Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| mule/huwe1/arf-bp1 suppresses ras-driven tumorigenesis by preventing c-myc/miz1-mediated down-regulation of p21 and p15. | tumorigenesis results from dysregulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors that influence cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and/or senescence. many gene products involved in these processes are substrates of the e3 ubiquitin ligase mule/huwe1/arf-bp1 (mule), but whether mule acts as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in vivo remains controversial. we generated k14cre;mule(flox/flox(y)) (mule kko) mice and subjected them to dmba/pma-induced skin carcinogenesis, which depends on on ... | 2013 | 23699408 |
| migrating mule deer: effects of anthropogenically altered landscapes. | migration is an adaptive strategy that enables animals to enhance resource availability and reduce risk of predation at a broad geographic scale. ungulate migrations generally occur along traditional routes, many of which have been disrupted by anthropogenic disturbances. spring migration in ungulates is of particular importance for conservation planning, because it is closely coupled with timing of parturition. the degree to which oil and gas development affects migratory patterns, and whether ... | 2013 | 23691246 |
| impacts of informal trails on vegetation and soils in the highest protected area in the southern hemisphere. | there is limited recreation ecology research in south america, especially studies looking at informal trails. impacts of informal trails formed by hikers and pack animals on vegetation and soils were assessed for the highest protected area in the southern hemisphere, aconcagua provincial park. the number of braided trails, their width and depth were surveyed at 30 sites along the main access route to mt aconcagua (6962 m a.s.l.). species composition, richness and cover were also measured on cont ... | 2013 | 23681405 |
| is a diagnostic system based exclusively on agar gel immunodiffusion adequate for controlling the spread of equine infectious anaemia? | to improve the efficiency of the national equine infectious anaemia (eia) surveillance program in italy, a three-tiered diagnostic system has been adopted. this procedure involves initial screening by elisa (tier 1) with test-positive samples confirmed by the agar gel immunodiffusion test (agidt) (tier 2) and, in the case of elisa positive/agidt negative results, final determination by immunoblot (ib) (tier 3). during this evaluation, 74,880 samples, principally collected from two regions of cen ... | 2013 | 23618837 |
| characterization of prdm9 in equids and sterility in mules. | prdm9 (meisetz) is the first speciation gene discovered in vertebrates conferring reproductive isolation. this locus encodes a meiosis-specific histone h3 methyltransferase that specifies meiotic recombination hotspots during gametogenesis. allelic differences in prdm9, characterized for a variable number of zinc finger (zf) domains, have been associated with hybrid sterility in male house mice via spermatogenic failure at the pachytene stage. the mule, a classic example of hybrid sterility in m ... | 2013 | 23613924 |
| duration of action of a topical anaesthetic formulation for pain management of mulesing in sheep. | to investigate the effect of topical anaesthesia on 'mothering up' of lambs after mulesing and marking, and for pain alleviation over a 24-h period. | 2013 | 23521101 |
| sex-specific development of spatial orientation is independent of peripubertal gonadal steroids. | prenatal exposure to androgens has been shown to modulate brain development, resulting in changed behavioral attitudes, sexual orientation and cognitive functions, including processing of spatial information. whether later changes in gonadotropic hormones during puberty induce further organizational effects within the brain is still insufficiently understood. the purpose of this study was to assess development of spatial orientation before and after the time of normal pubertal development, in an ... | 2013 | 23477973 |
| incidence, management, and outcome of complications of castration in equids: 324 cases (1998-2008). | to determine the incidence of complications and identify risk factors associated with development of complications following routine castration of equids. | 2013 | 23445295 |
| nephrectomy via ventral median celiotomy in equids. | to report technique for, and outcome after, nephrectomy through a ventral median celiotomy in equids. | 2013 | 23432332 |
| [the mule from rottweil]. | 2013 | 23385018 | |
| risk-sensitive allocation in seasonal dynamics of fat and protein reserves in a long-lived mammal. | body reserves of numerous taxa follow seasonal rhythms that are a function of temporal patterns in food availability and life-history events; however, tests of the theory underlying the allocation of somatic reserves for long-lived organisms are rare, especially for free-ranging mammals. we evaluated the hypothesis that allocation of somatic reserves to survival (i.e., metabolic processes) and reproduction should be sensitive to current nutritional state relative to seasonal thresholds in those ... | 2013 | 23379674 |
| usp7s-dependent inactivation of mule regulates dna damage signalling and repair. | the e3 ubiquitin ligase mule/arf-bp1 plays an important role in the cellular dna damage response by controlling base excision repair and p53 protein levels. however, how the activity of mule is regulated in response to dna damage is currently unknown. here, we report that the ser18-containing isoform of the usp7 deubiquitylation enzyme (usp7s) controls mule stability by preventing its self-ubiquitylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation. we find that in response to dna damage, downregulati ... | 2013 | 23275561 |
| the past, present and future of domestic equines in tanzania. | equines are minor species in tanzania's array of domestic livestock. attempts to use them for transport by early explorers from the mid-nineteenth century usually failed. donkeys were used extensively as pack animals to complement human porters by both british and german forces in the first world war, but their advantages were often outweighed by slow progress and competition with troops and porters for water, and they died in huge numbers. the british had regular cavalry troops in their campaig ... | 2013 | 24834000 |
| between- and within-breed variations of spine characteristics in sheep. | implementing the use of spine traits in a commercial breeding program has been seen to improve meat production from the carcass of larger-bodied pigs. the aim of this study was to assess the extent of variation in spine characteristics within and between breeds of sheep and to investigate the association with body length and tissues traits to deliberate if a similar approach could be applicable in the sheep sector. spine traits (vertebrae number, vn; spine region length, spl; individual vertebra ... | 2013 | 23243168 |
| a scalable method for discovering significant subnetworks. | study of biological networks is an essential first step to understand the complex functions they govern in different organisms. the topology of interactions that define how biological networks operate is often determined through high-throughput experiments. noisy nature of high-throughput experiments, however, can result in multiple alternative network topologies that explain this data equally well. one key step to resolve the differences is to identify the subnetworks which appear significantly ... | 2013 | 24565174 |
