Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| the biological effects induced in mice by p36, a proteinaceous factor of virulence produced by african swine fever virus, are mediated by interleukin-4 and also to a lesser extent by interleukin-10. | we have previously presented indirect evidence that both specific immunosuppression and lymphocyte mitogenicity induced in mice by p36, a proteinaceous factor of virulence produced by porcine monocytes infected by african swine fever virus, were consistent with a th2-driven response. here we show: (1) interleukin-4 (il-4) and interleukin-10 (il-10) mrna expression in the spleen and thymus of c57bl/6 mice were displayed early after p36 inoculation. the expression of thymic il-10 mrna occurred, ho ... | 1999 | 10233720 |
| ns5a, a nonstructural protein of hepatitis c virus, binds growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 adaptor protein in a src homology 3 domain/ligand-dependent manner and perturbs mitogenic signaling. | although hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is an emerging global epidemic causing severe liver disorders, the molecular mechanisms of hcv pathogenesis remain elusive. the ns5a nonstructural protein of hcv contains several proline-rich sequences consistent with src homology (sh) 3-binding sites found in cellular signaling molecules. here, we demonstrate that ns5a specifically bound to growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (grb2) adaptor protein. immunoblot analysis of anti-grb2 immune complexes ... | 1999 | 10318918 |
| closed one-tube reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction for the detection of pestiviral rna with fluorescent probes. | an assay was developed in which reverse transcription (rt), nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and accumulation of amplicon-specific fluorescence could take place in a single, closed reaction tube. the assay, which was classical swine fever virus rna-specific, was compared with other methods for detection of this virus, including various rt-pcr configurations, virus isolation and elisa. the new method was very sensitive, and less prone to giving false positive results compared to nested pcr ... | 1999 | 10328538 |
| replication of african swine fever virus dna in infected cells. | we have examined the ultrastructural localization of african swine fever virus dna in thin-sections of infected cells by in situ hybridization and autoradiography. virus-specific dna sequences were found in the nucleus of infected vero cells at early times in the synthesis of the viral dna, forming dense foci localized in proximity to the nuclear membrane. at later times, the viral dna was found exclusively in the cytoplasm. electron microscopic autoradiography of african swine fever virus-infec ... | 1999 | 10329562 |
| localization of pestiviral envelope proteins e(rns) and e2 at the cell surface and on isolated particles. | the glycoproteins e(rns) of classical swine fever virus (csfv) and e(rns) and e2 of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) are shown to be located at the surface of infected cells by the use of indirect immunofluorescence and by cytofluorometric analysis. the positive immunostaining of the cell surface was further analysed by immunogold electron microscopy and it could be shown that only extracellular virions were labelled. gold granules were not seen at the cellular plasma membrane. in contrast to ... | 1999 | 10355762 |
| [use of monoclonal antibodies for studying the classical hog cholera virus]. | numerous monoclonal antibodies (mab) to hog cholera virus are a highly specific and effective instrument for studies of this agent. panels of mab for differential diagnosis of pestiviruses are characterized. international reference panel of 30 mabs is a result of cooperation of european scientists; it was approved as the official reference for assessing all available and new diagnostic agents. mab permit intraspecies differentiation between hog cholera virus strains and, which is particularly im ... | 1999 | 10358897 |
| the african swine fever virus prenyltransferase is an integral membrane trans-geranylgeranyl-diphosphate synthase. | in a previous study, it was shown that the protein encoded by the gene b318l of african swine fever virus (asfv) is a trans-prenyltransferase that catalyzes in vitro the condensation of farnesyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate to synthesize geranylgeranyl diphosphate and longer chain prenyl diphosphates (alejo, a., yáñez, r. j., rodríguez, j. m., viñuela, e., and salas, m. l. (1997) j. biol. chem. 272, 9417-9423). to investigate the in vivo function of the viral enzyme, we have determine ... | 1999 | 10364254 |
| african swine fever virus: a b cell-mitogenic virus in vivo and in vitro. | the two major characteristics of pathogenesis in african swine fever virus (asfv) infections of domestic pigs are massive b-cell apoptosis and haemorrhage. the effects of asfv on porcine b cells have therefore been systematically examined in vivo, by using virus-infected pigs and scid-beige mice reconstituted with porcine bone marrow, and in vitro, by using porcine b-cell lines and b cells from normal and asfv-infected pigs. secretion of porcine ig was stimulated by asfv both in vivo and in bone ... | 1999 | 10374963 |
| mutations in the ns5a gene predict response to interferon therapy in japanese patients with chronic hepatitis c and cirrhosis. | the virus genotype, serum hcv-rna level and liver histology are reported to be important factors in the response to interferon therapy. recent studies have revealed that hcv ns5a 2209-2248 amino acid changes affect the response to interferon therapy of genotype 1b chronic hepatitis c. in contrast, some studies done in western countries have reported no such correlation. in the present study, interferon therapy was given to 58 japanese patients, including 15 liver cirrhosis patients. ns5a 2209-22 ... | 1999 | 10381214 |
| comparative sequence analysis of classical swine fever virus isolates from the epizootic in the netherlands in 1997-1998. | sixteen classical swine fever virus (csfv) field isolates from outbreaks of classical swine fever from the period between february 1997 and march 1998 in the netherlands were sequence analysed. parts of the 5' noncoding region (5'ncr) and the e1/e2 gene were sequenced after rt-pcr. the obtained sequences were compared with isolates of recent outbreaks in europe and those of former outbreaks in the netherlands. sequence alignment of the 5'ncr region (321 bp) revealed that the isolates of the dutc ... | 1999 | 10384890 |
| genetic variation in the 5' end and ns5b regions of classical swine fever virus genome among japanese isolates. | sixteen clinical strains of classical swine fever virus (csfv) isolated in japan were subjected to analyses of nucleotide sequence variations in the 5' end and ns5b regions of the genome. these isolates were divided into three genovars, csfv-1, csfv-2 and csfv-3, based on palindromic nucleotide substitutions at the three variable loci in the 5' untranslated region (utr). phylogenetic trees constructed from nucleotide sequences in the 5'-utr and ns5b gene indicated that the csfv strains were divi ... | 1999 | 10385204 |
| virus antigen expression and alterations in peripheral blood mononuclear cell subpopulations after classical swine fever virus infection. | depletion in the number of lymphocytes and viral persistence are thought to be the most important outcomes of classical swine fever virus (csfv) infection. to define the change in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) and virus replication in leukocytes after csfv infection, 8-week old pigs were infected with the lpc vaccine strain or virulent csfv (hcv-yl strain). changes in the relative number of pbmcs were analyzed by flow cytometry. the results showed a significant increase in the relati ... | 1999 | 10392774 |
