, and 1 of 9 staphylococci and enterococci, respectively; and with vancomycin, penicillin, and cefotaxime against 0, 2, and 2 of 3 pneumococci, respectively. the mics of clinafloxacin alone for most strains were >/=1 microg/ml.	1999	10471582
the new fluoroquinolones: a critical review.	this paper reviews the literature available on the new fluoroquinolones - clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, grepafloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin and trovafloxacin - to compare these agents with each other and contrast them with ciprofloxacin, an older fluoroquinolone.	1999	22346384
rapid identification of up to three candida species in a single reaction tube by a 5' exonuclease assay using fluorescent dna probes.	we used fungus-specific pcr primers and species-specific dna probes to detect up to three candida species in a single reaction tube by exploiting the 5' to 3' exonuclease activity of taq dna polymerase. probes to the internal transcribed spacer region of the rrna gene were labeled at the 5' end with one of three fluorescent reporter dyes, 6-carboxy-fluorescein (fam), tetrachloro-6-carboxy-fluorescein (tet), or hexachloro-6-carboxy-fluorescein (hex), and at the 3' end with a quencher dye, 6-carbo ...	1999	9854084
phylogenetic diversity of nitrogen fixation genes in the symbiotic microbial community in the gut of diverse termites.	nitrogen fixation by the microorganisms in the gut of termites is one of the crucial aspects of symbiosis, since termites usually thrive on a nitrogen-poor diet. the phylogenetic diversity of the nitrogen-fixing organisms within the symbiotic community in the guts of various termite species was investigated without culturing the resident microorganisms. a portion of the dinitrogenase reductase gene (nifh) was directly amplified from dna extracted from the mixed population in the termite gut. ana ...	1999	10543805
detection of significant bacteriuria by automated urinalysis using flow cytometry.	a new flow cytometry-based automated urine analyzer, the uf-50, was evaluated for its ability to screen urine samples for significant bacteriuria. one hundred eighty-six urine specimens from patients attending an outpatient clinic of a university-based hospital were examined. the results obtained with the uf-50 were compared with those obtained by conventional quantitative urine culture. the uf-50 detected significant bacteriuria with a sensitivity of 83.1%, a specificity of 76.4%, a positive pr ...	2000	10921941
fluorescent in situ hybridization allows rapid identification of microorganisms in blood cultures.	using fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) with rrna-targeted fluorescently labelled oligonucleotide probes, pathogens were rapidly detected and identified in positive blood culture bottles without cultivation and biotyping. in this study, 115 blood cultures with a positive growth index as determined by a continuous-reading automated blood culture system were examined by both conventional laboratory methods and fish. for this purpose, oligonucleotide probes that allowed identification of app ...	2000	10655393
in vitro activities of sitafloxacin (du-6859a) and six other fluoroquinolones against 8,796 clinical bacterial isolates.	the in vitro activities of sitafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, trovafloxacin, levofloxacin, clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin against 5,046 gram-negative bacteria, 3,344 gram-positive cocci, and 406 anaerobes were determined. sitafloxacin was the most active agent against gram-positive cocci and anaerobes. against enterobacteriaceae and nonfermenters, its activity was either equivalent to or better than that of clinafloxacin.	2000	10722524
bacterial quorum sensing in pathogenic relationships.		2000	10948095
new advances in the diagnosis of typhoid and detection of typhoid carriers.	for effective management of typhoid, diagnosis of the disease must be done with speed and accuracy. development of such a test would require antigens that are specific for typhoid diagnosis. attempts at finding the specific antigen have been carried out throughout the years. the finding of such an antigen can lead to carrier detection as well. candidate antigens have been used in the development of antigen or antibody detection tests with variation in sensitivity and specificity. further charact ...	2000	22977383
ampr gene mutations that greatly increase class c beta-lactamase activity in enterobacter cloacae.	the ampc and ampr genes of enterobacter cloacae gn7471 were cloned into pmw218 to yield pku403. four mutant plasmids derived from pku403 (pku404, pku405, pku406, and pku407) were isolated in an ampd mutant of escherichia coli ml4953 by selection with ceftazidime or aztreonam. the beta-lactamase activities expressed by pku404, pku405, pku406, and pku407 were about 450, 75, 160, and 160 times higher, respectively, than that expressed by the original plasmid, pku403. these mutant plasmids all carri ...	2000	10681318