| spatial cognition and perseveration by horses, donkeys and mules in a simple a-not-b detour task. | we investigated perseveration and detour behaviour in 36 equids (equus caballus, e. asinus, e. caballus × e. asinus) and compared these data to those of a previous study on domestic dogs (canis familiaris). the animals were required to make a detour through a gap at one end of a straight barrier in order to reach a visible target. after one, two, three or four repeats (a trials), the gap was moved to the opposite end of the barrier (b trials). we recorded initial deviations from the correct solu ... | 2013 | 23271641 |
| isolation and characterization of a cervidpoxvirus from a goitered gazelle (gazella subgutturosa) from a zoologic park in minnesota. | deerpox virus (dpv) is the sole member of the newly ratified cervidpoxvirus genus in the subfamily chordopoxvirinae. presented here is the first diagnostic report of isolation of dpv from a goitered gazelle (gazella subgutturosa). a tissue homogenate was submitted by a zoologic park to the minnesota veterinary diagnostic laboratory at the university of minnesota for poxvirus diagnostic investigation and then referred to plum island foreign animal disease diagnostic laboratory for confirmation. p ... | 2013 | 24063086 |
| serosurvey for antibody to deerpox virus in five cervid species in oregon, usa. | five cervid species in oregon, usa were tested with a serum neutralization assay for antibody to deerpox virus (dpv). none of the 50 elk (cervus elaphus ssp. roosevelti and nelsonii) had detectable antibody. prevalence of antibody to dpv in the remaining species was: 52% (n=55) in black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), 32% (n= 59) in mule deer (o. hemionus hemionus), and 36% (n=50) in columbian white-tailed deer (o. virginianus leucurus), with an overall antibody prevalence of 40.2 ... | 2013 | 23307387 |
| detecting population structure and recent demographic history in endangered livestock breeds: the case of the italian autochthonous donkeys. | since its domestication, about 5000 years ago, the donkey (equus asinus) has been extensively used as a work or draft animal in agricultural activities and for the transportation of people and goods. in the last century, technology improvement and growing mechanization strongly affected agriculture and the management and use of this livestock species in the industrialized countries. nowadays, the use of donkeys for work or transport has almost disappeared, together with the need for mules or hin ... | 2013 | 22506921 |
| how do amino acid substitutions affect the amyloidogenic properties and seeding efficiency of prion peptides. | the amino acid sequences in the amyloidogenic region (amino acids 108-144) of several mammalian prion proteins were compared and variations were found to occur at residues 109 (m or l), 112 (m or v), 129 (m, v, or l), 135 (n or s), 138 (m, l, or i), 139 (m or i), and 143 (n or s). using the bovine prp peptide (residues 108-144 based on the numbering of the human prion protein sequence) as a control peptide, several peptides with one amino acid differing from that of the bovine prp peptide at res ... | 2013 | 23736988 |
| detection of qtl controlling metabolism, meat quality, and liver quality traits of the overfed interspecific hybrid mule duck. | the mule duck, an interspecific hybrid obtained by crossing common duck (anas platyrhynchos) females with muscovy (cairina moschata) drakes, is widely used for fatty liver production. the purpose of the present study was to detect and map single and pleiotropic qtl that segregate in the common duck species, and influence the expression of traits in their overfed mule duck offspring. to this end, we generated a common duck backcross (bc) population by crossing kaiya and heavy pekin experimental l ... | 2013 | 23148259 |
| seasonal foraging ecology of non-migratory cougars in a system with migrating prey. | we tested for seasonal differences in cougar (puma concolor) foraging behaviors in the southern yellowstone ecosystem, a multi-prey system in which ungulate prey migrate, and cougars do not. we recorded 411 winter prey and 239 summer prey killed by 28 female and 10 male cougars, and an additional 37 prey items by unmarked cougars. deer composed 42.4% of summer cougar diets but only 7.2% of winter diets. males and females, however, selected different proportions of different prey; male cougars se ... | 2013 | 24349498 |
| high elaeophorosis prevalence among harvested colorado moose. | infection with elaeophora schneideri, a filarial parasite, occurs commonly in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni), but seemingly less so in moose (alces alces). of 109 carotid artery samples from moose harvested throughout colorado, usa, in 2007, 14 (13%; 95% binomial confidence interval [bci]=7-21%) showed gross and 91 (83%; 95% bci=75-90%) showed histologic evidence of elaeophorosis. although neither blindness nor other clinical signs associated with elaeophorosis ... | 2013 | 23778618 |
| occurrence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in mules and donkeys in the northeast of brazil. | the aim of the present study was to investigate antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in the serum of mules and donkeys bred in the northeast of brazil. in total, 483 samples were used (395 mules and 88 donkeys) from 4 states (pernambuco, rio grande do norte, paraíba, and sergipe). the indirect immunofluorescence reaction (ifi) technique was used to investigate antibodies to t. gondii with a cut-off point of 64. positive frequencies of 23.8% and 43.2% were recorded for mules and donkeys, respectively. ... | 2013 | 22924911 |
| molecular characterization of trypanosoma (megatrypanum) spp. infecting cattle (bos taurus), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), and elk (cervus elaphus canadensis) in the united states. | in the united states, the generally non-pathogenic trypanosome of cattle is designated trypanosoma (megatrypanum) theileri and is distinguished morphologically from trypanosoma (m.) cervi, a trypanosome originally described in mule deer and elk. phylogenetic studies of the megatrypanum trypanosomes using various molecular markers reveal two lineages, designated tthi and tthii, with several genotypes within each. however, to date there is very limited genetic data for t. theileri, and none for th ... | 2013 | 23683651 |
| selective acquisition and retention of genomic sequences by pack-mutator-like elements based on guanine-cytosine content and the breadth of expression. | the process of gene duplication followed by sequence and functional divergence is important for the generation of new genes. pack-mules, nonautonomous mutator-like elements (mules) that carry genic sequence(s), are potentially involved in generating new open reading frames and regulating parental gene expression. these elements are identified in many plant genomes and are most abundant in rice (oryza sativa). despite the abundance of pack-mules, the mechanism by which parental genes are captured ... | 2013 | 24028844 |