| [genetic characteristics of the kc vaccine strain of hog cholera virus: comparative analysis of the primary sequence of surface glycoprotein e(rns), e1, and e2 genes]. | primary structure of a genome fragment of attenuated strain cs of hog cholera virus (hcv) coding for three surface glycoproteins erns, e1, and e2 (fragment size 2379 nucleotides) is analyzed. by the nucleotide sequence the homology between strain cs and ten other virulent and attenuated hcv strains in this area is 84.9-94.6%, 87.2-94.6% in gene erns, 84.6-96.9% in gene e1, and 83.3-94.3% in gene e2. by amino acid sequence the homology is 90.9-94.3%, 92.9-95.0%, 92.3-95.6%, and 88.9-94.1%, respec ... | 1999 | 10396731 |
| genetic analysis of pestiviruses at the 3' end of the genome. | specific pcr primers were selected for each pestivirus genotype which flanked the 3'-part of the ns5b gene and more than three quarters of the 3'-utr. pcr products were sequenced in both directions using an automatic sequencing device and analyzed by computer package program dnastar. a comparative analysis of the 3' untranslated region (3'-utr) of 82 viruses, representing the four genotypes of the pestivirus genus, provided a similar phylogenetic grouping as other genomic regions. intertypic rec ... | 1999 | 10403696 |
| prevalence of gbv-c/hepatitis g virus rna and e2 antibody among subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 after parenteral or sexual exposure. | gb virus c (gbv-c) or hepatitis g virus (hgv) is transmitted by the parenteral route but the importance of sexual transmission needs to be ascertained. gbv-c/hgv infections were investigated using rna and e2-antibody detection methods in 80 subjects infected by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) divided into 4 groups of 20 individuals each according to their main risk factor for hiv-1 infection: blood product recipients (group 1), intravenous drug users (group 2), homosexuals (group ... | 1999 | 10421404 |
| phenotypic analysis of peripheral leukocytes in piglets infected with classical swine fever virus. | the phenotypic changes in circulating leukocytes in swine fever influenced by classical swine fever virus (csfv) infection with different strain virulence was studied in piglets. the phenotypic differences were measured by monoclonal antibodies specific for porcine differentiation antigens. the pattern of phenotypic change varied with the virulence of csfv. infection with virulent, but not the attenuated strain of csfv resulted in the dramatic early loss of cd8-bearing t lymphocytes from the cir ... | 1999 | 10425241 |
| laboratory-scale inactivation of african swine fever virus and swine vesicular disease virus in pig slurry. | two methods were evaluated for the inactivation of african swine fever (asv) and swine vesicular disease (svd) viruses in pig slurry: chemical treatment and heat treatment. the addition of naoh or ca(oh)2 at different concentration/time combinations at 4 degrees c and 22 degrees c was examined, as was virus stability at different temperature/time combinations. asf virus (asfv) was less resistant to both methods than svd virus (svdv). in slurry from one source, asfv was inactivated at 65 degrees ... | 1999 | 10432596 |
| cytopathogenic and noncytopathogenic rna replicons of classical swine fever virus. | to determine the minimal requirements for autonomous rna replication of classical swine fever virus (csfv), genomes having in-frame deletions within the genes for structural and flanking nonstructural proteins were constructed, based on an infectious cdna clone of csfv alfort/187. rna was transcribed in vitro from the respective plasmids and transfected into sk-6 swine kidney cells. the replication competence of the rna was determined by immunostaining transfected cells for csfv ns3 protein and ... | 1999 | 10438869 |
| classical swine fever in sardinia: epidemiology of recent outbreaks. | a variable region of the gene encoding the major glycoprotein (e2) of classical swine fever virus (csfv) was sequenced from 12 sardinian isolates which had been obtained from three geographically distinct regions of the island. phylogenetic analysis of these viruses and others characterized in previous studies [1, 2] indicated that (a) the sardinian viruses were all members of the common european subgroup 2.3 and were clearly distinct from live vaccines recently used in this area; (b) they could ... | 1999 | 10459661 |
| transmission of classical swine fever virus by artificial insemination. | classical swine fever (csf) virus was introduced into an artificial insemination centre during the csf epizootic of 1997-1998 in the netherlands. the risk of further spread of csf virus via contaminated semen was recognised, but could not be assessed because scientific data on this issue were not available. an animal experiment was performed to determine whether csf virus could be transmitted via artificial insemination with contaminated semen. three boars were inoculated with a csf virus field ... | 1999 | 10466500 |
| design and construction of african swine fever virus chimeras incorporating foreign viral epitopes. | in the present work we have studied the feasibility of introducing foreign epitopes into the african swine fever virus (asfv) particle by genetic manipulation of the virus. for this purpose, we developed specific transfer vectors containing the gene encoding for the highly antigenic structural asfv protein p54 in which foreign sequences were introduced. dna sequences encoding continuous linear epitopes, the antigenic site a from foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) vp1 protein and the da3 antigen ... | 1999 | 10481737 |
| virus-specific cell receptors are necessary, but not sufficient, to confer cell susceptibility to african swine fever virus. | the entry of african swine fever (asf) virus into vero cells and swine macrophages is mediated by saturable binding sites located in the plasma membrane, which have been related, as in other virus-cell systems, to the sensitivity of the cell to the virus. in order to define this correlation, we have analyzed up to 16 cell lines derived from different species for their sensitivity to virus infection, to determine the step in the virus infective cycle that was blocked in each resistant cell, the p ... | 1999 | 10481739 |
| african swine fever virus replication in the midgut epithelium is required for infection of ornithodoros ticks. | although the malawi lil20/1 (mal) strain of african swine fever virus (asfv) was isolated from ornithodoros sp. ticks, our attempts to experimentally infect ticks by feeding them this strain failed. ten different collections of ornithodorus porcinus porcinus ticks and one collection of o. porcinus domesticus ticks were orally exposed to a high titer of mal. at 3 weeks postinoculation (p.i.), <25% of the ticks contained detectable virus, with viral titers of <4 log(10) 50% hemadsorbing doses/ml. ... | 1999 | 10482612 |
| immunohistochemical detection of hog cholera virus antigen in paraffin wax-embedded tissues from naturally infected pigs. | in 17 pigs submitted for diagnosis in 1980, hog cholera was confirmed by viral isolation, by a direct immunofluorescent antibody test for viral antigen, and by the presence of characteristic histopathological lesions. in the present study, hog cholera viral antigen was demonstrated in these pigs by immunohistochemical examination of formalin-fixed paraffin wax-embedded tissues that had been stored for 18 years. viral antigen was detected in crypt epithelial cells of the tonsil, collecting tubula ... | 1999 | 10486165 |