problems related to determination of mics of oximino-type expanded-spectrum cephems for proteus vulgaris.	during in vitro susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of proteus vulgaris, we noted that the mics of several expanded-spectrum cephems were much higher in the broth microdilution method than in the agar dilution method (termed the mic gap phenomenon). here we investigated the mechanism of the mic gap phenomenon. cephems with the mic gap phenomenon were of the oximino type, such as cefotaxime, cefteram, and cefpodoxime, which serve as good substrates for inducible class a beta-lactamase (cu ...	2000	10655366
molecular beacons: a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for detecting salmonella.	molecular beacons are oligonucleotide probes that become fluorescent upon hybridization. we developed a real-time pcr assay to detect the presence of salmonella species using these fluorogenic reporter molecules. a 122-base-pair section of the hima was used as the amplification target. molecular beacons were designed to recognize a 16-base-pair region on the amplicon. as few as 2 colony-forming unit (cfu) per pcr reaction could be detected. we also demonstrated the ability of the molecular beaco ...	2000	10805535
development of a rapid pcr assay specific for staphylococcus saprophyticus and application to direct detection from urine samples.	staphylococcus saprophyticus is one of the most frequently encountered microorganisms associated with acute urinary tract infections (utis) in young, sexually active female outpatients. conventional identification methods based on biochemical characteristics can efficiently identify s. saprophyticus, but the rapidities of these methods need to be improved. rapid and direct identification of this bacterium from urine samples would be useful to improve time required for the diagnosis of s. saproph ...	2000	10970371
animal and human multidrug-resistant, cephalosporin-resistant salmonella isolates expressing a plasmid-mediated cmy-2 ampc beta-lactamase.	salmonella spp. are important food-borne pathogens that are demonstrating increasing antimicrobial resistance rates in isolates obtained from food animals and humans. in this study, 10 multidrug-resistant, cephalosporin-resistant salmonella isolates from bovine, porcine, and human sources from a single geographic region were identified. all isolates demonstrated resistance to cephamycins and extended-spectrum cephalosporins as well as tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and sulfisoxazol ...	2000	10991860
cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 of uropathogenic escherichia coli kills cultured human uroepithelial 5637 cells by an apoptotic mechanism.	pathogenic escherichia coli associated with urinary tract infections (utis) in otherwise healthy individuals frequently produce cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 (cnf1), a member of the family of bacterial toxins that target the rho family of small gtp-binding proteins. to gain insight into the function of cnf1 in the development of e. coli-mediated utis, we examined the effects of cnf1 intoxication on a panel of human cell lines derived from physiologically relevant sites (bladder, ureters, a ...	2000	10992497
dna methylation at the cfrbi site is involved in expression control in the cfrbi restriction-modification system.	we have previously found that genes of the cfr:bi restriction-modification (r-m) system from citrobacter freundii are oriented divergently and that their promoter regions overlap. the overlapping promoters suggest regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional level. in this study the transcription regulation of cfr:bi r-m genes was analyzed in vivo and in vitro in escherichia coli. it was shown that in the presence of cfr:bi methyltransferase (m.cfr:bi), cell galactokinase activity decrea ...	2000	11000275
bacterial penetration across the blood-brain barrier during the development of neonatal meningitis.	bacterial pathogens may breach the blood-brain barrier (bbb) and invade the central nervous system through paracellular and/or transcellular mechanisms. transcellular penetration, e.g., transcytosis across the bbb has been demonstrated for escherichia coli k1, group b streptococcus, listeria monocytogenes, citrobacter freundii and streptococcus pneumonia strains. genes contributing to invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells include e. coli k1 genes ompa, ibea, ibeb, and yijp. understan ...	2000	11008113
use of hydrostatic pressure for inactivation of microbial contaminants in cheese.	the objective of this study was to determine the effect of high pressure (hp) on the inactivation of microbial contaminants in cheddar cheese (escherichia coli k-12, staphylococcus aureus atcc 6538, and penicillium roqueforti imi 297987). initially, cheese slurries inoculated with e. coli, s. aureus, and p. roqueforti were used as a convenient means to define the effects of a range of pressures and temperatures on the viability of these microorganisms. cheese slurries were subjected to pressures ...	2000	11055940