| mobilization of a plant transposon by expression of the transposon-encoded anti-silencing factor. | transposable elements (tes) have a major impact on genome evolution, but they are potentially deleterious, and most of them are silenced by epigenetic mechanisms, such as dna methylation. here, we report the characterization of a te encoding an activity to counteract epigenetic silencing by the host. in arabidopsis thaliana, we identified a mobile copy of the mutator-like element (mule) with degenerated terminal inverted repeats (tirs). this te, named hiun (hi), is silent in wild-type plants, bu ... | 2013 | 23900287 |
| merogonic stages of theileria cervi in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus). | in february 2012, 12 farmed mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) were moved from a facility in southwestern oklahoma to a facility in southeastern oklahoma that housed 100 farmed white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). between the third and fifth weeks, 9 of the 12 mule deer had died, 4 of which were submitted for necropsy. the deer were heavily infested with amblyomma americanum (lone star ticks). hematologic data from 1 deer revealed severe anemia, leukocytosis, and intraerythrocytic hemoparasi ... | 2013 | 24029405 |
| development, evaluation, and laboratory validation of immunoassays for the diagnosis of equine infectious anemia (eia) using recombinant protein produced from a synthetic p26 gene of eia virus. | equine infectious anemia (eia)-a retroviral disease caused by equine infectious anemia virus (eiav)-is a chronic, debilitating disease of horses, mules, and donkeys. eiav infection has been reported worldwide and is recognized as pathogen of significant economic importance to the horse industry. this disease falls under regulatory control program in many countries including india. control of eia is based on identification of inapparent carriers by detection of antibodies to eiav in serologic tes ... | 2013 | 24426297 |
| investigation of equine influenza virus in two geographical regions of pakistan. | the present study was an attempt to elucidate the seroprevalence of equine influenza virus (h3n8) in two geographically distinct regions of pakistan where vaccination is not routinely practiced. | 2013 | 22923059 |
| wild ungulates as disseminators of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in urban areas. | in 2008, children playing on a soccer field in colorado were sickened with a strain of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157:h7, which was ultimately linked to feces from wild rocky mountain elk. we addressed whether wild cervids were a potential source of stec infections in humans and whether stec was ubiquitous throughout wild cervid populations in colorado. | 2013 | 24349083 |
| surveillance for echinococcus canadensis genotypes in canadian ungulates. | the geographic and host distribution, prevalence and genotypes of echinococcus canadensis in wild ungulates in canada are described to better understand the significance for wildlife and public health. we observed e. canadensis in 10.5% (11/105) of wild elk (wapiti; cervus canadensis) in riding mountain national park, manitoba, examined at necropsy, over two consecutive years (2010-2011). molecular characterization of hydatid cyst material from these elk, as well as three other intermediate wild ... | 2013 | 24533321 |
| biocide and copper tolerance in enterococci from different sources. | antimicrobial resistance in enterococci is a matter of concern. a collection of 272 strains (including 107 enterococcus faecalis and 165 enterococcus faecium strains) isolated from meat and dairy products, seafood, vegetable foods, wildflowers, animal feces (ewe, goat, horse, mule), and hospitals were tested for sensitivity to biocides of different classes (quaternary ammonium compounds, a bisphenol, and a biguanide) and copper sulfate. most isolates were inhibited at 25 mg of benzalkonium chlor ... | 2013 | 24112585 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors associated with babesia caballi and theileria equi infection in equids. | a cross-sectional study was carried out on equids (horses, mules and donkeys) in andalusia, southern spain, to assess the level of exposure to equine piroplasmosis and to investigate risk factors associated with these infections. at least one animal seropositive for theileria equi and/or babesia caballi was detected in 222/380 (58.4%) herds sampled by competitive inhibition elisas. the seroprevalences for b. caballi and t. equi were 13.2% and 56.1%, respectively; there was serological evidence o ... | 2013 | 22784418 |
| first serosurvey of besnoitia spp. infection in wild european ruminants in spain. | besnoitia besnoiti has been reported to affect cattle, wildebeest, kudu and impala, and b. tarandi other wild ruminants (caribou, reindeer, mule deer and musk ox), causing similar characteristic clinical signs and lesions. however, both besnoitia species have been reported in different geographical areas and the link between the sylvatic and domestic life cycles of besnoita spp. in wild ruminants and cattle remains unknown. the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of specific antibodie ... | 2013 | 23790546 |
| long-lasting effects of maternal condition in free-ranging cervids. | causes of phenotypic variation are fundamental to evolutionary ecology because they influence the traits acted upon by natural selection. one such cause of phenotypic variation is a maternal effect, which is the influence of the environment experienced by a female (and her corresponding phenotype) on the phenotype of her offspring (independent of the offspring's genotype). while maternal effects are well documented, the longevity and fitness impact of these effects remains unclear because it is ... | 2013 | 23472189 |
| the oxytricha trifallax macronuclear genome: a complex eukaryotic genome with 16,000 tiny chromosomes. | the macronuclear genome of the ciliate oxytricha trifallax displays an extreme and unique eukaryotic genome architecture with extensive genomic variation. during sexual genome development, the expressed, somatic macronuclear genome is whittled down to the genic portion of a small fraction (∼5%) of its precursor "silent" germline micronuclear genome by a process of "unscrambling" and fragmentation. the tiny macronuclear "nanochromosomes" typically encode single, protein-coding genes (a small port ... | 2013 | 23382650 |
| outbreak investigation and molecular characterization of african horse sickness virus circulating in selected areas of ethiopia. | the study was conducted from june 2011 to may 2012 in central, northern and western parts of ethiopia to investigate and identify circulating serotypes of african horse sickness virus (ahsv). the indigenous knowledge of equine owners about ahs in the study areas was assessed and also the retrospective data of ahs outbreaks for 2011 were analyzed. whole blood samples were collected for virus isolation and serotyping from diseased horses and mules showing typical signs of the ahs. virus isolation ... | 2013 | 23567554 |
| assessment of the effectiveness of the ppd-mallein produced in brazil for diagnosing glanders in mules. | to assess the potency of the ppd-mallein produced in brazil, five animals were from a property identified as a focus of glanders. these animals had suggestive clinical signs of the disease and the other five, from a property free from glanders, showed no clinical signs and were serology negative (control group). ppd-mallein from burkholderia mallei was obtained by precipitation with trichloroacetic acid and ammonium sulfate. the animals were inoculated according to the criteria established by de ... | 2013 | 24159303 |