| diva vaccines that reduce virus transmission. | this brief review deals with the effect of diva (differentiating infected from vaccinated individuals) vaccines (also termed marker vaccines) on transmission of herpesviruses and pestiviruses in swine and cattle. pseudorabies and bovine herpesvirus 1 diva vaccines have been demonstrated to reduce transmission of wild-type virus in populations of pigs and cattle in the laboratory as well as in the field. a subunit diva vaccine based on the immunodominant e2 protein of classical swine fever virus ... | 1999 | 10486928 |
| genetic diversity of pestiviruses: identification of novel groups and implications for classification. | the complete npro coding sequences were determined for 16 pestiviruses isolated from cattle, pig, and several wild ruminant species including reindeer, bison, deer, and bongo. phylogenetic analysis enabled the segregation of pestiviruses into the established species bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 (bvdv-1), bvdv-2, border disease virus (bdv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv). for bvdv-1 five distinct subgroups were identified, while bvdv-2, bdv, and csfv were each subdivided into two subgrou ... | 1999 | 10489341 |
| molecular epidemiology of classical swine fever in cuba. | the origin and evolution of the classical swine fever (csf) epizootic that occurred in cuba from 1993 to 1997 has been investigated by the analysis of e2 gene sequences from 15 representative viral isolates as well as the vaccine and the challenge strains used in this country. in the phylogenetic tree derived from these sequences, the cuban isolates were located in a defined cluster within the previously reported genomic subgroup 1.2. this cluster was related, although distinguishable, from the ... | 1999 | 10500283 |
| experimental infection of slaughter pigs with classical swine fever virus: transmission of the virus, course of the disease and antibody response. | the spread of classical swine fever virus was investigated in an isolation unit containing four pens, each containing six slaughter pigs. one pig in the middle pen of three adjacent pens was inoculated intramuscularly and intranasally with the virus. the fourth pen was located in a separate compartment. the pens were visited in a strict order to study, first, the effect of indirect contact via contaminated clothing and footwear on the spread of the virus to adjacent pens and, secondly, the airbo ... | 1999 | 10504066 |
| african swine fever virus dutpase is a highly specific enzyme required for efficient replication in swine macrophages. | the african swine fever virus (asfv) gene e165r, which is homologous to dutpases, has been characterized. a multiple alignment of dutpases showed the conservation in asfv dutpase of the motifs that define this protein family. a biochemical analysis of the purified recombinant enzyme showed that the virus dutpase is a trimeric, highly specific enzyme that requires a divalent cation for activity. the enzyme is most probably complexed with mg(2+), the preferred cation, and has an apparent k(m) for ... | 1999 | 10515998 |
| does porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus potentiate classical swine fever virus infection in weaner pigs? | fifteen 6-week-old crossbred weaners weighing about 12 kg each were randomly divided into three groups of five animals each. one group of pigs was inoculated first with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus and then 3 days later with csf virus. the second group received classical swine fever (csf) virus, while the third group was inoculated with prrs virus only. the aim of the experiment was to determine whether a primary prrs virus infection influences the clinical outcome ... | 1999 | 10528545 |
| intermediate stages in monocyte-macrophage differentiation modulate phenotype and susceptibility to virus infection. | the kinetics of monocyte-macrophage differentiation was analysed using two swine workshop cluster (swc) cd molecules: swc1 and swc9. myeloid cells were selected by labelling for the common myeloid antigen, swc3. confirmation of macrophage identification used acid phosphatase and phagocytosis activities. during differentiation, swc1 was gradually lost. swc9 was absent on monocytes but up-regulated early. consequently, monocytes were swc1+ swc9- and macrophages were swc1- swc9+. an additional, int ... | 1999 | 10540219 |
| recovery and assay of african swine fever and swine vesicular disease viruses from pig slurry. | assaying samples for infectious virus is more difficult when the sample is toxic to cells used in the assay, e.g. with samples of infected pig slurry. various techniques were compared for the recovery of african swine fever virus (asfv) and swine vesicular disease virus (svdv) in pig slurry. extraction with freon led to 80-100% recovery of svdv added to pig slurry. the assay sensitivity enabled undiluted, centrifuged sample to be put directly onto monolayers of ib-rs2 cells, allowing a minimum d ... | 1999 | 10540248 |
| classical swine fever virus is genetically stable in vitro and in vivo. | phylogenetic analyses of large numbers of classical swine fever strains have revealed a high degree of sequence conservation in the genomic regions examined, suggesting either a recent common ancestor or a low evolution rate. this low variability is in contrast to findings with other rna viruses. to investigate the consequence of this apparent genetic stability on phylogenetic examinations, the belgian field isolate wingene'93 was passaged in pigs as well as in cell culture by various methods. s ... | 1999 | 10542017 |
| differentiation between vaccine strain and field isolates of classical swine fever virus using polymerase chain reaction and restriction test. | the cs vaccine strain of classical swine fever virus is a derivative from the lk parental strain that has been used in russia for more than 30 years. a 10697 nucleotide fragment of the cs strain's genome has been sequenced. sixteen unique restriction markers have been found in the cs genome comparing to the following strains: alfort187, alfort tubingen, brescia, cap, glentorf, ald, gpe-, chinese, c-strain, riems, p97. fourteen of these sites (aflii, avai, cfoi, eco47ii, haeii, kpni, muni, nspi, ... | 1999 | 10547932 |
| mutations abrogating the rnase activity in glycoprotein e(rns) of the pestivirus classical swine fever virus lead to virus attenuation. | classical swine fever (csf) is a severe hemorrhagic disease of swine caused by the pestivirus csf virus (csfv). amino acid exchanges or deletions introduced by site-directed mutagenesis into the putative active site of the rnase residing in the glycoprotein e(rns) of csfv abolished the enzymatic activity of this protein, as demonstrated with an rnase test suitable for detection of the enzymatic activity in crude cell extracts. incorporation of the altered sequences into an infectious csfv clone ... | 1999 | 10559339 |
| csiro's 'natural' vaccines. | 1999 | 10561787 | |
| pilot scale thermal treatment of pig slurry for the inactivation of animal virus pathogens. | this paper describes a pilot scale treatment plant that has been designed and built for the thermal inactivation in pig slurry of two viruses that infect pigs--african swine fever virus (asfv) and swine vesicular disease virus (svdv). the plant treats pig slurry continuously at a rate of up to 100 litres/hour and functions by heating the slurry, maintaining at least 99.99% of the slurry at the required temperature for a minimum period of 5 minutes, and then recovering the heat to raise the tempe ... | 1999 | 10565423 |
| the rna-dependent rna polymerases of different members of the family flaviviridae exhibit similar properties in vitro. | the virus-encoded rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp), which is required for replication of the positive-strand rna genome, is a key enzyme of members of the virus family flaviviridae. by using heterologously expressed proteins, we demonstrate that the 77 kda ns5b protein of two pestiviruses, bovine viral diarrhoea virus and classical swine fever virus, and the 100 kda ns5 protein of the west nile flavivirus possess rdrp activity in vitro. as originally shown for the rdrp of hepatitis c virus, r ... | 1999 | 10573150 |