outbreak of nosocomial infections due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strains of enteric group 137, a new member of the family enterobacteriaceae closely related to citrobacter farmeri and citrobacter amalonaticus.	a member of the enterobacteriaceae initially identified as kluyvera cryocrescens by the microscan gram-negative combo 13 panel caused an outbreak of nosocomial infections in four patients (pneumonia, n = 2; urinary tract infection, n = 1; wound infection, n = 1) and urinary tract colonization in one patient. when the strains were tested by the enteric reference laboratory of the centers for disease control and prevention, biochemical results were most compatible with yersinia intermedia, kluyver ...	2000	11060050
[in vitro antibacterial activity of prulifloxacin, a new oral quinolone, and comparative susceptibility rate at clinical breakpoint mic].	in vitro drug sensitivity of clinically isolated bacteria against prulifloxacin (pufx), which is a new quinolone, was investigated, and the antibacterial activity and susceptibility rate at clinical breakpoint were compared with those of norfloxacin, ofloxacin (oflx), ciprofloxacin, tosufloxacin, fleroxacin, sparfloxacin and levofloxacin (lvfx). the following results were obtained. 1) pufx showed a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. 2) mi ...	2000	11214999
16s ribosomal dna sequence analysis of a large collection of environmental and clinical unidentifiable bacterial isolates.	some bacteria are difficult to identify with phenotypic identification schemes commonly used outside reference laboratories. 16s ribosomal dna (rdna)-based identification of bacteria potentially offers a useful alternative when phenotypic characterization methods fail. however, as yet, the usefulness of 16s rdna sequence analysis in the identification of conventionally unidentifiable isolates has not been evaluated with a large collection of isolates. in this study, we evaluated the utility of 1 ...	2000	11015374
identification by 16s ribosomal rna gene sequencing of an enterobacteriaceae species from a bone marrow transplant recipient.	to ascertain the clinical relevance of a strain of enterobacteriaceae isolated from the stool of a bone marrow transplant recipient with diarrhoea. the isolate could not be identified to the genus level by conventional phenotypic methods and required 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene sequencing for full identification.	2000	11040945
[antibacterial activities of piperacillin in several fresh clinical isolates].	we investigated activity of piperacillin (pipc) in comparison with 8 antibacterial reference drugs against several fresh clinical strains isolated from patients with infectious diseases in the respiratory tract and after surgical interventions in 1999. the following results were obtained: 1. pipc had its mic90 of 0.12-6 micrograms/ml in gram-positive bacteria (methicillin susceptible staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus agalactiae, streptococcu ...	2000	11070819
levofloxacin pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activities against five enterobacterial species.	after oral administration of 500 mg of levofloxacin to 12 volunteers, we investigated the pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activities (sbas) against five strains of members of the family enterobacteriaceae. pharmacokinetic data were as follows: maximum concentration in serum, 6.36 +/- 0.57 mg/liter; area under the concentration-time curve, 43.6 +/- 6.23 mg. h/liter; elimination half-life 4.23 +/- 0.87 h. sbas were present for 24 h against escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii. the sba ...	2000	11083664
dissemination of ctx-m-3 and cmy-2 beta-lactamases among clinical isolates of escherichia coli in southern taiwan.	a total of 1,210 clinical isolates of escherichia coli collected from a university hospital in southern taiwan were screened for production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls). expression of classical esbls (resistant to extended-spectrum beta-lactam agents and susceptible to beta-lactam inhibitors) was inferred in 18 isolates by the phenotypic confirmatory test. these included 10 isolates producing ctx-m-3, 2 strains carrying shv-12, 1 strain harboring shv-5, 1 strain expressing tem-10 ...	2000	11101558
contribution of plasmid-encoded fimbriae and intimin to capacity of rabbit-specific enteropathogenic escherichia coli to attach to and colonize rabbit intestine.	attachment to the intestinal mucosa is an essential step in the pathogenesis of diarrhea caused by enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec). fimbriae and intimin, the outer membrane protein product of the chromosomal eae gene, contribute to this process, but their relative roles and the nature of their interaction are not known. the aim of this study was to determine the relative contribution of plasmid-encoded fimbriae, termed ral, and intimin to the capacity of rabbit-specific epec (repec) to ...	2000	11035762