| glanders in animals: a review on epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and countermeasures. | glanders or farcy, caused by burkholderia mallei, is an infectious and zoonotic disease of solipeds. horses, donkeys and mules are the only known natural reservoir of b. mallei. although glanders has been eradicated from most countries, it has regained the status of a re-emerging disease because of the numerous recent outbreaks. pre-symptomatic or carrier animals are the potential source of infection for the healthy equine population and play a crucial role in the spreading of the infectious age ... | 2013 | 22630609 |
| mother to offspring transmission of chronic wasting disease in reeves' muntjac deer. | the horizontal transmission of prion diseases has been well characterized in bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse), chronic wasting disease (cwd) of deer and elk and scrapie of sheep, and has been regarded as the primary mode of transmission. few studies have monitored the possibility of vertical transmission occurring within an infected mother during pregnancy. to study the potential for and pathway of vertical transmission of cwd in the native cervid species, we used a small cervid model-the ... | 2013 | 23977159 |
| immunization with a synthetic peptide vaccine fails to protect mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) from chronic wasting disease. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) adversely affects both wild and captive cervid populations. a vaccine to prevent cwd would be a highly desirable tool to aid in disease management. to this end, we tested in mule deer a combination of cwd vaccines consisting of cervid prion peptide sequences 168-vdqynnqntfvhdc-182 and 145-ndyedryyrenmyrypnq-164 that had previously been shown to delay onset of clinical disease and increase survival in a mouse-adapted scrapie model. thirteen captive mule deer (odocoil ... | 2013 | 23778624 |
| chronic wasting disease in bank voles: characterisation of the shortest incubation time model for prion diseases. | in order to assess the susceptibility of bank voles to chronic wasting disease (cwd), we inoculated voles carrying isoleucine or methionine at codon 109 (bv109i and bv109m, respectively) with cwd isolates from elk, mule deer and white-tailed deer. efficient transmission rate (100%) was observed with mean survival times ranging from 156 to 281 days post inoculation. subsequent passages in bv109i allowed us to isolate from all cwd sources the same vole-adapted cwd strain (bv(109i)cwd), typified by ... | 2013 | 23505374 |
| homogenization, sex, and differential motility predict spread of chronic wasting disease in mule deer in southern utah. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is an infectious prion disease that affects mule deer, along with other cervids. it is a slow-developing, fatal disease which is rare in the free-ranging deer population of utah. we present a sex-structured, spatial model for the spread of cwd over heterogeneous landscapes, incorporating both horizontal and environmental transmission pathways. to connect the local movement of deer to the regional spread of cwd, we use ecological diffusion with motility coefficients ... | 2014 | 23846241 |
| detection of chronic wasting disease in the lymph nodes of free-ranging cervids by real-time quaking-induced conversion. | chronic wasting disease (cwd), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of deer, elk, and moose, is the only prion disease affecting free-ranging animals. since the disease was first identified in northern colorado and southern wyoming in 1967, new epidemic foci of the disease have been identified in 20 additional states, as well as two canadian provinces and the republic of south korea. identification of cwd-affected animals currently requires postmortem analysis of brain or lymphoid tissues u ... | 2014 | 24958799 |
| "atypical" chronic wasting disease in prnp genotype 225ff mule deer. | we compared mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) of two different prnp genotypes (225ss, 225ff) for susceptibility to chronic wasting disease (cwd) in the face of environmental exposure to infectivity. all three 225ss deer had immunohistochemistry (ihc)-positive tonsil biopsies by 710 days postexposure (dpe), developed classic clinical signs by 723-1,200 dpe, and showed gross and microscopic pathology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) results, and ihc staining typical of prion disease in mul ... | 2014 | 24807352 |
| mineral licks: motivational factors for visitation and accompanying disease risk at communal use sites of elk and deer. | free-ranging cervids acquire most of their essential minerals through forage consumption, though occasionally seek other sources to account for seasonal mineral deficiencies. mineral sources occur as natural geological deposits (i.e., licks) or as anthropogenic mineral supplements. in both scenarios, these sources commonly serve as focal sites for visitation. we monitored 11 licks in rocky mountain national park, north-central colorado, using trail cameras to quantify daily visitation indices (d ... | 2014 | 24711146 |
| seroprevalence of babesia caballi and theileria equi in five draught equine populated metropolises of punjab, pakistan. | equine piroplasmosis (ep) caused by intraerythrocytic parasites (theileria equi and babesia caballi) is an emerging equine disease of world-wide distribution. in pakistan, the prevalence and incidence of ep are unknown. in order to obtain the first insights into the prevalence of the disease, a total of 430 equids, including 33 mules, 65 horses and 332 donkeys, aging from ≤ 5 to ≥ 10 years of either sex, from five metropolises of punjab, pakistan, were serologically tested for the presence of an ... | 2014 | 24582524 |
| first detection and molecular characterization of echinococcus equinus in a mule in turkey. | cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease with a cosmopolital distribution. it is caused by the larval stages (metacestodes) of the parasite echinococcus granulosus which infects different animal species. in this report, we present a case of e. granulosus infection in a mule and molecular characterization of the cyst. for this purpose parasite material was collected from the liver of a necropsied mule. dna was isolated and pcr amplification of mitochondrial 12s rrna as well as partial sequenci ... | 2014 | 25236292 |
| lactobacillus sakei modulates mule duck microbiota in ileum and ceca during overfeeding. | the supplementation with lactobacillus sakei as probiotic on the ileal and cecal microbiota of mule ducks during overfeeding was investigated using high-throughput 16s rrna gene-based pyrosequencing and real-time pcr. the ducks were overfed with or without l. sakei for 12 d with 56% ground corn and 42% whole corn. samples were collected before the overfeeding period (at 12 wk), at 13 wk (meal 12 of overfeeding), and at 14 wk (meal 24), 3 h postfeeding. whatever the digestive segment and the leve ... | 2014 | 24706969 |