| an african swine fever virus orf with similarity to c-type lectins is non-essential for growth in swine macrophages in vitro and for virus virulence in domestic swine. | an african swine fever virus (asfv) orf, 8cr, with similarity to the c-type lectin family of adhesion proteins has been described in the pathogenic isolate malawi lil-20/1. the similarity of 8cr to cellular and poxvirus genes associated with cell adhesion, cell recognition and virus infectivity suggested that 8cr may be of significance to asfv-host cell interactions. sequence analysis of the 8cr orf from additional pathogenic asfv isolates demonstrated conservation among isolates from both pig a ... | 1999 | 10573162 |
| the effectiveness of routine serological surveillance: case study of the 1997 epidemic of classical swine fever in the netherlands. | the authors describe the value of routine serological surveillance in detecting the introduction of classical swine fever virus into a disease-free population. the first investigation concerned the question of whether the epidemic of classical swine fever (csf), which occurred from 1997 to 1998 in the netherlands, could have been detected using the existing monitoring system for notifiable diseases. the investigation used data from the csf epidemic of 1997/1998 and from the existing monitoring s ... | 1999 | 10588006 |
| classical swine fever: the european experience and a guide for infected areas. | classical swine fever (csf) (hog cholera) virus infection is still of world-wide concern, either because of the direct effects of the disease on swine breeding in areas where the virus is epizootic or enzootic, or as a threat in areas where the virus has been eradicated. the authors provide an overview of the characteristics of the disease. special emphasis is placed on the chronic form of disease, particularly in the late stages of eradication programmes. in the early 1980s, the european union ... | 1999 | 10588007 |
| in vitro inhibition of the replication of haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) and african swine fever virus (asfv) by extracts from marine microalgae. | we have screened for in vitro inhibition of viral replication with extracts from the following marine microalgae: porphyridium cruentum, phaeodactylum tricornutum, tetraselmis suecica, chlorella autotrophica, dunaliella tertiolecta, dunaliella bardawil, isochrysis galbana, isochrysis galbana var tiso, ellipsoidon sp. and tetraselmis tetrathele. we have used as viral models two enveloped viruses of significant economic importance, the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) of salmonid fish and ... | 1999 | 10588334 |
| phylogenetic comparison and molecular epidemiology of classical swine fever virus. | the genetic diversity of classical swine fever virus (csfv) was studied by rt-pcr amplification and sequencing of a 409 bp fragment of the ns5b polymerase region. a total of 106 viruses isolated from 20 countries over a period of 52 years (1945-1997) were included in the phylogenetic study. the results showed that the viruses could be divided into two main groups. group 1 consisted of asian and south american isolates from the 1980s, as well as of old european and american isolates. group 2 cons ... | 1999 | 10595410 |
| classical swine fever virus in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of acutely infected swine. | the distribution of classical swine fever virus (csfv) in plasma, monocytes, t and b lymphocytes in peripheral blood was monitored during experimentally induced acute classical swine fever infection in piglets. six piglets were infected with 10(3.8) tcid50 of virus and blood samples taken up to 18 days post-inoculation (p.i.). infectious virus was detected in monocytes, t and b lymphocytes to similar titres in five of the six infected piglets. infectious virus was detected earlier in plasma than ... | 1999 | 10605368 |
| observations on the quasispecies composition of three animal pathogenic rna viruses. | the quasispecies nature of three animal pathogenic rna viruses of field origin was examined by testing variants of classical swine fever virus (csfv) originating from geographically different areas, feline coronavirus (fcov) detected from the same animal by successive sampling, and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) originating from successive outbreaks in the same geographic area. clinical samples were investigated using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and ensuing ... | 1999 | 10641337 |
| infections with flaviviridae. | the family of the flaviviridae contains 3 genera: (i) the hepaciviruses, to which belongs hepatitis c virus (hcv), (ii) the flaviviruses and (iii) the pestiviruses. over 140 million people, more than four times the number of hiv-positive individuals, are chronically infected with the hcv. hepatitis g virus (hgv) has not yet been assigned to a genus. the impact of this recently discovered virus is yet to be established. infections with flaviviruses such as yellow fever virus (yfv), dengue fever v ... | 1999 | 10655776 |
| detection of low-virulent classical swine fever virus in blood of experimentally infected animals: comparison of different methods. | the effectiveness of virus isolation, commercial antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), and flow cytometry in detection of a low-virulent classical swine fever virus (csfv) in blood in the early period of infection was evaluated. domestic pigs at the age of 6-8 weeks and young wild boars were inoculated with a low-virulent field isolate of csfv originating from a wild boar. this virus induced serious clinical reaction in only ... | 1999 | 10825927 |
| laboratory decision-making during the classical swine fever epidemic of 1997-1998 in the netherlands. | the national reference laboratory for classical swine fever (csf) virus in the netherlands examined more than two million samples for csf virus or serum antibody during the csf epizootic of 1997-1998. the immense amount of samples and the prevalence of border disease (bd) virus and bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd) virus infections in dutch pig herds necessitated the diagnostic efforts of the laboratory to be focused on generating csf specific test results throughout the eradication campaign. detecti ... | 1999 | 10619155 |
| transmission of classical swine fever virus within herds during the 1997-1998 epidemic in the netherlands. | in this paper, we describe the transmission of classical swine fever virus (csf virus) within herds during the 1997-1998 epidemic in the netherlands. in seven herds where the infection started among individually housed breeding stock, all breeding pigs had been tested for antibodies to csf virus shortly before depopulation. based upon these data, the transmission of csf virus between pigs was described as exponential growth in time with a parameter r, that was estimated at 0.108 (95% confidence ... | 1999 | 10619156 |
| quantification of the transmission of classical swine fever virus between herds during the 1997-1998 epidemic in the netherlands. | in this study, we describe a method to quantify the transmission of classical swine fever virus (csfv) between herds from data collected during the 1997-1998 epidemic in the netherlands. from the contacts between infected herds and the serological findings shortly before depopulation, we estimated the week of virus introduction and the length of the period over which the herd emitted virus for each csfv-infected herd. from these data, we estimated the infection-rate parameter beta (the average n ... | 1999 | 10619157 |
| the 1997-1998 classical swine fever epidemic in the netherlands--a survival analysis. | the aim of this analysis was to characterise the temporal pattern of infection during the 1997/98 classical swine fever (csf) epidemic in the netherlands and hence identify and quantify risk factors for infection in different enterprise types and areas. survival analysis and cox proportional hazards regression were used to describe the epidemic. substantial differences in temporal survival patterns (herd breakdown rate) were found between areas where different control policies operated. factors ... | 1999 | 10619158 |
| spatial and stochastic simulation to evaluate the impact of events and control measures on the 1997-1998 classical swine fever epidemic in the netherlands. ii. comparison of control strategies. | using the spatial, temporal and stochastic simulation model intercsf, several alternative pre-emptive slaughter strategies that could have been applied in the dutch classical swine fever (csf) epidemic of 1997-1998 were evaluated. furthermore, effects of changes in some disease-spread and disease-control parameters were studied. intercsf simulates the spread of csf between farms through local spread and contacts (animals, transport and persons). disease spread is affected by control measures imp ... | 1999 | 10619161 |
| [the morphological structure of classical swine fever virus and some characteristics of its multiplication]. | some characteristics of the multiplication of classical swine fever virus(csfv) thiverval strain were studied by means of the immunofluorescence technique. under optimum culture conditions, the concentration of csfv in the culture liquid multiplicated by mpk cells is ten times higher than by pk-15 cells. the half-life period of csfv at 37 degrees c is 3 hour. the location of csfv's replication in host cells is detected by the monoclonal antibodies of the structural protein e2 and the non-structu ... | 1999 | 12555533 |
| [molecular clone and sequence analysis of cdna fragments of hog cholera virus strain c]. | the 5' nonencoding region, p23 and p14 encoding region and e1 gene of hog cholera virus (hcv) strain c were amplified from total rna extracted from hcv strain c infected rabbit spleen by reverse transcription and nested or half--nested pcr. the pcr products were cloned into pgem-t vector. nucleotide sequencing was performed using an abi prism sequencing device; based on the incorporation of fluoresect labelled dideoxynuclotide teminators. the obtained sequences on 5' noncoding region and part of ... | 1999 | 12555563 |
| [cloning and sequence analysis of e0 gene of hog cholera virus lapinized chinese strain and virulent shimen strain]. | according to the published nucleotide sequences of genome of hog cholera virus, one pair of specific primers were designed and synthesized. from the spleen of rabbits which were infected with hclv and hcv shimen strain infected pig blood, the two e0 genes were amplified by rt-pcr. the amplified fragments were cloned into pgem-t vector and sequenced. sequence analysis showed nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence homologies of the e0 gene between hclv and shimen strain were 95.0% and ... | 2000 | 12548875 |
| [study on the morphological processing of classical swine fever virus in cultured cells]. | an infected mode between the thiverval strain and chinese strain of csfv and mpk cells are established. the morphological structure and processing of different strains(t strain, c strain and f strain) of csfv were studied by ultra-thin section electron microscopy. the virions of csfv are roughly round and approximately 70 nm in diameter with a 40 nm core, and are wraped by membrane. the distinctive pathway of the maturation and release of csfv are observed. virons on different deverloping state ... | 2000 | 12548986 |
| [molecular cloning and expression of e2 gene of the chinese classical swine fever virus(shimen strain) and preliminary studies of its dna vaccine]. | a 1.1 bp fragment of e2 gene of chinese classical swine fever virus(csfv) shimen strain, a standard virulent strain, was amplified by rt-pcr from total rna of cell cultures infected by csfv, and cloned into pgem t vector. the nucleotide sequence of this fragment was sequenced by sanger's method and the amino acid sequence was deduced. compared with the corresponding region of alfort, brescia and c strain of csfv, the nucleotide sequence homology is 84.7%, 92.6% and 95.2% respectively, and the am ... | 2000 | 12548987 |
| [nucleotide sequence analysis of e2 major protective antigen encoding region of 12 strains of hog cholera virus(hcv)]. | cdna fragments, of hcv envelope glycoprotein e2 major gene of 11 field strains isolated in china in different time and 1 french reference strain(thiveral) were amplified respectively with rt-pcr method and sequenced. the fragments amplified located by the 5' 2485 to 2708 of e2 major domains b and c and encoded 75 amino acid residues of e2 glycoprotein. all the products amplifield by rt-pcr from 12 strains in the study were same size of 224 bp. comparing 12 sequences with other 9 references strai ... | 2000 | 12549056 |
| relation between lymphocyte subpopulations of peripheral blood and immune responses of modified live hog cholera virus vaccine in pigs treated with an ionized alkali mineral complex. | thirty-nine healthy pigs (28-32 days old) were purchased from a commercial swine farm and housed at swine pens of the college. the animals were vaccinated intramuscularly (1 ml) with an attenuated live hog cholera virus (hcv, lom strain) and then boostered at 5 weeks after the first vaccination. the animals were divided into 4 experimental groups: 0.05% (w/w) powerfeel-supplemented diet (t-1, n = 10); 3% (w/w) superfeed-supplemented diet (t-2, n = 10); diluted powerfeel solution (1 : 500, v/v) a ... | 2000 | 14612620 |
| an african swine fever virus erv1-alr homologue, 9gl, affects virion maturation and viral growth in macrophages and viral virulence in swine. | the african swine fever virus (asfv) genome contains a gene, 9gl, with similarity to yeast erv1 and alr genes. erv1 has been shown to function in oxidative phosphorylation and in cell growth, while alr has hepatotrophic activity. 9gl encodes a protein of 119 amino acids and was highly conserved at both nucleotide and amino acid levels among all asfv field isolates examined. monospecific rabbit polyclonal antibody produced to a glutathione s-transferase-9gl fusion protein specifically immunopreci ... | 2000 | 10627538 |
| regulation of calcineurin by growth cone calcium waves controls neurite extension. | growth cones generate spontaneous transient elevations of intracellular ca(2+) that regulate the rate of neurite outgrowth. here we report that these ca(2+) waves inhibit neurite extension via the ca(2+)-dependent phosphatase calcineurin (cn) in xenopus spinal neurons. pharmacological blockers of cn (cyclosporin a and deltamethrin) and peptide inhibitors of cn [the xenopus cn (xcn) autoinhibitory domain and african swine fever virus protein a238l] block the ca(2+)-dependent reduction of neurite ... | 2000 | 10627609 |
| african swine fever virus ep153r open reading frame encodes a glycoprotein involved in the hemadsorption of infected cells. | the open reading frame ep153r, located within the ecori e' fragment of the african swine fever (asf) virus genome, is predicted to encode a membrane protein of 153 amino acids that presents significant homology to the n-terminal region of several cd44 molecules. ep153r contains multiple putative sites for n-glycosylation, phosphorylation, and myristoylation, a central transmembrane region, a c-type animal lectin-like domain, and a cell attachment sequence. transcription of ep153r takes place at ... | 2000 | 10639320 |