| can equids be a reservoir of leishmania braziliensis in endemic areas? | in this study, we detected leishmania (viannia) braziliensis infection in equids living in endemic regions of cutaneous leishmaniasis. to determine the role of these animals in the leishmania cycle, we used two approaches: serological and molecular methods. antibodies to the parasite were assayed using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). blood samples were collected and tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and the positive products were sequenced. the results showed that 11.0% ( ... | 2014 | 24721908 |
| equine viral arteritis. | equine arteritis virus (eav), the causative agent of equine viral arteritis (eva), is a respiratory and reproductive disease that occurs throughout the world. eav infection is highly species-specific and exclusively limited to members of the family equidae, which includes horses, donkeys, mules, and zebras. eva is an economically important disease and outbreaks could cause significant losses to the equine industry. the primary objective of this article is to summarize current understanding of ev ... | 2014 | 25441113 |
| re-evaluating neonatal-age models for ungulates: does model choice affect survival estimates? | new-hoof growth is regarded as the most reliable metric for predicting age of newborn ungulates, but variation in estimated age among hoof-growth equations that have been developed may affect estimates of survival in staggered-entry models. we used known-age newborns to evaluate variation in age estimates among existing hoof-growth equations and to determine the consequences of that variation on survival estimates. during 2001-2009, we captured and radiocollared 174 newborn (≤24-hrs old) ungulat ... | 2014 | 25264612 |
| deer mothers are sensitive to infant distress vocalizations of diverse mammalian species. | acoustic structure, behavioral context, and caregiver responses to infant distress vocalizations (cries) are similar across mammals, including humans. are these similarities enough for animals to respond to distress vocalizations of taxonomically and ecologically distant species? we show that mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) mothers approach a speaker playing distress vocalizations of infant marmots (marmota flaviventris), seals (neophoca cinerea and ... | 2014 | 25226186 |
| the vtlisfg motif in the bh1 domain plays a significant role in regulating the degradation of mcl-1. | mcl-1 is a member of the bcl-2 family protein; its degradation is required for the initiation of apoptosis. the mechanism, however, is not yet clearly known. previously, it was reported that mcl-1 is degraded through the ubiquitination-mediated pathway and the pest domain is the motif responsible for promoting this degradation. we found evidence that this may not be true. we generated several mcl-1 deletion mutants and examined their effects on protein stability. deletion of the pest domain did ... | 2014 | 24490139 |
| early detection of trypanosoma evansi infection and monitoring of antibody levels by elisa following treatment. | in present communication, we report an outbreak of trypanosoma evansi in equine herd n = 30 (horse and mules) which, were reared in fly proof stables as well as in open paddock maintained under semi-intensive system of management, and its effective control using trypanocidal drug. the infection was monitored by antibody elisa up to 180 days post-treatment (pt). a total of 8 out of 14 equines (57.14 %) which were maintained only in open paddocks were found positive with t. evansi infection parasi ... | 2014 | 24505190 |
| improving residual feed intake of mule progeny of muscovy ducks: genetic parameters and responses to selection with emphasis on carcass composition and fatty liver quality. | in france, about 95% of the fatty liver production comes from mule ducks, an infertile hybrid cross between female common ducks (anas platyrhynchos) and muscovy drakes (cairina moschata). as a hybrid, genetic improvement of the performance of mule ducks is achieved by selection of the parental populations. feed represents two-thirds of the total costs of duck production; thus, the breeders' main concern is to improve the birds' feed efficiency without impairing their capacity to be overfed after ... | 2014 | 25085390 |
| the influence of choice feeding and cereal type (corn or triticale) during the finishing period on performance of mule ducks. | the aim of this trial was to study the influence of choice feeding and cereal type (corn or triticale) during the finishing period on performance of ducks. in total, 624 one-day-old male mule ducks (cairina moschata × anas platyrhynchos) were divided into 3 groups differing in the diet they received between 56 and 84 d of age: a commercial complete pelleted diet (control group; amen 12.1 mj/kg, cp 15%), or corn whole seeds (amen 14.4 mj/kg, cp 7.3%) and protein-rich pellets (amen 9.9 mj/kg, cp 2 ... | 2014 | 25002547 |
| metabolomic study of fatty livers in ducks: identification by 1h-nmr of metabolic markers associated with technological quality. | the control of fatty liver fat loss during cooking is a major issue. previous studies showed that fat loss was influenced by bird production factors and liver technological treatments. however, part of the variability in fat loss remained uncontrolled. to provide enhanced insights into the determinism of fatty liver quality, liver hydrophilic metabolite profiles were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance of the proton ((1)h-nmr). the study aimed at i) comparing fatty livers with extreme fat los ... | 2014 | 24879704 |
| increasing incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome could be associated with livestock husbandry in changchun, northeastern china. | since the end of the 1990s, the incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) has been increasing dramatically in changchun, northeastern china. however, it is unknown which, and how, underlying risk factors have been involved in the reemergence of the disease. | 2014 | 24894341 |
| effect of varying dietary starch and fiber levels and inoculum source (mule deer vs. dairy cow) on simulated rumen fermentation characteristics. | this study measured starch and fiber digestion and microbial fermentation of three commercial exotic animal feeds using mule deer (md) or dairy cow (dc) rumen inoculum. diets were formulated to provide either high starch/low fiber (based on neutral detergent fiber fraction; ndf) with either alfalfa (diet a) or grain and oilseed byproducts (diet b) as the major fiber sources or low starch/high ndf (diet c). an initial batch culture incubation was run with diets inoculated with each rumen inoculum ... | 2014 | 24395284 |
| accounting for individual behavioural variation in studies of habitat selection. | a caribou wearing an animal-borne video camera (a) and animal-borne video footage taken from systems deployed on mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in north-central washington state, usa (b-d). when paired with tracking technology, animal-borne video can reveal detailed information about behaviour and environmental features at each location: (b) feeding, (c) vigilant in the open, (d) vigilant in cover, (e) resting in the open. accordingly, animal-borne video systems should allow for analyses of hab ... | 2014 | 24428597 |
| detailed analysis of the individual feeding behavior of male and female mule ducks. | the feeding behavior of 19 mule ducks (males and females) bred in a group was studied during their growth phase (between 3 and 8 wk of age) using the recording system for waterfowl feeding behavior developed in our lab. the basic feeding behavior data obtained allowed us to confirm on the one hand the reliability of our tool and, on the other hand, to compute food intake traits per day (adfi, number of visits, and time spent feeding per day), per visit (feed intake per visit, visit duration, and ... | 2014 | 24496838 |
| prevalence of cutaneous pathological conditions and factors associated with the presence of skin wounds in working equids in tropical regions of veracruz, mexico. | a wide spectrum of welfare issues is encountered on working equids. the objectives of this study were: (i) to determine the prevalence of cutaneous lesions in working equids in tropical regions of the north-central of veracruz state, mexico, (ii) to identify the most prevalent cutaneous pathological conditions in this population of working equids, and (iii) to identify risk factors associated to the presence of work-related skin wounds. a number of 467 working equids presented for treatment at d ... | 2014 | 24488621 |
| nested insertions and accumulation of indels are negatively correlated with abundance of mutator-like transposable elements in maize and rice. | mutator-like transposable elements (mules) are widespread in plants and were first discovered in maize where there are a total of 12,900 mules. in comparison, rice, with a much smaller genome, harbors over 30,000 mules. since maize and rice are close relatives, the differential amplification of mules raised an inquiry into the underlying mechanism. we hypothesize this is partly attributed to the differential copy number of autonomous mules with the potential to generate the transposase that is r ... | 2014 | 24475224 |
| walking on thin ice! identifying methamphetamine "drug mules" on digital plain radiography. | the purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of identifying methamphetamine (ma) internal payloads in "drug mules" by plain abdominal digital radiography (dr). | 2014 | 24472728 |
| huwe1 interacts with brca1 and promotes its degradation in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. | the cellular brca1 protein level is essential for its tumor suppression activity and is tightly regulated through multiple mechanisms including ubiquitn-proteasome system. e3 ligases are involved to promote brca1 for ubiquitination and degradation. here, we identified huwe1/mule/arf-bp1 as a novel brca1-interacting protein involved in the control of brca1 protein level. huwe1 binds brca1 through its n-terminus degron domain. depletion of huwe1 by sirna-mediated interference significantly increas ... | 2014 | 24472556 |
| regulation of human mutyh dna glycosylase by the e3 ubiquitin ligase mule. | oxidation of dna is a frequent and constantly occurring event. one of the best characterized oxidative dna lesions is 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxo-g). it instructs most dna polymerases to preferentially insert an adenine (a) opposite 8-oxo-g instead of the appropriate cytosine (c) thus showing miscoding potential. the muty dna glycosylase homologue (mutyh) recognizes a:8-oxo-g mispairs and removes the mispaired a giving way to the canonical base excision repair that ultimately restores undama ... | 2014 | 24443563 |
| healthcare supported by data mule networks in remote communities of the amazon region. | this paper investigates the feasibility of using boats as data mule nodes, carrying medical ultrasound videos from remote and isolated communities in the amazon region in brazil, to the main city of that area. the videos will be used by physicians to perform remote analysis and follow-up routine of prenatal examinations of pregnant women. two open source simulators (the one and ns-2) were used to evaluate the results obtained utilizing a codpon (continuous displacement plan oriented network). th ... | 2014 | 27433519 |
| huwe1 interacts with brca1 and promotes its degradation in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. | the cellular brca1 protein level is essential for its tumor suppression activity and is tightly regulated through multiple mechanisms including ubiquitn-proteasome system. e3 ligases are involved to promote brca1 for ubiquitination and degradation. here, we identified huwe1/mule/arf-bp1 as a novel brca1-interacting protein involved in the control of brca1 protein level. huwe1binds brca1 through its n-terminus degron domain. depletion of huwe1 by sirna-mediated interference significantly increase ... | 2014 | 24342616 |
| spatial characterization of leptospira spp. infection in equids from the brejo paraibano micro-region in brazil. | the present study, the first to spatially characterize leptospira spp. infection among equids in the brejo paraibano micro-region of the paraiba state in the northeast of brazil, investigated 257 animals in 26 farms properties. serum samples from 204 horses, 46 mules and seven donkeys were serologically diagnosed using the microscopic agglutination test (mat). the distribution of leptospira spp. was studied by employing specific antigens from 24 different leptospira serovars. all farms were geor ... | 2014 | 24893023 |
| range-wide analysis of genetic structure in a widespread, highly mobile species (odocoileus hemionus) reveals the importance of historical biogeography. | highly mobile species that thrive in a wide range of habitats are expected to show little genetic differentiation across their range. a limited but growing number of studies have revealed that patterns of broad-scale genetic differentiation can and do emerge in vagile, continuously distributed species. however, these patterns are complex and often shaped by both historical and ecological factors. comprehensive surveys of genetic variation at a broad scale and at high resolution are useful for de ... | 2014 | 24863151 |
| mcl-1 ubiquitination: unique regulation of an essential survival protein. | mcl-1 is an anti-apoptotic protein of the bcl-2 family that is essential for the survival of multiple cell lineages and that is highly amplified in human cancer. under physiological conditions, mcl-1 expression is tightly regulated at multiple levels, involving transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational processes. ubiquitination of mcl-1, that targets it for proteasomal degradation, allows for rapid elimination of the protein and triggering of cell death, in response to various ... | 2014 | 24814761 |
| use of a motorized morcellator for elective bilateral laparoscopic ovariectomy in standing equids: 30 cases (2007-2013). | to describe the use of a motorized morcellator for elective bilateral laparoscopic ovariectomy in standing equids and to evaluate long-term outcome. | 2014 | 24786168 |
| coyotes, deer, and wildflowers: diverse evidence points to a trophic cascade. | spatial gradients in human activity, coyote activity, deer activity, and deer herbivory provide an unusual type of evidence for a trophic cascade. activity of coyotes, which eat young mule deer (fawns), decreased with proximity to a remote biological field station, indicating that these predators avoided an area of high human activity. in contrast, activity of adult female deer (does) and intensity of herbivory on palatable plant species both increased with proximity to the station and were posi ... | 2014 | 24728614 |