| characterization of the african swine fever virus protein p49: a new late structural polypeptide. | the open reading frame b438l, located within the ecori b fragment of the african swine fever virus genome, is predicted to encode a protein of 438 amino acids with a molecular mass of 49.3 kda. it presents a cell attachment rgd (arg-gly-asp) motif but no other significant similarity to protein sequences in databases. northern blot and primer extension analysis showed that b438l is transcribed only at late times during virus infection. the b438l gene product has been expressed in escherichia coli ... | 2000 | 10640542 |
| ribosomal binding to the internal ribosomal entry site of classical swine fever virus. | most eukaryotic mrnas require the cap-binding complex elf4f for efficient initiation of translation, which occurs as a result of ribosomal scanning from the capped 5' end of the mrna to the initiation codon. a few cellular and viral mrnas are translated by a cap and end-independent mechanism known as internal ribosomal entry. the internal ribosome entry site (ires) of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is approximately 330 nt long, highly structured, and mediates internal initiation of translati ... | 2000 | 11142379 |
| classical swine fever virus: clinical, virological, serological and hematological findings after infection of domestic pigs and wild boars with the field isolate "spante" originating from wild boar. | a classical swine fever virus (csfv) field isolate originating from wild boar was investigated on its virulence in domestic pigs and wild boar. three weaner pigs and two wild boars (yearlings) were intranasally inoculated with the isolate "spante" and tested for clinical, virological, hematological and serological findings until day 31 after infection (p. i.). one day p. i. the piglets were put in contact to three sentinel pigs. during a period of 31 d neither the domestic pigs nor the wild boar ... | 2000 | 11153219 |
| airborne transmission of classical swine fever virus under experimental conditions. | sixty-one pigs were housed in an isolation unit with three compartments and five pens. each compartment had its own ventilation system resulting in air currents flowing from compartment a (pens 1 to 3) towards compartment b (pen 4), but not towards compartment c (pen 5). classical swine fever virus was introduced by the experimental inoculation of one pig in the middle pen (pen 2) of compartment a. the virus infected the pigs in pen 4, following the prevalent air currents, and the compartmentali ... | 2000 | 11195166 |
| analysis of classical swine fever virus replication kinetics allows differentiation of highly virulent from avirulent strains. | to study the replication of classical swine fever virus (csfv) in cell culture, kinetics of viral plus-strand rna synthesis, of viral structural and non-structural protein expression as well as of secreted and cell-associated infectious virus were determined. highly virulent, moderately virulent and avirulent strains that were tested in standardized animal experiments to confirm their virulence were used to search for in vitro parameters allowing the differentiation of strains according to their ... | 2000 | 10831853 |
| rescue of infectious classical swine fever and foot-and-mouth disease virus by rna transfection and virus detection by rt-pcr after extended storage of samples in trizol. | a method for storing samples containing classical swine fever virus (csfv) or foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), respectively, was developed, which abolishes the infectivity of both plus strand rna viruses, and allows storage of samples above 0 degrees c for an extended time, yet preserves the viral rna in a state which allows its detection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), and even rescue of infectious virus after transfection of the extracted rna into susceptible c ... | 2000 | 10856750 |
| genetic grouping of classical swine fever virus by restriction fragment length polymorphism of the e2 gene. | a method for genetic grouping of classical swine fever viruses (csfv) was developed based on the restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) revealed by avaii, banii and pvuii digestion of rt-pcr amplified segments of the e2 gene. from inspection of the genetic sequences of thai isolates and reference strains, the rflp method was designed to be capable of differentiating all known genogroups and subgenogroups suggested by phylogenetic analysis of the csfv e2 gene. the method was applied to 6 ... | 2000 | 10856761 |
| apoptosis in the lymphatic organs of piglets inoculated with classical swine fever virus. | the involvement of apoptosis in the lymphatic organs of piglets infected with classical swine fever (csf) virus was investigated. piglets were inoculated with csf virus and 3, 5, 7 and 10 days post inoculation (dpi), the thymus, spleen and lymph node were examined. in the thymus cortex, macrophages phagocytizing the nuclear remnants or apoptotic bodies increased after 3 dpi. thymus atrophy due to the loss of the cortex increased markedly during the observation period. compact and shrunken nuclei ... | 2000 | 10865147 |
| mechanism of action of a pestivirus antiviral compound. | we report here the discovery of a small molecule inhibitor of pestivirus replication. the compound, designated vp32947, inhibits the replication of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in cell culture at a 50% inhibitory concentration of approximately 20 nm. vp32947 inhibits both cytopathic and noncytopathic pestiviruses, including isolates of bvdv-1, bvdv-2, border disease virus, and classical swine fever virus. however, the compound shows no activity against viruses from unrelated virus groups. ... | 2000 | 10869440 |
| an outbreak of african swine fever in nigeria: virus isolation and molecular characterization of the vp72 gene of a first isolate from west africa. | the isolation of 98/asf/ng, a strain of african swine fever virus (asfv) associated with a 1998 epizootic in nigeria, is reported. this first isolate of the virus from west africa was identified through a successful polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification and sequencing of a 280 base pair (bp) fragment of the major capsid protein (vp72) gene. further amplification and sequence analysis of a 1.9 kilobase pair (kbp) fragment encompassing the complete vp72 gene showed that the isolate has a 9 ... | 2000 | 10872875 |
| pathogenesis of granulocytopenia and bone marrow atrophy during classical swine fever involves apoptosis and necrosis of uninfected cells. | granulocytopenia, a hematological hallmark of classical swine fever, is partially responsible for the suppression of innate immune defenses during classical swine fever. the present report demonstrates that this depletion was apparent as early as 3 days postinfection (p.i.). both mature peripheral and bone marrow neutrophils were affected, whereas immature neutrophils increased absolutely in the periphery and coincidentally immature myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow. these data suggest that ... | 2000 | 10873748 |
| experimental infections of rabbits with rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus monitored by polymerase chain reaction. | adult and 4-5-week-old rabbits were inoculated subcutaneously with rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv). samples were prepared from various tissues at intervals postinoculation (pi) for the detection of viral rna and antigens. using a haemagglutination test (hat), viral antigens were detected in the liver, bile and spleen of the adult rabbits at and after 36 h pi. the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt - pcr) showed that rhdvrna was present in the liver, bile and spleen as e ... | 2000 | 10877972 |