| relationship between proteolytic activities and cooking loss variability in liver issued from force-fed mule ducks. | we investigated liver protease activities to better understand the mechanisms responsible for losses during the cooking of mule ducks' fatty livers. fatty livers of similar masses (520 g) were randomly selected among a large flock of overfed male mule ducks and divided into two groups on the basis of their cooking loss rate, l+ (high cooking losses, 36%) and l- (low cooking losses, 21%). in addition to dry matter and total lipid contents, main hepatic protease (matrix metalloproteinase 2, cathep ... | 2014 | 24655002 |
| luteoprotective role of equine chorionic gonadotropin (ecg) during pregnancy in the mare. | the effects of repeated cloprostenol administration were compared in mares impregnated by horses and mares impregnated by donkeys in order to assess the role of ecg on the development of pregnancy-associated resistance to the luteolytic and abortifacient effects of pgf2α. eleven mares impregnated by donkey (mule pregnancy) and 9 mares impregnated by horse (horse pregnancy) were used. six mares with mule pregnancy and four with horse pregnancy were injected with cloprostenol (0.25 mg) when they w ... | 2014 | 24617452 |
| peptide and small molecule inhibitors of hect-type ubiquitin ligases. | the human genome encodes several hundred e3 ubiquitin ligases containing ring domains, and around 28 containing hect domains. these enzymes catalyze the transfer of ubiquitin from e2 enzyme thioesters to a huge range of substrates and play crucial roles in many cellular functions. this makes them attractive potential therapeutic targets. however, they have proven difficult to inhibit: very few good inhibitors exist for ring domain ligases, and none have been described for hect ligases. here we s ... | 2014 | 25385595 |
| does the upstream region possessing mule-like sequence in rice upregulate psbs1 gene expression? | the genomic nucleotide sequences of japonica rice (sasanishiki and nipponbare) contained about 2.7-kb unique region at the point of 0.4-kb upstream of the ospsbs1 gene. in this study, we found that japonica rice with a few exceptions possessing such dna sequences [denoted to osmule-japonica specific sequence (jss)] is distinct by the presence of mutator-like-element (mule). such sequence was absent in most of indica cultivars and oryza glaberrima. in osmule-jss1, we noted the presence of possibl ... | 2014 | 25259844 |
| tumor cell-specific inhibition of myc function using small molecule inhibitors of the huwe1 ubiquitin ligase. | deregulated expression of myc is a driver of colorectal carcinogenesis, necessitating novel strategies to inhibit myc function. the ubiquitin ligase huwe1 (hecth9, arf-bp1, mule) associates with both myc and the myc-associated protein miz1. we show here that huwe1 is required for growth of colorectal cancer cells in culture and in orthotopic xenograft models. using high-throughput screening, we identify small molecule inhibitors of huwe1, which inhibit myc-dependent transactivation in colorectal ... | 2014 | 25253726 |
| recommended survey designs for occupancy modelling using motion-activated cameras: insights from empirical wildlife data. | motion-activated cameras are a versatile tool that wildlife biologists can use for sampling wild animal populations to estimate species occurrence. occupancy modelling provides a flexible framework for the analysis of these data; explicitly recognizing that given a species occupies an area the probability of detecting it is often less than one. despite the number of studies using camera data in an occupancy framework, there is only limited guidance from the scientific literature about survey des ... | 2014 | 25210658 |
| herbivore body condition response in altered environments: mule deer and habitat management. | the relationships between habitat, body condition, life history characteristics, and fitness components of ungulates are interwoven and of interest to researchers as they strive to understand the impacts of a changing environment. with the increased availability of portable ultrasound machines and the refinement of hormonal assays, assessment of ungulate body condition has become an accessible monitoring strategy. we employed body condition scoring, estimation of % ingesta-free body fat (%ifbf), ... | 2014 | 25184410 |
| accumulation and elimination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in mule ducks. | in taiwan, a food safety crisis involving a presence of high concentrations of dioxin residues in duck eggs occurred in 2004. the dioxin content in duck meat sampled from supermarkets was also reported to be substantially higher than in products from other farm animals. despite increased awareness of the potential for contamination and exposure to dioxins, the accumulation and elimination of dioxins in ducks have not been well characterized. in the present study, mule ducks were fed capsules con ... | 2014 | 25129161 |
| behavioral traits and airport type affect mammal incidents with u.s. civil aircraft. | wildlife incidents with aircraft cost the united states (u.s.) civil aviation industry >us$1.4 billion in estimated damages and loss of revenue from 1990 to 2009. although terrestrial mammals represented only 2.3 % of wildlife incidents, damage to aircraft occurred in 59 % of mammal incidents. we examined mammal incidents (excluding bats) at all airports in the federal aviation administration (faa) national wildlife strike database from 1990 to 2010 to characterize these incidents by airport typ ... | 2014 | 25082299 |
| monitoring regulation of dna repair activities of cultured cells in-gel using the comet assay. | base excision repair (ber) is the predominant cellular mechanism by which human cells repair dna base damage, sites of base loss, and dna single strand breaks of various complexity, that are generated in their thousands in every human cell per day as a consequence of cellular metabolism and exogenous agents, including ionizing radiation. over the last three decades the comet assay has been employed in scientific research to examine the cellular response to these types of dna damage in cultured c ... | 2014 | 25076968 |
| dichotomous role of pancreatic huwe1/mule/arf-bp1 in modulating beta cell apoptosis in mice under physiological and genotoxic conditions. | diabetes mellitus represents a significant burden on the health of the global population. both type 1 and type 2 diabetes share a common feature of a reduction in functional beta cell mass. a newly discovered ubiquitination molecule hect, uba and wwe domain containing 1, e3 ubiquitin protein ligase (huwe1 [also known as mule or arf-bp1]) is a critical regulator of p53-dependent apoptosis. however, its role in islet homeostasis is not entirely clear. | 2014 | 24981769 |
| histocompositional organization and toughening mechanisms in antler. | mechanical testing studies by krauss et al. (2009) and gupta et al. (2013) suggest that the extraordinary toughness of antler bone is primarily achieved by intrinsic/nanostructural mechanisms instead of extrinsic/microstructural mechanisms. however, this conclusion is based on data from extremely small specimens from one antler loaded only in tension, which impedes discernment of the relative importance of intrinsic vs. extrinsic mechanisms. in the present study we conducted analyses into the mi ... | 2014 | 24981169 |
| mule duck "foie gras" shows different metabolic states according to its quality phenotype by using a proteomic approach. | this study aimed at identifying the mechanisms implicated in "foie gras" quality variability through the study of the relationships between liver protein compositions and four liver quality phenotypes: liver weight, melting rate, and protein contents on crude or dry matter. spots of soluble proteins were separated by bidimensional electrophoresis, and the relative abundance of proteins according to quality traits values was investigated. twenty-three protein spots (19 unique identified proteins) ... | 2014 | 24976256 |
| zoonoses from pets horses, donkeys and mules: with special references to egypt. | a zoonosis is an animal disease that is transmissible to humans. humans are usually an accidental host that acquires disease through close contact with an infected animal, who may or may not be symptomatic. children are at highest risk for infection because they are more likely to have close contact with pets. pets are responsible for transmission of an extensive array of bacterial, fungal, and parasitic zoonotic pathogens. the route of transmission can be through the saliva (e.g., bites or cont ... | 2014 | 24961014 |
| selecting the quality of mule duck fatty liver based on near-infrared spectroscopy. | "foie gras" is produced predominantly in france and about 90% of the commercialized product is obtained from male mule ducks. the melting rate (percentage of fat released during cooking) is the main criterion used to determine the quality of "foie gras". however, up to now the melting rate could not be predicted without causing liver damage, which means that selection programs could not use this criterion. | 2014 | 24917150 |
| evolution, reproduction and definition of life. | synthetic theory of evolution is a superior integrative biological theory. therefore, there is nothing surprising about the fact that multiple attempts of defining life are based on this theory. one of them even has a status of nasa's working definition. according to this definition, 'life is a self-sustained chemical system capable of undergoing darwinian evolution' luisi (orig life evol bios 28:613-622, 1998); cleland, chyba (orig life evol bios 32:387-393, 2002). this definition is often cons ... | 2014 | 23674095 |
| demystifying the epidemic among achaeans during the trojan war. | although some modern scholars believe that homer had at least a basic medical education, given that a plethora of medical terms may be found in his poems, in the case of the pestilence that killed the achaeans (one of the hellenic peoples believed to have inhabited the peloponnese) at troy, his reference was simply informative. no symptoms were mentioned and the only thing known was that mules and dogs were the first to die. while delphic apollo was usually on the side of peloponnesians, during ... | 2014 | 25551854 |
| fine-scale genetic correlates to condition and migration in a wild cervid. | the relationship between genetic variation and phenotypic traits is fundamental to the study and management of natural populations. such relationships often are investigated by assessing correlations between phenotypic traits and heterozygosity or genetic differentiation. using an extensive data set compiled from free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), we combined genetic and ecological data to (i) examine correlations between genetic differentiation and migration timing, (ii) screen for m ... | 2014 | 25469172 |
| helping working equidae and their owners in developing countries: monitoring and evaluation of evidence-based interventions. | there are an estimated 112 million equidae (horses, donkeys, mules) in the developing world, providing essential resources for their owners' livelihoods and well-being. the impoverished situation of their owners and the often harsh conditions in which they work mean that the animals' welfare is a cause for concern. a number of equine non-governmental organisations (ngos) operate within working equid communities providing veterinary care, education and training programmes aimed at improving equin ... | 2014 | 24269105 |
| functional analysis of normalized difference vegetation index curves reveals overwinter mule deer survival is driven by both spring and autumn phenology. | large herbivore populations respond strongly to remotely sensed measures of primary productivity. whereas most studies in seasonal environments have focused on the effects of spring plant phenology on juvenile survival, recent studies demonstrated that autumn nutrition also plays a crucial role. we tested for both direct and indirect (through body mass) effects of spring and autumn phenology on winter survival of 2315 mule deer fawns across a wide range of environmental conditions in idaho, usa. ... | 2014 | 24733951 |
| mule spinner's disease. | mule spinner's disease represents the occurrence of scrotal cancer in cotton textile workers exposed to mineral oils on a long-term basis while working on a machine called "the mule." we describe a 66-year-old cotton textile worker who had frequent scrotal contact with mineral oils and later had multiple squamous cell carcinomas of the scrotum develop. he also had a variety of other keratotic lesions develop on the scrotum that histopathologically demonstrated features of verruca, lichenoid kera ... | 2014 | 3977358 |
| incidence of burkholderia mallei infection among indigenous equines in india. | burkholderia mallei is the causative agent of glanders which is a highly contagious and fatal disease of equines. considering the nature and severity of the disease in equines, and potential of transmission to human beings, glanders is recognised as a 'notifiable' disease in many countries. an increasing number of glanders outbreaks throughout the asian continents, including india, have been noticed recently. in view of the recent re-emergence of the disease, the present study was undertaken to ... | 2015 | 26457190 |
| the silent chindit mules. | 2015 | 6418280 | |
| heterogeneous variances and genetics by environment interactions in genetic evaluation of crossbred lambs. | accounting for environmental heteroscedasticity and genetics by environment interaction (g×e) in genetic evaluation is important because animals may not perform predictably across environments. the objectives of this study were to evaluate the presence and consequences of heteroscedasticity and g×e on genetic evaluation. the population considered was crossbred lambs sired by terminal sires and reared under commercial conditions in the uk. data on 6325 lambs sired by charollais, suffolk and texel ... | 2015 | 25407759 |
| osseointegration of acellular and cellularized osteoconductive scaffolds: is tissue engineering using mesenchymal stem cells necessary for implant fixation? | the main issue associated with revision total hip replacements (rthrs) is how to generate new bone adjacent to implants and achieve fixation of the revision implant. in its simplest form, bone tissue engineering (bte) combines cells and scaffolds in vitro to replace damaged or lost bone in vivo. our aim was to develop bte porous tial6v4 constructs with a calcium-phosphate coating without or with mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) seeded throughout the entire porous structure to enhance new bone forma ... | 2015 | 24913035 |