| pathogenesis of classical swine fever: renal haemorrhages and erythrodiapedesis. | thirty pigs were inoculated with a virulent isolate (quillota strain) of classical swine fever (hog cholera) virus to establish the chronological occurrence of lesions in the kidney and to determine the mechanism responsible for renal haemorrhages. the study included the use of histopathological, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical (detection of viral antigen gp55, mac387, lambda chains, cd3 and c1q) and morphometrical techniques (vascular area). renal interstitial oedema and haemorrhages were ... | 2000 | 10906255 |
| sequence analysis of e2 glycoprotein genes of classical swine fever viruses: identification of a novel genogroup in thailand. | thirty classical swine fever viruses (csfv) isolated in thailand between 1988 and 1996 were characterised by genetic sequence analysis of a part of their e2 coding regions, comparing the new data with that for representative reference viruses from other countries and continents. thai isolates were divided into three distinct genogroups, indicating multiple origins for the outbreaks. eighteen isolates from 1988-1995 form a new genogroup not previously described from any other geographical region. ... | 2000 | 10916939 |
| structure of african swine fever virus late promoters: requirement of a tata sequence at the initiation region. | a number of mutations, including deletions, linker scan substitutions, and point mutations, were performed in the promoter of the late african swine fever virus (asfv) gene coding for the capsid protein p72. the consequences of the mutations in terms of promoter activity were analyzed by luciferase assays using plasmids transfected into infected cells. the results showed that the promoter function is contained between nucleotides -36 and +5 relative to the transcription initiation site. moreover ... | 2000 | 10933729 |
| mechanism of inactivation of nf-kappa b by a viral homologue of i kappa b alpha. signal-induced release of i kappa b alpha results in binding of the viral homologue to nf-kappa b. | activation of the nuclear factor kappa b plays a key role in viral pathogenesis, resulting in inflammation and modulation of the immune response. we have previously shown that a238l, an open reading frame from african swine fever virus (asfv), encoding a protein with 40% homology to porcine i kappa b alpha exerts a potent anti-inflammatory effect in host macrophages, where it down-regulates nf-kappa b-dependent gene transcription and proinflammatory cytokine production. this paper reveals the me ... | 2000 | 10934190 |
| prevention of transplacental transmission of moderate-virulent classical swine fever virus after single or double vaccination with an e2 subunit vaccine. | the use of a vaccine against classical swine fever virus (csfv) during an outbreak of csf should lead to a reduction in the horizontal or vertical transmission of csfv. the reduction of vertical, i.e. transplacental, transmission of a moderate-virulent strain of csfv from the sow to its offspring was studied in sows vaccinated once or twice with a csfv e2 subunit vaccine. two groups of nine sows were vaccinated with one pd95 dose of the e2 subunit vaccine, approximately four weeks before insemin ... | 2000 | 10952445 |
| ultrastructural glomerular changes in experimental infection with the classical swine fever virus. | ultrastructural studies of glomerular changes were performed on 16 pigs experimentally infected with a highly virulent strain of the classical swine fever virus. our observations revealed the thickening of glomerular basement membranes, swelling of endothelial cells and cytoplasmic vacuolization within podocytes containing abundant viral particles. an early viral infection of podocytes was suggested as the cause of selective swelling of the foot processes of these cells with the consequent oblit ... | 2000 | 10958244 |
| detection of porcine enteroviruses by nrt-pcr: differentiation of cpe groups i-iii with specific primer sets. | porcine enteroviruses (pev) comprising at least 13 serotypes grouped into three species are described as causative agents of neurological disorders, fertility disorders, and dermal lesions of swine. despite their well-documented acid stability, enteric infection route, and similarity of clinical symptoms, most of the porcine enterovirus (pev) serotypes are set apart from the genus enterovirus of the picornaviridae. hence, pcr procedures used commonly to detect enteroviruses are not applicable to ... | 2000 | 10960708 |
| prospective characterization of full-length hepatitis c virus ns5a quasispecies during induction and combination antiviral therapy. | the hepatitis c virus (hcv) nonstructural 5a (ns5a) protein has been controversially implicated in the inherent resistance of hcv to interferon (ifn) antiviral therapy in clinical studies. in this study, the relationship between ns5a mutations and selection pressures before and during antiviral therapy and virologic response to therapy were investigated. full-length ns5a clones were sequenced from 20 hcv genotype 1-infected patients in a prospective, randomized clinical trial of ifn induction (d ... | 2000 | 10982347 |
| the cellular immune recognition of proteins expressed by an african swine fever virus random genomic library. | the cellular immune recognition of peptides expressed by an african swine fever virus (asfv) random genomic library has been studied. dna from the malawi (lil20/1) asfv isolate was randomly sheared by sonication, cloned into a plasmid vector downstream of a bacteriophage t7 promoter, and 72 recombinant plasmids were arbitrarily selected. these plasmids were transiently expressed following transfection into major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i(+) class ii(-) matched pig skin cells, whic ... | 2000 | 10986387 |
| african swine fever virus protein a238l interacts with the cellular phosphatase calcineurin via a binding domain similar to that of nfat. | the african swine fever virus protein a238l inhibits activation of nfat transcription factor by binding calcineurin and inhibiting its phosphatase activity. nfat controls the expression of many immunomodulatory proteins. here we describe a 14-amino-acid region of a238l that is needed and sufficient for binding to calcineurin. by introducing mutations within this region, we have identified a motif (pxixitxc/s) required for a238l binding to calcineurin; a similar motif is found in nfat proteins. p ... | 2000 | 11000210 |
| passage of classical swine fever virus in cultured swine kidney cells selects virus variants that bind to heparan sulfate due to a single amino acid change in envelope protein e(rns). | infection of cells with classical swine fever virus (csfv) is mediated by the interaction of envelope glycoprotein e(rns) and e2 with the cell surface. in this report we studied the role of the cell surface glycoaminoglycans (gags), chondroitin sulfates a, b, and c (cs-a, -b, and -c), and heparan sulfate (hs) in the initial binding of csfv strain brescia to cells. removal of hs from the surface of swine kidney cells (sk6) by heparinase i treatment almost completely abolished infection of these c ... | 2000 | 11000226 |
| [the leukocyte count is a valuable parameter for detecting classical swine fever]. | in this paper we describe a study of the use of the white blood cell count (wbcc) as a parameter for detecting outbreaks of classical swine fever (csf). meta-analysis of the results of challenge experiments revealed that oronasal infection of spf-pigs with the virulent csf virus (csfv) strains brescia or nl9201 resulted in a significant decrease in the average white blood cell count during the first week after inoculation of the virus. challenge of conventional finishing pigs and sows with the m ... | 2000 | 11002499 |
| bacterial lipoprotein based expression vectors as tools for the characterisation of african swine fever virus (asfv) antigens. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the causative agent of an important pig disease for which protective mechanisms are still poorly understood. the present work was aimed at the characterisation of asfv antigens using previously reported vectors that allow their expression as fusion proteins with the bacterial lipoprotein opri. several recombinant clones induced sla-restricted, asfv-specific lymphoproliferation and one (a2) was demonstrated to stimulate asfv-specific ctl activity in vitro, in o ... | 2000 | 11003474 |
| characterization of lesions caused by a south american virulent isolate ('quillota') of the hog cholera virus. | in this study, macroscopic and histopathological lesions produced by a virulent south american isolate ('quillota') of hog cholera virus were studied. the virus was inoculated in doses of 10(5)tcid50 in each of 35 pigs of 20 kg live weight. the animals were slaughtered from 4 to 18 days post-inoculation. the presence of virus antigens in lymphatic tissue was confirmed by both direct immunofluorescence and avidin-biotin-peroxidase techniques in formalin-embedded tissue samples. histological secti ... | 2000 | 11014061 |
| csf virus in east anglia: where from? | 2000 | 11014491 | |
| iridovirus homologues of cellular genes--implications for the molecular evolution of large dna viruses. | iridoviruses belong to the group of large cytoplasmic deoxyriboviruses and infect either insects or vertebrates. in analogy to other large dna viruses of eucaryotes it was found that iridoviruses encode a number of cellular protein homologues. the majority of these proteins represent orthologues of cellular enzymes involved in transcription, replication, and nucleotide metabolism. others may have the potential to interfere with cell cycle regulation or immune defence mechanisms of the host. this ... | 2000 | 11022791 |
| chimeric classical swine fever viruses containing envelope protein e(rns) or e2 of bovine viral diarrhoea virus protect pigs against challenge with csfv and induce a distinguishable antibody response. | three chimeric classical swine fever virus (csfv)/bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) full-length dna copies were constructed, based on the infectious dna copy of the csfv vaccine strain c. the antigenic region of e2 and/or the complete e(rns) gene were replaced by the analogous sequence of bvdv ii strain 5250. viable chimeric virus flc11, in which e(rns) was replaced, was directly recovered from supernatant of sk6.t7 cells transfected with full-length dna. viable chimeric virus flc9, in which e ... | 2000 | 11027808 |
| an experimental infection with classical swine fever in e2 sub-unit marker-vaccine vaccinated and in non-vaccinated pigs. | the clinical and virological protection induced by an e2 sub-unit marker-vaccine against classical swine fever (csf) was examined during an experimental infection in vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs. forty-five pigs were equally distributed over three adjacent pens of an isolation unit, there was only indirect (airborne) contact between pigs in the different pens. in pen 3 all pigs were vaccinated twice with 4 weeks interval. pigs in pens 1 and 2 were not vaccinated. two weeks after booster va ... | 2000 | 11027811 |
| origins of the csf outbreak. | 2000 | 11037735 | |
| molecular epidemiology of a large classical swine fever epidemic in the european union in 1997-1998. | a big epidemic of classical swine fever (csf) occurred in the european community in 1997. the first case was reported at the beginning of january 1997 from germany. the disease presumably spread to the netherlands, and from there to italy, spain and eventually to belgium. about 30 isolates from these outbreaks were analysed by comparison of the nucleotide sequence data generated from fragments of both the e2 glycoprotein gene (190 nucleotides) and from the 5'-nontranslated region (5'-ntr; 150 nu ... | 2000 | 11042397 |
| epidemiology of classical swine fever in germany in the 1990s. | in germany, 424 outbreaks of csf in domestic pigs and a great number of cases in wild boar were recorded between 1990 and 1998. most of the federal states ('bundesländer') were affected. epidemiological data from field investigations combined with genetic typing allowed to distinguish seven unrelated epidemics and a number of sporadic outbreaks in domestic pigs. detailed epidemiological data was available for 327 outbreaks. it was found that 28% of these were primary outbreaks. most of them were ... | 2000 | 11042398 |
| a serological survey on classical swine fever (csf), aujeszky's disease (ad) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus infections in french wild boars from 1991 to 1998. | in early 1992, a csf epizootic was clinically recognised in a wild boar population of approximately 1300 animals within an area of 250km(2) located in the east of france. in order to check the csf situation in wild boars outside this area, a serological survey was carried out in the rest of france, for 8 consecutive years (1991-1998). this paper reports on the results obtained during this survey which included wild boars shot during the hunting period but also boars reared within fences. around ... | 2000 | 11042399 |
| genetic typing of classical swine fever virus isolates from the territory of the czech republic. | epizootiological studies based on genetic typing were performed using 14 isolates from outbreaks of classical swine fever (csf) in domestic pigs and wild boar in the czech republic which occurred between 1991 and 1998. they were compared with austrian, slovakian, hungarian, polish and german isolates. the aim of this study was to characterise the csf virus isolates and find out the possible relationships between the outbreaks in domestic pigs and wild boar, and to map the spread of the virus in ... | 2000 | 11042400 |
| classical swine fever virus: a second ring test to evaluate rt-pcr detection methods. | six laboratories participated in a study to compare the sensitivity and specificity of rt-pcr tests for the detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv). sets of coded samples were prepared by serial dilution of positive samples and then distributed to each of the laboratories. one set comprised 25 samples of random primed cdna, synthesised from viral rna representative of different pestiviruses. the other set comprised samples of blood and serum obtained from virus-free or csfv-infected pigs ... | 2000 | 11042401 |
| efficacy of the classical swine fever (csf) marker vaccine porcilis pesti in pregnant sows. | the efficacy of the classical swine fever (csf) subunit marker vaccine porcilis pesti based on baculovirus expressed envelope glycoprotein e2 of csf virus (csfv) was evaluated in pregnant sows. ten gilts were vaccinated with one dose of marker vaccine, followed by a second dose 4 weeks later. four gilts remained unvaccinated and received a placebo at the same times. thirty-three days after the second vaccination all animals were artificially inseminated. neither local or systemic reactions nor a ... | 2000 | 11042402 |
| safety and efficacy of a classical swine fever subunit vaccine in pregnant sows and their offspring. | in the study three groups with five pregnant sows each were used. the animals were vaccinated twice, 2 weeks apart, in different stages of gestation, i.e. +/-4, +/-8 and +/-12 weeks after insemination and then 14 days later, respectively. from each group of sows three litters were randomly selected and vaccinated twice, 4 weeks apart, at 5 and 9, 7 and 11, and 9 and 13 weeks of life, respectively. blood for serological investigations by virus neutralisation test and elisa tests (for e(rns) antib ... | 2000 | 11042403 |